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Earlier editions: 20222019

Chapter 4 — VENTILATION AIR

403.9 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be

California Mechanical Code (Title 24, Part 4) · 2025 edition · updated 2026-09-10 · California

Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.

classified as shown in Table 402.1, Table 403.7, or Table 403.9, and its recirculation shall be limited in accordance with Section

403.9.1 through Section 403.9.4. {ASHRAE 62.1:5.18} Recirculated air shall not be taken from prohibited locations in accordance with Section 311.3.

Air (return, transfer, or exhaust air) leaving each space or location shall be designated at an expected air-quality classification not less than that shown in Table 402.1, Table 403.7, or Table 403.9 or as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Air leaving spaces or locations that are not listed in Table 402.1, Table 403.7, or Table 403.9 shall be designated with the same classification as air from the most similar space or location listed in terms of occupant activities and building construction.

Exception: Air from spaces where environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is present. (Classification of air from spaces where ETS is present is not addressed. Spaces that are expected to include ETS do not have a classification listed in Table 402.1.)

[ASHRAE 62.1:5.18.1]

TABLE 403.9

AIRSTREAMS OR SOURCES DESCRIPTION AIR CLASS

[ASHRAE 62.1: TABLE 6-3]

DESCRIPTION AIR
CLASS

Kitchen grease hoods
4
Kitchen hoods other than grease
3

Diazo printing equipment discharge
4

Hydraulic elevator machine room
2

Laboratory hoods
4
Paint spray booths
4
Refrigerating machinery rooms 3

403.9.1 Class 1 Air. Recirculation or transfer of Class 1 air to any space shall be permitted. [ASHRAE 62.1:5.18.3.1]

403.9.2 Class 2 Air. Recirculation of Class 2 air within the space of origin shall be permitted. Recirculation or transfer of Class 2 air to other Class 2 or Class 3 spaces shall be permitted, provided that the other spaces are used for the same or similar purpose or task and involve the same or similar pollutant sources as the Class 2 space. Transfer of Class 2 air to toilet rooms shall be permitted. Recirculation or transfer of Class 2 air to Class 4 spaces shall be permitted. Class 2 air shall not be recirculated or transferred to Class 1 spaces.

Exception: When using any energy recovery device, recirculation from leakage, carryover, or transfer from the exhaust side of the energy recovery device shall be permitted but shall not be counted as outdoor air. Exhaust air transfer ratio of Class 2 air shall not exceed 10 percent of the outdoor air intake flow. {ASHRAE 62.1:5.18.3.2 – 5.18.3.2.5}

403.9.3 Class 3 Air. Recirculation of Class 3 air within the space of origin shall be permitted. Class 3 air shall not be recirculated or transferred to any other space.

Exception: When using any energy recovery device, recirculation from leakage, carryover, or transfer from the exhaust side of the energy recovery device shall be permitted but shall not be counted as outdoor air. Exhaust air transfer ratio of Class 3 air shall not exceed 5 percent of the outdoor air intake flow. {ASHRAE 62.1:5.18.3.3 – 5.18.3.3.2}

403.9.4 Class 4 Air. Class 4 air shall not be recirculated or transferred to any space or recirculated within the space of origin. [ASHRAE 62.1:5.18.3.4]

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Contents — California Mechanical Code (Title 24, Part 4)
California Mechanical Code (Title 24, Part 4)
  1. Chapter 1 — GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS
  2. Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS
  3. Chapter 3 — GENERAL REGULATIONS
  4. Chapter 4 — VENTILATION AIR
    Overview
    1. 401.1 Applicability. This chapter contains requirements for
    2. 401.2 Indoor Swimming Pools. The design of ventilation
    3. 401.3 Filters. [BSC-CG & DSA-SS] In mechanically ven-
    4. 402.1 Occupiable Spaces. Occupiable spaces listed in
    5. 402.2 Natural Ventilation Procedure. [Not permitted
    6. 402.3 Mechanical Ventilation. [Not permitted for
    7. 402.4 Outdoor Air Intakes. Ventilation system outdoor
    8. 403.1 General. The design outdoor air intake flow rate for
    9. 403.2 Zone Calculations. Ventilation zone parameters
    10. 403.3 Single-Zone Systems. For ventilation systems
    11. 403.4 One Hundred Percent Outdoor Air Systems.
    12. 403.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems. For ventilation sys…
    13. 403.6 Design for Varying Operating Conditions. Ventilation sys…
    14. 403.7 Exhaust Ventilation. Exhaust airflow shall be provided i…
    15. 403.8 Dynamic Reset. The system shall be permitted to be
    16. 403.9 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be
    17. 403.10 Air Balance. All mechanical ventilation systems
    18. 404.1 System Ventilation Efficiency. The system ventilation ef…
    19. 404.2 Average Outdoor Air Fraction. The average outdoor air fr…
    20. 404.3 Zone Ventilation Efficiency. The zone ventilation
    21. 405.1 General. Rooms or occupied spaces within residential occ…
    22. 405.2 Ventilation Air Rate. The required mechanical ventilatio…
    23. 405.3 Bathroom Exhaust. A mechanical exhaust directly
    24. 405.4 Kitchen Exhaust. A mechanical exhaust system that
    25. 405.5 Ventilation Openings. Occupiable spaces shall be
    26. 406.0 Evaporative Cooling System for Health Care
    27. 407.1 General.
    28. 407.2 Outdoor Air Intakes and Exhaust Outlets.
    29. 407.3 Air Balance.
    30. 407.4 Air Circulation.
    31. 407.5 Variable Air Volume.
    32. 407.6 Economizers.
    33. 407.7 Unoccupied Turndown.
    34. 408.3 Filters for Skilled Nursing Facilities, Intermedi-
    35. 408.4 Filters for Outpatient Facilities.
    36. 408.5 Filters for Recirculating Room Units.
    37. 409.1 Ducts which penetrate construction, intended for X-
    38. 409.2 Duct linings and their use shall meet the requirements
    39. 409.3 The anchorage and supporting structural elements for
    40. 410.1 Laboratory Ventilating Systems. Laboratory ven-
    41. 410.2 Exhaust Hoods and Safety Cabinets. Hoods and
    42. 410.3 Laboratory Fume Hoods. Laboratory fume hoods
    43. 407.8 Building Pressurization.
    44. 408.1 General. Filter efficiencies shall be certified by the
    45. 408.2 Filters for Hospitals.
    46. 411.1 The air from dining areas may be used to ventilate the
    47. 412.1 Boiler, heater and electrical equipment rooms shall be
    48. 412.2 Floor surfaces in occupied spaces above such rooms
    49. 413.1 Rooms in areas where excessive heat or moisture is
    50. 413.2 Kitchen, morgues and laundries located inside a hos-
    51. 414.1 Exhaust Systems. A separate, dedicated exhaust
    52. 414.2 Air Distribution. The supply outlets and exhaust
    53. 415.1 Air Distribution. The supply outlets and exhaust and
    54. 416.1 An alarm system which is based on static pressure con-
    55. 416.2 Other acceptable alarm systems will be allowed when
    56. 416.3 [OSHPD 4] For correctional treatment centers, the
    57. 416.4 Prior to acceptance of the rooms, the alarm system
    58. 417.0 Testing and Balancing Airborne Infection Isola-
    59. 418.1 Air Changes. The ETO sterilization equipment room
    60. 418.2 Exhaust Requirements.
    61. 418.3 Ventilation Requirements.
    62. 418.4 Gas Valves. Installation of gas line hand valves at the
    63. 418.5 Alarm Systems. An Audible and visual alarm system
    64. 419.1 Formula Preparation Area. Air shall be supplied
    65. 419.2 Treatment Area/Room. Air shall be supplied over
  5. Chapter 5 — EXHAUST SYSTEMS
  6. Chapter 6 — DUCT SYSTEMS
  7. Chapter 7 — COMBUSTION AIR
  8. Chapter 8 — CHIMNEYS AND VENTS
  9. Chapter 9 — INSTALLATION OF SPECIFIC APPLIANCES
  10. Chapter 10 — BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS
  11. Chapter 11 — REFRIGERATION
  12. Chapter 12 — HYDRONICS
  13. Chapter 13 — FUEL GAS PIPING
  14. Chapter 14 — PROCESS PIPING
  15. Chapter 15 — SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
  16. Chapter 16 — STATIONARY POWER PLANTS
  17. Chapter 17 — GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE…
  18. Chapter 18 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  19. Appendix A — RESIDENTIAL PLAN EXAMINER REVIEW FORM FOR HVAC SY…
  20. Appendix B — PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED TO PLACE GAS EQUIPMENT …
  21. Appendix C — INSTALLATION AND TESTING OF OIL (LIQUID) FUEL-FIR…
  22. Appendix D — FUEL SUPPLY: MANUFACTURED/MOBILE HOME PARKS AND R…
  23. Appendix E — SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
  24. Appendix F — SIZING OF VENTING SYSTEMS AND OUTDOOR COMBUSTION …
  25. Appendix G — EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF OUTDOOR AIR RATE
  26. Appendix H — PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
  27. Appendix I — INDOOR HORTICULTURAL FACILITIES
  28. Appendix J — CLEAN AIR DELIVERY

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