Chapter 3 — BUILDING PLANNING

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user.

See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

(continued)

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CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

CHAPTER 3 – BUILDING PLANNING—continued

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: † The N designation indicates that the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures subject to HCD 1.

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Part III—Building Planning and Construction

CHAPTER 3

BUILDING PLANNING

User note:

About this chapter: Chapter 3 contains a wide array of building planning requirements that are critical to designing a safe and usable build- ing. This includes, but is not limited to, requirements related to: general structural design, fire-resistant construction, light, ventilation, sanita- tion, plumbing fixture clearances, minimum room area and ceiling height, safety glazing, means of egress, automatic fire sprinkler systems, smoke and carbon monoxide alarm systems, accessibility and solar energy systems.

Walls separating townhouse units shall be constructed in accordance with Section R302.2.1 or R302.2.2.

R302.2.1 Double walls. Each townhouse shall be separated by two 1-hour fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies tested in accordance with ASTM E119, UL 263 or Section 703.3 of the California Building Code.

TABLE R301.6 R302.2.2 Common walls. Common walls separating MINIMUM ROOF LIVE LOADS IN POUNDS-FORCE townhouses shall be assigned a fire-resistance rating in PER SQUARE FOOT OF HORIZONTAL PROJECTION

accordance with Item 1 or 2. The common wall shared by

TABLE R301.6 MINIMUM ROOF LIVE LOADS IN POUNDS-FORCE PER SQUARE FOOT OF HORIZONTAL PROJECTION

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m ², 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa,

1 inch per foot = 83.3 mm/m.

The allowable deflection of any structural member under the live load listed in Sections R301.5 and R301.6 or wind loads determined by Section R301.2.1 shall not exceed the values in Table R301.7.

For the purposes of this code, dimensions of lumber specified shall be deemed to be nominal dimensions unless specifically designated as actual dimensions.

Solar energy systems shall comply with the provisions of this section.

BUILDING PLANNING

Solar thermal systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with the California Plumbing Code and the California Fire Code .

Photovoltaic systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections R324.3.1 through R324.7.1 and the California Electrical Code.

R324.3.1 Equipment listings. Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction.

Rooftopmounted photovoltaic panel systems installed on or above the roof covering shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section.

R324.4.1 Structural requirements. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed to structurally support the system and withstand applicable gravity loads in accordance with Chapter 3. The roof on which these systems are installed shall be designed and constructed to support the loads imposed by such systems in accordance with Chapter 8.

R324.4.1.1 Roof load. Portions of roof structures not covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for dead loads and roof loads in accordance with Sections R301.4 and R301.6. Portions of roof structures covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for the following load cases:

1. Dead load (including photovoltaic panel weight) plus snow load in accordance with Table R301.2(1).

2. Dead load (excluding photovoltaic panel weight) plus roof live load or snow load, whichever is greater, in accordance with Section R301.6.

R324.4.1.2 Wind load. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel or module systems and their supports shall be designed and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2(2), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2(3).

R324.4.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the same fire classification as the roof assembly required in Section R902.

R324.4.3 Roof penetrations. Roof penetrations shall be flashed and sealed in accordance with Chapter 9.

Building-integrated photovoltaic systems that serve as roof coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R905.

R324.5.1 Photovoltaic shingles. Photovoltaic shingles shall comply with Section R905.16.

R324.5.2 Fire classification. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.3.

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BUILDING PLANNING

Roof access, pathways and setback requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections R324.6.1 through R324.6.2.1. Access and minimum spacing shall be required to provide emergency access to the roof, to provide pathways to specific areas of the roof, provide for smoke ventilation opportunity areas, and to provide emergency egress from the roof.

Exceptions:

1. Detached, nonhabitable structures, including but not limited to detached garages, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures, shall not be required to provide roof access.

2. Roof access, pathways and setbacks need not be provided where the enforcing agency has determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.

3. These requirements shall not apply to roofs with slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or less.

R324.6.1 Pathways. Not fewer than two pathways, on separate roof planes from lowest roof edge to ridge and not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide, shall be provided on all buildings. Not fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the roof. For each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, a pathway not less than 36 inches wide (914 mm) shall be provided from the lowest roof edge to ridge on the same roof plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane, or straddling the same and adjacent roof planes. Pathways shall be over areas capable of supporting fire fighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be located in areas with minimal obstructions such as vent pipes, conduit, or mechanical equipment.

R324.6.2 Setback at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

R324.6.2.1 Alternative setback at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling in accordance with NFPA 13D or Section P2904, setbacks at ridges shall comply with one of the following:

1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

R324.6.2.2 Emergency escape and rescue opening. Panels and modules installed on dwellings shall not be placed on the portion of a roof that is below an emer

gency escape and rescue opening. A pathway not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide shall be provided to the emergency escape and rescue opening.

Groundmounted photovoltaic systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R301.

R324.7.1 Fire separation distances. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be subject to the fire separation distance requirements determined by the enforcing agency.

R324.7.2 Ground-mounted photovoltaic arrays. Ground mounted photovoltaic arrays shall comply with this sec- tion and the California Electrical Code. Setback require- ments shall not apply to ground-mounted, free-standing photovoltaic arrays. A clear, brush-free area of 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be required for ground-mounted photo- voltaic arrays.

R324.7.3 Locations of DC conductors. Conduit, wiring systems, and raceways for photovoltaic circuits shall be located as close as possible to the ridge or hip or valley and from the hip or valley as directly as possible to an outside wall to reduce trip hazards and maximize venti- lation opportunities. Conduit runs between sub arrays and to DC combiner boxes shall be installed in a manner that minimizes the total amount of conduit on the roof by taking the shortest path from the array to the DC com- biner box. The DC combiner boxes shall be located such that conduit runs are minimized in the pathways between arrays. DC wiring shall be installed in metallic conduit or raceways when located within enclosed spaces in a building. Conduit shall run along the bottom of load bearing members.

Stationary storage battery systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and their listing, if applicable, and shall not be installed within the habitable space of a dwelling unit.

Stationary storage battery systems shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code . Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741 or provided as part of the UL 9540 listing. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction.

Indoor installations of stationary storage battery systems that include batteries that produce hydrogen or other flammable gases during charging shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with the California Mechani- cal Code .

Stationary storage battery systems installed in a location subject to vehicle damage shall be protected by approved barriers.

The means of egress for mezzanines shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section R311.

Mezzanines shall be open and unobstructed to the room in which they are located except for walls not more than 36 inches (914 mm) in height, columns and posts.

Exceptions:

1. Mezzanines or portions thereof are not required to be open to the room in which they are located, provided that the aggregate floor area of the enclosed space is not greater than 10 percent of the mezzanine area.

2. In buildings that are not more than two stories above grade plane and equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section R313, a mezzanine shall not be required to be open to the room in which the mezzanine is located.

A habitable attic shall not be considered a story where complying with all of the following requirements:

1. The occupiable floor area is not less than 70 square feet (17 m ² ), in accordance with Section R304.

2. The occupiable floor area has a ceiling height in accordance with Section R305.

3. The occupiable space is enclosed by the roof assembly above, knee walls (if applicable) on the sides and the floor-ceiling assembly below.

4. The floor of the occupiable space shall not extend beyond the exterior walls of the floor below.

R335.3.1 Limitations six or less clients. Group R-3.1 occupancies where nonambulatory clients are housed above the first story, having more than two stories in height or having more than 3,000 square feet (279 m ² ) of floor area above the first story shall not be of less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.

In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden cli- ent, the client sleeping room shall not be located above or below the first story.

Exception: Clients who become bedridden as a result of a temporary illness as defined in Health and Safety Code Sections 1566.45, 1568.0832 and 1569.72. A tem- porary illness is an illness which persists for 14 days or less. A bedridden client may be retained in excess of the 14 days upon approval by the Department of Social Services and may continue to be housed on any story in a Group R-3.1 occupancy classified as a licensed resi- dential facility.

Every licensee admitting or retaining a bedridden resi- dent shall, within 48 hours of the resident’s admission or retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.

R335.3.2. Buildings housing protective social-care homes or in occupancies housing inmates who are not restrained need not be of one-hour fire-resistive construction when not more than two stories in height. In no case shall indi- vidual floor areas exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m ² ). The fire-resistive protection of the exterior walls shall not be less than one hour where such walls are located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the property line. Openings within such walls are not permitted. Openings in exterior nonrated walls need not be protected.

R335.4.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client shall comply with Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish requirements specified for Group I-2 occupancies in Table 803.11 of the Califor- nia Building Code.

R335.5.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-3.1 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed where required in Section R313.

Exceptions:

1. Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to Group R-3.1 occupancies not housing bedridden clients, not housing nonambulatory clients above the first floor, and not housing clients above the second floor.

2. Existing Group R-3 occupancies converted to Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only one bed- ridden client and complying with Section R335.6.3.3.

3. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113 existing occupancies housing ambulatory children only, none of whom are mentally ill chil- dren or children with intellectual disabilities, and the buildings or portions thereof in which such children are housed are not more than two sto- ries in height, and buildings or portions thereof housing such children have an automatic fire alarm system activated by approved smoke detec- tors.

4. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143.6 existing occupancies licensed for protec- tive social care which house ambulatory clients only, none of whom is a child (under the age of 18 years), or who is elderly (65 years of age or over).

R335.5.2 Smoke alarms in Groups R-3.1 occupancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed where required in Section R314. In addition to the provisions set forth in Section R314 the following shall apply:

1. Smoke alarms shall be provided throughout the hab- itable areas of the dwelling unit except kitchens.

2. Facilities housing a bedridden client:

2.1. Smoke alarms shall receive their primary power from the building wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and shall be equipped with a battery backup.

2.2. Smoke alarms shall be electrically intercon- nected so as to cause all smoke alarms to sound a distinctive alarm signal upon actua- tion of any single smoke alarm. Such alarm signal shall be audible throughout the facil- ity at a minimal level of 15 db above ambient noise level. These devices need not be inter- connected to any other fire alarm device, have a control panel, or be electrically supervised or provided with emergency power.

R335.5.2.1 Audible alarm signal. The audible signal shall be the standard fire alarm evacuation signal, ANSI S3.41 Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal,

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“three pulse temporal pattern,” as described in NFPA 72.

R335.5.2.2 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.5.2.3 of the California Building Code.

R335.5.2.3 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordance with Sec- tions 907.5.2.3.1 through 907.5.2.3.5 of the California Building Codes.

Exceptions:

1. Visible alarm notification appliances are not required in alterations, except where an exist- ing fire alarm system is upgraded or replaced, or a new fire alarm system is installed.

2. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in enclosed exit stairways, exte- rior exit stairs, and exterior exit ramps.

3. Visible alarm notification appliances shall not be required in elevator cars.

R335.5.2.4 Group R-3.1. Protective social care facili- ties which house persons who are hearing impaired, shall be provided with notification appliances for the hearing impaired installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and which shall activated upon initiation of the fire alarm system or the smoke alarms.

Exception: The use of the existing evacuation sig- naling scheme shall be permitted where approved by the enforcing agency.

R335.6.1 General. In addition to the general means of egress requirements of Chapter 10 of the California Build- ing Code, this section shall apply to Group R-3.1 occu- pancies.

R335.6.2 Number of exits.

R335.6.2.1. Group R-3.1 occupancies shall have a min- imum of two exits.

R335.6.3 Egress arrangements.

R335.6.3.1. Egress through adjoining dwelling units shall not be permitted.

R335.6.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing nonam- bulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, bed- rooms used by nonambulatory clients shall have access to at least one of the required exits which shall conform to one of the following:

1. Egress through a hallway or area into a bedroom in the immediate area which has an exit directly to the exterior and the corridor/hallway is con- structed consistent with the dwelling unit interior walls. The hallway shall be separated from com- mon areas by a solid wood door not less than 1 ³ /8 inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-clos- ing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 716.5.9 of the California Building Code.

BUILDING PLANNING

2. Egress through a hallway which has an exit directly to the exterior. The hallway shall be sep- arated from the rest of the house by a wall con- structed consistent with the dwelling unit interior walls and opening protected by a solid wood door not less than 1 ³ /8 inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 716.5.9 of the Cali- fornia Building Code.

3. Direct exit from the bedroom to the exterior, such doors shall be of a size as to permit the installa- tion of a door not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. When installed, doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that the clear width of the exit way is not less than 32 inches (813 mm).

4. Egress through an adjoining bedroom which exits to the exterior.

R335.6.3.3 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only one bedridden client. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client and not provided with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, all of the fol- lowing shall apply:

1. In Group R-3.1 Occupancies housing a bedrid- den client, a direct exit to the exterior of the resi- dence shall be provided from the client sleeping room.

2. Doors to a bedridden client’s sleeping room shall be of a self-closing, positive latching 1 ³ /8 inch solid wood door. Such doors shall be provided with a gasket so installed as to provide a seal where the door meets the jam on both sides and across the top. Doors shall be maintained self- closing or shall be automatic closing by actua- tion of a smoke detector in accordance with Sec- tion 716.5.9 of the California Building Code.

closing, positive latching 1_ ³ /8 inch solid wood door. Such doors shall be provided with a gasket so installed as to provide a seal where the door meets the jam on both sides and across the top. Doors shall be maintained self- closing or shall be automatic closing by actua- tion of a smoke detector in accordance with Sec- tion 716.5.9 of the California Building Code.

3. Group R-3.1 Occupancies housing a bedridden client, shall not have a night latch, dead bolt, security chain or any similar locking device installed on any interior door leading from a bed- ridden client’s sleeping room to any interior area such as a corridor, hallway and or general use areas of the residence in accordance with Chap- ter 10 of the California Building Code.

4. The exterior exit door to a bedridden client’s sleeping room shall be operable from both the interior and exterior of the residence.

5. Every required exit doorway from a bedridden client sleeping room shall be of a size as to per- mit the installation of a door not less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so

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BUILDING PLANNING

mounted that the clear width of the exit way is not less than 32 inches (813 mm).

Note: A sliding glass door can be used as an exte- rior exit doorway as long as it is operable from the inside and outside and the clear width of the exit way is not less than 32 inches (813 mm).

R335.6.3.4 Intervening rooms. A means of exit shall not pass through more than one intervening room. A means of egress shall not pass through kitchens, store- rooms, closets, garages or spaces used for similar pur- poses.

Exception: Kitchens which do not form separate rooms by construction.

R335.6.4 Changes in level. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing nonambulatory clients interior changes in level up to 0.25 inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment. Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50% slope). Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.

cupancies_ housing nonambulatory clients interior changes in level up to 0.25 inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment. Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50% slope). Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.

R335.6.5 Stairways. Group R-3.1 occupancies may con- tinue to use existing stairways (except for winding and spi- ral stairways which are not permitted as a required means of egress) provided the stairs have a maximum rise of 8 inches (203 mm) with a minimum run of 9 inches (229 mm). The minimum stairway width may be 30 inches (762 mm).

R335.6.6 Floor separation. Group R-3.1 occupancies with non-ambulatory clients housed above the first floor shall be provided with a non-fire resistance constructed floor separation at stairs which will prevent smoke migration between floors. Such floor separation shall have equiva- lent construction of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard on one side of wall framing.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies with at least one exterior exit from floors occupied by clients.

2. Occupancies provided with automatic fire sprin- kler systems complying with Chapter 9.

R335.6.6.1 Doors within floor separations. Doors within such floor separations shall be tight fitting solid wood at least 1 ³ /8 inches (35 mm) in thickness. Door glazing shall not exceed 1296 square inches (32 918 mm ² ) with no dimension greater than 54 inches (1372 mm). Such doors shall be positive latching, smoke gas- keted and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detec- tion.

R335.6.7 Fences and gates. Grounds of a Residential Care for the Elderly facility serving Alzheimer clients may be fenced and gates therein equipped with locks, provided safe dispersal areas are located not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the buildings. Dispersal areas shall be sized to provide an area of not less than 3 square feet (0.28 m ² )

per occupant. Gates shall not be installed across corridors or passageways leading to such dispersal areas unless they comply with egress requirements.

R335.6.8 Basement exits. One exit is required to grade level when the basement is accessible to clients.

R335.6.9 Delayed egress locks. See Section 1010.1.9.7 of the California Building Code.

ties housing bedridden clients. Request for alternate means of protection shall apply to Sections R335 through R335.7. Request for approval to use an alternative material, assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment, or means of protection shall be made in writing to the local fire authority having jurisdiction by the facility, client or the client’s authorized representative. Sufficient evidence shall be submitted to substantiate the need for an alternate means of protection.

The facility, client or the client’s representative or the local fire authority having jurisdiction may request a written opinion from the State Fire Marshal concerning the interpretation of the regulations promulgated by the State Fire Marshal for a particular factual dispute. The State Fire Marshal shall issue the written opinion within 45 days following the request.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material, assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction, method of installation of equipment, or means of protection made pursuant to this section shall be limited to Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client.

Approvals made by the local fire authority having jurisdic- tion and the written opinion by the State Fire Marshal shall be applicable only to the requesting facility and shall not be construed as establishing any precedent for any future request by that facility or any other facility.

Clients who become temporarily bedridden as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 1569.72, as enforced by the Department of Social Services, may continue to be housed on any story in Group R- 3.1 occupancies classified as Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE). Every Residential Care Facility for the Elderly (RCFE) admitting or retaining a bedridden resident shall, within 48 hours of the resident's admission or retention in the facility, notify the local fire authority with jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the resident will retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.

Buildings housing protective social-care homes or in occupancies housing inmates who are not restrained need not be of one-hour fire-resistive construction when not more than two stories in height. In no case shall individual floor areas exceed 3,000 square feet (279 m ² ). The fire-resistive protection of the exterior walls shall not be less than one hour where such walls are located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the property line. Openings within such walls are not permitted. Openings in exterior nonrated walls need not be protected.

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The electrical supply circuit to electrically powered mechanical ventilation equipment shall be interlocked with the recharging equipment used to supply the vehicle(s) being charged, and shall remain energized during the entire charging cycle. Electric vehicle recharging equipment shall be marked or labeled in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Exhaust ventilation shall not be required in areas with an approved engineered ventilation system, which maintains a hydrogen gas concentration at less than 25 percent of the lower flammability limit.

2. Mechanical exhaust ventilation for hydrogen shall not be required where the charging equipment uti- lized is installed and listed for indoor charging of electric vehicles without ventilation.