Chapter 4 — PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
409.4 Limitation of Hot Water Temperature in Bath-
California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5) · 2025 edition · updated 2026-09-10 · California
Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.
tubs and Whirlpool Bathtubs. The maximum hot water temperature discharging from the bathtub and whirlpool bathtub filler shall be limited to 120°F (49°C). The maximum temperature shall be regulated by one of the following means:
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Shower receptors shall have the subfloor and rough side of walls to a height of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) above the top of the finished dam or threshold shall be first lined with sheet plastic, lead, or copper, or shall be lined with other durable and watertight materials. Showers that are provided with a built in place, permanent seat or seating area that is located within the shower enclosure, shall be first lined with sheet plastic, lead, copper, or shall be lined with other durable and watertight materials that extend not less than 3 inches (76 mm) above horizontal surfaces of the seat or the seating area. Lining materials shall be pitched [1] ⁄ 4 inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) to weep holes in the subdrain of a smooth and solidly formed subbase. Such lining materials shall extend upward on the rough jambs of the shower opening to a point not less than 3 inches (76 mm) above the horizontal surfaces of the seat or the seating area, the top of the finished dam or threshold and shall extend outward over the top of the permanent seat, permanent seating area, or rough threshold and be turned over and fastened on the outside face of both the permanent seat, permanent seating area, or rough threshold and the jambs. Nonmetallic shower subpans or linings shall be permitted to be built up on the job site of not less than three layers of standard grade 15 pound (6.8 kg) asphalt impregnated roofing felt. The bottom layer shall be fitted to the formed subbase and each succeeding layer thoroughly hot-mopped to that below. Corners shall be carefully fitted and shall be made strong and watertight by folding or lapping, and each corner shall be reinforced with suitable webbing hot-mopped in place. Folds, laps, and reinforcing webbing shall extend not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in all directions from the corner, and webbing shall be of approved type and mesh, producing a tensile strength of not less than 50 pounds per square foot (lb/ft [2] ) (244 kg/m [2] ) in either direction. Nonmetallic shower subpans or linings shall be permitted to consist of multilayers of other approved equivalent materials suitably reinforced and carefully fitted in place on the job site as elsewhere required in this section.
er, and webbing shall be of approved type and mesh, producing a tensile strength of not less than 50 pounds per square foot (lb/ft [2] ) (244 kg/m [2] ) in either direction. Nonmetallic shower subpans or linings shall be permitted to consist of multilayers of other approved equivalent materials suitably reinforced and carefully fitted in place on the job site as elsewhere required in this section.
Linings shall be properly recessed and fastened to the approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for the wall covering, and shall not be nailed or perforated at a point that is less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the finished dam or threshold. An approved type subdrain shall be installed with a shower subpan or lining. Each such subdrain shall be of the type that sets flush with the subbase and shall be equipped with a clamping ring or other device to make a tight connection between the lining and the drain. The subdrain shall have weep holes into the waste line. The weep holes located in the subdrain clamping ring shall be protected from clogging. 408.8.1 PVC Sheets. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall conform to ASTM D4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent cementing in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
408.8.2 Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheets. Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheets shall conform to ASTM D4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
408.8.3 Sheet Lead. Sheet lead shall weigh not less than 4 lb/ft [2] (19.5 kg/m [2] ) and shall be coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
411.2.1 Dual Flush Water Closets. Dual flush water closets shall comply with ASME A112.19.14. The effective flush volume for dual flush water closets shall be defined as the composite, average flush volume of two reduced flushes and one full flush.
411.2.2 Flushometer Valve Activated Water Clos-
ets. Flushometer valve activated water closets shall have a maximum flush volume of 1.28 gallons ( 4.8 Lpf) of water per flush.
411.2.2.1 Flushometer Valve Activated Water Closets. [BSC-CG & DSA-SS] Flushometer valve activated water closets shall have a maximum flush volume of 1.28 gallons (4.8 L) per flush in accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
411.2.3 Performance. [HCD 1 & HCD 2] Water clos- ets installed in residential occupancies shall meet or exceed the minimum performance criteria developed for certification of high-efficiency toilets under the WaterSense program sponsored by the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency (EPA).
411.2.4 Water Closets. [BSC-CG & DSA-SS] The effective flush volume of all water closets shall not exceed 1.28 gallons (4.8 L) per flush. Tank-type water closets shall be certified to the performance criteria of the U.S. EPA WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilets in compliance with Chapter 5, Division 5.3. of the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen).
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Ask AI about this code▸Contents — California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5)
- Chapter 1 — GENERAL CODE PROVISIONS
- Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS
- Chapter 3 — GENERAL REGULATIONS
▸Chapter 4 — PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Overview- 401.1 Applicability. This chapter shall govern the materials
- 401.2 Quality of Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be construc…
- 401.3 Water-Conserving Fixtures and Fittings.
- 402.1 Cleaning. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed in a
- 402.2 Joints. Where a fixture comes in contact with the wall
- 402.3 Securing Fixtures. Floor-outlet or floor-mounted
- 402.4 Wall-Hung Fixtures. Wall-hung fixtures shall be
- 402.5 Setting. Fixtures shall be set level and in proper align…
- 402.6 Flanged Fixture Connections. Fixture connections between…
- 402.7 Supply Fittings. The supply lines and fittings for
- 402.8 Installation. Fixtures shall be installed in accordance
- 402.9 Design and Installation of Plumbing Fixtures.
- 402.10 Slip Joint Connections. Fixtures having concealed slip …
- 402.11 Future Fixtures. Where provisions are made for the
- 403.1 General. Where accessible facilities are required in
- 403.2 Fixtures and Fixture Fittings for Persons with
- 403.3 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Water supply and
- 404.1 Waste Fittings. Waste fittings shall comply with
- 404.2 Overflows. Where a fixture is provided with an overflow,…
- 405.1 Prohibited Water Closets. Water closets having an
- 405.2 Prohibited Urinals. Trough urinals and urinals with
- 405.3 Miscellaneous Fixtures. Fixed wooden, or tile wash
- 406.1 Water and Waste Connections. Baptisteries, ornamental an…
- 406.2 Special Use Sinks. Restaurant kitchen and other
- 406.3 Special Use Fixtures. Special use fixtures shall be
- 406.4 Zinc Alloy Components. Zinc alloy components
- 407.1 Application. Lavatories shall comply with ASME
- 407.2 Water Consumption. The maximum water flow rate
- 407.3 Limitation of Hot Water Temperature for Public
- 407.4 Transient Public Lavatories. Self-closing or metering fa…
- 407.5 Waste Outlet. Lavatories shall have a waste outlet
- 407.6 Overflow. Where overflows are provided, they shall
- 408.1 Application. Manufactured shower receptors and
- 408.2 Tileable Shower Receptors. Tileable shower receptors and…
- 408.3 Water Consumption. Showerheads shall have a «
- 408.6 Finished Curb or Threshold. Where a shower
- 408.7 Shower Compartments. Shower compartments
- 408.8 Lining for Showers and Receptors. Shower
- 408.4 Individual Shower and Tub-Shower Combina-
- 408.5 Waste Outlet. Showers shall have a waste outlet and
- 408.9 Public Shower Floors. Floors of public shower
- 408.10 Location of Valves and Heads. Control valves
- 408.11 Water Supply Riser. A water supply riser from the
- 409.1 Application. Bathtubs shall comply with ASME
- 409.2 Waste Outlet. Bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs shall
- 409.3 Overflow. Where overflows are provided, they shall
- 409.4 Limitation of Hot Water Temperature in Bath-
- 411.3 Water Closet Seats. Water closet seats shall be properly…
- 411.4 Personal Hygiene Devices. Water closets with
- 412.1 Application. Urinals shall comply with ASME
- 409.5 Backflow Protection. The water supply to a bathtub
- 409.6 Installation and Access. Bathtubs and whirlpool
- 410.1 Application. Bidets shall comply with ASME
- 410.2 Backflow Protection. The water supply to the bidet
- 410.3 Limitation of Water Temperature in Bidets. The
- 411.1 Application. Water closets shall comply with ASME
- 411.2 Water Consumption. The effective flush volume of
- 412.2 Backflow Protection. A water supply to a urinal
- 413.1 Where Required. Each water closet, urinal, clinical
- 413.2 Flushometer Valves. Flushometer valves and
- 413.3 Flush Tanks. Flush tanks for manual flushing shall
- 413.4 Water Supply for Flush Tanks. An adequate quantity of wa…
- 413.5 Overflows in Flush Tanks. Flush tanks shall be provided …
- 414.1 Application. Domestic dishwashing machines shall
- 414.2 Backflow Protection. The water supply connection
- 414.3 Drainage Connection. Domestic dishwashing
- 414.4 Lead Content. Dishwashing machines shall comply
- 415.1 Application. Drinking fountains shall be self-closing
- 415.2 Drinking Fountain Alternatives. Where food is
- 415.3 Drainage Connection. Drinking fountains shall be
- 415.4 Location. Drinking fountains shall not be installed in
- 416.1 Application. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shal…
- 416.2 Water Supply. Emergency eyewash and shower
- 416.3 Installation. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment sha…
- 416.4 Location. Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall b…
- 416.5 Drain. A drain shall not be required for emergency
- 417.1 Application. Faucets and fixture fittings shall comply
- 417.2 Deck Mounted Bath/Shower Valves. Deck
- 417.3 Handheld Showers. Handheld showers shall comply
- 417.4 Faucets and Fixture Fittings with Hose Con-
- 417.5 Separate Controls for Hot and Cold Water.
- 417.6 Low-Pressure Water Dispenser. Beverage faucets
- 417.7 Head Shampoo Sink Faucets. Head shampoo sink
- 417.8 Footbaths and Pedicure Baths. The water supplied to spec…
- 418.1 Application. Floor drains shall comply with ASME
- 418.2 Strainer. Floor drains shall be considered plumbing
- 418.3 Location of Floor Drains. Floor drains shall be
- 418.4 Food Storage Areas. Where drains are provided in
- 418.5 Floor Slope. Floors shall be sloped to floor drains.
- 419.1 Application. Food waste disposal units shall comply
- 419.2 Drainage Connection. Approved wye or other
- 419.3 Water Supply. A cold water supply shall be provided
- 420.1 Application. Sinks shall comply with ASME
- 420.2 Water Consumption. Sink faucets shall have a maximum flo…
- 420.3 Pre-Rinse Spray Valve. Commercial food service
- 420.4 Waste Outlet. Kitchen and laundry sinks shall have
- 421.1 Application. Floor sinks shall comply with ASME
- 421.2 Strainers. The waste outlet of a floor sink shall be
- 422.1 Fixture Count. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided
- 422.3 Fixture Requirements for Special Occupancies.
- 422.4 Toilet Facilities Serving Employees and Cus-
- 422.2 Separate Facilities. Separate toilet facilities shall
- 422.5 Toilet Facilities for Workers. Toilet facilities shall
- 422.6 Water Closet Compartment. Public water closets
- 422.7 Urinal Partitions. Each urinal shall be separated with
- 422.8 Cosmetology. [CA] Each school shall provide pub-
- 422.9 Cosmetology Establishments. [CA] Each estab-
- 422.10 Commissaries Serving Mobile Food Prepara-
- 422.11 Employee Lavatories in Food Establishments.
- Chapter 5 — WATER HEATERS
- Chapter 6 — WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
- Chapter 7 — SANITARY DRAINAGE
- Chapter 8 — INDIRECT WASTES
- Chapter 9 — VENTS
- Chapter 10 — TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS
- Chapter 11 — STORM DRAINAGE
- Chapter 12 — FUEL GAS PIPING
- Chapter 13 — HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND MEDICAL GAS AND MEDICA…
- Chapter 14 — FIRESTOP PROTECTION
- Chapter 15 — ALTERNATE WATER SOURCES FOR NONPOTABLE APPLICATIONS
- Chapter 16 — NONPOTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS
- Chapter 17 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
- Appendix A — RECOMMENDED RULES FOR SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYS…
- Appendix B — EXPLANATORY NOTES ON COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT S…
- Appendix C — ALTERNATE PLUMBING SYSTEMS
- Appendix D — SIZING STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
- Appendix E — MANUFACTURED/MOBILE HOME PARKS AND RECREATIONAL V…
- Appendix F — FIREFIGHTER BREATHING AIR REPLENISHMENT SYSTEMS
- Appendix G — SIZING OF VENTING SYSTEMS
- Appendix H — PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
- Appendix I — INSTALLATION STANDARDS
- Appendix J — COMBINATION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR COMBUSTION AND …
- Appendix K — POTABLE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS
- Appendix L — SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
- Appendix M — PEAK WATER DEMAND CALCULATOR
- Appendix N — IMPACT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON THE POTENTIAL FOR …
- Appendix O — NON-SEWERED SANITATION SYSTEMS
- Appendix P — PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
- Appendix Q — INDOOR HORTICULTURAL FACILITIES
- Appendix R — TINY HOUSES
- Appendix S — ONSITE STORMWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS