Chapter 12 — FUEL GAS PIPING

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

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CHAPTER 12

FUEL GAS PIPING

govern the installation of fuel gas piping in or in connection with a building, structure or within the property lines of premises up to 5 pounds-force per square inch (psi) (34 kPa) for natural gas and 10 psi (69 kPa) for undiluted propane, other than service pipe. Fuel oil piping systems connected to oil- burning equipment shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 31. Fuel oil piping systems connected to internal com- bustion engines and gas turbines shall be installed in accor- dance with NFPA 37.

from the point of delivery to the appliance connections. For other than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas) systems, the point of delivery shall be the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of the service regulator or service shutoff valve where no meter is provided. For undiluted LP-Gas systems, the point of delivery shall be considered to be the outlet of the final pressure regulator, exclusive of line gas regulators where no meter is installed. Where a meter is installed, the point of delivery shall be the outlet of the meter.

[NFPA 54:1.1.1.1(A)]

piping systems shall include design, materials, components, fabrication, assembly, installation, testing, inspection, operation, and maintenance. [NFPA 54:1.1.1.1(E)]

following items:

(1) Portable LP-Gas appliances and equipment of all types that are not connected to a fixed fuel piping system.

(2) Installation of appliances such as brooders, dehydrators, dryers, and irrigation equipment used for agricultural

purposes.

(3) Raw material (feedstock) applications except for piping to special atmosphere generators.

(4) Oxygen-fuel gas cutting and welding systems.

(5) Industrial gas applications using such gases as acetylene and acetylenic compounds, hydrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and nitrogen.

(6) Petroleum refineries, pipeline compressor or pumping stations, loading terminals, compounding plants, refinery tank farms, and natural gas processing plants.

(7) Large integrated chemical plants or portions of such plants where flammable or combustible liquids or gases are produced by chemical reactions or used in chemical reactions.

(8) LP-Gas installations at utility gas plants.

(9) Liquefied natural gas (LNG) installations.

(10)Fuel gas piping in electric utility power plants.

(11)Proprietary items of equipment, apparatus, or instruments such as gas-generating sets, compressors, and calorimeters.

(12)LP-Gas equipment for vaporization, gas mixing, and gas manufacturing.

(13)LP-Gas piping for buildings under construction or renovations that is not to become part of the permanent building piping system—that is, temporary fixed piping for building heat.

(14)Installation of LP-Gas systems for railroad switch heating.

(15)Installation of LP-Gas and compressed natural gas (CNG) systems on vehicles.

(16)Gas piping, meters, gas pressure regulators, and other appurtenances used by the serving gas supplier in distribution of gas, other than undiluted LP-Gas.

(17)Building design and construction, except as specified herein.

(18)Fuel gas systems on recreational vehicles manufactured in accordance with NFPA 1192.

(19)Fuel gas systems using hydrogen as a fuel.

(20)Construction of appliances. {NFPA 54:1.1.1.2}

installation, alteration, or repair of gas piping, and prior to the use thereof, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be notified that such gas piping is ready for inspection.

Excavations required for the installation of underground piping shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected and approved. Where such piping is covered or concealed before such approval, it shall be exposed upon the direction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall make the following inspections and either shall approve that portion of the work as completed or shall notify the permit holder wherein the same fails to be in accordance with this code.

1203.3.1 Rough Piping Inspection. This inspection shall be made after gas piping authorized by the permit has been installed and before such piping has been covered or concealed or fixture or appliance has been attached thereto. This inspection shall include a determination that the gas piping size, material, and installation meet the requirements of this code.

1203.3.2 Final Piping Inspection. This inspection shall be made after piping authorized by the permit has been installed, and after portions, thereof that are to be covered or concealed are so concealed, and before fixture, appliance, or shutoff valve has been attached thereto.

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FUEL GAS PIPING

This inspection shall comply with Section 1213.1. Test gauges used in conducting tests shall be in accordance with Section 318.0.

authorized by the permit consists of a minor installation of additional piping to piping already connected to a gas meter, the preceding inspections shall be permitted to be waived at the discretion of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. In this event, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall make such inspection as deemed advisable to be assured that the work has been performed in accordance with the intent of this code.

installation is found to be in accordance with the provisions of this code, a certificate of inspection shall be permitted to be issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

piping inspection shall be issued to the serving gas supplier supplying gas to the premises.

It shall be unlawful for a serving gas supplier, or person is furnishing gas, to turn on or cause to be turned on, a fuel gas or a gas meter or meters, until such certificate of final inspection, as herein provided, has been issued.

person, firm, or corporation, excepting an authorized agent or employee of a person, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of furnishing or supplying gas and whose service pipes supply or connect with the particular premises, to turn on or reconnect gas service in or on a premises where and when gas service is, at the time, not being rendered.

in or on the premises unless outlets are securely connected to gas appliances or capped or plugged with screw joint fittings.

or the serving gas supplier is hereby authorized to disconnect gas piping or appliance or both that shall be found not to be in accordance with the requirements of this code or that are found defective and in such condition as to endanger life or property.

notice shall be attached to such gas piping or appliance or both that shall state the same has been disconnected, together with the reasons thereof.

disconnect gas piping or gas appliance without capping or plugging with a screw joint fitting, the outlet from which said pipe or appliance was removed. Outlets to which gas appliances are not connected shall be left capped and gastight on a piping system that has been installed, altered, or repaired.

Exception: Where an approved listed quick-disconnect device is used.

the Authority Having Jurisdiction deems the use necessary, a permit shall be permitted to be issued for such use for a period not to exceed that designated by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, provided that such gas piping system otherwise is in accordance with the requirements of this code regarding material, sizing, and safety.

Components.

by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, a piping sketch or plan shall be prepared before proceeding with the installation. The plan shall show the proposed location of piping, the size of different branches, the various load demands, and the location of the point of delivery. [NFPA 54:5.1.1] 1208.1.1 Addition to Existing System. When additional appliances are being connected to a gas piping system, the existing piping shall be checked to determine whether it has adequate capacity. If the capacity of the system is determined to be inadequate for the additional appliances, the existing system shall be enlarged as required, or separate gas piping of adequate capacity shall be provided. [NFPA 54:5.1.2]

Where two or more meters, or two or more service regulators where meters are not provided, are located on the same premises and supply separate users, the gas piping systems shall not be interconnected on the outlet side of the meters or service regulators. [NFPA 54:5.2.1] 1208.2.1 Interconnections for Standby Fuels. Where a supplementary gas for standby use is connected downstream from a meter or a service regulator where a meter is not provided, equipment to prevent backflow shall be installed. A three-way valve installed to admit the standby supply and at the same time shut off the regular supply shall be permitted to be used for this purpose.

[NFPA 54:5.2.2.1 – 5.2.2.2]

Gas piping systems shall be of such size and so installed as to provide a supply of gas sufficient to meet the maximum demand and supply gas to each appliance inlet at not less than the minimum supply pressure required by the appliance. [NFPA 54:5.3.1]

1208.3.1 Maximum Gas Demand. The volumetric flow rate of gas to be provided shall be the sum of the maximum input of the appliances served. The volumetric flow rate of gas to be provided shall be adjusted for altitude where the installation is above 2000 feet (610 m). [NFPA 54:5.3.2.1 – 5.3.2.2] Where the input rating is not indicated, the gas supplier, appliance manufacturer, or a qualified agency shall be contacted, or the rating from Table 1208.3.1 shall be used for estimating the volumetric flow rate of gas to be supplied.

The total connected hourly load shall be used as the basis for piping sizing, assuming all appliances are operating at full capacity simultaneously.

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FUEL GAS PIPING

the inlet connection of all appliances served shall be such that the supply pressure at each appliance inlet is greater than or equal to the minimum pressure required by the appliance. [NFPA 54:5.3.4]

The maximum operating pressure for any piping systems located inside buildings shall not exceed 5 psi (34 kPa) unless one or more of the following conditions are met:

(1) The piping joints are welded or brazed.

(2) The piping is joined by fittings listed to ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32 and installed according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(3) The piping joints are flanged and all pipe-to-flange connections are made by welding or brazing.

(4) The piping is located in a ventilated chase or otherwise enclosed for protection against accidental gas accumulation.

(5) The piping is located inside buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for one of the following:

(a) Industrial processing or heating

(b) Research

(c) Warehousing

(d) Boiler or mechanical rooms

(6) The piping is a temporary installation for buildings under construction.

(7) The piping serves appliances or equipment used for agricultural purposes.

(8) The piping system is an LP-Gas piping system with an operating pressure greater than 20 psi (138 kPa) and complies with NFPA 58. [NFPA 54:5.4.4]

1208.4.1 LP-Gas Systems Operating Below -5°F (-21°C). LP-Gas systems designed to operate below 5°F (-21°C) or with butane or a propane-butane mix shall be designed to either accommodate liquid LP-Gas or to prevent LP-Gas vapor from condensing back into a liquid. [NFPA 54:5.4.5]

Methods. Materials used for piping systems shall comply with the requirements of Section 1208.5.1 through Section 1208.5.6.3. {NFPA 54:5.5.1.1}

1208.5.1 Used Materials. Pipe, fittings, valves, or other materials shall not be used again unless they are free of foreign materials and have been ascertained to be adequate for the service intended. [NFPA 54:5.5.1.2]

1208.5.2 Metallic Pipe. Metallic pipe shall be in accordance with the Section 1208.5.2.1 through Section 1208.5.2.4.

1208.5.2.1 Cast Iron. Cast-iron pipe shall not be used. [NFPA 54:5.5.2.1]

1208.5.2.2 Steel, Stainless Steel, and Wrought- Iron Pipe. Steel, stainless steel, and wrought-iron pipe shall be at least Schedule 40 and shall comply

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Exception: Sizing shall be permitted to be based upon established load diversity factors. [NFPA 54:5.3.2.3]

TABLE 1208.3.1

APPROXIMATE GAS INPUT FOR

TYPICAL APPLIANCES

[NFPA 54: TABLE A.5.3.2.1]

For SI units: 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW

1208.3.2 Sizing Methods. Gas piping shall be sized in accordance with one of the following:

(1) Pipe sizing tables or sizing equations in this chap ter.

(2) Sizing tables included in a listed piping system manufacturer’s installation instructions.

(3) Engineering methods. [NFPA 54:5.3.3]

1208.3.3 Allowable Pressure Drop. The design pressure loss in a piping system from the point of delivery to

TABLE 1208.3.1

APPROXIMATE GAS INPUT FOR

TYPICAL APPLIANCES

[NFPA 54: TABLE A.5.3.2.1]

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For SI units: 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW

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FUEL GAS PIPING

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1208.5.4 Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings. Polyethylene plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings used to supply fuel gas shall conform to ASTM D2513. Pipe to be used shall be marked “gas” and “ASTM D2513.” Polyamide pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be identified in and conform to ASTM F2945. Pipe to be used shall be marked “gas” and “ASTM F2945.” Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings shall not be used to supply fuel gas. [NFPA 54:5.5.4.1.1 – 5.5.4.1.3]

1208.5.5 Regulator Vent Piping. Plastic pipe and fittings used to connect regulator vents to remote vent terminations shall be PVC (Schedule 40 and 80). PVC vent piping shall not be installed indoors. {NFPA 54:5.5.4.2}

1208.5.6 Anodeless Risers. Anodeless risers shall

comply with Section 1208.5.6.1 through Section 1208.5.6.3.

1208.5.6.1 Factory-Assembled Anodeless Risers. Factory-assembled anodeless risers shall be recommended by the manufacturer for the gas used and shall be leak tested by the manufacturer in accordance with written procedures. [NFPA 54:5.5.4.3(1)]

1208.5.6.2 Service Head Adapters and Field- Assembled Anodeless Risers. Service head

adapters and field-assembled anodeless risers incorporating service head adapters shall be recommended by the manufacturer for the gas used and shall be design-certified to meet the requirements of Category I of ASTM D2513 and 49 CFR 192.281(e). The manufacturer shall provide the user qualified installation instructions as prescribed by 49 CFR 192.283(b).

[NFPA 54:5.5.4.3(2)]

1208.5.6.3 Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Piping. The use of plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings in undiluted LP-Gas piping systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 58. [NFPA 54:5.5.4.3(3)]

1208.5.7 Workmanship and Defects. Gas pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be clear and free from cutting burrs and defects in structure or threading and shall be thoroughly brushed and chip and scale blown. Defects in pipe, tubing, and fittings shall not be repaired. Defective pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be replaced. [NFPA 54:5.5.5]

1208.5.8 Metallic Pipe Threads. Metallic pipe and fitting threads shall be taper pipe threads and shall comply with ASME B1.20.1. [NFPA 54:5.5.6.1]

1208.5.8.1 Damaged Threads. Pipe with threads that are stripped, chipped, corroded, or otherwise damaged shall not be used. Where a weld opens during the operation of cutting or threading, that portion of the pipe shall not be used. [NFPA 54:5.5.6.2]

1208.5.8.2 Number of Threads. Field threading of metallic pipe shall be in accordance with Table 1208.5.8.2. [NFPA 54:5.5.6.3]

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with the dimensional standards of ASME B36.10M

and one of the following:

(1) ASTM A53

(2) ASTM A106

(3) ASTM A312 {NFPA 54:5.5.2.2}

1208.5.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloy Pipe. Copper and copper alloy pipe shall not be used if the gas contains more than an average of 0.3 grains of hydrogen sulfide per 100 standard cubic feet (scf) of gas (0.7 mg/100 L).

Threaded copper, copper alloy, or aluminum alloy pipe shall not be used with gases corrosive to such material. [NFPA 54:5.5.2.3 – 5.5.2.4]

1208.5.2.4 Aluminum Alloy Pipe. Aluminum alloy pipe shall comply with ASTM B241 (except that the use of alloy 5456 is prohibited), and shall be marked at each end of each length indicating compliance. Aluminum alloy pipe shall be coated to protect against external corrosion where it is in contact with masonry, plaster, or insulation or is subject to repeated wettings by such liquids as water, detergents, or sewage. [NFPA 54:5.5.2.5]

Aluminum alloy pipe shall not be used in exterior locations or underground. [NFPA 54:5.5.2.6]

1208.5.3 Metallic Tubing. Tubing shall not be used with gases corrosive to the tubing material. [NFPA 54:5.5.3.1]

1208.5.3.1 Steel Tubing. Steel tubing shall comply with ASTM A254. [NFPA 54:5.5.3.2]

1208.5.3.2 Stainless Steel. Stainless steel tub ing shall comply with one of the following:

(1) ASTM A268

(2) ASTM A269 [NFPA 54:5.5.3.3]

1208.5.3.3 Copper and Copper Alloy Tubing. Copper and copper alloy tubing shall not be used if the gas contains more than an average of 0.3 grains of hydrogen sulfide per 100 scf of gas (0.7 mg/100 L). Copper tubing shall comply with standard Type K or Type L of ASTM B88 or ASTM B280. [NFPA 54:5.5.3.4]

1208.5.3.4 Aluminum Alloy Tubing. Aluminum alloy tubing shall comply with ASTM B210 or ASTM B241. Aluminum alloy tubing shall be coated to protect against external corrosion where it is in contact with masonry, plaster, or insulation or is subject to repeated wettings by such liquids as water, detergent, or sewage. Aluminum alloy tubing shall not be used in exterior locations or under ground. [NFPA 54:5.5.3.5]

1208.5.3.5 Corrugated Stainless Steel Tub- ing. Corrugated stainless steel tubing shall be listed in accordance with CSA/ANSI LC 1/CSA 6.26.

[NFPA 54:5.5.3.6]

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FUEL GAS PIPING

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For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

1208.5.8.3 Thread Joint Sealing. Threaded joints shall be made using a thread joint sealing material.

[NFPA 54:5.5.6.4.1]

Thread joint sealing materials shall be compatible with the pipe and fitting material on which the compounds are used. [NFPA 54:5.5.6.4.2]

Thread joint sealing materials shall be resistant to the chemical constituents of the gases to be conducted through the piping. {NFPA 54:5.5.6.4.3}

1208.5.9 Metallic Piping Joints and Fittings. The type of piping joint used shall be suitable for the pressure and temperature conditions and shall be selected giving consideration to joint tightness and mechanical strength under the service conditions. The joint shall be able to sustain the maximum end force due to the internal pressure and any additional forces due to temperature expansion or contraction, vibration, fatigue, or the weight of the pipe and its contents. [NFPA 54:5.5.7]

1208.5.9.1 Pipe Joints. Schedule 40 and heavier pipe joints shall be threaded, flanged, brazed, welded, or assembled with press-connect fittings listed to ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32.

(1) Where nonferrous pipe is brazed, the brazing materials shall have a melting point in excess of 1000°F (538°C).

(2) Brazing alloys shall not contain more than 0.05 percent phosphorus. {NFPA 54:5.5.7.1} 1208.5.9.2 Copper Tubing Joints. Copper tubing joints shall be assembled with approved gas tubing fittings, shall be brazed with a material having a melting point in excess of 1000°F (538°C), or shall be assembled with press-connect fittings listed to ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32. Brazing alloys shall not contain more than 0.05 percent phosphorus. [NFPA 54:5.5.7]

1208.5.9.3 Stainless Steel Tubing Joints. Stainless steel joints shall be welded, assembled with approved tubing fittings, brazed with a material hav

TABLE 1208.5.8.2

SPECIFICATIONS FOR THREADING METALLIC PIPE

[NFPA 54: TABLE 5.5.6.3]

ing a melting point in excess of 1000°F (538°C), or assembled with press-connect fittings listed to ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32. Brazing alloys and fluxes shall be recommended by the manufacturer for use on stainless steel alloys. [NFPA 54:5.5.7.3]

1208.5.9.4 Flared Joints. Flared joints shall be used only in systems constructed from nonferrous pipe and tubing where experience or tests have demonstrated that the joint is suitable for the conditions and where provisions are made in the design to prevent separation of the joints. [NFPA 54:5.5.7.4]

1208.5.9.5 Metallic Pipe Fittings. Metallic fittings shall comply with the following:

(1) Threaded fittings in sizes larger than 4 inches (100 mm) shall not be used.

(2) Fittings used with steel, stainless steel, or wrought-iron pipe shall be steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, malleable iron, or cast iron.

(3) Fittings used with copper or copper alloy pipe shall be copper or copper alloy.

(4) Fittings used with aluminum alloy pipe shall be aluminum alloy.

(5) Cast-iron fittings shall comply with the following:

(a) Flanges shall be permitted.

(b) Bushings shall not be used.

(c) Fittings shall not be used in systems containing flammable gas-air mixtures.

(d) Fittings in sizes 4 inches (100 mm) and larger shall not be used indoors unless approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(e) Fittings in sizes 6 inches (150 mm) and larger shall not be used unless approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(6) Aluminum alloy fitting threads shall not form the joint seal.

(7) Zinc-aluminum alloy fittings shall not be used in systems containing flammable gas-air mix tures.

(8) Special fittings such as couplings, proprietarytype joints, saddle tees, gland-type compression fittings, and flared, flareless, or compressiontype tubing fittings shall be as follows:

(a) Used within the fitting manufacturer’s pressure-temperature recommendations.

(b) Used within the service conditions anticipated with respect to vibration, fatigue, thermal expansion, or contraction.

(c) Acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(9) When pipe fittings are drilled and tapped in the field, the operation shall be in accordance with the following:

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FUEL GAS PIPING

(1) ASME B16.5 or

(2) ASME B16.47. [NFPA 54:5.5.9.1.2]

1208.5.11.3 Non-Ferrous Flanges. Non-ferrous flanges shall be in accordance with ASME B16.24.

[NFPA 54:5.5.9.1.3]

1208.5.11.4 Ductile Iron Flanges. Ductile iron flanges shall be in accordance with ASME B16.42.

[NFPA 54:5.5.9.1.4]

1208.5.11.5 Dissimilar Flange Connections. Raised-face flanges shall not be joined to flat-faced cast iron, ductile iron or nonferrous material flanges.

[NFPA 54:5.5.9.2]

1208.5.11.6 Flange Facings. Standard facings shall be permitted for use under this code. Where 150 psi (1034 kPa) steel flanges are bolted to Class 125 cast-iron flanges, the raised face on the steel flange shall be removed. [NFPA 54:5.5.9.3]

1208.5.11.7 Lapped Flanges. Lapped flanges shall be used only aboveground or in exposed locations accessible for inspection. [NFPA 54:5.5.9.4]

1208.5.12 Flange Gaskets. The material for gaskets shall be capable of withstanding the design temperature and pressure of the piping system and the chemical constituents of the gas being conducted without change to its chemical and physical properties. The effects of fire exposure to the joint shall be considered in choosing the material. [NFPA 54:5.5.10]

1208.5.12.1 Flange Gasket Materials. Acceptable materials shall include the following:

(1) Metal (plain or corrugated)

(2) Composition

(3) Aluminum “O” rings

(4) Spiral-wound metal gaskets

(5) Rubber-faced phenolic

(6) Elastomeric [NFPA 54:5.5.10.1]

1208.5.12.2 Metallic Flange Gaskets. Metallic flange gaskets shall be in accordance with ASME B16.20. [NFPA 54:5.5.10.2.1]

1208.5.12.3 Non-Metallic Flange Gaskets. Non-metallic flange gaskets shall be in accordance with ASME B16.21. [NFPA 54:5.5.10.2.2]

1208.5.12.4 Full-Face Flange Gasket. Full-face flange gaskets shall be used with all non-steel flanges. [NFPA 54:5.5.10.3]

1208.5.12.5 Separated Flanges. When a flanged joint is separated, the gasket shall be replaced. [NFPA 54:5.5.10.4]

maximum expected pressure and permissible pressure drop.

[NFPA 54:5.6.1]

1208.6.1 Location. Gas meters shall be located in ventilated spaces readily accessible for examination, reading, replacement, or necessary maintenance. [NFPA 54:5.6.2.1]

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(a) The operation shall be performed on systems having operating pressures of 5 psi (34 kPa) or less.

(b) The operation shall be performed by the gas supplier or their designated representative.

(c) The drilling and tapping operation shall be performed in accordance with written procedures prepared by the gas supplier.

(d) The fittings shall be located outdoors.

(e) The tapped fitting assembly shall be inspected and proven to be free of leaks.

[NFPA 54:5.5.7.5]

1208.5.10 Plastic Piping Joints and Fittings. Plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Section 1208.5.10.1 through Section 1208.5.10.4 shall be observed when making such joints. [NFPA 54:5.5.8]

1208.5.10.1 Joint Design. The joint shall be designed and installed so that the longitudinal pullout resistance of the joint will be at least equal to the tensile strength of the plastic piping material. [NFPA 54:5.5.8(1)]

1208.5.10.2 Heat-Fusion Joint. Heat-fusion joints shall be made in accordance with qualified procedures that have been established and proven by test to produce gastight joints at least as strong as the pipe or tubing being joined. Joints shall be made with the joining method recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Polyethylene heat-fusion fittings shall be marked “ASTM D2513.” Polyamide heat-fusion fittings shall be marked “ASTM F2945.” [NFPA 54:5.5.8(2)] 1208.5.10.3 Compression-Type Mechanical Joints. Where compression-type mechanical joints are used, the gasket material in the fitting shall be compatible with the plastic piping and with the gas distributed by the system. An internal tubular rigid stiffener shall be used in conjunction with the fitting. The stiffener shall be flush with the end of the pipe or tubing and shall extend at least to the outside end of the compression fitting when installed. The stiffener shall be free of rough or sharp edges and shall not be a force fit in the plastic. Split tubular stiffeners shall not be used. [NFPA 54:5.5.8(3)] 1208.5.10.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Piping Systems. Plastic piping joints and fittings for use in LP-Gas piping systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 58. [NFPA 54:5.5.8(4)] 1208.5.11 Flange Specification. Flanges shall comply with Section 1208.5.11.1 through Section 1208.5.11.7. 1208.5.11.1 Cast Iron Flanges. Cast iron flanges shall be in accordance with ASME B16.1. [NFPA 54:5.5.9.1.1]

1208.5.11.2 Steel Flanges. Steel flanges shall be in accordance with the following:

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1208.6.1.1 Protection from Damage. Gas meters shall not be placed where they will be subjected to damage, such as adjacent to a driveway, under a fire escape, in public passages, halls, or where they will be subject to excessive corrosion or vibration. [NFPA 54:5.6.2.2]

1208.6.1.2 Extreme Temperatures. Gas meters shall not be located where they will be subjected to extreme temperatures or sudden extreme changes in temperature or in areas where they are subjected to temperatures beyond those recommended by the manufacturer. [NFPA 54:5.6.2.3] 1208.6.2 Supports. Gas meters shall be supported or connected to rigid piping so as not to exert a strain on the meters. Where flexible connectors are used to connect a gas meter to downstream piping at mobile homes in mobile home parks, the meter shall be supported by a post or bracket placed in a firm footing or by other means providing equivalent support. [NFPA 54:5.6.3] 1208.6.3 Meter Protection. Meters shall be protected against overpressure, backpressure, and vacuum. [NFPA 54:5.6.4]

1208.6.4 Identification. Gas piping at multiple meter installations shall be marked by a metal tag or other permanent means designating the building or the part of the building being supplied and attached by the installing agency. [NFPA 54:5.6.5]

A line pressure regulator shall be installed where the gas supply pressure exceeds the maximum allowable inlet pressure of the appliance served. [NFPA 54:5.7.1]

1208.7.1 Listing. Line pressure regulators shall be listed in accordance with CSA/ANSI Z21.80/CSA 6.22 where the outlet pressure is set to 2 psi (14 kPa) or less.

[NFPA 54:5.7.2]

1208.7.2 Location. The gas pressure regulator shall be accessible for servicing. [NFPA 54:5.7.3] 1208.7.3 Regulator Protection. Pressure regulators shall be protected against physical damage. [NFPA 54:5.7.4]

1208.7.4 Regulator Vents. Regulator vents shall be in accordance with Section 1208.15. [NFPA 54:5.7.5] 1208.7.5 Identification. Line pressure regulators at multiple regulator installations shall be marked by a metal tag or other permanent means designating the building or the part of the building being supplied.

[NFPA 54:5.7.6]

serving gas supplier delivers gas at a pressure greater than 2 psi (14 kPa) for piping systems serving appliances designed to operate at a gas pressure of 14 inches water column (3.5 kPa) or less, overpressure protection devices shall be installed. Piping systems serving equipment designed to operate at inlet pressures greater than 14 inches water column (3.5 kPa) shall be equipped with overpressure protection devices as required by the appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:5.8.1]

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Overpressure protection devices shall be one of the following:

(1) Pressure relief valve.

(2) Monitor regulator.

(3) Series regulator installed upstream from the line regulator and set to continuously limit the pressure on the inlet of the line regulator to the maximum values specified by Section 1208.10 or less.

(4) Automatic shutoff device installed in series with the line pressure regulator and set to shut off when the pressure on the downstream piping system reaches the maximum values specified by Section 1208.10 or less. This device shall be designed so that it will remain closed until manually reset. [NFPA 54:5.8.3.1] 1208.9.1 Separate Devices. The devices in Section 1208.9 shall be installed either as an integral part of the service or line pressure regulator or as separate units. Where separate overpressure protection devices are installed, they shall comply with Section 1208.9.2 through Section 1208.9.7. [NFPA 54:5.8.3.2]

1208.9.2 Construction and Installation. All overpressure protection devices shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Be constructed of materials so that the operation of the device is not impaired by corrosion of external parts by the atmosphere or of internal parts by the gas.

(2) Be designed and installed so they can be operated to determine whether the valve is free. The devices shall also be designed and installed so they can be tested to determine the pressure at which they operate and be examined for leakage when in the closed position. [NFPA 54:5.8.4] 1208.9.3 External Control Piping. External control piping shall be designed and installed so that damage to the control piping of one device does not render both the regulator and the overpressure protective device inoperative. [NFPA 54:5.8.5] 1208.9.4 Setting. Each pressure limiting or pressure relieving device shall be set so that the gas pressure supplied to the connected appliance(s) does not exceed the limits specified in Section 1208.10 and Section 1208.10.1.

[NFPA 54:5.8.6] 1208.9.5 Unauthorized Operation. Where unauthorized operation of any shutoff valve could render a pressure relieving valve or pressure limiting device inoperative, one of the following shall be accomplished:

(1) The valve shall be locked in the open position. Instruct authorized personnel in the importance of leaving the shutoff valve open and of being present while the shutoff valve is closed so that it can be locked in the open position before leaving the premises.

(2) Duplicate relief valves shall be installed, each having adequate capacity to protect the system, and arrange the isolating valves or three-way valve so that only one relief valve can be rendered inoperative at a time. [NFPA 54:5.8.7]

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1208.9.6 Discharge of Vents. The discharge stacks, vents, or outlet parts of all pressure relieving and pressure limiting devices shall be located so that gas is safely discharged to the outdoors. Discharge stacks or vents shall be designed to prevent the entry of water, insects, or other foreign material that could cause blockage.

The discharge stack or vent line shall be at least the same size as the outlet of the pressure relieving device.

[NFPA 54:5.8.8.1 – 5.8.8.2] 1208.9.7 Size of Fittings, Pipe, and Openings. The fittings, pipe, and openings located between the system to be protected and the pressure relieving device shall be sized to prevent hammering of the valve and to prevent impairment of relief capacity. [NFPA 54:5.8.9]

Where piping systems serving appliances designed to operate with a gas supply pressure of 14 inches water column (3.5 kPa) or less are required to be equipped with overpressure protection by Section 1208.8, each overpressure protection device shall be adjusted to limit the gas pressure to each connected appliance to 2 psi (14 kPa) or less upon a failure of the line pressure regulator. [NFPA 54:5.8.2.1]

1208.10.1 Overpressure Protection Required. Where piping systems serving appliances designed to operate with a gas supply pressure greater than 14 inches water column (3.5 kPa) are required to be equipped with overpressure protection by Section 1208.8, each overpressure protection device shall be adjusted to limit the gas pressure to each connected appliance as required by the appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:5.8.2.2]

1208.10.2 Overpressure Protection Devices. Each overpressure protection device installed to meet the requirements of this section shall be capable of limiting the pressure to its connected appliance(s) as required by this section independently of any other pressure control equipment in the piping system. [NFPA 54:5.8.2.3] 1208.10.3 Detection of Failure. Each gas piping system for which an overpressure protection device is required by this section shall be designed and installed so that a failure of the primary pressure control device(s) is detectable. [NFPA 54:5.8.2.4] 1208.10.4 Flow Capacity. If a pressure relief valve is used to meet the requirements of this section, it shall have a flow capacity such that the pressure in the protected system is maintained at or below the limits specified in Section 1208.10 under the following conditions:

(1) The line pressure regulator for which the relief valve is providing overpressure protection has failed wide

open.

(2) The gas pressure at the inlet of the line pressure regulator for which the relief valve is providing overpressure protection is not less than the regulator’s normal operating inlet pressure. [NFPA 54:5.8.2.5]

shall be installed as close to the equipment as practical where the design of equipment connected is such that air, oxygen, or standby gases could be forced into the gas supply system.

Gas and air combustion mixers incorporating double diaphragm “zero” or “atmosphere” governors or regulators shall require no further protection unless connected directly to compressed air or oxygen at pressures of 5 psi (34 kPa) or more. [NFPA 54:5.9.1.1 – 5.9.1.2]

1208.11.1 Protective Devices. Protective devices

shall include but not be limited to the following:

(1) Check valves.

(2) Three-way valves (of the type that completely closes one side before starting to open the other side).

(3) Reverse flow indicators controlling positive shutoff valves.

(4) Normally closed air-actuated positive shutoff pressure regulators. [NFPA 54:5.9.2]

shall be installed between the meter and the appliance or equipment if the operation of the appliance or equipment is such that it could produce a vacuum or a dangerous reduction in gas pressure at the meter. Such protective devices include, but are not limited to, mechanical, diaphragm-operated, or electrically operated low-pressure shutoff valves. [NFPA 54:5.10]

accordance with Table 1208.13. Shutoff valves of size 1 inch

(25 mm) National Pipe Thread and smaller shall be listed and labeled. Where used outdoors, such use shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. [NFPA 54:5.11]

be designed to prevent failure from thermal expansion or contraction. [NFPA 54:5.13.1]

1208.14.1 Special Local Conditions. Where local conditions include earthquake, tornado, unstable ground, or flood hazards, special consideration shall be given to increased strength and flexibility of piping supports and connections. [NFPA 54:5.13.2]

Venting. The venting of the atmospheric side of diaphragms in line pressure regulators, gas appliance regulators, and gas pressure limit controls shall be in accordance with all of the following:

(1) An independent vent pipe to the outdoors, sized in accordance with the device manufacturer’s instructions, shall be provided where the location of a device is such that a discharge of fuel gas will cause a hazard. For devices other than appliance regulators, vents are not required to be independent where the vents are connected to a common manifold designed in accordance with engineering methods to minimize backpressure in the event of diaphragm failure and such design is approved.

Exceptions:

(1) A regulator and vent limiting means combination listed as complying with CSA/ANSI Z21.80/CSA 6.22, shall not be required to be vented to the outdoors.

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(2) A listed gas appliance regulator factory equipped with a vent limiting device is not required to be vented to the outdoors.

(2) Materials for vent piping shall be in accordance with Section 1208.5 through Section 1208.5.12.5.

(3) The vent terminus shall be designed to prevent the entry of water, insects, and other foreign matter that could cause blockage.

(4) Vent piping shall be installed to minimize static loads and bending moments placed on the regulators and gas pressure control devices.

(5) Vents shall terminate not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a possible source of ignition.

(6) At locations where a vent termination could be submerged during floods or snow accumulations, an antiflood-type breather vent fitting shall be installed, or the vent terminal shall be located above the height of the expected flood waters or snow.

(7) Vent piping from pressure regulators and gas pressure controls shall not be connected to a common manifold

that serves a bleed line from a diaphragm-type gas valve.

[NFPA 54:5.14]

TABLE 1208.13

MANUAL GAS VALVE STANDARDS

[NFPA 54: TABLE 5.11]

installed, they shall be listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.93/CSA 6.30 and shall be sized and installed in accor dance with the manufacturers’ instructions. [NFPA 54:5.12]

shall be installed with sufficient clearance from any other underground structure to avoid contact therewith, to allow maintenance, and to protect against damage from proximity to other structures. Underground plastic piping shall be installed with sufficient clearance or shall be insulated from any source of heat so as to prevent the heat from impairing the serviceability of the pipe. [NFPA 54:7.1.1.1 – 7.1.1.2]

1210.1.1 Cover Requirements. Underground piping systems shall be installed with a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of cover. The minimum cover shall be increased to 18 inches (457 mm) if external damage to the pipe or tubing from external forces is likely to result. Where a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of cover cannot be provided, the piping shall be installed in conduit.

[NFPA 54:7.1.2.1 – 7.1.2.1(B)]

1210.1.2 Trenches. The trench shall be graded so that the pipe has a firm, substantially continuous bearing on the bottom of the trench. [NFPA 54:7.1.2.2]

1210.1.2.1 Backfilling. Where flooding of the trench is done to consolidate the backfill, care shall be exercised to see that the pipe is not floated from its firm bearing on the trench bottom. [NFPA 54:7.1.2.3]

1210.1.3 Protection Against Corrosion. Steel pipe and steel tubing installed underground shall be installed in accordance with Section 1210.1.3.1 through Section 1210.1.3.9. [NFPA 54:7.1.3]

1210.1.3.1 Zinc Coating. Zinc coating (galvanizing) shall not be deemed adequate protection for underground gas piping. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.1]

1210.1.3.2 Underground Piping. Underground piping shall comply with one or more of the following unless approved technical justification is provided to demonstrate that protection is unnecessary:

(1) The piping shall be made of corrosion-resistant material that is suitable for the environment in

which it will be installed.

(2) Pipe shall have a factory-applied, electrically insulating coating. Fittings and joints between sections of coated pipe shall be coated in accordance with the coating manufacturer’s instructions.

(3) The piping shall have a cathodic protection system installed, and the system shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1210.1.3.3 or

Section 1210.1.3.6. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.2]

For SI Units: 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

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1210.1.3.3 Cathodic Protection. Cathodic protection systems shall be monitored by testing and the results shall be documented. The test results shall demonstrate one of the following:

− (1) A pipe-to-soil voltage of 0.85 volts or more negative is produced, with reference to a saturated copper-copper sulfate half cell.

− (2) A pipe-to-soil voltage of 0.78 volts or more negative is produced, with reference to a saturated KCl calomel half cell.

− (3) A pipe-to-soil voltage of 0.80 volts or more negative is produced, with reference to a silversilver chloride half cell.

(4) Compliance with a method described in Appendix D of Title 49 of the code of Federal Regulations, Part 192. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.3]

1210.1.3.4 Sacrificial Anodes. Sacrificial anodes shall be tested in accordance with the following:

(1) Upon installation of the cathodic protection system, except where prohibited by climatic conditions, in which case the testing shall be performed not later than 180 days after the installation of the system.

(2) 12 to 18 months after the initial test.

(3) Upon successful verification testing in accordance with Section 1210.1.3.4(1) and Section 1210.1.3.4(2), periodic follow-up testing shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 36 months. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.4]

1210.1.3.5 System Failing Tests. Systems failing a test shall be repaired not more than 180 days after the date of the failed testing. The testing schedule shall be restarted as required in Section 1210.1.3.4(1) and Section 1210.1.3.4(2), and the results shall comply with Section 1210.1.3.3. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.5]

1210.1.3.6 Impressed Current Cathodic Pro- tection. Impressed current cathodic protection systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the following schedule:

(1) The impressed current rectifier voltage output shall be checked at intervals not exceeding two months.

(2) The pipe-to-soil voltage shall be tested at least annually. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.6]

1210.1.3.7 Documentation. Documentation of

the results of the two most recent tests shall be retained. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.7]

1210.1.3.8 Dissimilar Metals. Where dissimilar metals are joined underground, an insulating coupling or fitting shall be used. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.8]

1210.1.3.9 Steel Risers. Steel risers, other than anodeless risers, connected to plastic piping shall be cathodically protected by means of a welded anode.

[NFPA 54:7.1.3.9]

1210.1.4 Protection Against Freezing. Where the formation of hydrates or ice is known to occur, piping shall be protected against freezing. [NFPA 54:7.1.4] 1210.1.5 Piping through Foundation Wall. Piping through a foundation wall shall comply with all of the following:

(1) Underground piping, where installed through the outer foundation or basement wall of a building, shall be encased in a protective sleeve or protected by an approved device or method.

(2) The spaces between the gas piping and the sleeve and between the sleeve and the wall shall be sealed to prevent entry of gas and water.

(3) Sealing materials shall be compatible with the piping and sleeve. [NFPA 54:7.1.5] 1210.1.6 Piping Underground Beneath Buildings. Where gas piping is installed underground beneath buildings, the piping shall be either of the following:

(1) Encased in an approved conduit designed to withstand the imposed loads and installed in accordance with Section 1210.1.6.1 or Section 1210.1.6.2.

(2) A piping/encasement system listed for installation beneath buildings. [NFPA 54:7.1.6]

1210.1.6.1 Conduit with One End Terminat- ing Outdoors. The conduit shall extend into an accessible portion of the building and, at the point where the conduit terminates in the building, the space between the conduit and the gas piping shall be sealed to prevent the possible entrance of any gas leakage. Where the end sealing is of a type that retains the full pressure of the pipe, the conduit shall be designed for the same pressure as the pipe. The conduit shall extend at least 4 inches (102 mm) outside the building, be vented outdoors above finished ground level, and be installed so as to prevent the entrance of water and insects. [NFPA 54:7.1.6.1]

1210.1.6.2 Conduit with Both Ends Terminat- ing Indoors. Where the conduit originates and terminates within the same building, the conduit shall originate and terminate in an accessible portion of the building and shall not be sealed. [NFPA 54:7.1.6.2] 1210.1.7 Connections of Plastic Piping. Plastic piping shall be installed outdoors, underground only.

Exceptions :

(1) Plastic piping shall be permitted to terminate aboveground where an anodeless riser is used.

(2) Plastic piping shall be permitted to terminate with a wall head adapter aboveground in buildings, including basements, where the plastic piping is inserted in a piping material permitted for use in buildings.

[NFPA 54:7.1.7.1]

1210.1.7.1 Connections Between Metallic and Plastic Piping. Connections made between metallic and plastic piping shall be made with fittings conforming to one of the following:

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(1) ASTM D2513, Category I transition fittings

(2) ASTM F1973

(3) ASTM F2509 [NFPA 54:7.1.7.2] 1210.1.7.2 Tracer Wire. An electrically continuous corrosion-resistant tracer shall be buried with the plastic pipe to facilitate locating. The tracer shall be one of the following:

(1) A product specifically designed for that pur pose.

(2) Insulated copper conductor not less than 14 AWG.

Where tracer wire is used, access shall be provided from aboveground, or one end of the tracer wire or tape shall be brought aboveground at a building wall or riser. [NFPA 54:7.1.7.3 – 7.1.7.3.2]

be installed in accordance with this code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:7.1.8]

installed aboveground shall comply with all of the following:

(1) Piping shall be securely supported and located where it will be protected from physical damage.

(2) Where passing through an exterior wall, the piping shall also be protected from corrosion by coating or wrapping with an inert material approved for such applications.

(3) The piping shall be sealed around its circumference at the point of the exterior penetration to prevent the entry of water, insects, and rodents.

(4) Where piping is encased in a protective pipe sleeve, the annular spaces between the gas piping and the sleeve and between the sleeve and the wall opening shall be sealed.

(5) Piping installed outdoors shall be elevated not less than 3½ inches (89 mm) above the ground.

(6) Sealing materials shall be compatible with the piping and sleeve. [NFPA 54:7.2.1] 1210.3.1 Protective Coating. Where piping is in contact with a material or an atmosphere corrosive to the piping system, the piping and fittings shall be coated with a corrosion-resistant material. Any such coating used on piping or components shall not be considered as adding strength to the system. [NFPA 54:7.2.2] 1210.3.2 Building Structure. The installation of gas piping shall not cause structural stresses within building components to exceed allowable design limits. Approval shall be obtained before any beams or joists are cut or notched. [NFPA 54:7.2.3.1 – 7.2.3.2] 1210.3.3 Gas Piping to be Sloped. Piping for other than dry gas conditions shall be sloped not less than [1] ⁄ 4 inch in 15 feet (6.4 mm in 4.6 m) to prevent traps. [NFPA 54:7.2.4] 1210.3.3.1 Ceiling Locations. Gas piping shall be permitted to be installed in accessible spaces between a fixed ceiling and a dropped ceiling, whether or not such spaces are used as a plenum. Valves shall not be located in such spaces.

Exception: Appliance or equipment shutoff valves required by this code shall be permitted to be installed in accessible spaces containing vented appliances. 1210.3.4 Prohibited Locations. Gas piping inside any building shall not be installed in or through a clothes chute, chimney or gas vent, dumbwaiter, elevator shaft, or air duct, other than combustion air ducts. [NFPA 54:7.2.5]

Exception: Ducts used to provide ventilation air in accordance with Section 506.0 or to above-ceiling spaces in accordance with Section 1210.3.3.1.

1210.3.5 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors. Piping shall be supported with metal pipe hooks, metal pipe straps, metal bands, metal brackets, metal hangers, or building structural components, suitable for the size of piping, of adequate strength and quality, and located at intervals so as to prevent or damp out excessive vibration. Piping shall be anchored to prevent undue strains on connected appliances and equipment and shall not be supported by other piping. Pipe hangers and supports shall conform to the requirements of MSS SP-58. [NFPA 54:7.2.6.1] 1210.3.5.1 Spacing. Spacing of supports in gas piping installations shall not be greater than shown in Table 1210.3.5.1. Spacing of supports of CSST shall be in accordance with the CSST manufacturer’s instructions. [NFPA 54:7.2.6.2]

TABLE 1210.3.5.1

SUPPORT OF PIPING

[NFPA 54: TABLE 7.2.6.2]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm

1210.3.5.2 Expansion and Contraction. Supports, hangers, and anchors shall be installed so as not to interfere with the free expansion and contraction of the piping between anchors. All parts of the supporting system shall be designed and installed so they are not disengaged by movement of the supported piping. [NFPA 54:7.2.6.3] 1210.3.5.3 Piping on Roofs. Gas piping installed on the roof surfaces shall be supported in accordance with Table 1210.3.5.1. Gas piping shall be elevated not less than 3½ inches (89 mm) above the roof surface. [NFPA 54:7.2.6.4.1, 7.2.6.4.2]

concealed locations shall be installed in accordance with this section. [NFPA 54:7.3.1]

TABLE 1210.3.5.1

SUPPORT OF PIPING

[NFPA 54: TABLE 7.2.6.2]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm

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1210.4.1 Connections. Where gas piping is to be concealed, connections shall be of the following type:

(1) Pipe fittings such as elbows, tees, couplings, and right/left nipple/couplings.

(2) Joining tubing by brazing (see Section 1208.5.9.1).

(3) Press-connect fittings listed to ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32.

(4) CSST fittings listed to CSA/ANSI LC 1/CSA 6.26.

(5) Where necessary to insert fittings into a gas pipe system installed in a concealed location, the pipe shall be reconnected by welding, flanges, or the use of a right/left nipple/coupling. 1210.4.2 Piping in Partitions. Concealed gas piping shall not be located in solid partitions. [NFPA 54:7.3.3] 1210.4.3 Tubing in Partitions. This provision shall not apply to tubing that pierces walls, floors, or partitions. Tubing installed vertically and horizontally inside hollow walls or partitions without protection along its entire concealed length shall meet the following requirements:

(1) A steel striker barrier not less than 0.0508 of an inch (1.3 mm) thick, or equivalent, is installed between the tubing and the finished wall and extends at least 4 inches (102 mm) beyond concealed penetrations of plates, firestops, wall studs, and so on.

(2) The tubing is installed in single runs and is not rigidly secured. [NFPA 54:7.3.4] 1210.4.4 Industrial Occupancies. In industrial occupancies, gas piping in solid floors such as concrete shall be laid in channels in the floor and covered to permit access to the piping with a minimum of damage to the building. Where piping in floor channels could be exposed to excessive moisture or corrosive substances, the piping shall be protected in an approved manner.

[NFPA 54:7.3.5.1] 1210.4.5 Other Occupancies. In other than industrial occupancies and where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, gas piping embedded in concrete floor slabs constructed with portland cement shall be surrounded with a minimum of 1 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) of concrete and shall not be in physical contact with other metallic structures such as reinforcing rods or electrically neutral conductors. All piping, fittings, and risers shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with Section 1210.3.1. Piping shall not be embedded in concrete slabs containing quickset additives or cinder aggregate. [NFPA 54:7.3.5.2]

exceeding 5 psi (34 kPa) is located within vertical chases in accordance with Section 1208.4(4), the requirements of Section 1210.5.1 through Section 1210.5.3 shall apply. [NFPA 54:7.4] 1210.5.1 Pressure Reduction. Where pressure reduction is required in branch connections for compliance with Section 1208.4, such reduction shall take place either inside the chase or immediately adjacent to the outside wall of the chase. Regulator venting and downstream overpressure protection shall comply with Section 1208.7.4 and Section 1208.8 through Section 1208.10.4. The regulator shall be

accessible for service and repair and vented in accordance with one of the following:

(1) Where the fuel gas is lighter than air, regulators equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented into the chase. Regulators not equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented either directly to the outdoors or to a point within the top 1 foot (305 mm) of the chase.

(2) Where the fuel gas is heavier than air, the regulator vent shall be vented only directly to the outdoors.

[NFPA 54:7.4.1]

1210.5.2 Chase Construction. Chase construction shall comply with local building codes with respect to fire resistance and protection of horizontal and vertical openings. [NFPA 54:7.4.2]

1210.5.3 Ventilation. A chase shall be ventilated to the outdoors and only at the top. The opening(s) shall have a minimum free area [in square inches (square meters)] equal to the product of one-half of the maximum pressure in the piping [in pounds per square inch (kilopascals)] times the largest nominal diameter of that piping [in inches (millimeters)], or the cross-sectional area of the chase, whichever is smaller. Where more than one fuel gas piping system is present, the free area for each system shall be calculated and the largest area used. [NFPA 54:7.4.3]

shall be made by the use of fittings, factory bends, or field bends. [NFPA 54:7.5] 1210.6.1 Metallic Pipe. Metallic pipe bends shall comply with the following:

(1) Bends shall be made only with bending tools and procedures intended for that purpose.

(2) All bends shall be smooth and free from buckling, cracks, or other evidence of mechanical damage.

(3) The longitudinal weld of the pipe shall be near the neutral axis of the bend.

(4) Pipe shall not be bent through an arc of more than 90 degrees.

(5) The inside radius of a bend shall be not less than 6 times the outside diameter of the pipe. [NFPA 54:7.5.1] 1210.6.2 Plastic Pipe. Plastic pipe bends shall comply with the following:

(1) The pipe shall not be damaged, and the internal diameter of the pipe shall not be effectively reduced.

(2) Joints shall not be located in pipe bends.

(3) The radius of the inner curve of such bends shall not be less than 25 times the inside diameter of the pipe.

(4) Where the piping manufacturer specifies the use of special bending tools or procedures, such tools or procedures shall be used. [NFPA 54:7.5.2] 1210.6.3 Elbows. Factory-made welding elbows or transverse segments cut therefrom shall have an arc length measured along the crotch of at least 1 inch (25.4 mm) for pipe sizes 2 inches (50 mm) and larger. [NFPA 54:7.5.3]

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conditions, a drip shall be provided at any point in the line of pipe where condensate could collect. Where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction or the serving gas supplier, a drip shall also be provided at the outlet of the meter. This drip shall be installed so as to constitute a trap wherein an accumulation of condensate shuts off the flow of gas before it runs back into the meter. [NFPA 54:7.6.1]

1210.7.1 Location of Drips. All drips shall be installed only in such locations that they are readily accessible to permit cleaning or emptying. A drip shall not be located where the condensate is likely to freeze. [NFPA 54:7.6.2] 1210.7.2 Sediment Traps. The installation of sediment traps shall be in accordance with Section 1212.9. [NFPA 54:7.6.3]

accordance with the following requirements:

(1) The outlet fittings or piping shall be securely fastened in place.

(2) Outlets shall not be located behind doors.

(3) Outlets shall be located far enough from floors, walls, patios, slabs, and ceilings to permit the use of wrenches without straining, bending, or damaging the piping.

(4) The unthreaded portion of gas piping outlets shall extend not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) through finished ceilings or indoor or outdoor walls.

(5) The unthreaded portion of gas piping outlets shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) above the surface of floors or outdoor patios or slabs.

(6) The provisions of Section 1210.8(4) and Section 1210.8(5) shall not apply to listed quick-disconnect devices of the flush-mounted type or listed gas convenience outlets. Such devices shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:7.7.1.1 – 7.7.1.6] 1210.8.1 Cap Outlets. Each outlet, including a valve, shall be closed gastight with a threaded plug or cap immediately after installation and shall be left closed until the appliance or equipment is connected thereto. When an appliance or equipment is disconnected from an outlet and the outlet is not to be used again immediately, it shall be capped or plugged gastight.

Exceptions:

(1) Laboratory appliances installed in accordance with Section 1212.3.1 shall be permitted.

(2) The use of a listed quick-disconnect device with integral shutoff or listed gas convenience outlet shall be permitted. [NFPA 54:7.7.2.1] 1210.8.2 Appliance Shutoff Valves. Appliance shutoff valves installed in fireplaces shall be removed, and the piping capped gastight where the fireplace is used for solid fuel burning. [NFPA 54:7.7.2.2]

shutoff valve shall be provided upstream of each gas pressure regulator. Where two gas pressure regulators are installed in series in a single gas line, a manual valve shall not be required at the second regulator. [NFPA 54:7.8.2]

1210.9.1 Accessibility of Gas Valves. System shutoff valves shall be readily accessible for operation and installed so as to be protected from physical damage. System shutoff valves shall be marked with a metal tag or other permanent means attached by the installing agency so that the gas piping systems supplied through them can be readily identified. [NFPA 54:7.8.1.1 – 7.8.1.2] 1210.9.2 Shutoff Valves for Multiple House Lines. In multiple-tenant buildings supplied through a master meter, through one service regulator where a meter is not provided, or where meters or service regulators are not readily accessible from the appliance or equipment location, an individual shutoff valve for each apartment or tenant line shall be provided at a convenient point of general accessibility. In a common system serving a number of individual buildings, shutoff valves shall be installed at each building. [NFPA 54:7.8.3.1] 1210.9.3 Emergency Shutoff Valves. An exterior shutoff valve to permit turning off the gas supply to each building in an emergency shall be provided. The emergency shutoff valves shall be plainly marked as such and their locations posted as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 54:7.8.3.2]

1210.9.4 Shutoff Valve for Laboratories. Each laboratory space containing two or more gas outlets installed on tables, benches, or in hoods in educational, research, commercial and industrial occupancies shall have a single shutoff valve through which all such gas outlets are supplied. The shutoff valve shall be accessible, located within the laboratory or adjacent to the laboratory’s egress door, and identified. [NFPA 54:7.8.3.3] 1210.9.5 System Shutoff Valves. Where a system shutoff valve is installed, the valve shall comply with Section 1208.13. [NFPA 54:7.8.4]

within the interior of gas piping or fittings where such devices reduce the cross-sectional area or otherwise obstruct the free flow of gas, except where allowance in the piping system design has been made for such devices. [NFPA 54:7.9]

side the Flammable Range. Where gas-air mixing machines are employed to produce mixtures above or below the flammable range, they shall be provided with stops to prevent adjustment of the mixture to within or approaching the flammable range. [NFPA 54:7.10]

Mixtures. Systems containing flammable gas-air mixtures shall be in accordance with Section 1210.12.1 through Section 1210.12.6.

1210.12.1 Required Components. A central premix system with a flammable mixture in the blower or compressor shall consist of the following components:

(1) Gas-mixing machine in the form of an automatic gas-air proportioning device combined with a downstream blower or compressor.

(2) Flammable mixture piping, minimum Schedule 40.

(3) Automatic firecheck(s).

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FUEL GAS PIPING

(4) Safety blowout(s) or backfire preventers for systems utilizing flammable mixture lines above 2 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (65 mm) nominal pipe size (NPS) or the equivalent.

[NFPA 54:7.11.1] 1210.12.2 Optional Components. The following components shall also be permitted to be utilized in any type of central premix system:

(1) Flowmeter(s)

(2) Flame arrester(s) [NFPA 54:7.11.2] 1210.12.3 Additional Requirements. Gas-mixing machines shall have nonsparking blowers and shall be constructed so that a flashback does not rupture machine casings. [NFPA 54:7.11.3] 1210.12.4 Special Requirements for Mixing Blow- ers. A mixing blower system shall be limited to applications with minimum practical lengths of mixture piping, limited to a maximum mixture pressure of 10 inches water column (2.5 kPa) and limited to gases containing no more than 10 percent hydrogen. The blower shall be equipped with a gas control valve at its air entrance arranged so that gas is admitted to the airstream, entering the blower in proper proportions for correct combustion by the type of burners employed, the said gas control valve being of either the zero governor or mechanical ratio valve type that controls the gas and air adjustment simultaneously. No valves or other obstructions shall be installed between the blower discharge and the burner or burners. [NFPA 54:7.11.4] 1210.12.5 Installation of Gas-Mixing Machines. Installation of gas-mixing machines shall comply with Section 1210.12.5.1 through Section 1210.12.5.5. 1210.12.5.1 Location. The gas-mixing machine shall be located in a well-ventilated area or in a detached building or cutoff room provided with room construction and explosion vents in accordance with engineering methods. Such rooms or below-grade installations shall have adequate positive ventilation. [NFPA 54:7.11.5.1]

1210.12.5.2 Electrical Requirements. Where gasmixing machines are installed in well-ventilated areas, the type of electrical equipment shall be in accordance with California Electrical Code for general service conditions unless other hazards in the area prevail. Where gas-mixing machines are installed in small detached buildings or cutoff rooms, the electrical equipment and wiring shall be installed in accordance with California Electrical Code for hazardous locations (Articles 500 and 501, Class I, Division 2).

[NFPA 54:7.11.5.2]

1210.12.5.3 Air Intakes. Air intakes for gas-mixing machines using compressors or blowers shall be taken from outdoors whenever practical. [NFPA 54:7.11.5.3] 1210.12.5.4 Controls. Controls for gas-mixing machines shall include interlocks and a safety shutoff valve of the manual reset type in the gas supply connection to each machine arranged to automatically shut off the gas supply in the event of high or low gas

pressure. Except for open burner installations only, the controls shall be interlocked so that the blower or compressor stops operating following a gas supply failure. Where a system employs pressurized air, means shall be provided to shut off the gas supply in the event of air failure. [NFPA 54:7.11.5.4]

1210.12.5.5 Installation in Parallel. Centrifugal gas-mixing machines in parallel shall be reviewed by the user and equipment manufacturer before installation, and means or plans for minimizing the effects of downstream pulsation and equipment overload shall be prepared and utilized as needed.

[NFPA 54:7.11.5.5]

1210.12.6 Use of Automatic Firechecks, Safety Blowouts, or Backfire Preventers. Automatic firechecks and safety blowouts or backfire preventers shall be provided in piping systems distributing flammable air-gas mixtures from gas-mixing machines to protect the piping and the machines in the event of flashback, in accordance with the following:

(1) Approved automatic firechecks shall be installed upstream as close as practical to the burner inlets following the firecheck manufacturers’ instructions.

(2) A separate manually operated gas valve shall be provided at each automatic firecheck for shutting off the flow of the gas-air mixture through the firecheck after a flashback has occurred. The valve shall be located upstream as close as practical to the inlet of the automatic firecheck.

Caution: These valves shall not be reopened after a flashback has occurred until the firecheck has cooled sufficiently to prevent re-ignition of the flammable mixture and has been reset properly.

(3) A safety blowout or backfiring preventer shall be provided in the mixture line near the outlet of each gas-mixing machine where the size of the piping is larger than 2 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (65 mm) NPS, or equivalent, to protect the mixing equipment in the event of an explosion passing through an automatic firecheck. The manufacturers’ instructions shall be followed when installing these devices, particularly after a disc has burst. The discharge from the safety blowout or backfire preventer shall be located or shielded so that particles from the ruptured disc cannot be directed toward personnel. Wherever there are interconnected installations of gas-mixing machines with safety blowouts or backfire preventers, provision shall be made to keep the mixture from other machines from reaching any ruptured disc opening. Check valves shall not be used for this purpose.

t or backfire preventer shall be located or shielded so that particles from the ruptured disc cannot be directed toward personnel. Wherever there are interconnected installations of gas-mixing machines with safety blowouts or backfire preventers, provision shall be made to keep the mixture from other machines from reaching any ruptured disc opening. Check valves shall not be used for this purpose.

(4) Large-capacity premix systems provided with explosion heads (rupture discs) to relieve excessive pressure in pipelines shall be located at and vented to a safe outdoor location. Provisions shall be provided for automatically shutting off the supply of the gas-air mixture in the event of rupture. [NFPA 54:7.11.6]

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Each aboveground portion of a gas piping system, other than CSST, that is likely to become energized shall be electrically continuous and bonded to an effective ground-fault current path. Gas piping, other than CSST, shall be considered to be bonded when it is connected to appliances that are connected to the appliance grounding conductor of the circuit supplying that appliance. [NFPA 54:7.12.1]

systems, and gas piping systems containing one or more segments of CSST, shall be electrically continuous and bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode system or, where provided, lightning protection grounding electrode system.

[NFPA 54:7.12.2] 1211.2.1 Bonding Jumper Connection. The bonding jumper shall connect to a metallic pipe, pipe fitting, or CSST fitting. [NFPA 54:7.12.2.1] 1211.2.2 Bonding Jumper Size. The bonding jumper shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper wire or equivalent. [NFPA 54:7.12.2.2] 1211.2.3 Bonding Jumper Length. The length of the jumper between the connection to the gas piping system and the grounding electrode system shall not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). Any additional grounding electrodes installed to meet this requirement shall be bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode system or, where provided, lightning protection grounding electrode system. [NFPA 54:7.12.2.3] 1211.2.4 Bonding Connections. Bonding connections shall be in accordance with California Electrical Code.

[NFPA 54:7.12.2.4] 1211.2.5 Devices Used for Bonding. Devices used for the bonding connection shall be listed for the application in accordance with UL 467. [NFPA 54:7.12.2.5]

an arc resistant jacket or coating system in accordance with CSA/ANSI LC 1/CSA 6.26 shall be electrically continuous and bonded to an effective ground fault current path. Where any CSST component of a piping system does not have an arcresistant jacket or coating system, the bonding requirements of Section 1211.2 shall apply. Arc-resistant jacketed CSST shall be considered to be bonded when it is connected to appliances that are connected to the appliance grounding conductor of the circuit supplying that appliance. [NFPA 54:7.12.3]

grounding conductor or electrode. [NFPA 54:7.12.4.1]

protection system is installed, the bonding of the gas piping shall be in accordance with NFPA 780. [NFPA 54:7.12.5]

Electrical circuits shall not utilize gas piping or components as conductors. Exception: Low-voltage (50 V or less) control circuits, ignition circuits, and electronic flame detection device circuits shall be permitted to make use of piping or components as a part of an electric circuit. [NFPA 54:7.13]

between wiring and electrically operated control devices in a

piping system shall conform to the requirements of Califor- nia Electrical Code . [NFPA 54:7.14.1] 1211.7.1 Safety Control. Any essential safety control depending on electric current as the operating medium shall be of a type that shuts off (fail safe) the flow of gas in the event of current failure. [NFPA 54:7.14.2]

Earthquake-actuated gas shutoff valves designed to auto- matically shut off the gas at the location of the valve in the event of a seismic disturbance and certified by the State Architect as conforming to California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12, Chapter 12-16-1, shall be provided for buildings when such installation is required by local ordi- nance. Earthquake-actuated gas shutoff valves which have not been certified by the State Architect shall be prohibited in buildings open to the public under mandatory installation by local ordinance. Installation of the valves shall be in accordance with local ordinance, and in the absence of such per the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Building Piping.

Appliances and equipment shall be connected to the building piping in compliance with Section 1212.6 through Section 1212.8 by one of the following: (1) Rigid metallic pipe and fittings. (2) Semirigid metallic tubing and metallic fittings. Aluminum alloy tubing shall not be used in exterior locations. (3) A connector for gas appliances listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.24/CSA 6.10. The connector shall be used in

accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and shall be in the same room as the appliance. Only one connector shall be used per appliance. (4) A connector for outdoor gas appliances and manufactured homes listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.75/CSA 6.27. Only one connector shall be used per appliance. (5) CSST where installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. CSST shall not be directly routed into a metallic appliance enclosure where the appliance is connected to a metallic vent that terminates above a roofline. CSST shall connect only to appliances that are fixed in place. (6) Listed nonmetallic gas hose connectors in accordance with Section 1212.3.

(7) Unlisted gas hose connectors for use in laboratories and educational facilities in accordance with Section 1212.4.

[NFPA 54:9.6.1]

1212.1.1 Protection of Connectors. Connectors and tubing addressed in Section 1212.1(2), Section 1212.1(3), Section 1212.1(4), Section 1212.1(5), and Section 1212.1(6) shall be installed to be protected against physical and thermal damage. Aluminum alloy tubing and connectors shall be coated to protect against external corrosion where they are in contact with masonry, plaster, or insulation or are subject to repeated wettings by such liquids as detergents, sewage, or water other than rainwater. [NFPA 54:9.6.1.1]

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burners used in laboratories and educational facilities shall be permitted to be connected to the gas supply by an unlisted hose. [NFPA 54:9.6.3]

Gas Appliances. Where portable industrial appliances or appliances requiring mobility or subject to vibration are connected to the building gas piping system by the use of a flexible hose, the hose shall be suitable and safe for the conditions under which it can be used. [NFPA 54:9.6.4.1]

1212.5.1 Swivel Joints or Couplings. Where industrial appliances requiring mobility are connected to the rigid piping by the use of swivel joints or couplings, the swivel joints or couplings shall be suitable for the service required, and only the minimum number required shall be installed. [NFPA 54:9.6.4.2]

1212.5.2 Metal Flexible Connectors. Where industrial appliances subject to vibration are connected to the building piping system by the use of all metal flexible connectors, the connectors shall be suitable for the service required. [NFPA 54:9.6.4.3]

1212.5.3 Flexible Connectors. Where flexible connections are used, they shall be of the minimum practical length and shall not extend from one room to another or pass through any walls, partitions, ceilings, or floors. Flexible connections shall not be used in any concealed location. They shall be protected against physical or thermal damage and shall be provided with gas shutoff valves in readily accessible locations in rigid piping upstream from the flexible connections. [NFPA 54:9.6.4.4]

Each appliance connected to a piping system shall have an accessible, approved manual shutoff valve with a nondisplaceable valve member, or a listed gas convenience outlet. Appliance shutoff valves and convenience outlets shall serve a single appliance only. [NFPA 54:9.6.5] The shutoff valve shall be located within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the appliance it serves. [NFPA 54:9.6.5.1] Where a connector is used, the valve shall be installed upstream of the connector. A union or flanged connection shall be provided downstream from the valve to permit removal of appliance controls. [NFPA 54:9.6.5.1(A)]

Exceptions:

(1) Shutoff valves serving decorative appliances in a fireplace shall not be located within the fireplace firebox except where the valve is listed for such use. [NFPA 54:9.6.5.1(B)]

(2) Shutoff valves shall be permitted to be accessibly located inside wall heaters and wall furnaces listed for recessed installation where necessary maintenance is performed without removal of the shutoff valve.

devices used to connect appliances to the building piping shall be listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.41/CSA 6.9. Where installed indoors, an approved manual shutoff valve with a nondisplaceable valve member shall be installed upstream of the quick-disconnect device. [NFPA 54:9.6.6.1 – 9.6.6.2]

»

»

Materials addressed in Section 1212.1(2), Section 1212.1(3), Section 1212.1(4), Section 1212.1(5), and Section 1212.1(6) shall not be installed through an opening in an appliance housing, cabinet, or casing, unless the tubing or connector is protected against damage.

[NFPA 54:9.6.1.2] 1212.1.2 Food Service Appliance Connectors. Connectors used with food service appliances that are moved for cleaning and sanitation purposes shall be installed in accordance with the connector manufac turer’s installation instructions. Such connectors shall be

listed in accordance with ANSI Z21.69/CSA 6.16.

[NFPA 54:9.6.1.3] 1212.1.3 Restraining Device. Movement of appliances with casters shall be limited by a restraining device installed in accordance with the connector and appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions. [NFPA 54:9.6.1.4]

Heaters. Suspended low-intensity infrared tube heaters shall be connected to the building piping system with a connector listed for the application in accordance with ANSI Z21.24/CSA 6.10 as follows:

(1) The connector shall be installed in accordance with the tube heater installation instructions and shall be in the same room as the appliance.

(2) Only one connector shall be used per appliance. [NFPA 54:9.6.1.5]

Listed gas hose connectors shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and in accordance with Section 1212.3.1 and Section 1212.3.2. [NFPA 54:9.6.2]

1212.3.1 Indoor. Indoor gas hose connectors shall be used only to connect laboratory, shop, and ironing appliances requiring mobility during operation and installed in accordance with the following:

(1) An appliance shutoff valve shall be installed where the connector is attached to the building piping.

(2) The connector shall be of minimum length and shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm).

(3) The connector shall not be concealed and shall not extend from one room to another or pass through wall partitions, ceilings, or floors. [NFPA 54:9.6.2(1)] 1212.3.2 Outdoor. Where outdoor gas hose connectors are used to connect portable outdoor appliances, the connector shall be listed in accordance with CSA/ANSI

Z21.54/CSA 8.4 and installed in accordance with the following:

(1) An appliance shutoff valve, a listed quick-disconnect device, or a listed gas convenience outlet shall be installed where the connector is attached to the supply piping and in such a manner so as to prevent the accumulation of water or foreign matter.

(2) This connection shall be made only in the outdoor area where the appliance is to be used. [NFPA 54:9.6.2(2)]

(3) The connector length shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm).

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permitted to be connected to the building piping by means of a listed gas convenience outlet, in conjunction with a listed appliance connector, installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Gas convenience outlets shall be listed in accordance

with CSA/ANSI Z21.90/CSA 6.24 and installed in accor dance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

[NFPA 54:9.6.7]

Where a sediment trap is not incorporated as a part of the appliance, a sediment trap shall be installed downstream of the appliance shutoff valve as close to the inlet of the appliance as practical at the time of appliance installation. The sediment trap shall be either a tee fitting with a capped nipple in the bottom outlet, as illustrated in Figure 1212.9, or another device recognized as an effective sediment trap. Illuminating appliances, gas ranges, clothes dryers, decorative appliances for installation in vented fireplaces, gas fireplaces, and outdoor cooking appliances shall not be required to be so equipped. [NFPA 54:9.6.8]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

FIGURE 1212.9

METHOD OF INSTALLING A TEE FITTING SEDIMENT TRAP

[NFPA 54: FIGURE 9.6.8]

a manner not to interfere with inspection, maintenance, or servicing of the appliances. [NFPA 54:9.6.9]

ing. Liquefied petroleum gas facilities shall be in accordance with NFPA 58.

Prior to acceptance and initial operation, all piping installations shall be visually inspected and pressure tested to determine that the materials, design, fabrication, and installation practices comply with the requirements of this code. [NFPA 54:8.1.1.1]

1213.1.1 Inspection Requirements. Inspection shall consist of visual examination, during or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly, or pressure tests. [NFPA 54:8.1.1.2]

1213.1.2 Repairs and Additions. Where repairs or additions are made following the pressure test, the affected piping shall be tested. Minor repairs and additions are not required to be pressure tested, provided that the work is inspected and connections are tested with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or other leak-detecting methods approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

[NFPA 54:8.1.1.3]

1213.1.3 New Branches. Where new branches are installed to new appliance(s), only the newly installed branch(es) shall be required to be pressure tested. Connections between the new piping and the existing piping shall be tested with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or approved leak-detecting methods. [NFPA 54:8.1.1.4] 1213.1.4 Piping System. A piping system shall be tested as a complete unit or in sections. Under no circumstances shall a valve in a line be used as a bulkhead between gas in one section of the piping system and test medium in an adjacent section, unless a double block and bleed valve system is installed. A valve shall not be subjected to the test pressure unless it can be determined that the valve, including the valve closing mechanism, is designed to safely withstand the pressure. [NFPA 54:8.1.1.5] 1213.1.5 Regulators and Valves. Regulator and valve assemblies fabricated independently of the piping system in which they are to be installed shall be permitted to be tested with inert gas or air at the time of fabrication. [NFPA 54:8.1.1.6] 1213.1.6 Test Medium. The test medium shall be air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or an inert gas. Oxygen shall not be used as a test medium. [NFPA 54:8.1.2]

with Section 1213.2.1 through Section 1213.2.6. 1213.2.1 Pipe Joints. Pipe joints, including welds, shall be left exposed for examination during the test. Exception: Covered or concealed pipe end joints that have been previously tested in accordance with this code.

[NFPA 54:8.1.3.1] 1213.2.2 Expansion Joints. Expansion joints shall be provided with temporary restraints, if required, for the additional thrust load under test. [NFPA 54:8.1.3.2] 1213.2.3 Appliances and Equipment. Appliances and equipment that are not to be included in the test shall be either disconnected from the piping or isolated by blanks, blind flanges, or caps. Flanged joints at which blinds are inserted to blank off other equipment during the test shall not be required to be tested. [NFPA 54:8.1.3.3] 1213.2.4 Designed for Operating Pressures Less Than Test Pressure. Where the piping system is connected to appliances or equipment designed for operating pressures of less than the test pressure, such appliances or equipment shall be isolated from the piping system by disconnecting them and capping the outlet(s). [NFPA 54:8.1.3.4] 1213.2.5 Designed for Operating Pressures Equal to or Greater Than Test Pressure. Where the piping system is connected to appliances or equipment designed

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for operating pressures equal to or greater than the test pressure, such appliances or equipment shall be isolated from the piping system by closing the individual appliance or equipment shutoff valve(s). [NFPA 54:8.1.3.5]

1213.2.6 Safety. All testing of piping systems shall be performed in a manner that protects the safety of employees and the public during the test. [NFPA 54:8.1.3.6]

CO 2, or nitrogen pressure test, at which time the gas piping shall stand a pressure of not less than 10 psi (69 kPa) gauge pressure. Test pressures shall be held for a length of time satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction but in no case less than 15 minutes with no perceptible drop in pressure. For welded piping, and for piping carrying gas at pressures in excess of 14 inches water column pressure (3.5 kPa), the test pressure shall be not less than 60 psi (414 kPa) and shall be continued for a length of time satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, but in no case for less than 30 minutes. For CSST carrying gas at pressures in excess of 14 inches water column (3.5 kPa) pressure, the test pressure shall be not less than 30 psi (207 kPa) for 30 minutes. These tests shall be made using air, CO 2, or nitrogen pressure and shall be made in the presence of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Necessary apparatus for conducting tests shall be furnished by the permit holder. Test gauges used in conducting tests shall be in accordance with Section 318.0.

The piping system shall withstand the test pressure specified without showing any evidence of leakage or other defects. Any reduction of test pressures as indicated by pressure gauges shall be deemed to indicate the presence of a leak unless such reduction can be readily attributed to some other cause. [NFPA 54:8.1.5.1]

1213.4.1 Detecting Leaks. The leakage shall be located by means of an approved gas detector, a noncorrosive leak detection fluid, or other approved leak detection methods. [NFPA 54:8.1.5.2]

1213.4.2 Repair or Replace. Where leakage or other defects are located, the affected portion of the piping system shall be repaired or replaced and retested. [NFPA 54:8.1.5.3]

gas shall be permitted in piping systems that have been pressure-tested in accordance with Section 1213.0 through Section 1213.4.2. [NFPA 54:8.2.1]

1213.5.1 Turning Gas On. During the process of turning gas on into a system of new gas piping, the entire system shall be inspected to determine that there are no open fittings or ends and that all valves at unused outlets are closed and plugged or capped. [NFPA 54:8.2.2]

1213.5.2 Leak Check. Immediately after the gas is turned on into a new system or into a system that has been initially restored after an interruption of service, the piping system shall be checked for leakage. Where leak

age is indicated, the gas supply shall be shut off until the necessary repairs have been made. [NFPA 54:8.2.3]

1213.5.3 Placing Appliances and Equipment in Operation. Appliances and equipment shall not be placed in operation until after the piping system has been checked for leakage in accordance with Section 1213.5.2, the piping system is purged in accordance with Section 1213.6, and connections to the appliance are checked for leakage. [NFPA 54:8.2.4]

shall be in accordance with Section 1213.6.1 through Section 1213.6.3. [NFPA 54:8.3]

1213.6.1 Piping Systems Required to be Purged Outdoors. The purging of piping systems shall be in accordance with Section 1213.6.1.1 through Section 1213.6.1.5 where the piping system meets either of the following:

(1) The design operating gas pressure is greater than 2 psig (14 kPa).

(2) The piping being purged contains one or more sections of pipe or tubing meeting the size and length criteria of Table 1213.6.1. [NFPA 54:8.3.1]

TABLE 1213.6.1

SIZE AND LENGTH OF PIPING

[NFPA 54: TABLE 8.3.1]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm

• CSST EHD size of 62 is equivalent to nominal 2 inches (50 mm) pipe or tubing size.

1213.6.1.1 Removal from Service. Where existing gas piping is opened, the section that is opened shall be isolated from the gas supply and the line pressure vented in accordance with Section 1213.6.1.4. Where gas piping meeting the criteria of Table 1213.6.1 is removed from service, the residual fuel gas in the piping shall be displaced with an inert gas. [NFPA 54:8.3.1.1]

1213.6.1.2 Removal of Piping. Where piping containing gas is to be removed, the line shall be first disconnected from sources of gas and then thoroughly purged with air, water, or inert gas before cutting, or welding is done.

1213.6.1.3 Placing in Operation. Where gas piping containing air and meeting the criteria of Table

TABLE 1213.6.1

SIZE AND LENGTH OF PIPING

[NFPA 54: TABLE 8.3.1]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm

• CSST EHD size of 62 is equivalent to nominal 2 inches (50 mm) pipe or tubing size.

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1213.6.1 is placed in operation, the air in the piping shall first be displaced with an inert gas. The inert gas shall then be displaced with fuel gas in accordance with Section 1213.6.1.4. [NFPA 54:8.3.1.2]

1213.6.1.4 Outdoor Discharge of Purged Gases. The open end of a piping system being pressure vented or purged shall discharge directly to an outdoor location. Purging operations shall comply with all of the following requirements:

(1) The point of discharge shall be controlled with a shutoff valve.

(2) The point of discharge shall be located at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from sources of ignition, at least 10 feet (3048 mm) from building openings and at least 25 feet (7620 mm) from mechanical air intake openings.

(3) During discharge, the open point of discharge shall be continuously attended and monitored with a combustible gas indicator that complies with Section 1213.6.1.5.

(4) Purging operations introducing fuel gas shall be stopped when 90 percent fuel gas by volume is detected within the pipe.

(5) Persons not involved in the purging operations shall be evacuated from all areas within 10 feet

(3048 mm) of the point of discharge. [NFPA 54:8.3.1.3]

1213.6.1.5 Combustible Gas Indicator. Com bustible gas indicators shall be listed and calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Combustible gas indicators shall numerically display a volume scale from 0 percent to 100 percent in 1 percent or smaller increments. [NFPA 54:8.3.1.4]

1213.6.2 Piping Systems Allowed to be Purged Indoors or Outdoors. The purging of piping systems shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 1213.6.2.1 where the piping system meets both of the following:

(1) The design operating pressure is 2 psig (14 kPag) or less.

(2) The piping being purged is constructed entirely from pipe or tubing not meeting the size and length criteria of Table 1213.6.1. [NFPA 54:8.3.2]

1213.6.2.1 Purging Procedure. The piping system shall be purged in accordance with one or more of the following:

(1) The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the outdoors.

(2) The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the indoors or outdoors through an appliance burner not located in a combustion chamber. Such burner shall be provided with a continuous source of ignition.

(3) The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the indoors or outdoors through a burner that has a continuous source of ignition and that is designed for such pur pose.

(4) The piping shall be purged with fuel gas that is discharged to the indoors or outdoors, and the point of discharge shall be monitored with a listed combustible gas detector in accordance with Section 1213.6.2.2. Purging shall be stopped when fuel gas is detected.

(5) The piping shall be purged by the gas supplier in accordance with written procedures. [NFPA 54:8.3.2.1]

1213.6.2.2 Combustible Gas Detector. Com bustible gas detectors shall be listed and calibrated or tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions. Combustible gas detectors shall be capable of indicating the presence of fuel gas.

[NFPA 54:8.3.2.2]

1213.6.3 Purging Appliances and Equipment. After the piping system has been placed in operation, appliances and equipment shall be purged before being placed into operation. [NFPA 54:8.3.3]

with this section and Section 1215.0, shall be the standard for the installation of gas piping. Natural gas regulations and tables are based on the use of a gas having a specific gravity of 0.60 and for undiluted liquefied petroleum gas, having a specific gravity of 1.50. Where gas of a different specific gravity is to be delivered, the specific gravity conversion factors provided by the serving gas supplier shall be used in sizing piping systems from the pipe sizing tables in this chapter.

piping outlet shall be taken as not less than the maximum hourly rating as specified by the manufacturer of the appliance or appliances to be connected to each such outlet.

installed have not been specified, Table 1208.3.1 shall be permitted to be used as a reference to estimate requirements of typical appliances. To obtain the cubic feet per hour (m [3] /h) of gas required, divide the input of the appliances by the average Btu (kW•h) heating value per cubic foot (m [3] ) of the gas. The average Btu (kW•h) per cubic foot (m [3] ) of the gas in the area of the installation shall be permitted to be obtained from the serving gas supplier.

The size of the supply piping outlet for a gas appliance shall be not less than [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch in diameter (15 mm).

The size of a piping outlet for a mobile home shall be not less than [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch in diameter (20 mm).

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determined using any of the methods in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3, the diameter of each pipe segment shall be obtained from the pipe sizing tables in Section 1215.2 or from the sizing equations in Section 1215.3. [NFPA 54:6.1]

1215.1.1 Longest Length Method. The pipe size of each section of gas piping shall be determined using the longest length of piping from the point of delivery to the most remote outlet and the load of the section. [NFPA 54:6.1.1] (see calculation example in Figure 1215.1.1)

1215.1.2 Branch Length Method. Pipe shall be sized as follows:

(1) Pipe size of each section of the longest pipe run from the point of delivery to the most remote outlet shall be determined using the longest run of piping and the load of the section.

(2) The pipe size of each section of branch piping not previously sized shall be determined using the length of piping from the point of delivery to the most remote outlet in each branch and the load of the section. [NFPA 54:6.1.2]

1215.1.3 Hybrid Pressure. The pipe size for each section of higher pressure gas piping shall be determined using the longest length of piping from the point of delivery to the most remote line pressure regulator. The pipe size from the line pressure regulator to each outlet shall be determined using the length of piping from the regulator to the most remote outlet served by the regulator.

[NFPA 54:6.1.3]

systems shall be in accordance with Section 1215.2.1 for natural gas piping systems and Section 1215.2.2 for propane piping systems. 1215.2.1 Natural Gas Piping Systems. Table 1215.2(1) through Table 1215.2(23) shall be used in conjunction with one of the methods described in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3 for piping materials other than non-corrugated stainless steel tubing. Section 1215.3 shall be used in conjunction with one of the methods described in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3 for non-corrugated stainless steel tubing.

[NFPA 54:6.2.1, 6.2.2] 1215.2.2 Propane Piping Systems. Table 1215.2(24) through Table 1215.2(36) shall be used in conjunction with one of the methods described in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3 for piping materials other than non-corrugated stainless steel tubing. Section 1215.3 shall be used in conjunction with one of the methods described in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3 for non-corrugated stainless steel tubing.

[NFPA 54:6.3.1, 6.3.2]

wall pipe or tubing shall be determined by Equation 1215.3(1), Equation 1215.3(2) and Table 1215.3 using the equivalent pipe length determined by the methods in Section 1215.1.1 through Section 1215.1.3. [NFPA 54:6.4]

LOW-PRESSURE GAS FORMULA (LESS THAN 1.5 psi)

[NFPA 54:6.4.1]

[Equation 1215.3(1)]

Q [0.381] D =

0.206

19.17 [(]

Δ H )

Cr x L

Where:

D = inside diameter of pipe, inches

Q = input rate appliance(s), cubic feet per hour at 60 ˚ F and 30 inch mercury column

L = equivalent length of pipe, feet

Δ H = pressure drop, inches water column

Cr = in accordance with Table 1215.3

HIGH-PRESSURE GAS FORMULA (1.5 psi AND ABOVE)

[NFPA 54:6.4.2]

[Equation 1215.3(2)]

Q [0.381] D =

( P1 2 – P2 2 ) • Y 0.206

18.93 [[] Cr x L ]

Where:

D = inside diameter of pipe, inches

Q = input rate appliance(s), cubic feet per hour at 60°F and 30 inch mercury column

P 1 = upstream pressure, psia ( P 1 + 14.7)

P 2 = downstream pressure, psia ( P 2 + 14.7)

L = equivalent length of pipe, feet

Cr = in accordance with Table 1215.3

Y = in accordance with Table 1215.3

Q [0.381] D =

0.206

18.93 [[]

( P1 2 – P2 2 ) • Y

Cr x L ]

Cr x L

For SI units: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m [3], 1000 British thermal units per hour =

0.293 kW, 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound-force per square inch

= 6.8947 kPa, °C = (°F-32)/1.8, 1 inch mercury column = 3.39 kPa, 1 inch

water column = 0.249 kPa

TABLE 1215.3

Cr AND Y FOR NATURAL GAS AND UNDILUTED

PROPANE AT STANDARD CONDITIONS

[NFPA 54: TABLE 6.4.2]

of each section of pipe in a system within the range of Table 1215.2(1) through Table 1215.2(36), proceed as follows:

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(1) Measure the length of the pipe from the gas meter location to the most remote outlet on the system.

(2) Select the length in feet column and row showing the distance, or the next longer distance where the table does not give the exact length.

(3) Starting at the most remote outlet, find in the row just selected the gas demand for that outlet. Where the exact figure of demand is not shown, choose the next larger figure in the row.

(4) At the top of this column will be found the correct size of pipe.

(5) Using this same row, proceed in a similar manner to each section of pipe serving this outlet. For each section of pipe, determine the total gas demand supplied by that section. Where gas piping sections serve both heating and cooling appliances and the installation prevents both units from operating simultaneously, the larger of the two demand loads needs to be used in sizing these sections.

(6) Size each section of branch piping not previously sized by measuring the distance from the gas meter location to the most remote outlet in that branch and follow the procedures of steps 2, 3, 4, and 5 above. Size branch piping in the order of their distance from the meter location, beginning with the most distant outlet not previously sized.

those covered by Section 1215.1, such as longer runs or greater gas demands, the size of each gas piping system shall be determined by standard engineering methods acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, and each such system shall be so designed that the total pressure drop between the meter or another point of supply and an outlet where full demand is being supplied to all outlets, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 1208.4.

pressure exceeds 5 psi (34.6 kPa) for natural gas and 10 psi (69 kPa) for undiluted propane or is less than 6 inches (1.5 kPa) of water column, or where diversity demand factors are used, the design, pipe, sizing, materials, location, and use of such systems first shall be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Piping systems designed for pressures exceeding the serving gas supplier’s standard delivery pressure shall have prior verification from the gas supplier of the availability of the design pressure.

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FIGURE 1215.1.1

EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATING USE OF TABLE 1208.3.1 AND TABLE 1215.2(1)

Problem: Determine the required pipe size of each section and outlet of the piping system shown in Figure 1215.1.1. Gas to be used has a specific gravity of 0.60 and 1100 British thermal units (Btu) per cubic foot (0.0114 kW•h/L), delivered at 8 inch water column (2.0 kPa) pressure.

For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h

Solution:

(1) Maximum gas demand of Outlet A — 32 cubic feet per hour (0.91 m [3] /h) (from Table 1208.3.1).

Maximum gas demand of Outlet B — 3 cubic feet per hour (0.08 m [3] /h) (from Table 1208.3.1).

Maximum gas demand of Outlet C — 59 cubic feet per hour (1.67 m [3] /h) (from Table 1208.3.1).

Maximum gas demand of Outlet D — 136 cubic feet per hour (3.85 m [3] /h) [150 000 Btu/hour (44 kW) divided by 1100 Btu per cubic foot (0.0114 kW•h/L)].

(2) The length of pipe from the gas meter to the most remote outlet (Outlet A) is 60 feet (18 288 mm).

(3) Using the length in feet column row marked 60 feet (18 288 mm) in Table 1215.2(1): Outlet A, supplying 32 cubic feet per hour (0.91 m [3] /h), requires [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm) pipe. Section 1, supplying Outlets A and B, or 35 cubic feet per hour (0.99 m [3] /h) requires [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm) pipe. Section 2, supplying Outlets A, B, and C, or 94 cubic feet per hour (2.66 m [3] /h) requires [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch (20 mm) pipe. Section 3, supplying Outlets A, B, C, and D, or 230 cubic feet per hour (6.51 m [3] /h), requires 1 inch (25 mm) pipe.

(4) Using the column marked 60 feet (18 288 mm) in Table 1215.2(1): Outlet B supplying 3 cubic feet per hour (0.08 m [3] /h), requires [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm) pipe. Outlet C, supplying 59 cubic feet per hour (1.67 m [3] /h), requires [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm) pipe.

(5) Using the column marked 60 feet (18 288 mm) in Table 1215.2(1): Outlet D, supplying 136 cubic feet per hour (3.85 m [3] /h), requires [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch (20 mm) pipe.

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TABLE 1215.2(1) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(b)]1, 2

TABLE 1215.2(1) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(b)]1, 2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft3/h (0.283 m 3 /h).

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TABLE 1215.2(2) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(c)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(3) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(d)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

  - Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(4) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(e)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(5) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(f)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(6) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(g)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(7) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(h)]1, 2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft 3 /h (0.283 m 3 /h). 3 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products.

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TABLE 1215.2(8) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(i)]1, 2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft 3 /h (0.283 m 3 /h). 3 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products.

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TABLE 1215.2(9) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(j)]1, 2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft 3 /h (0.283 m 3 /h). 3 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products.

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TABLE 1215.2(10) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(k)]2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(11) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(l)]2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(12) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(m)]3

TABLE 1215.2(12) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(m)]3

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Where this table is used to size the tubing upstream of a line pressure regulator, the pipe or tubing downstream of the line pressure regulator shall be sized using a pressure drop no greater than 1 inch water column (0.249 kPa). 3 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(13) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(n)]2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 3 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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TABLE 1215.2(15) CORRUGATED STAINLESS STEEL TUBING (CSST) [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(p)] [1, 2]

For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 3 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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TABLE 1215.2(16) CORRUGATED STAINLESS STEEL TUBING (CSST) [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(q)] [1, 2]

For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 2 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 3 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table does not include effect of pressure drop across the line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds 0.75 psi (5.17 kPa), DO NOT USE THIS TABLE. Consult with regulator manufacturer for pressure drops and capacity factors. Pressure drops across a regulator are capable of varying with flow rate. 2 CAUTION: Capacities shown in table are capable of exceeding maximum capacity for a selected regulator. Consult with regulator or tubing manufacturer for guid ance. 3 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing according to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 4 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 5 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table does not include effect of pressure drop across the line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds 1 psi (7 kPa), DO NOT USE THIS TABLE. Consult with regulator manufacturer for pressure drops and capacity factors. Pressure drops across regulator are capable of varying with the flow rate. 2 CAUTION: Capacities shown in table are capable of exceeding the maximum capacity of selected regulator. Consult tubing manufacturer for guidance. 3 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (feet) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 4 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 5 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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TABLE 1215.2(19) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(t)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

  - Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(20) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(u)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(21) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(v)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

  - Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(22) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC TUBING [NFPA 54 : TABLE 6.2.1(w)] [2, ] [3]

TABLE 1215.2(23) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC TUBING [NFPA 54 : TABLE 6.2.1(x)] [2, ] [3]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column

= 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 CTS = Copper tube size. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 3 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft 3 /h (0.283 m 3 /h).

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column

= 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 CTS = Copper tube size. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 3 NA means a flow of less than 10 ft 3 /h (0.283 m 3 /h).

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TABLE 1215.2(24) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(a)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(25) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(b)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

260 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 1215.2(26) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(c)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

FUEL GAS PIPING

TABLE 1215.2(27) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(d)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

262 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 1215.2(28) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(e)]2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(29) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(f)]2, 3

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 3 NA means a flow of less than 10 000 Btu/h (2.93 kW).

264 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 1215.2(30) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(g)]2

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(31) CORRUGATED STAINLESS STEEL TUBING (CSST) [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(h)] [1, 2]

For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa Notes: 1 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 3 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

266 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa Notes: 1 Table does not include effect of pressure drop across the line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds 0.5 psi (3.4 kPa) [based on 13 inch water column (3.2 kPa) outlet pressure], DO NOT USE THIS TABLE. Consult with regulator manufacturer for pressure drops and capacity factors. Pressure drops across a regulator are capable of varying with flow rate. 2 CAUTION: Capacities shown in table are capable of exceeding the maximum capacity for a selected regulator. Consult with regulator or tubing manufacturer for guidance. 3 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 4 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 5 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

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For SI units: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa Notes: 1 Table does not include effect of pressure drop across the line regulator. Where regulator loss exceeds 0.5 psi (3.4 kPa) [based on 13 inch water column (3.2 kPa) outlet pressure], DO NOT USE THIS TABLE. Consult with regulator manufacturer for pressure drops and capacity factors. Pressure drops across a regulator are capable of varying with flow rate. 2 CAUTION: Capacities shown in table are capable of exceeding the maximum capacity for a selected regulator. Consult with regulator or tubing manufacturer for guidance. 3 Table includes losses for four 90 degree (1.57 rad) bends and two end fittings. Tubing runs with larger numbers of bends, fittings, or both shall be increased by an equivalent length of tubing to the following equation: L = 1.3 n, where L is additional length (ft) of tubing and n is the number of additional fittings, bends, or both. 4 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits. 5 EHD = Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter, which is a measure of the relative hydraulic efficiency between different tubing sizes. The greater the value of EHD, the greater the gas capacity of the tubing.

268 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 1215.2(34) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(k)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

  - Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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TABLE 1215.2(35) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(l)]*

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa

• Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

270 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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TABLE 1215.2(36) POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(m)] [2]

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

Notes: 1 CTS = Copper tube size. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

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272 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE