Chapter 3 — GENERAL REGULATIONS

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

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CHAPTER 3

GENERAL REGULATIONS

requirements, not specific to other chapters, for the installation of plumbing systems.

Pipe, pipe fittings, traps, fixtures, material, and devices used in a plumbing system shall be listed (third-party certified) by a listing agency (accredited conformity assessment body) as complying with the approved applicable recognized standards referenced in this code, and shall be free from defects. Unless otherwise provided for in this code, materials, fixtures, or devices used or entering into the construction of plumbing systems, or parts thereof shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for approval prior to being installed. 301.2.1 Marking. Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting, trap, fixture, material, and device used in a plumbing system shall have cast, stamped, or indelibly marked on it any markings required by the applicable referenced standards and listing agency, and the manufacturer’s mark or name, which shall readily identify the manufacturer to the end user of the product. Where required by the approved standard that applies, the product shall be marked with the weight and the quality of the product. Materials and devices used or entering into the construction of plumbing and drainage systems, or parts thereof shall be marked and identified in a manner satisfactory to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Such marking shall be done by the manufacturer. Field markings shall not be acceptable.

Exception: Markings shall not be required on nipples created from cutting and threading of approved pipe.

301.2.2 Standards. Standards listed or referred to in this chapter or other chapters cover materials that will conform to the requirements of this code, where used in accordance with the limitations imposed in this or other chapters thereof and their listing. Where a standard covers materials of various grades, weights, quality, or configurations, the portion of the listed standard that is applicable shall be used. Design and materials for special conditions or materials not provided for herein shall be permitted to be used by special permission of the Authority Having Jurisdiction after the Authority Having Jurisdiction has been satisfied as to their adequacy. A list of plumbing standards that appear in specific sections of this code is referenced in Table 1701.1. Standards referenced in Table 1701.1 shall be applied as indicated in the applicable referenced section. A list of additional approved standards, publications, practices, and guides that are not referenced in specific sections of this code appear in Table 1701.2. An IAPMO Installation Standard is referenced in Appendix I for the convenience of the users of this code. It is not considered as a part of this code unless formally adopted as such by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

301.2.3 Plastic Pipe, Plastic Pipe Fittings, and Components. Plastic pipe, plastic pipe fittings, and components other than those for gas shall comply with NSF/ANSI 14.

301.2.4 Cast-Iron Soil Pipe, Fittings, and Hubless Couplings. Cast-iron soil pipe, fittings, and hubless couplings shall be third party certified in accordance with ASTM C1277 and CISPI 310 for couplings and ASTM A888, ASTM A74, and CISPI 301 for pipes and fittings. 301.2.5 Existing Buildings. In existing buildings or premises in which plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated, the Authority Having Jurisdiction has discretionary powers to permit deviation from the provisions of this code, provided that such proposal to deviate is first submitted for proper determination in order that health and safety requirements, as they pertain to plumbing, shall be observed.

Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this code. Technical documentation shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency prior to installation. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to approve or disapprove the system, method, or device for the intended purpose.

[HCD 1] (See Section 1.8.7)

However, the exercise of this discretionary approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have no effect beyond the jurisdictional boundaries of said Authority Having Jurisdiction. An alternate material or method of construction so approved shall not be considered as in accordance with the requirements, intent, or both of this code for a purpose other than that granted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction where the submitted data does not prove equivalency. 301.3.1 Testing. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to require tests, as proof of equivalency.

301.3.1.1 Tests. Tests shall be made in accordance with approved or applicable standards, by an approved testing agency at the expense of the applicant. In the absence of such standards, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to specify the test procedure. 301.3.1.2 Request by Authority Having Juris- diction. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to require tests to be made or repeated where there is reason to believe that a material or device no longer is in accordance with the requirements on which its approval was based.

located above the elevation in accordance with the building code for utilities and attendant equipment or the elevation of the lowest floor, whichever is higher.

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

Exception: Plumbing systems shall be permitted to be located below the elevation in accordance with the building code for utilities and attendant equipment or the elevation of the lowest floor, whichever is higher, provided that the systems are designed and installed to prevent water from entering or accumulating within their components, and the systems are constructed to resist hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence of flooding to such elevation. 301.4.1 Coastal High Hazard Areas. Plumbing systems in buildings located in coastal high hazard areas shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 301.4, and plumbing systems, pipes, and fixtures shall not be mounted on or penetrate through walls that are intended to breakaway under flood loads in accordance with the California Building Code or California Resi- dential Code .

engineered design shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code and shall provide an equivalent level of quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability, and safety. Material, equipment, or components shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installa tion instructions.

301.5.1 Permit Application. The registered design professional shall indicate on the design documents that the plumbing system, or parts thereof, is an alternative engineered design so that it is noted on the construction permit application. The permit and permanent permit records shall indicate that an alternative engineered design was part of the approved installation. 301.5.2 Technical Data. The registered design professional shall submit sufficient technical data to substantiate the proposed alternative engineered design and to prove that the performance meets the intent of this code. 301.5.3 Design Documents. The registered design professional shall provide two complete sets of signed and sealed design documents for the alternative engineered design for submittal to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The design documents shall include floor plans and a riser diagram of the work. Where appropriate, the design documents shall indicate the direction of flow, pipe sizes, grade of horizontal piping, loading, and location of fixtures and appliances. 301.5.4 Design Approval. An approval of an alternative engineered design shall be at the discretion of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The exercise of this discretionary approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have no effect beyond the jurisdictional boundaries of said Authority Having Jurisdiction. An alternative engineered design so approved shall not be considered as in accordance with the requirements, intent, or both of this code for a purpose other than that granted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 301.5.5 Design Review. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall have the authority to require testing of the alternative engineered design in accordance with Section 301.3.1, including the authority to require an independ

ent review of the design documents by a registered design professional selected by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and at the expense of the applicant. 301.5.6 Inspection and Testing. The alternative engineered design shall be tested and inspected in accordance with the submitted testing and inspection plan and the requirements of this code.

systems installed in tall wood (mass timber) buildings, shall comply with the following:

(1) Be designed by a licensed plumbing contractor or a registered design professional in accordance with this code and the building code.

(2) Be designed to accommodate expansion, contraction, and differential movement between parts of a tall wood (mass timber) building in accordance with Section 312.2.

provisions contained in this code shall not apply to one- and two-family dwelling private sewage disposal systems and minimum plumbing facilities when alternate facilities or installations have been approved by the local health author- ity, provided that such alternative facilities or installations provide substantially equivalent or greater protection to health and safety.

Section 309 of the California Existing Building Code for gen- eral requirements.

shall be standard-weight iron pipe size (IPS) pipe.

suffer, or permit the disposal of sewage, human excrement, or other liquid wastes, in a place or manner, except through and by means of an approved drainage system, installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this code. Exception: [HCD 1] Limited-density owner-built rural dwellings. A water closet shall not be required when an alter- nate system is provided and has been approved by the local health official. Where an alternative to the water closet is installed, a system for the disposal or treatment of graywater shall be provided to the dwelling. Graywater systems shall be designed according to water availability, use and discharge. The design, use and maintenance standards of such systems shall be the prerogative of the local health official.

and appliances, used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage, shall be connected properly to the drainage system of the building or premises, in accordance with the requirements of this code.

Exception: [HCD 1] Limited-density owner-built rural dwellings. Where conventional plumbing, in all or in part, is

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

installed within the structure, it shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code. Alternative materials and methods shall be permitted provided that the design complies with the intent of the code, and that such alternatives shall per- form to protect health and safety for the intended purpose.

It shall be unlawful for a person to deposit, by any means whatsoever, into a plumbing fixture, floor drain, interceptor, sump, receptor, or device, which is connected to a drainage system, public sewer, private sewer, septic tank, or cesspool, any ashes; cinders; solids; rags; inflammable, poisonous, or explosive liquids or gases; oils; grease; or any other thing whatsoever that is capable of causing damage to the drainage system or public sewer.

Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or detrimental to the functioning of the sewage treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of as found necessary and directed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

plumbing system that is capable of being deleterious to surface or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or a waterway unless it has first been rendered safe by some acceptable form of treatment in accordance with the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

no plumbing system, drainage system, building sewer, private sewage disposal system, or parts thereof shall be located in a lot other than the lot that is the site of the building, structure, or premises served by such facilities.

No subdivision, sale, or transfer of ownership of existing property shall be made in such manner that the area, clearance, and access requirements of this code are decreased.

shall not be so located as to interfere with the normal use thereof or with the normal operation and use of windows, doors, or other required facilities.

workmanship shall be in accordance with accepted engineering practices and shall be of such character as to secure the results sought to be obtained by this code.

cracks, holes, or other imperfections in materials by welding, brazing, or soldering or by using therein or thereon paint, wax, tar, solvent cement, or other leak-sealing or repair agent.

be reamed to the full bore of the pipe or tube, and chips shall be removed.

installed in a workmanlike manner which is in accordance with this code, applicable standards, and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. All materials shall be installed so as not to adversely affect the systems and equipment or the structure of the building, and in compliance with all laws and other provisions of this code. All plumbing systems shall be in accordance with construction documents approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

shall be designed and installed in conformance with sound limitations as required in the California Building Code .

branch, single or double tapped tee branch, side inlet quarter bend, running thread, band, or saddle shall be used as a drainage fitting.

piping shall be drilled and tapped for the purpose of making connections thereto, and no cast-iron soil pipe shall be threaded.

made to a closet bend or stub of a water closet or similar fix ture.

Except as hereinafter provided in Section 908.0 through Section 911.0, no vent pipe shall be used as a soil or waste pipe, nor shall a soil or waste pipe be used as a vent. Also, single-stack drainage and venting systems with unvented branch lines are prohibited.

connection, appliance, device, or method of installation that obstructs or retards the flow of water, wastes, sewage, or air in the drainage or venting systems, in an amount exceeding the normal frictional resistance to flow, shall be used unless it is indicated as acceptable in this code or is approved in accordance with Section 301.2 of this code. The enlargement of a 3 inch (80 mm) closet bend or stub to 4 inches (100 mm) shall not be considered an obstruction.

where intermembering or mixing of dissimilar metals occurs, the point of connection shall be confined to exposed or accessible locations.

be installed in correct relationship to the direction of flow.

cast-iron, copper, copper alloy, malleable iron, PVC, steel, or other approved materials. Threads shall be tapped out of solid metal or molded in solid ABS or PVC.

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

tapered (NPT) threaded connections shall not be allowed to be used when threaded onto a male metallic connection.

Exception: Female plastic parallel (straight) threaded connections shall be permitted.

Except as provided in Section 705.9.4, PVC and ABS pipe and fittings shall not be solvent welded to dissimilar material.

ating and delivery rooms, nurseries, food preparation cen- ters, food-serving facilities, food storage areas, compounding ante and buffer rooms and other sensitive areas shall be kept to a minimum and shall not be exposed. Special precautions shall be taken to protect these areas from possible leakage from necessary overhead drainage piping systems. Piping over switchboards, panel boards, and motor control centers are subject to restrictions of the California Electrical Code where applicable.

itary drainage cleanouts and handwashing fixtures shall not be installed in operating and delivery rooms. Floor drains with self-priming traps may be installed in cystoscopic rooms. Floor drains shall not be installed in compounding buffer or

ante rooms.

lated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, plastic piping shall not be exposed as a portion of the interior room finish in a build- ing or structure if the piping has a flame-spread rating exceed- ing 75 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84, “Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.”

& 5] Refer to Sections 1224.4.1, 1225.2.1 and 1228.4.1.1, Cal- ifornia Building Code.

[OSHPD 1, 4 & 5] Where telecommunications service entrance rooms, technology equipment centers, or technology distribution rooms are provided in accordance with Section

and fixtures that are not directly related to the support of the room shall not be installed in or pass through the room.

and new work installed in an existing building shall be separate and independent from that of any other building, and, where available, every building shall have an independent connection with a public or private sewer.

Exception: Where one building stands in the rear of another building on an interior lot, and no public or private sewer is available or can be constructed to the rear building through an adjoining court, yard, or driveway, the building drain from the front building shall be permitted to be extended to the rear building.

Note: Accessory dwelling units are not required to have inde- pendent service utility (drainage) connections provided they meet the specific requirements in Government Code Section 65852.2.

Structures.

be protected from breakage. Piping passing through or under cinders or other corrosive materials shall be protected from external corrosion in an approved manner. Approved provisions shall be made for expansion of hot water piping. Voids around piping passing through concrete floors on the ground shall be sealed.

system shall be so installed that piping or connections will not be subject to undue strains or stresses, and provisions shall be made for expansion, contraction, and structural settlement. No plumbing piping shall be directly embedded in concrete or masonry. No structural member shall be seriously weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise, as defined in the California Building Code or California Residential Code .

No building sewer or other drainage piping or part thereof, constructed of materials other than those approved for use under or within a building, shall be installed under or within 2 feet (610 mm) of a building or structure, or less than 1 foot (305 mm) below the surface of the ground.

Piping subject to corrosion, erosion, or mechanical damage shall be protected in an approved manner.

or tubing shall be inspected and tested, and a visible void, damage, or imperfection to the pipe coating shall be repaired in an approved manner.

shall be installed or permitted outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, or in an exterior wall unless, where necessary, adequate provision is made to protect such pipe from freezing.

of fire-resistance-rated walls, partitions, floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of the Cal- ifornia Building Code or California Residential Code .

around pipes, ducts, or other appurtenances shall be made watertight by the use of lead, copper, galvanized iron, or other approved flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be made watertight. Counterflashing shall not restrict the required internal cross-sectional area of the vent.

Plastic piping or tubing, and copper or copper alloy piping or tubing penetrating framing members to within 1 inch (25.4 mm) of the exposed framing shall be protected by steel nail plates not less than No. 18 gauge (0.0478 inches) (1.2 mm) in thickness. The steel nail plate shall extend along the framing member not less than 1 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) beyond the outside diameter of the pipe or tubing. Fuel gas piping shall be protected in accordance with Section 1210.4.3.

Sleeves shall be provided to protect piping through concrete and masonry walls, and concrete floors. Exception: Sleeves shall not be required where openings are drilled or bored.

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

312.10.1 Building Loads. Piping through concrete or masonry walls shall not be subject to a load from building construction.

312.10.2 Exterior Walls. In exterior walls, annular space between sleeves and pipes shall be sealed and made watertight, as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A penetration through fire-resistive construction shall be in accordance with Section 312.7.

312.10.3 Firewalls. A pipe sleeve through a firewall shall have space around the pipe completely sealed with an approved fire-resistive material in accordance with other codes.

A structural member weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise shall be reinforced, repaired, or replaced so as to be left in a safe structural condition in accordance with the requirements of the California Building Code or California Residential Code .

shall be designed and installed so that no opening exceeds [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (12.7 mm) in the least dimension.

312.12.1 Meter Boxes. Meter boxes shall be con structed in such a manner as to restrict rodents or vermin from entering a building by following the service pipes from the box into the building. 312.12.2 Metal Collars. In or on buildings where openings have been made in walls, floors, or ceilings for the passage of pipes, such openings shall be closed and protected by the installation of approved metal collars securely fastened to the adjoining structure. 312.12.3 Tub Waste Openings. Tub waste openings in framed construction to crawl spaces at or below the first floor shall be protected by the installation of approved metal collars or metal screen securely fastened to the adjoining structure with no opening exceeding [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (12.7 mm) in the least dimension.

appurtenances shall be supported in accordance with this code, the manufacturer’s installation instructions, and in accordance with the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Seismic restraints shall be in accordance with the building code.

sufficient strength to support the weight of the pipe or tubing and its contents. Piping or tubing shall be isolated from incompatible materials.

Suspended piping shall be supported at intervals not to exceed those shown in Table 313.3.

Piping shall be supported in such a manner as to maintain its alignment and prevent sagging.

shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length; where other support is otherwise provided, it shall be approved in accordance with Section 301.2.

smaller than those shown in Table 313.6.

TABLE 313.6

HANGER ROD SIZES

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm

straps or hooks at intervals not to exceed those shown in Table 1210.3.5.1.

California Building Code for seismic anchorage and bracing requirements and accommodations for building displace-

ments.

building or structure, and paralleling the same, shall be located not less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from the bottom exterior edge of the footing, or as approved in accordance with Section 301.0.

be permitted to be done in yards, courts, or driveways of a building site. Where sufficient depth is available to permit, tunnels shall be permitted to be used between open-cut trenches.

Tunnels shall have a clear height of 2 feet (610 mm) above the pipe and shall be limited in length to one-half the depth of the trench, with a maximum length of 8 feet (2438 mm). Where pipes are driven, the drive pipe shall be not less than one size larger than the pipe to be laid.

for the installation of a building drainage system or part thereof, within the walls of a building, shall be open trench work and shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected, tested, and accepted.

Excavations shall be completely backfilled as soon after inspection as practicable. Precaution shall be taken to ensure compactness of backfill around piping without damage to such piping. Trenches shall be backfilled in thin layers to 12 inches (305 mm) above the top of the piping with clean earth, which shall not contain stones, boulders, cinder fill, frozen earth, construction debris, or other materials that will damage or break the piping or cause corrosive action. Mechanical devices such as bulldozers, graders, etc., shall be permitted to be then used to complete backfill to grade. Fill shall be properly compacted. Precautions shall be taken to ensure permanent stability for pipe laid in filled or made ground.

Underground thermoplastic pipe and fittings for sewers and other gravity flow applications shall be installed in accordance with this code and Section 314.4.1.

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

314.4.1 Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings. Trench width for thermoplastic sewer pipe shall be not less than 1.25 times the outside diameter of the piping plus 12 inches (305 mm) or the outside diameter of the piping plus not less than 16 inches (406 mm). Thermoplastic piping shall be bedded in not less than 4 inches (102 mm) of granular fill supporting the piping. The backfill for thermoplastic piping shall be compacted along the sides of the piping in 6 inch (152 mm) layers and continue to not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above the piping. Compaction shall be not less than an 85 percent standard proctor density.

used in drainage piping where accessibly located in the trap seal or between a fixture and its trap; in the vent system, except underground or in wet vents; at any point in the water supply system; and in gas piping as permitted by Section 1212.6.

connection that has an enlargement, chamber, or recess with a ledge, shoulder, or reduction of pipe area that offers an obstruction to flow through the drain shall be prohibited.

are to be connected, the proper size increasers or reducers or reducing fittings shall be used between the two sizes. Copper alloy or cast-iron body cleanouts shall not be used as a reducer or adapter from cast-iron drainage pipe to iron pipe size (IPS) pipe.

or displayed beneath soil or drainpipes unless those areas are protected against leakage or condensation from such pipes reaching the food or drink as described below. Where building design requires that soil or drainpipes be located over such areas, the installation shall be made with the least possible number of joints and shall be installed to connect to the nearest adequately sized vertical stack with the provisions as follows:

(1) Openings through floors over such areas shall be sealed watertight to the floor construction.

(2) Floor and shower drains installed above such areas shall be equipped with integral seepage pans.

(3) Soil or drainpipes shall be of an approved material as listed in Chapter 17 and Section 701.2. Materials shall comply with established standards. Cleanouts shall be extended through the floor construction above.

(4) Piping subject to operation at temperatures that will form condensation on the exterior of the pipe shall be thermally insulated.

(5) Where pipes are installed in ceilings above such areas, the ceiling shall be of the removable type or shall be pro

vided with access panels to form a ready access for inspection of piping.

are performed utilizing dial gauges, shall be limited to gauges having the following pressure graduations or incrementations.

Required pressure tests of 10 pounds-force per square inch (psi) (69 kPa) or less shall be performed with gauges of 0.10 psi (0.69 kPa) incrementation or less.

Required pressure tests exceeding 10 psi (69 kPa) but less than or equal to 100 psi (689 kPa) shall be performed with gauges of 1 psi (7 kPa) incrementation or less.

pressure tests exceeding 100 psi (689 kPa) shall be performed with gauges incremented for 2 percent or less of the required test pressure.

range not exceeding twice the test pressure applied.

requirements of Chapter 13. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall require evidence of the competency of the installers and verifiers.

Where pressure piping systems are rehabilitated using an epoxy lining system, it shall be in accordance with ASTM F2831.

(Surgical Clinics), 4 & 5] During periods of power out- ages essential electrical power shall be provided for the fol- lowing equipment:

(1) Domestic water booster pumps.

(2) Domestic hot water circulating pumps.

(3) Sewage ejector pumps.

(4) Sump pumps and drainage pumps.

(5) Domestic water heating equipment and their controls.

(6) Fuel pumps.

(7) Grease removal devices requiring electrical power.

(8) Domestic hot water high temperature alarm.

projects associated with provision of psychiatric services in acute psychiatric hospitals, general acute care hospitals, and special treatment program service units in skilled nursing facilities, special design considerations for injury and suicide prevention shall be given to shower, bath, toilet, and sink plumbing fixtures. Shower heads shall be of flush-mounted design to minimize anchor points.

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GENERAL REGULATIONS

3, 4 & 5] Plumbing equipment schedules shall clearly indi- cate which equipment will be on essential power or appro- priate special seismic certifications.

TABLE 313.3

HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm

Notes: 1 Support adjacent to joint, not to exceed 18 inches (457 mm). 2 Brace not to exceed 40 foot (12 192 mm) intervals to prevent horizontal movement. 3 Support at each horizontal branch connection. 4 Hangers shall not be placed on the coupling. 5 Vertical water lines shall be permitted to be supported in accordance with recognized engineering principles with regard to expansion and contraction, where first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

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CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE