CRC · California Residential Code
What CRC sections govern headers and minimum studs adjacent to openings?
Homeowner summary: The Residential Code (see **§ R602.7.5**) requires each header to be supported at both ends (jack studs or approved anchors) and specifies how many full‑height studs must be placed next to each header end—more studs are required for longer headers and higher wind/exposure. For small, nonbearing walls there’s a simpler allowance in **§ R602.7.4**.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — plain English
Every header in an exterior wall (and in interior load‑bearing walls) must be supported at each end by jack stud(s) or an approved framing anchor, and the minimum number of full‑height studs adjacent to each end of the header is set by the code based on the header span and wind/exposure. The controlling provision is § R602.7.5.
The single most important rule: a header must be supported at each end (jack studs or approved anchor) and you must provide the minimum number of full‑height studs at each end listed in § R602.7.5.
Requirements in detail
Scope and general rule
- Headers are required over openings in exterior walls and interior load‑bearing walls; different header constructions (wood, steel, box/back‑to‑back, etc.) are addressed elsewhere, but the support and stud requirements at the ends are specified in § R602.7.5.
- Support methods: headers shall be supported on each end with one or more jack studs or with approved framing anchors (see Tables R602.7(1) and R602.7(2)). The adjacent full‑height stud shall be end‑nailed to the header per Table R602.3(1). § R602.7.5 requires the minimum number of full‑height studs at each end as given in Table R602.7.5.
Minimum full‑height studs — decision table
Use the table below to select the minimum number of full‑height studs required at each end of a header. For header spans between the listed values, use the number associated with the larger span. The table differentiates by ultimate design wind speed and exposure. Source: § R602.7.5 and Table R602.7.5.
| Maximum header span (feet) | Min full‑height studs at each end — < 140 mph, Exposure B or < 130 mph, Exposure C | Min full‑height studs at each end — ≤ 115 mph, Exposure B | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 1 | 1 | § R602.7.5 |
| 6 | 2 | 1 | § R602.7.5 |
| 8 | 2 | 1 | § R602.7.5 |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | § R602.7.5 |
| 12 | 3 | 2 | § R602.7.5 |
| 14 | 3 | 2 | § R602.7.5 |
| 16 | 4 | 2 | § R602.7.5 |
| 18 | 4 | 2 | § R602.7.5 |
Notes tied to the table (paraphrased from the code):
- For spans between table entries, adopt the minimum count for the larger span. § R602.7.5.
- The tabulated minima assume jack studs are provided to support the header per Table R602.7(1); if a framing anchor replaces a jack stud in accordance with that table’s note, use the requirements for the higher wind/exposure column (i.e., treat as the < 140 mph, Exposure B / < 130 mph, Exposure C case). § R602.7.5.
Connections & fasteners
- The adjacent full‑height stud must be end‑nailed to the end of the header in accordance with Table R602.3(1) (nailing/connectivity requirements). § R602.7.5.
- Where jack studs = 1 in the header table, the header may alternatively be supported by an approved framing anchor attached to the full‑height stud (see Table R602.7(1) notes). § R602.7.5.
Nonbearing walls
- Nonbearing walls do not require load‑bearing headers; a single flat 2×4 (nominal) member may be used for openings up to 8 feet if the vertical distance to parallel nailing surface above is ≤ 24 inches; cripples/blocking are not required above such nonbearing headers. See § R602.7.4.
Exceptions & special cases
- Framing anchor substitution: when a framing anchor is used in lieu of a jack stud per Table R602.7(1) NOTE d, the minimum full‑height studs at each header end are governed by the higher wind/exposure requirement (the < 140 mph / Exposure B column) — i.e., you cannot use the lower‑wind column when anchors are substituted unless specifically allowed by the table note. § R602.7.5.
- Header spans not listed in the table: use the minima for the next larger span. § R602.7.5.
- Nonbearing walls: openings in nonbearing walls may use simplified single‑member headers under the limits in § R602.7.4; the minimum‑full‑height‑stud table in § R602.7.5 applies to exterior walls (see scope) and load‑bearing conditions.
If a topic or special construction (for example, engineered headers, unusual seismic requirements, or proprietary header connectors) is not explicitly shown in these retrieved sections, the CRC requires that the element be designed in accordance with the applicable design provisions or manufacturer instructions — consult the relevant CRC header tables or a design professional. (The specific engineered header design text is not fully reproduced here in the retrieved snippets.)
Common mistakes
- Assuming a single king stud counts as the required full‑height stud — the code requires the minimum number of full‑height studs at each end per § R602.7.5 (often >1 for larger spans or higher wind).
- Failing to provide jack studs (or approved anchors) at each end before counting on the lower‑wind column of the table; the tabulated minima assume jack studs unless a framing anchor is explicitly permitted. § R602.7.5.
- Using nonbearing‑header allowances (single flat 2×4 up to 8 ft) in a bearing condition — § R602.7.4 applies only to nonbearing walls.
- Omitting required end nailing between the full‑height stud and the header — the full‑height stud must be end‑nailed to the header per Table R602.3(1) as called out in § R602.7.5.
Worked example
Scenario: Exterior wall header span = 10 ft, location has ultimate design wind speed < 140 mph in Exposure B, and jack studs are provided at each end.
- From the table in § R602.7.5, a 10‑ft header requires 3 full‑height studs at each end in the < 140 mph / Exposure B column. So provide 3 full‑height studs at each end of the header. § R602.7.5.
- Provide the required jack studs under the header as indicated in Table R602.7(1) (jack studs support the header). § R602.7.5.
- End‑nail the adjacent full‑height stud to the header per Table R602.3(1) connection requirements. § R602.7.5.
If instead the project were in a lower‑wind area (≤ 115 mph Exposure B) the same 10‑ft header would need 2 full‑height studs at each end per the lower‑wind column, but only if the other assumptions/notes apply. See § R602.7.5.
Related provisions
- § R602.7.4 — Nonbearing walls and single‑flat‑member header allowance (nonbearing header up to 8 ft).
- § R602.7.5 — Supports for headers; minimum number of full‑height studs and required end‑nailing.
- Table R602.7(1) and Table R602.7(2) — Methods for supporting headers (jack studs vs. framing anchors) (referenced in § R602.7.5).
- Table R602.3(1) — Nailing/end‑connection requirements referenced for end‑nailing the full‑height stud to the header (§ R602.7.5 references this table).
- § R602.3.1 / Table R602.3(5) — Stud size, height and spacing (minimum stud characteristics and where § R602.7.5’s minima plug into stud sizing rules).
- § R603.6 / § R603.7 — Steel header and jack/king‑stud provisions when steel framing is used (steel header construction and stud counts are covered in Chapter R603).
If you need the full text of Tables R602.7(1), R602.7(2), Table R602.3(1) or the complete header span tables for header sizing (R602.7 header span tables), say so and I will extract those specific tables from the CRC text for you. The snippets used above are from the 2025 CRC text retrieved here.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Residential Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
d, e
HEADER SPAN
STRENGTH AXIS
HEADER DEPT
BOTTOM PL
JACK
STUDSb
TRENGTH AXIS
|||| |INSULATION AS
REQUIRED
WOOD
STRUCTURAL
PANELc, d, e
HEADER SPAN
STRENGTH AXIS
HEADER DEPT
BOTTOM PL
JACK
STUDSb
TRENGTH AXIS
|||| |INSULATION AS
REQUIRED
WOOD
STRUCTURAL
PANELc, d, e
HEADER SPAN
STRENGTH AXIS
HEADER DEPT
BOTTOM PL
JACK
STUDSb
TRENGTH AXIS
|||| |INSULATION AS
REQUIRED
WOOD
STRUCTURAL
PANELc, d, e
HEADER SPAN
STRENGTH AXIS
HEADER DEPT
BOTTOM PL
JACK
STUDSb
TRENGTH AXIS
||||SECTION
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
Notes:
a. The top and bottom plates shall be continuous at header location. b. Jack studs shall be used for spans over 4 feet. c. Cripple spacing shall be the same as for studs. d. Wood structural panel faces shall be single pieces of [15] / 32 -inch-thick Exposure 1 (exterior glue) or thicker, installed on the interior or exterior or both sides of the header. e. Wood structural panel faces shall be nailed to framing and cripples with 8d common or galvanized box nails spaced 3 inches on center, staggering alternate nails [1] / 2 inch. Galvanized nails shall be hot-dipped or tumbled.
R602.7.4 Nonbearing walls. Load-bearing headers are not required in interior or exterior nonbearing walls. A single flat 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) member shall be permitted to be used as a header in interior or exterior nonbearing walls for openings up to 8 feet (2438 mm) in width if the vertical distance to the parallel nailing surface above is not more than 24 inches (610 mm). For such nonbearing headers, cripples or blocking are not required above the header.
R602.7.5 Supports for headers. Headers shall be supported on each end with one or more jack studs or with approved framing anchors in accordance with Table R602.7(1) or R602.7(2). The full-height stud adjacent to each end of the header shall be end nailed to each end of the header in accordance with Table R602.3(1). The minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a header shall be in accordance with Table R602.7.5.
CRC § 6-83 High relevance — show source text
Deflection criteria:L/360 for live loads,L/240 for total loads.
b. Design load assumptions:
Second-floor dead load is 10 psf.
Roof/ceiling dead load is 12 psf.
Second-floor live load is 40 psf.
Third floor live load is 30 psf.
Attic live load is 10 psf.
c. Building width is in the direction of horizontal framing members supported by the header.
d. Minimum Grade 33 ksi steel shall be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses. Minimum Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thicknesses.|2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 6-83
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
TRACK
TRACK
TRACK
TRACK OR C-SHAPE ATTACH WITH NO. 8 SCREWS (MINIMUM DEPTH = HEADER DEPTH MINUS ½ INCH)
KING STUD(S)
JACK STUD(S)
NO. 8 SCREWS THROUGH SHEATHING TO EACH JACK AND KING STUD
AT 12 ON CENTER ˝
STRUCTURAL SHEATHING
FIGURE R603.6(1)—BOX BEAM HEADER
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
FIGURE R603.6(2)—BACK-TO-BACK HEADER
2-NO. 8 SCREWS
AT 24 ON CENTER ˝ (2 SCREWS THROUGH TOP FLANGES AND 2 SCREWS THROUGH BOTTOM FLANGES)
BACK-T0-BACK C-SHAPES
2-NO. 8 SCREWS
AT 24 ON CENTER ˝
CRIPPLE STUD
STRUCTURAL SHEATHING
TRACK
2 ˝ x 2 ˝ CLIP ANGLE ATTACHED
WITH NO. 8 SCREWS, MINIMUM LENGTH = WEB DEPTH MINUS ½ INCH
TRACK
JACK STUDS (AS REQUIRED)
KING STUDS (AS REQUIRED)
NO. 8 SCREWS THROUGH SHEATHING TO EACH JACK
& KING STUD AT 12 ON CENTER ˝
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
R603.6.1 Headers in gable endwalls. Box beam and back-to-back headers in gable endwalls shall be permitted to be constructed in accordance with Section R603.6 or with the header directly above the opening in accordance with Figures R603.6.1(1) and R603.6.1(2) and the following provisions:
- Two 362S162-33 for openings less than or equal to 4 feet (1219 mm).
- Two 600S162-43 for openings greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) but less than or equal to 6 feet (1829 mm).
- Two 800S162-54 for openings greater than 6 feet (1829 mm) but less than or equal to 9 feet (2743 mm).
6-84 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
CRIPPLE STUD
HEAD TRACK
C-SHAPES
CRIPPLE STUD
HEAD TRACK
C-SHAPES
KING STUD(S)
TRACK OR C-SHAPE
JACK STUD(S)
CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
AT 24 ON CENTER ˝
CRIPPLE STUD
STRUCTURAL SHEATHING
TRACK
2 ˝ x 2 ˝ CLIP ANGLE ATTACHED
WITH NO. 8 SCREWS, MINIMUM LENGTH = WEB DEPTH MINUS ½ INCH
TRACK
JACK STUDS (AS REQUIRED)
KING STUDS (AS REQUIRED)
NO. 8 SCREWS THROUGH SHEATHING TO EACH JACK
& KING STUD AT 12 ON CENTER ˝
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
R603.6.1 Headers in gable endwalls. Box beam and back-to-back headers in gable endwalls shall be permitted to be constructed in accordance with Section R603.6 or with the header directly above the opening in accordance with Figures R603.6.1(1) and R603.6.1(2) and the following provisions:
- Two 362S162-33 for openings less than or equal to 4 feet (1219 mm).
- Two 600S162-43 for openings greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) but less than or equal to 6 feet (1829 mm).
- Two 800S162-54 for openings greater than 6 feet (1829 mm) but less than or equal to 9 feet (2743 mm).
6-84 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
CRIPPLE STUD
HEAD TRACK
C-SHAPES
CRIPPLE STUD
HEAD TRACK
C-SHAPES
KING STUD(S)
TRACK OR C-SHAPE
JACK STUD(S)
KING STUD(S)
2 IN. x 2 IN. CLIP ANGLE
JACK STUD(S)
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
FIGURE R603.6.1(1)—BOX BEAM HEADER IN GABLE ENDWALL
FIGURE R603.6.1(2)—BACK-TO-BACK HEADER IN GABLE ENDWALL
R603.7 Jack and king studs. The number of jack and king studs installed on each side of a header shall comply with Table R603.7(1). King, jack and cripple studs shall be of the same dimension and thickness as the adjacent wall studs. Headers shall be connected to king studs in accordance with Table R603.7(2) and the following provisions:
For box beam headers, one-half of the total number of required screws shall be applied to the header and one- half to the king stud by use of C-shaped or track member in accordance with Figure R603.6(1). The track or C-shaped sections shall extend the depth of the header minus [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and shall have a minimum thickness not less than that of the wall studs.
For back-to-back headers, one-half the total number of screws shall be applied to the header and one-half to the king stud by use of a minimum 2-inch by 2-inch (51 mm by 51 mm) clip angle in accordance with Figure R603.6(2). The clip angle shall extend the depth of the header minus [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and shall have a minimum thickness not less than that of the wall studs. Jack and king studs shall be interconnected with structural sheathing in accordance with Figures R603.6(1) and R603.6(2).
CRC § 2308.9.4 High relevance — show source text
The top plate shall not be required over headers that are in the same plane and in line with the upper surface of the adjacent top plates and are tied to adjacent wall sections as required for the butt joint splice between adjacent single top plates. Where bearing studs are spaced at 24-inch (610 mm) intervals, top plates are less than two 2-inch by 6-inch (51 mm by 152 mm) or two 3-inch by 4-inch (76 mm by 102 mm) members and the floor joists, floor trusses or roof trusses that they support are spaced at more than 16-inch (406 mm) intervals, such joists or trusses shall bear within 5 inches (127 mm) of the studs beneath or a third plate shall be installed. 2308.9.4 Nonload-bearing walls and partitions. In nonload-bearing walls and partitions, that are not part of a braced wall panel, studs shall be spaced not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center. In interior nonload-bearing walls and partitions, studs are permitted to be set with the long dimension parallel to the wall. Where studs are set with the long dimensions parallel to the wall, use of utility grade lumber or studs exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm) is not permitted. Interior nonload-bearing partitions shall be capped with not less than a single top plate installed to provide overlapping at corners and at intersections with other walls and partitions. The plate shall be continuously tied at joints by solid blocking not less than 16 inches (406 mm) in length and equal in size to the plate or by [1] / 2 -inch by 1 [1] / 2 -inch (12.7 mm by 38 mm) metal ties with spliced sections fastened with two 16d nails on each side of the joint. 2308.9.5 Openings in walls and partitions. Openings in exterior and interior walls and partitions shall comply with Sections 2308.9.5.1 through 2308.9.5.3. 2308.9.5.1 Openings in exterior bearing walls. Headers shall be provided over each opening in exterior bearing walls. The size and spans in Table 2308.8.1.1(1) are permitted to be used for one- and two-family dwellings . Headers for other buildings shall be designed in accordance with Section 2302.1, Item 1 or 2. Headers of two or more pieces of nominal 2-inch (51 mm) framing lumber set on edge shall be permitted in accordance with Table 2308.8.1.1(1) and nailed together in accordance with Table 2304.10.2 or of solid lumber of equivalent size. Single-member headers of nominal 2-inch (51 mm) thickness shall be framed with a single flat 2-inch-nominal (51 mm) member or wall plate not less in width than the wall studs on the top and bottom of the header in accordance with Figures 2308.9.5.1(1) and 2308.9.5.1(2) and face nailed to the top and bottom of the header with 10d box nails [3 inches × 0.128 inches (76 mm × 3.3 mm)] spaced 12 inches (305 mm) on center. Wall studs shall support the ends of the header in accordance with Table 2308.8.1.1(1). Each end of a lintel or header shall have a bearing length of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) for the full width of the lintel.
CRC § 2308.9.5 High relevance — show source text
2308.9.5 Openings in walls and partitions. Openings in exterior and interior walls and partitions shall comply with Sections 2308.9.5.1 through 2308.9.5.3. 2308.9.5.1 Openings in exterior bearing walls. Headers shall be provided over each opening in exterior bearing walls. The size and spans in Table 2308.8.1.1(1) are permitted to be used for one- and two-family dwellings . Headers for other buildings shall be designed in accordance with Section 2302.1, Item 1 or 2. Headers of two or more pieces of nominal 2-inch (51 mm) framing lumber set on edge shall be permitted in accordance with Table 2308.8.1.1(1) and nailed together in accordance with Table 2304.10.2 or of solid lumber of equivalent size. Single-member headers of nominal 2-inch (51 mm) thickness shall be framed with a single flat 2-inch-nominal (51 mm) member or wall plate not less in width than the wall studs on the top and bottom of the header in accordance with Figures 2308.9.5.1(1) and 2308.9.5.1(2) and face nailed to the top and bottom of the header with 10d box nails [3 inches × 0.128 inches (76 mm × 3.3 mm)] spaced 12 inches (305 mm) on center. Wall studs shall support the ends of the header in accordance with Table 2308.8.1.1(1). Each end of a lintel or header shall have a bearing length of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) for the full width of the lintel.
FIGURE 2308.9.5.1(1)—SINGLE-MEMBER HEADER IN EXTERIOR BEARING WALL
TOP PLATE
CRIPPLE
PLATE TO HEADER
CONNECTION IN
ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 2308.9.5.1
JACK STUD
23-44 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WOOD
FIGURE 2308.9.5.1(2)—ALTERNATIVE SINGLE-MEMBER HEADER WITHOUT CRIPPLE
TOP PLATE
PLATE TO HEADER
CONNECTION IN
ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 2308.9.5.1
JACK STUD
2308.9.5.2 Openings in interior bearing partitions. Headers shall be provided over each opening in interior bearing partitions as required in Section 2308.9.5.1. The spans in Table 2308.8.1.1(2) are permitted to be used. Wall studs shall support the ends of the header in accordance with Table 2308.8.1.1(1) or 2308.8.1.1(2), as applicable.
2308.9.5.3 Openings in interior nonbearing partitions. Openings in nonbearing partitions are permitted to be framed with single studs and headers. Each end of a lintel or header shall have a bearing length of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) for the full width of the lintel.
CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
2 IN. x 2 IN. CLIP ANGLE
JACK STUD(S)
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
FIGURE R603.6.1(1)—BOX BEAM HEADER IN GABLE ENDWALL
FIGURE R603.6.1(2)—BACK-TO-BACK HEADER IN GABLE ENDWALL
R603.7 Jack and king studs. The number of jack and king studs installed on each side of a header shall comply with Table R603.7(1). King, jack and cripple studs shall be of the same dimension and thickness as the adjacent wall studs. Headers shall be connected to king studs in accordance with Table R603.7(2) and the following provisions:
For box beam headers, one-half of the total number of required screws shall be applied to the header and one- half to the king stud by use of C-shaped or track member in accordance with Figure R603.6(1). The track or C-shaped sections shall extend the depth of the header minus [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and shall have a minimum thickness not less than that of the wall studs.
For back-to-back headers, one-half the total number of screws shall be applied to the header and one-half to the king stud by use of a minimum 2-inch by 2-inch (51 mm by 51 mm) clip angle in accordance with Figure R603.6(2). The clip angle shall extend the depth of the header minus [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and shall have a minimum thickness not less than that of the wall studs. Jack and king studs shall be interconnected with structural sheathing in accordance with Figures R603.6(1) and R603.6(2).
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 6-85
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
TABLE R603.7(1)—TOTAL NUMBER OF JACK AND KING STUDS REQUIRED AT EACH END OF AN OPENING Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 ** SIZE OF OPENING**
(feet-inches)** 24-INCH O.C. STUD SPACING** ** 24-INCH O.C. STUD SPACING** ** 16-INCH O.C. STUD SPACING** ** 16-INCH O.C. STUD SPACING** ** SIZE OF OPENING**
(feet-inches)** No. of jack studs** ** No. of king studs** ** No. of jack studs** ** No. CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
SECTION
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
Notes:
a. The top and bottom plates shall be continuous at header location. b. Jack studs shall be used for spans over 4 feet. c. Cripple spacing shall be the same as for studs. d. Wood structural panel faces shall be single pieces of [15] / 32 -inch-thick Exposure 1 (exterior glue) or thicker, installed on the interior or exterior or both sides of the header. e. Wood structural panel faces shall be nailed to framing and cripples with 8d common or galvanized box nails spaced 3 inches on center, staggering alternate nails [1] / 2 inch. Galvanized nails shall be hot-dipped or tumbled.
R602.7.4 Nonbearing walls. Load-bearing headers are not required in interior or exterior nonbearing walls. A single flat 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) member shall be permitted to be used as a header in interior or exterior nonbearing walls for openings up to 8 feet (2438 mm) in width if the vertical distance to the parallel nailing surface above is not more than 24 inches (610 mm). For such nonbearing headers, cripples or blocking are not required above the header.
R602.7.5 Supports for headers. Headers shall be supported on each end with one or more jack studs or with approved framing anchors in accordance with Table R602.7(1) or R602.7(2). The full-height stud adjacent to each end of the header shall be end nailed to each end of the header in accordance with Table R602.3(1). The minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a header shall be in accordance with Table R602.7.5.
TABLE R602.7.5—MINIMUM NUMBER OF FULL-HEIGHT STUDS AT EACH END OF HEADERS IN EXTERIOR WALLSa Col2 Col3 ** MAXIMUM HEADER SPAN**
(feet)** ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED AND EXPOSURE CATEGORY** ** ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED AND EXPOSURE CATEGORY** ** MAXIMUM HEADER SPAN**
(feet)** < 140 mph, Exposure B or < 130 mph, Exposure C** ** ≤ 115 mph, Exposure Bb** 4 1 1 6 2 1 8 2 1 10 3 2 12 3 2 14 3 2 16 4 2 18 4 2 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. For header spans between those given, use the minimum number of full-height studs associated with the larger header span.
b. The tabulated minimum number of full-height studs is applicable where jack studs are provided to support the header at each end in accordance with Table R602.7(1). Where
a framing anchor is used to support the header in lieu of a jack stud in accordance with Note d of Table R602.7(1), the minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a
header shall be in accordance with requirements for wind speed < 140 mph, Exposure B.For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a.CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
Bales shall be attached to the studs by an approved method. Horizontal framing and attachment at top and bottom of studs shall be in accordance with Section R602 or an
approved alternative. Table R602.7(1) shall be used to determine the top framing member where load-bearing stud spacing exceeds 24 inches o.c.
g.H is vertical height only.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
NA = Not Applicable.
a. Finishes applied to both sides of stacked bales. Where different finishes are used on opposite sides of a wall, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.
b.H = Stacked bale height in feet (mm) between sill plate and top plate or other approved horizontal restraint, or the horizontal distance in feet (mm) between approved verti-
cal restraints. For load-bearing walls,H refers to vertical height only.
c.T = Bale thickness in feet (mm).
d. Plaster reinforcement shall be any mesh allowed in Table BJ106.13(1) for the matching plaster type, and with staple spacing in accordance with this table. Mesh shall be
installed in accordance with Section BJ106.9.
e. Sill plate attachment shall be with5/8-inch anchor bolts or approved equivalent at not more than 48 inches on center where staple spacing is required to be ≤ 4 inches.
f. Bales shall be attached to the studs by an approved method. Horizontal framing and attachment at top and bottom of studs shall be in accordance with Section R602 or an
approved alternative. Table R602.7(1) shall be used to determine the top framing member where load-bearing stud spacing exceeds 24 inches o.c.
g.H is vertical height only.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
NA = Not Applicable.
a. Finishes applied to both sides of stacked bales. Where different finishes are used on opposite sides of a wall, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.
b.H = Stacked bale height in feet (mm) between sill plate and top plate or other approved horizontal restraint, or the horizontal distance in feet (mm) between approved verti-
cal restraints. For load-bearing walls,H refers to vertical height only.
c.T = Bale thickness in feet (mm).
d. Plaster reinforcement shall be any mesh allowed in Table BJ106.13(1) for the matching plaster type, and with staple spacing in accordance with this table. Mesh shall be
installed in accordance with Section BJ106.9.
e. Sill plate attachment shall be with5/8-inch anchor bolts or approved equivalent at not more than 48 inches on center where staple spacing is required to be ≤ 4 inches.
f. Bales shall be attached to the studs by an approved method. Horizontal framing and attachment at top and bottom of studs shall be in accordance with Section R602 or an
approved alternative. Table R602.7(1) shall be used to determine the top framing member where load-bearing stud spacing exceeds 24 inches o.c.
g.H is vertical height only.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
NA = Not Applicable.
a.CRC § 7.5 High relevance — show source text
TABLE R602.7.5—MINIMUM NUMBER OF FULL-HEIGHT STUDS AT EACH END OF HEADERS IN EXTERIOR WALLSa Col2 Col3 ** MAXIMUM HEADER SPAN**
(feet)** ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED AND EXPOSURE CATEGORY** ** ULTIMATE DESIGN WIND SPEED AND EXPOSURE CATEGORY** ** MAXIMUM HEADER SPAN**
(feet)** < 140 mph, Exposure B or < 130 mph, Exposure C** ** ≤ 115 mph, Exposure Bb** 4 1 1 6 2 1 8 2 1 10 3 2 12 3 2 14 3 2 16 4 2 18 4 2 For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. For header spans between those given, use the minimum number of full-height studs associated with the larger header span.
b. The tabulated minimum number of full-height studs is applicable where jack studs are provided to support the header at each end in accordance with Table R602.7(1). Where
a framing anchor is used to support the header in lieu of a jack stud in accordance with Note d of Table R602.7(1), the minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a
header shall be in accordance with requirements for wind speed < 140 mph, Exposure B.For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. For header spans between those given, use the minimum number of full-height studs associated with the larger header span.
b. The tabulated minimum number of full-height studs is applicable where jack studs are provided to support the header at each end in accordance with Table R602.7(1). Where
a framing anchor is used to support the header in lieu of a jack stud in accordance with Note d of Table R602.7(1), the minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a
header shall be in accordance with requirements for wind speed < 140 mph, Exposure B.For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
a. For header spans between those given, use the minimum number of full-height studs associated with the larger header span.
b. The tabulated minimum number of full-height studs is applicable where jack studs are provided to support the header at each end in accordance with Table R602.7(1). Where
a framing anchor is used to support the header in lieu of a jack stud in accordance with Note d of Table R602.7(1), the minimum number of full-height studs at each end of a
header shall be in accordance with requirements for wind speed < 140 mph, Exposure B.2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 6-23
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
R602.8 Fireblocking required. Fireblocking shall be provided in accordance with Section R302.11.
R602.9 Cripple walls. Foundation cripple walls shall be framed of studs not smaller than the studding above. Where exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm) in height, such walls shall be framed of studs having the size required for an additional story.
CRC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text
2′ o.c.|≤ 140|A, B, C, D0, D1, D2|H g ≤ 10|NA|None required| |2 × 6 nonload-bearing wood studsf
at max. 6′ o.c.|≤ 140|A, B, C, D0, D1, D2|H g ≤ 12|NA|None required| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
NA = Not Applicable.
a. Finishes applied to both sides of stacked bales. Where different finishes are used on opposite sides of a wall, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.
b.H = Stacked bale height in feet (mm) between sill plate and top plate or other approved horizontal restraint, or the horizontal distance in feet (mm) between approved verti-
cal restraints. For load-bearing walls,H refers to vertical height only.
c.T = Bale thickness in feet (mm).
d. Plaster reinforcement shall be any mesh allowed in Table BJ106.13(1) for the matching plaster type, and with staple spacing in accordance with this table. Mesh shall be
installed in accordance with Section BJ106.9.
e. Sill plate attachment shall be with5/8-inch anchor bolts or approved equivalent at not more than 48 inches on center where staple spacing is required to be ≤ 4 inches.
f. Bales shall be attached to the studs by an approved method. Horizontal framing and attachment at top and bottom of studs shall be in accordance with Section R602 or an
approved alternative. Table R602.7(1) shall be used to determine the top framing member where load-bearing stud spacing exceeds 24 inches o.c.
g.H is vertical height only.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
NA = Not Applicable.
a. Finishes applied to both sides of stacked bales. Where different finishes are used on opposite sides of a wall, the more restrictive requirements shall apply.
b.H = Stacked bale height in feet (mm) between sill plate and top plate or other approved horizontal restraint, or the horizontal distance in feet (mm) between approved verti-
cal restraints. For load-bearing walls,H refers to vertical height only.
c.T = Bale thickness in feet (mm).
d. Plaster reinforcement shall be any mesh allowed in Table BJ106.13(1) for the matching plaster type, and with staple spacing in accordance with this table. Mesh shall be
installed in accordance with Section BJ106.9.
e. Sill plate attachment shall be with5/8-inch anchor bolts or approved equivalent at not more than 48 inches on center where staple spacing is required to be ≤ 4 inches.
f. Bales shall be attached to the studs by an approved method. Horizontal framing and attachment at top and bottom of studs shall be in accordance with Section R602 or an
approved alternative.CRC § 0.70 High relevance — show source text
Use 30 psf ground snow load for cases in which ground snow load is less than 30 psf and the roof live load is equal to or less than 20 psf.
f. Spans are calculated assuming the top of the header or girder is laterally braced by perpendicular framing. Where the top of the header or girder is not laterally braced (for
example, cripple studs bearing on the header), tabulated spans for headers consisting of 2 × 8, 2 × 10, or 2 × 12 sizes shall be multiplied by 0.70 or the header or girder shall be
designed.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
a. Spans are given in feet and inches.
b. Spans are based on minimum design properties for No. 2 grade lumber of Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, Southern pine, and spruce-pine-fir.
c. Building width is measured perpendicular to the ridge. For widths between those shown, spans are permitted to be interpolated.
d. NJ = Number of jack studs required to support each end. Where the number of required jack studs equals one, the header is permitted to be supported by an approved fram-
ing anchor attached to the full-height wall stud and to the header.
e. Use 30 psf ground snow load for cases in which ground snow load is less than 30 psf and the roof live load is equal to or less than 20 psf.
f. Spans are calculated assuming the top of the header or girder is laterally braced by perpendicular framing. Where the top of the header or girder is not laterally braced (for
example, cripple studs bearing on the header), tabulated spans for headers consisting of 2 × 8, 2 × 10, or 2 × 12 sizes shall be multiplied by 0.70 or the header or girder shall be
designed.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
a. Spans are given in feet and inches.
b. Spans are based on minimum design properties for No. 2 grade lumber of Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, Southern pine, and spruce-pine-fir.
c. Building width is measured perpendicular to the ridge. For widths between those shown, spans are permitted to be interpolated.
d. NJ = Number of jack studs required to support each end. Where the number of required jack studs equals one, the header is permitted to be supported by an approved fram-
ing anchor attached to the full-height wall stud and to the header.
e. Use 30 psf ground snow load for cases in which ground snow load is less than 30 psf and the roof live load is equal to or less than 20 psf.
f. Spans are calculated assuming the top of the header or girder is laterally braced by perpendicular framing. Where the top of the header or girder is not laterally braced (for
example, cripple studs bearing on the header), tabulated spans for headers consisting of 2 × 8, 2 × 10, or 2 × 12 sizes shall be multiplied by 0.70 or the header or girder shall be
designed.||TABLE R602.
CRC § 3.3 High relevance — show source text
FIGURE R603.3.3(2)—STUD BRACING WITH STRAPPING AND SHEATHING MATERIAL
STUD/TRACK BLOCKING
WALL FRAMING
1½ ″ x 33 MIL FLAT STRAP
BEND SECTION OR CLIP FLANGE TO FORM VERTICAL
2 NO. 8 SCREWS @ STRAP TO BLOCKING
NO. 8 SCREW
@ EACH STRAP TO STUD
For SI: 1 mil = 0.0254 mm, 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
R603.3.4 Cutting and notching. Flanges and lips of cold-formed steel studs and headers shall not be cut or notched.
R603.3.5 Splicing. Steel studs and other structural members shall not be spliced without an approved design. Tracks shall be spliced in accordance with Figure R603.3.5.
6-76 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE R603.3.5—TRACK SPLICE
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
R603.4 Corner framing. In exterior walls, corner studs and the top tracks shall be installed in accordance with Figure R603.4.
FIGURE R603.4—CORNER FRAMING
4 NO. 8 SCREWS AT LAPPED TRACK
TRACK
PLAN
ALTERNATE PLAN
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
R603.5 Exterior wall covering. The method of attachment of exterior wall covering materials to cold-formed steel stud wall framing shall conform to the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
R603.6 Headers. Headers shall be installed above all wall openings in exterior walls and interior load-bearing walls. Box beam headers and back-to-back headers each shall be formed from two equal sized C-shaped members in accordance with Figures R603.6(1) and R603.6(2), respectively, and Tables R603.6(1) through R603.6(6). L-shaped headers shall be permitted to be constructed in accordance with AISI S230. Alternately, headers shall be permitted to be designed and constructed in accordance with AISI S240.
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 6-77
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
WALL CONSTRUCTION
TABLE R603.6(1)—BOX-BEAM AND BACK-TO-BACK HEADER SPANS
(HEADERS SUPPORTING ROOF AND CEILING ONLY)a, b, dCol2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 Col11 MEMBER
DESIGNATIONGROUND SNOW LOAD
(20 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(20 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(20 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(20 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(20 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(30 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
(30 psf)GROUND SNOW LOAD
**(30
Frequently asked questions
What is a “full‑height stud” in this context?
A full‑height stud is the continuous stud that runs from the bottom plate to the top plate adjacent to the header; § R602.7.5 calls for a minimum number of these adjacent to each end of a header.
Can I use a framing anchor instead of jack studs and still use the lower wind column in the table?
No. Where a framing anchor is used in lieu of a jack stud per Table R602.7(1) note d, the minimum full‑height stud count must follow the requirements for the higher wind/exposure column (treat as the < 140 mph, Exposure B case) unless the table note explicitly allows otherwise. § R602.7.5.
Do nonbearing interior walls need the same full‑height stud counts?
No. Nonbearing walls can use simplified headers (single flat 2×4 up to 8 ft when conditions are met) and do not require the load‑bearing header supports in § R602.7.5; see § R602.7.4 for the nonbearing allowance.
If my header span is 7 ft, which row do I use in the table?
For a span between listed values, use the minimum number associated with the larger header span (round up to the next span row). § R602.7.5.
Where does the code require the full‑height stud be attached to the header?
§ R602.7.5 requires the full‑height stud be end‑nailed to each end of the header in accordance with Table R602.3(1).
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