10.7 Installation Testing.

Installation of PEX water distribution systems may be tested with air when (a) expressly allowed in the written instructions of

the manufacturers of all plastic pipe and fittings installed at the time the PEX piping system is being tested; and (b) compressed air or other gas testing is not pro hibited by the authority having jurisdiction.

Note: LB = C × √ (D × Δ L) where LB = length of flexible arm C = material constant (12 for PEX) D = nominal outside diameter of tubing Δ L = thermal expansion length

FIGURE 1 EXPANSION ARMS (See Sections 6.4.1 and 7.3)

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 447

IS 31

TABLE 1 CALCULATION OF FLUSH TANK AND FLUSH VALVE FIXTURE UNITS

(See Section 10.6.3)

TABLE 2 TUBING SIZES, FLOWS, AND FRICTION LOSSES FOR

HOT-WATER RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS

(See Section 10.6.4)

Note: LB shall be calculated as specified in Figure 2 and divided into three sections, as follows: LB = L1 + (2 × L2) where L1 = LB ÷ 5; and L2 = L1 × 2.

FIGURE 2 EXPANSION LOOPS (See Sections 6.4.2 and 7.3)

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IS 31

FIGURE 3 PRESSURE LOSS OF PEX TUBING AT 16 ºC (60ºF)

(See Section 10.6.2)

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 449

IS 31

FIGURE 4 PRESSURE LOSS OF PEX TUBING AT 49 ºC (120ºF)

(See Section 10.6.2)

450 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

"The information contained in this appendix is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. As such, this appendix may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard."

The following IAPMO Installation Standard is included here for the convenience of the users of the California Plumb- ing Code . It is not considered as a part of the California Plumbing Code unless formally adopted as such. This Installation Standard is an independent, stand-alone document published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and is printed herein by the expressed written permission of IAPMO.

THRUST BLOCKING FOR RUBBER GASKETED AND

SOLVENT CEMENT JOINTS

IAPMO IS 33-2019 ^e1

The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically adopted by a state agency, or referenced in the adopting ordinance.

1 Scope 1.1 General 1.1.1 This Standard specifies requirements for the installation of thrust blocking for ductile iron pipe with elastomeric gasketed joints and fittings and PVC piping with solvent cemented or elastomeric gasketed joints intended for cold water building supply and yard piping. 1.1.2 Thrust blocks covered by this standard prevent separation of joints and pipe movement by transferring the resultant thrust force at a bend to the undisturbed soil behind the thrust block. The bearing strength of the soil is expressed in pounds per square foot. Therefore, the area behind the thrust block must engage enough soil area to resist the resultant thrust force at a change in direction. 1.2 Terminology In this Standard, (a) “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a

provision that the user is obliged to satisfy to comply with the Standard; (b) “should” is used to express a recommendation,

but not a requirement; (c) “may” is used to express an option or something

permissible within the scope of the Standard; and (d) “can” is used to express a possibility or a capa

2 Reference Publications This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the current edition of those publications, including all amendments published thereto.

IAPMO/ANSI UPC-1 Uniform Plumbing Code

3 Abbreviations The following abbreviations apply in this Standard: PVC - polyvinyl chloride

4 General 4.1 Thrust Blocking for Rubber Gasket Joints In lines with rubber gasketed joints, thrust blocks shall be installed at all locations including: (a) Changes in direction, as at tees and bends (b) Changes in size, as at reducers (c) Stops, as at dead ends (d) Valves, where thrusts may be expected. Note: See examples in Figure 1. 4.2 Sizing Piping shall be sized in accordance with the applicable code or jurisdictional requirements. Note: For example, Appendix A, “Recommended Rules for Sizing the Water Supply System”, or Section 610.0, “Size of Potable Water Piping” of IAPMO/ANSI UPC-1 may be use for sizing pipe. 4.3 Flow Velocity Flow velocity shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 m/s) for PVC pipe or 10 fps (3m/s) for other pipe materials. 4.4 Deflection Elastomeric gasketed pipe may be deflected in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations pro

_ Rules for Sizing the Water Supply System”, or Section 610.0, “Size of Potable Water Piping” of IAPMO/ANSI UPC-1 may be use for sizing pipe. 4.3 Flow Velocity Flow velocity shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 m/s) for PVC pipe or 10 fps (3m/s) for other pipe materials. 4.4 Deflection Elastomeric gasketed pipe may be deflected in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations pro

bility. Notes accompanying sections of the Standard do not specify requirements or alternative requirements; their purpose is to separate explanatory or informative material from the text. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and can be written as requirements. 1.3 Amendments Proposals for amendments to this Standard will be processed in accordance with the standards-writing procedures of IAPMO.

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 451

IS 33

vided that it shall not be permanently staked or blocked to maintain this deflection. 4.5 Maximum Working Pressure The pipe and fitting system shall be designed for the maximum working pressure in accordance with Table 1.

5 Thrust Blocking Sizing and Calculations

5.1 Sizes Thrust block sizes shall be based on the maximum line pressure, pipe size and the safe bearing load of the soil.

5.2 Calculation Examples

5.2.1 Thrust

5.2.1.1 Example 1 From Table 2, Thrust at Fittings in pounds at 100 psi of Water Pressure, the thrust for a NPS 4 Dead End Tee at a pressure of 100 psi is 1620 lb.

5.2.1.2 Example 2 The thrust for an NPS 4, Dead End Tee, at a pressure of 150 psi is 2430 lb or 1.5 times the thrust found in Table 2. The calculation is as follows: (a) The thrust from Table 2, for an NPS 4, Dead

End Tee, at 100 psi, is 1,620 lb. (b) The actual pressure of the system is 150 psi. (c) Divide the actual pressure by the table pressure

or 150 psi/100 psi is 1.5. (d) Multiply the thrust from Table 2, for an NPS 4,

Dead End Tee, at 100 psi, times the ratio of the actual/table pressure, or 1.5 times 1620 lb for a thrust of 2430 lb.

5.2.1.3 Example 3 From Table 3, Thrust at Fittings in Newtons at 689 kPa of Water Pressure, the thrust for a DN 125, 90° Bend, at a pressure of 689 kPa is 15,757 N.

5.2.1.4 Example 4 The thrust for a DN 125, 90° Bend, at a pressure of 861 kPa is 19,469 N or 1.25 times the force in Table 3. The calculation is as follows (a) The thrust from Table 3, for a DN 127, 90°

Bend at a pressure of 689 kPa, is 15,575 N. (b) The actual pressure of the system is 861 kPa. (c) Divide the actual pressure by the table pressure

or 861 kPa/689 kPa or 1.25. (d) Multiply the thrust from Table 2, for a DN 125,

90° Bend, at a pressure of 689 kPa times, the ratio of the actual/table pressure, or 1.25 times 15,757 N for a thrust of 19,469 N. Note: 1000 N is equal to 1 kN for a thrust of 19.469 kN.

5.2.2 Thrust Block Bearing Area The thrust block bearing area is determined by dividing the thrust by the safe bearing load of the soil. Note: See examples in Figure 2

5.2.2.1 Example 5 From Table 4, Safe Bearing Loads of Various Soils the safe bearing load of sand is 2000 lb/ft ² .

5.2.2.2 Example 6 The thrust block bearing area for an NPS 4, Dead End Tee, at a pressure of 100 psi in sand is 0.81 ft ² .

The calculation is as follows (a) From Table 2, Thrust at Fittings in pounds at

100 psi of Water Pressure, the thrust for a 4 in Dead End Tee at a pressure of 100 psi is 1620 lb. (b) From Table 4 the safe bearing load of sand is

2000 lb/ft ² . (c) Divide the thrust by the safe bearing load of

sand, or 1620 lb/2000 lb/ft ² for a thrust block bearing area of 0.81 ft ² .

5.2.2.3 Example 7 The thrust block bearing area for an NPS 4, Dead End Tee at a pressure of 150 psi in sand is 1.22 ft ² . The calculation is as follows: (a) The thrust for an NPS 4, Dead End Tee, at a

pressure of 150 psi was found in Example 2 to be 2430 lb. (b) The soil type is sand and the safe bearing load

of sand from Table 4 is 2000 lb/ft ² . (c) The required bearing area of the thrust block is

determined by dividing the thrust by the safe bearing load or 2430 lb/2000 lb/ft ² for a thrust block bearing area of 1.22 ft ² .

5.2.2.4 Example 8 The thrust block bearing area for a DN 125, 90° Bend, at a pressure of 861 kPa in Soft Clay is 2.82 m ² The calculation is as follows: (a) The thrust for a DN 125, 90° Bend at a pressure

of 861 kPa was found in Example 4 to be 19,469 N. (b) The soil condition is soft clay and the safe bear ing load of soft clay from Table 4 is 48 kPa or 48,000 N/m ² . Note: 1 kPa = 1 kN/m ² = 1000 N/m ² (c) The required block bearing area is determined

by dividing the thrust by the safe bearing load or 19,469 N/48,000 N/ m ² for a thrust block bearing area of 0.4 m ² .

452 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

IS 33

6 Testing Requirements 6.1 Rubber Gasketed Joints Properly sized thrust blocks, either permanent or temporary, shall be installed at all required points before testing. When concrete thrust blocks are installed, wait at least 24 hours before pressure testing. 6.2 Solvent Cement Joints The entire system shall be purged before testing to eliminate all solvent cement vapors and air. The system shall not be pressurized until the joints have cured (set) at least as long as recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers recommendation is not available the cure times in Table 5 shall apply. Systems with solvent cement joints shall be pressure tested filled with water or other fluid. CAUTION: Water Test Only. 7 Identification A label shall be fastened to the main electrical meter panel stating, “This structure has a nonmetallic water service”.

TABLE 1 MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE FOR PIPE AND FITTING SYSTEM DESIGN

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 453

IS 33

TABLE 2 THRUST AT FITTINGS IN POUNDS AT 100 psi OF WATER PRESSURE

(See Sections 5.2.1.1, 5.2.1.2, and 5.2.2.2)

TABLE 3 THRUST AT FITTINGS IN NEWTONS (N) AT 689 kPa OF WATER PRESSURE

(See Sections 5.2.1.3, and 5.2.1.4)

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IS 33

TABLE 4 SAFE BEARING LOADS OF VARIOUS SOILS (See Sections 5.2.2.1, and 5.2.2.3 and 5.2.2.4)

TABLE 5 MINIMUM CURE TIME, IN HOURS (h)*

TEST PRESSURE FOR PIPE

(See Section 6.2)

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 455

IS 33

FIGURE 1 LOCATION OF THRUST BLOCKS (STANDARD AND METRIC COMBINED) A COMPARISON OF THRUST-BLOCK AREAS

(See Section 4.1)

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IS 33

FIGURE 2 THRUST BLOCK BEARING AREA

(See Section 5.2.2)

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IS 33

Uniform Plumbing Code References for Ductile Iron and PVC Pressure Building Supply

and Exterior Cold-Water Piping

The following sections of the 2021 Uniform Plumbing Code apply to ductile iron and PVC pressure building supply and exterior cold-water piping.

Abbreviations

IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by IAPMO AWWA American Water Works Association CSA Canadian Standards Association

Applicable Standards.

AWWA C151 Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast AWWA C153 Ductile-Iron Compact Fitting AWWA C900 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 in. through 12 in. (100 mm through 300 mm) AWWA C904 Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Tubing, ½ in. through 3 In. (13 mm through 76 mm), for Water Service AWWA C907 Injection-Molded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Fittings, 4 In, through 12 in (100 mm through 300 mm) for Water, Wastewater and Reclaimed Water Service

IAPMO/ ANSI UPC-1 Uniform Plumbing Code

458 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

The information contained in this appendix is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. As such, this appendix may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard.

The following Sections B414-18, B417-18, B421C-18, B422C-18, SR614-18, TR41818, TR420-18, are excerpted in their entirety from the 2018 Handbook for the Instal- lation of Ceramic, Glass, and Stone Tile Installations, with permission from the Tile Council of North America, Inc.

In addition to these, the TCNA Handbook, includes 200+ methods for tile and stone installation based on various installation requirements and application types, as well as product selection guides, field and installation requirements, and guidelines for wet areas. For a complete copy, visit www.TCNAtile.com.

TCNA HANDBOOK-2018

FOR CERAMIC, GLASS, AND STONE TILE INSTALLATION

The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically adopted by a state agency, or referenced in the adopting ordinance.

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 459

TCNA HANDBOOK

NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

This publication is provided as a guide, not a product, and all of the information it contains is provided ‘as is’ without warranty of any kind, whether express or implied. All implied warranties, including, without limitation, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, are hereby expressly disclaimed.

Publisher has not performed any independent analysis in connection with any of the information contained herein, and expressly disclaims any obligation to obtain and include information other than that presented herein resulting from the handbook committee consensus process. This information does not purport to address safety issues or applicable regulatory requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this information to review any applicable codes and other regulations and any site specific conditions in connection with the use of this information. Publisher expressly makes no representations or warranties regarding use of this information and compliance with any applicable statute, rule or regulation.

The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions appropriate for the activities herein and to avoid all potential hazards. Such precautions are generally not listed herein and are outside the scope of this document.

Under no circumstances will publisher be liable to any person or business entity for any damages, including without limitation any and all direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, or exemplary damages, resulting, in whole or in part, from any use of, reference to, or reliance upon this publication, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing limitation of liability is a fundamental element of the use of this information and the information would not be offered by the publisher without such limitation.

460 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

SHOWER RECEPTORS TCNA HANDBOOK

Recommended Uses

• For showers that do not have prefabricated receptors.

• For areas where wall flatness is critical, such as when tiles with any edge longer than 15" are specified.

Environmental Exposure Classifications

• Res1, 2, 3, 5; Com1, 2, 3, 5.

• For Res4 and Com4, see SR614.

• For installations that may be exposed to staining, specify tile and grout suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides.”

• For installations that may be exposed to mild chemical attack, specify epoxy grout and tile suitable for exposure. For greater resistance to chemical exposure, also specify an epoxy bonding material. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides.”

Limitations

• Maximum mortar bed thickness (walls)—1" for metal studs, 1 ¹ ⁄ 2" for wood studs.

• Maximum stud spacing 16" on center.

Membrane Options

• A waterproof membrane (A118.10) or vapor retarder membrane (A108.02-3.8) must be specified for walls to prevent moisture intrusion and protect adjacent building materials. Specifier shall indicate if complete waterproofing of walls is required, including treatment at termination points.

• If a waterproof membrane is applied over the mortar bed walls, membrane over framing members may not be required.

• Check with membrane manufacturer for suitability for applicable conditions, as not all membranes are suitable for steam, high-temperature and/or chemical exposure, or exterior use.

• When glass tile is used, consult glass tile manufacturer for membrane options and recommendations.

Requirements

• Wood studs—dry and well-braced, minimum depth 3 ¹ ⁄ 2".

• Metal studs—well-braced; 20 gauge (0.033") or heavier; minimum depth 3 ¹ ⁄ 2" for residential applications or 3 ⁵ ⁄ 8" for commercial applications.

• Mortar bed thickness— ³ ⁄ 4" minimum to 1" maximum (metal studs) or 1 ¹ ⁄ 2" maximum (wood studs)

• Membrane behind mortar bed, when used, must lap over shower pan membrane.

• Slope shower pan membrane ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot to weep holes in drain.

• Turn shower pan membrane up walls a minimum of 3" above shower curb (6" above floor in showers without curbs).

• Surround drain with pea gravel or other weep protection to prevent mortar from blocking weep holes.

Materials

• Multiple options exist for membranes, mortars, grouts, and other materials and must be clearly specified to be included. If not specifically indicated, optional materials are not included and mortar/grout choice defaults to minimum performance specification indicated. Con- sider each system component and intended use to deter- mine minimum requirements and to specify options.

• Ceramic tile—ANSI A137.1.

• Glass tile, when used—ANSI A137.2; see also “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide,” and consult tile manufacturer for environmental exposure classification recommendations. Not all glass tiles are suitable.

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 461

TCNA HANDBOOK SHOWER RECEPTORS

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A118.6 or better or ISO CG1 or better. When glass tile is used, specify grout designated by tile and grout manufacturers.

• Epoxy grout, when used—ANSI A118.3 or ISO RG.

• Cementitious bond coat—portland cement paste on a mortar bed that is still workable. For a cured mortar bed, follow recommendations below to select appropriate bonding mortar:

• When a waterproof membrane is not used—ANSI A118.1 or better or ISO C1 or better.

• When a waterproof membrane is used—ANSI A118.4 or better or ISO C2S1 or better unless ANSI A118.1 or ISO C1 is recommended by membrane manufacturer.

• When porcelain tile is used—ANSI A118.4 or better or ISO C2 or better.

• When glass tile is used, specify mortar designated by tile and mortar manufacturers. Bond coat color will impact the final appearance of translucent glass tile. Specifier shall confirm bond coat color is acceptable.

• Epoxy bond coat, when used—ANSI A118.3 or ISO R1 or better.

• When glass tile is used, specify epoxy bond coat designated by tile and bond coat manufacturers. Bond coat color will impact the final appearance of translucent glass tile. Specifier shall confirm bond coat color is acceptable.

• Vapor retarder membrane, when used—ANSI A108.02-3.8.

• Waterproof membrane, when used—ANSI A118.10.

• Mortar bed, metal lath, and cleavage membrane—ANSI A108.1A.

• Flexible mildew-resistant sealant—ASTM C920.

• Shower pan membrane—local building code.

• Metal studs—ASTM C645.

Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials .

Preparation by Other Trades

• Wall framing shall meet the general framing requirements of ANSI A108.11-4.0–4.3.

• Apply blocking between the studs to support the shower pan membrane.

Movement Joint (architect must specify type of joint and show location and details on drawings)

• Movement joints—mandatory according to EJ171.

• When glass tile is used, adhere to more frequent placement recommendations within the ranges listed in EJ171.

Installation Specifications

• Shower pan membrane—ANSI A108.01-3.6.

• Tile—ANSI A108.1A, .1B, or .1C. A108.1B required if waterproof membrane or epoxy bond coat to be used.

• Glass tile—ANSI A108.14, .15, .16, or manufacturer’s directions.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A108.10.

• Epoxy mortar/grout—ANSI A108.6.

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A108.13.

• Movement Joints—EJ171 and ASTM C1193.

Notes

• Test shower pan membrane and drainage fitting for leaks before commencing tilework.

• Materials adversely affected by moisture in areas immediately adjacent to showers, tubs, and roman tubs should be properly protected.

• A sloped portland cement mortar fill or approved preformed slope may be used under shower pan membrane when subfloor is not sloped to drain.

• All horizontal surfaces, for example shower seats, sills, curbs, etc., must slope towards drain or other surface sloped toward drain. Where present, waterproofing also must be sloped.

• When glass tile is used, see “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide, ” and consult manufacturer for recommendations and requirements.

• For curbless shower receptor, see B421C and B422C.

For the following standards listed, refer to the 2018 TCNA Handbook for Ceramic, Glass, and Stone Tile Installation.

a. B441-18 Wood or Metal Studs • Backer Board • Mortar Bed Walls (One Coat Method) • Mortar Bed Floor • Ceramic Tile b. B415-18 Wood or Metal Studs • Cement Backer Board or Fiber-Cement Backer Board Walls • Mortar Bed Floor • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile c. B420-18 Wood or Metal Studs • Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backer Board Walls • Mortar Bed Floor • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile d. B426-18 Wood or Metal Studs • CementitiousCoated Extruded Foam Backer Board Walls • Mortar Bed Floor • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile e. B431-18 Wood or Metal Studs • Fiber-Reinforced Water-Resistant Gypsum Backer Board Walls • Mortar Bed Floor • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile f. B421-18 Solid Backing • Bonded Waterproof Membrane • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile g. B422-18 Solid Backing • Bonded Waterproof Membrane • Integrated Bonding Flange • Ceramic Tile, Glass Tile

462 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

TILE TUBS AND FOUNTAINS TCNA HANDBOOK

Requirements

• Waterproof membrane—slope membrane ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot to weep holes in drain.

                                  - Wood framing, when used, should be pressure treated and
  

designed to resist deflection and movement. Preparation by Other Trades

                                  - Test tank, membrane, and drainage fittings for leaks before

starting tilework. Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

                                  - See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for

product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

                                  - Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet

ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials . Installation Methods

                                  - Attach metal lath only above water line.

                                  - Floor—follow F121.

                                  - Walls—follow W221.

Installation Specifications

                                  - Tile—ANSI A108.1A.

                                  - Grout—ANSI A108.10.

                                  - Movement Joints—EJ171 and ASTM C1193.

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 463

TCNA HANDBOOK CURBLESS SHOWER RECEPTORS

Recommended Uses

• For construction of a shower without a curb.

Environmental Exposure Classifications

• Res1, 2, 3; Com1, 2

• May be suitable for Com3, Res5, and Com5 as determined by membrane and backing material manufacturers.

• For Res4 and Com4, see SR613 and SR614.

• For installations that may be exposed to staining, specify tile and grout suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides. ”

• For installations that may be exposed to mild chemical attack, specify epoxy grout and tile suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides. ”

Limitations

• Facilitates construction of a curbless shower without adding floor height at restroom entryway, but does not inherently comply with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards for Accessible Design. Follow ADA where ADA compliance is required or desired.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable limitations based on type of backing used—W201, W202E, W202I, W211, W221, W222, W231/W241, W243, W244C, W244E, W244F, W245, W246, and W247.

Requirements

• When glass tile is used, consult glass tile manufacturer for tile suitability over non-absorptive surface.

• Bonded waterproof membrane must be continuous, including at changes in plane. Follow membrane manufacturer’s requirements for corners, seaming, and overlap.

• Waterproof membrane inside shower area must extend to full height of tile assembly. Also, the floor and wall waterproofing must continue outside the immediate shower area one foot beyond the high point of the floor, but not beyond the tiled area. Additional waterproofing of floor and/or walls outside the shower area may be needed to effectively contain and evacuate shower water and splash water and to protect building materials. When additional waterproofing of floor and/or walls outside the shower area is desired or required, the building design professional must specify all areas to be waterproofed and indicate membrane termination points.

• A secondary drain may be required outside the immediate shower area to facilitate evacuation of shower water and splash water that is not contained in the shower area due to curbless design. When required or desired, building design professional must specify type and location of secondary drain.

• High point of the floor must be outside the shower area, i.e., beyond shower door or curtain, to facilitate evacuation of shower water and splash water that is not contained in the shower area due to curbless design. Location of the high point of the floor is especially critical when secondary drain is not included outside the shower area.

• Surround drain with pea gravel or other weep protection to prevent mortar from blocking weep holes.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable requirements based on type of backing used.

464 2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

CURBLESS SHOWER RECEPTORS TCNA HANDBOOK

• Slope mortar bed ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot toward drain and follow membrane manufacturer’s instructions for connecting membrane to drain.

Materials

• Multiple options exist for membranes, mortars, grouts, and other materials and must be clearly specified to be included. If not specifically indicated, optional materials are not included and mortar/grout choice defaults to minimum performance specification indicated. Con- sider each system component and intended use to deter- mine minimum requirements and to specify options.

• Ceramic tile—ANSI A137.1.

• Glass tile, when used—ANSI A137.2; see also “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide,” and consult tile manufacturer for environmental exposure classification recommendations. Not all glass tiles are suitable.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A118.6 or better or ISO CG1 or better. When glass tile is used, specify grout designated by tile and grout manufacturers.

• Epoxy grout, when used—ANSI A118.3 or ISO RG.

• Cementitious bond coat:

• ANSI A118.4 or better or ISO C2S1 or better unless ANSI A118.1 or ISO C1 is recommended by membrane manufacturer.

• When glass tile is used, specify mortar designated by tile and mortar manufacturers. Bond coat color will impact the final appearance of translucent glass tile. Specifier shall confirm bond coat color is acceptable.

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A118.10 and recommended by manufacturer of membrane for use over backing type in intended application.

• Flexible mildew-resistant sealant—ASTM C920.

Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials .

Preparation by Other Trades/Backer Board Installers

• Depressed slab by others. Depressed area must extend beyond shower area to facilitate a finished floor installation that effectively evacuates shower water and splash water, which are often difficult to contain within a curbless shower.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable preparations by other trades and backer board installers.

• Maximum allowable variation in the tile substrate—for tiles with all edges shorter than 15", maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 4" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than 1 ⁄ 16" variation in 12" when measured from the high points in

the surface. For tiles with at least one edge 15" in length, maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 8" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than ¹ ⁄ 16" variation in 24" when measured from the high points in the surface.

• Center backer board end or edge joints on framing and stagger joints in adjacent rows so four corners do not come together within the same plane. Space panel ends and edges in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

Movement Joint (architect must specify type of joint and show location and details on drawings)

• Movement joints—mandatory according to EJ171.

• When glass tile is used, adhere to more frequent placement recommendations within the ranges listed in EJ171.

Installation Specifications

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A108.13.

• Tile—ANSI A108.5.

• Glass tile—manufacturer’s directions.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A108.10.

• Epoxy grout—ANSI A108.6.

• Movement Joints—EJ171 and ASTM C1193.

Notes

• Test shower pan membrane/waterproof membrane and drainage fitting for leaks before commencing tilework.

• Materials adversely affected by moisture in areas immediately adjacent to showers, tubs, and roman tubs should be properly protected.

• All horizontal surfaces, for example shower seats, sills, curbs, etc., must slope towards drain or other surface sloped toward drain. Where present, waterproofing also must be sloped.

• When glass tile is used, see “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide, ” and consult manufacturer for recommendations and requirements.

• Follow applicable plumbing and building codes.

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 465

TCNA HANDBOOK CURBLESS SHOWER RECEPTORS

Recommended Uses

• For construction of a shower without a curb.

Environmental Exposure Classifications

• Res1, 2, 3; Com1, 2

• May be suitable for Com3, Res5, and Com5 as determined by membrane and backing material manufacturers.

• For Res4 and Com4, see SR613 and SR614.

• For installations that may be exposed to staining, specify tile and grout suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides. ”

• For installations that may be exposed to mild chemical attack, specify epoxy grout and tile suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also “Product Selection Guides.”

Limitations

• Facilitates construction of a curbless shower without adding floor height at restroom entryway, but does not inherently comply with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards for Accessible Design. Follow ADA where ADA compliance is required or desired.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable limitations based on type of backing used—W201, W202E, W202I, W211, W221, W222, W231/W241, W243, W244C, W244E, W244F, W245, W246, and W247.

Requirements

• When glass tile is used, consult glass tile manufacturer for tile suitability over non-absorptive surface.

• Bonded waterproof membrane must be continuous, including at changes in plane. Follow membrane manufacturer’s requirements for corners, seaming, and overlap.

• Waterproof membrane inside shower area must extend to full height of tile assembly. Also, the floor and wall waterproofing must continue outside the immediate shower area one foot beyond the high point of the floor, but not beyond the tiled area. Additional waterproofing of floor and/or walls outside the shower area may be needed to effectively contain and evacuate shower water and splash water and to protect building materials. When additional waterproofing of floor and/or walls outside the shower area is desired or required, the building design professional must specify all areas to be waterproofed and indicate membrane termination points.

• A secondary drain may be required outside the immediate shower area to facilitate evacuation of shower water and splash water that is not contained in the shower area due to curbless design. When required or desired, building design professional must specify type and location of secondary drain.

• High point of the floor must be outside the shower area, i.e., beyond shower door or curtain, to facilitate evacuation of

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shower water and splash water that is not contained in the shower area due to curbless design. Location of the high point of the floor is especially critical when secondary drain is not included outside the shower area.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable requirements based on type of backing used.

• Slope mortar bed ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot toward drain and follow membrane and integrated bonding flange manufacturer’s instructions for connecting membrane to integrated bonding flange.

Materials

• Multiple options exist for membranes, mortars, grouts, and other materials and must be clearly specified to be included. If not specifically indicated, optional materials are not included and mortar/grout choice defaults to minimum performance specification indicated. Con- sider each system component and intended use to deter- mine minimum requirements and to specify options.

• Ceramic tile—ANSI A137.1.

• Glass tile, when used—ANSI A137.2; see also “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide,” and consult tile manufacturer for environmental exposure classification recommendations. Not all glass tiles are suitable.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A118.6 or better or ISO CG1 or better. When glass tile is used, specify grout designated by tile and grout manufacturers.

• Epoxy grout, when used—ANSI A118.3 or ISO RG.

• Cementitious bond coat:

• ANSI A118.4 or better or ISO C2S1 or better unless ANSI A118.1 or ISO C1 is recommended by membrane manufacturer.

• When glass tile is used, specify mortar designated by tile and mortar manufacturers. Bond coat color will impact the final appearance of translucent glass tile. Specifier shall confirm bond coat color is acceptable.

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A118.10 and recommended by manufacturer of membrane for use over backing type in intended application.

• Flexible mildew-resistant sealant—ASTM C920.

Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials .

Preparation by Other Trades/Backer Board Installers

• Depressed slab by others. Depressed area must extend beyond shower area to facilitate a finished floor installation that effectively evacuates shower water and splash water, which are often difficult to contain within a curbless shower.

• Refer to appropriate wall method for applicable preparations by other trades and backer board installers.

• Maximum allowable variation in the tile substrate—for tiles with all edges shorter than 15", maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 4" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than 1 ⁄ 16" variation in 12" when measured from the high points in the surface. For tiles with at least one edge 15" in length, maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 8" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than ¹ ⁄ 16" variation in 24" when measured from the high points in the surface.

• Center backer board end or edge joints on framing and stagger joints in adjacent rows so four corners do not come together within the same plane. Space panel ends and edges in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

Movement Joint (architect must specify type of joint and show location and details on drawings)

• Movement joints—mandatory according to EJ171.

• When glass tile is used, adhere to more frequent placement recommendations within the ranges listed in EJ171.

Installation Specifications

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A108.13.

• Tile—ANSI A108.5.

• Glass tile—manufacturer’s directions.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A108.10.

• Epoxy grout—ANSI A108.6.

• Movement Joints—EJ171 and ASTM C1193.

Notes

• Test shower pan membrane/waterproof membrane and drainage fitting for leaks before commencing tilework.

• Materials adversely affected by moisture in areas immediately adjacent to showers, tubs, and roman tubs should be properly protected.

• All horizontal surfaces, for example shower seats, sills, curbs, etc., must slope towards drain or other surface sloped toward drain. Where present, waterproofing also must be sloped.

• When glass tile is used, see “Glass Tile Selection and Installation Guide, ” and consult manufacturer for recommendations and requirements.

• Follow applicable plumbing and building codes.

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TCNA HANDBOOK STEAM SHOWER/ROOM; WOOD/METAL STUDS

Recommended Uses

• For steam showers and steam rooms framed with wood or metal studs. Specify mortar bed walls option when wall flatness is critical, such as when tiles with any edge longer than 15" are specified. Environmental Exposure Classifications

• Res4.

• For installations that may be exposed to staining, specify tile and grout suitable for exposure. Consult product manufacturers; see also Notes and “Product Selection Guides.” Limitations

• Duration of use as a steam shower or steam room as determined by membrane and cement backer board (when used) manufacturers; lower membrane water vapor permeance decreases water vapor transmission.

• Maximum stud spacing 16" on center. Requirements

• Steam rooms are highly specialized applications. Design and installation are critical to avoid damage to adjoining materials from vapor migration. Design criteria must include consideration of necessary insulation and temperature and humidity differential.

• Use a tile contractor knowledgeable in steam applications and experienced with the materials specified.

• Bonded waterproof membrane (sheet, liquid, and trowelon) must be continuous and must adequately limit vapor transmission into adjacent spaces and building materials, according to intended duration of use as a steam shower.

• Steam showers designed for continuous use applications should specify a low perm waterproof membrane (a waterproof membrane meeting ANSI A118.10 and with a water vapor permeance rating of 0.5 perms or less when tested per ASTM E96 Procedure E, tested at 90% relative humidity). When a waterproof membrane with a water vapor permeance rating greater than 0.5 perms is specified, a vapor retarder behind the wall assembly is required, and vapor retarder must have a water vapor permeance rating of 0.1 perm or less when tested per ASTM E96 Procedure A, tested at 50% relative humidity. Consult waterproof membrane manufacturer for water vapor permeance rating and vapor retarder requirements.

• Specifier shall indicate how waterproofing and vapor retarding is to be achieved, including details for membrane penetrations such as penetrations for plumbing, lighting fixtures, fasteners, etc. Specifier shall also indicate where and how to waterproof curbs and jambs and where membrane terminates. Area outside steam shower door is a wet area and should be treated accordingly.

• Check with membrane manufacturer for suitability for applicable conditions, as not all membranes are suitable for steam, high temperature and/or chemical exposure.

• Some waterproof membrane manufacturers require use of a vapor retarder membrane in addition to the waterproof membrane. Consult membrane manufacturer for requirements. When used, vapor retarder membrane must weather lap itself and lap into the shower pan membrane.

• If vapor retarder membrane is required, integrated bonding flange cannot be used.

• Follow waterproof membrane manufacturers’ directions for interface between drain and membrane(s).

• Design professional to specify adequate insulation on walls and ceilings to reduce condensation. Consult insulation manufacturer for application suitability.

• Seal all membrane penetrations with appropriate sealant according to membrane manufacturer’s requirements.

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• Specify slip joints at change in plane, such as where walls and ceiling meet.

• Slope ceiling minimum 2" per foot to avoid condensate dripping onto occupants; sloping ceiling from center can minimize rundown on walls.

• When mortar bed walls, studs must provide firm anchorage for metal lath.

• When mortar bed walls, mortar bed wall thickness— ³ ⁄ 4" minimum to 1 ¹ ⁄ 2" maximum.

• When mortar bed walls, cut lath at all slip joints.

• Slope shower pan membrane minimum ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot to weep holes in drain.

• Turn shower pan membrane up walls a minimum of 3" above shower curb (6" above floor in showers without curbs).

• Surround drain with pea gravel or other weep protection to prevent mortar from blocking weep holes. (Does not apply if integrated bonding flange is used.)

• Wood studs, when used—dry and well braced, minimum depth 3 ¹ ⁄ 2".

• Metals studs, when used—well-braced; 20 gauge (0.033") or heavier; minimum depth 3 ¹ ⁄ 2" for residential applications or 3 ⁵ ⁄ 8" for commercial applications. Preparation by Backer Board Installers

• Maximum allowable variation in the tile substrate—for tiles with all edges shorter than 15", maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 4" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than 1 ⁄ 16" variation in 12" when measured from the high points in the surface. For tiles with at least one edge 15" in length, maximum allowable variation is ¹ ⁄ 4" in 10' from the required plane, with no more than ¹ ⁄ 16" variation in 24" when measured from the high points in the surface.

• Horizontal joints— ¹ ⁄ 8" spacing filled solid and taped with latex-portland cement mortar and 2" alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh tape.

• Vertical joints—fill any space and tape with latex-portland cement mortar and 2" alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh tape.

• Corners—leave space between backer units. Tape joints using skim coat of latex-portland cement mortar, but do not fill.

• Center backer board end or edge joints on framing and stagger joints in adjacent rows so four corners do not come together within the same plane. Space panel ends and edges in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. Materials

• Multiple options exist for membranes, mortars, grouts, and other materials and must be clearly specified to be included. If not specifically indicated, optional materials are not included and mortar/grout choice defaults to minimum performance specification indicated. Con- sider each system component and intended use to deter- mine minimum requirements and to specify options.

• Ceramic tile—ANSI A137.1 and recommended by manufacturer for use in steam showers.

• Cementitious grout—ANSI A118.6 or better or ISO CG1 or better.

• Epoxy grout, when used—ANSI A118.3 or ISO RG.

• Cementitious bond coat:

• ANSI A118.15 or better or ISO C2S1 or better, unless ANSI A118.1 or ISO C1 is recommended by membrane manufacturer.

• Cement backer board, when used—ANSI A118.9 or ASTM C1325 (Type A).

• Fasteners—noncorrosive and nonoxidizing.

• Hot dipped fasteners meeting ASTM F2329-05 required in wet areas.

• 2" alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh tape.

• Waterproof membrane—ANSI A118.10 and recommended by membrane manufacturer for use in specific application. For continuous use applications, see Requirements for water vapor permeance.

• Vapor retarder membrane, when used—recommended by manufacturer for use in specific application.

• Metal studs, when used—ASTM C645.

• Shower pan membrane—ANSI A118.10, ASTM D4068, or D4551 and meeting applicable building code.

• Mortar bed and reinforcing—ANSI A108.1A.

• Flexible mildew-resistant sealant—ASTM C920 and recommended by manufacturer for use in steam showers. Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials . Preparation by Other Trades

• Wall framing shall meet the general framing requirements of ANSI A108.11-4.0-4.3. Movement Joint (architect must show type of joint and show location and details on drawings)

• Movement joints—mandatory according to EJ171.

• Slip joints at changes in plane, such as where walls and ceiling meet. Installation Specifications

• Shower pan membrane—ANSI A108.01-3.6.

• Mortar bed and reinforcing—ANSI A108.1A, .1B, and .1C.

• Tile—ANSI A108.5.

• Cementitious grout—A108.10.

• Epoxy grout—A108.6.

• Waterproof membrane and slip joint—ANSI A108.13 and membrane manufacturer’s slip joint directions.

• Movement Joints—EJ171 and ASTM C1193. Notes

• Use of softened water in steam showers and steam rooms helps reduce grout and tile staining due to iron and/or hard water. Such stains may require harsh chemicals for removal. Select products suitable for water type and maintenance practices that will be used.

• Standard grouts will need to be periodically maintained over the life of the steam shower.

• Steam unit design must take into consideration the affect of Moisture Vapor Transmission (MVT) on opposite side of steam unit walls. MVT can cause efflorescence and can affect paints and other adhered finishes.

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TCNA HANDBOOK SHOWER RECEPTOR RENOVATION

Recommended Uses

• For use where old shower pan has failed. Requirements

• Remove existing shower receptor, shower pan, and wall tile, as required, to install new shower pan.

• Replace any damaged wall and floor substrate materials.

• New shower pan—slope ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot to weep holes in drain.

• New shower pan to turn up wall a minimum of 3" above curb (6" above floor in showers without curbs).

• New wall membrane/flashing (ANSI A108.02-3.8) placed behind existing wall membrane, out over new shower pan, and fastened to studs.

• Place continuous bead of sealant on existing wall mortar with new wall mortar brought up tight against it. Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica- tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials . Notes

• See B414 for complete specifications.

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tions for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles, Glass Tiles, and Tile Installation Materials Notes

                                  - See B415, B420, B426, or B431 for complete specifications

based on wall backing type.

Recommended Uses

• For use where old shower pan has failed.

Requirements

• Remove existing shower receptor, shower pan, and wall tile, as required, to install new shower pan.

• Replace any damaged wall and floor substrate materials.

• New shower pan—slope ¹ ⁄ 4" per foot to weep holes in drain.

• New shower pan to turn up wall a minimum of 3" above curb (6" above floor in showers without curbs).

• New wall membrane/flashing (ANSI A108.02-3.8) placed behind existing wall membrane, out over new shower pan, and fastened to studs.

• Place continuous bead of sealant on existing wall substrate material with new wall substrate material brought up tight against it.

Materials for Green/Sustainable Design

• See “Green Building Standards and Green Product Selection Guide” and consult manufacturers and suppliers for product sustainability and contribution to green building design.

• Consider specifying tile and installation materials that meet ANSI A138.1, the American National Standard Specifica-

2022 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 473

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CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE