Chapter 24 — GLASS AND GLAZING

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user.

See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	HCD			DSA			OSHPD						BSCC	DPH	AGR	DWR	CEC	CA	SL	SLC
Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM	1	2	1/AC	AC	SS	SS/CC	1	1R	2	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Adopt entire chapter	X		X	X	X								X
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)								X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Adopt only those sections that are listed below
Chapter / Section
2401.1.1								X	X	X	X	X		X	X
2401.1.2								X	X
2401.1.2, Exception 1										X	X	X		X	X
2403.2.1								X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Table 2403.2.1								X	X	X	X	X		X	X
2410.1, Exception												X
2410								X	X	X	X	B		X	X
2411										X	X	X		X	X

The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11. (A & B) – OSHPD (HCAI) delineates that OHSPD 2 is either designated as an OSHPD 2A or 2B. See Ch. 1, Div. I, Section 1.10 for additional information.

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24-2 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CHAPTER 24

GLASS AND GLAZING

User notes:

About this chapter: Chapter 24 establishes regulations for glass and glazing used in buildings and structures. Engineering and design requirements are included in the chapter for glazing that is subjected to wind and snow loads. Another concern of this chapter is glass and glazing used in areas where it is likely to be impacted by the occupants. Section 2406 identifies hazardous locations where glazing must either be safety glazing or protected to prevent impacts by occupants. Safety glazing must meet stringent standards and be appropriately marked or identified. Additional requirements are provided for glass and glazing in guards, handrails, elevator hoistways and elevator cars, as well as in athletic facilities.

Code development reminder: Code change proposals to this chapter will be considered by the IBC—Structural Code Development Commit- tee during the 2022 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.

2403.5 Louvered windows or jalousies.¶

Float, wired and patterned glass in louvered windows and jalousies shall be not thinner than nominal ³ /16 inch (4.8 mm) and not longer than 48 inches (1219 mm). Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.

Wired glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in louvered windows or jalousies.

Where other glass types are used, the design shall be submitted to the building official for approval.

TABLE 2403.2.1 MINIMUM GLAZING REQUIREMENTS
*FIXED WINDOWS AND OPENABLE WINDOWS OTHER THAN HORIZONTAL SIDING*
*Glass Area*	*Up to 6 sq. ft.*	*6 to 14 sq. ft.*	*14 to 32 sq. ft.*	*32 to 50 sq. ft.*	*Over 50 sq. ft.*
*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*
1. Minimum Frame Lap	1/4"	1/4"	5/16"	3/8"	1/2"
2. Minimum Glass Edge Clearance	1/8"1,2	1/8"1,2	3/16"1	1/4"	1/4"1
3. Continuous Glazing Rabbet and Glass Retainer3	Required	Required	Required	Required	Required
4. Resilient Setting Material4	Not Required	Required	Required	Required	Required
*SLIDING DOORS AND HORIZONTAL SLIDING WINDOWS*
*Glass Area*		*Up to 14 sq. ft.*	*14 to 32 sq. ft.*	*32 to 50 sq. ft.*	*Over 50 sq. ft.*
*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*	*× 0.0929 for m2, × 25.4 for mm*
5. Minimum Glass Frame Lap	5. Minimum Glass Frame Lap	1/4"	5/16"	3/8"	1/2"
6. Minimum Glass Edge Clearance	6. Minimum Glass Edge Clearance	1/8"2	3/16"	1/4"	1/4"
7. Continuous Glazing Rabbet and Glass Retainer3	7. Continuous Glazing Rabbet and Glass Retainer3	Required above third story	Required	Required	Required
8. Resilient Setting Material4	8. Resilient Setting Material4	Not Required	Not Required	Required	Required

1. Glass edge clearance in fixed openings shall not be less than required to provide for wind and earthquake drift. 2. Glass edge clearance at all sides of pane shall be a minimum of ³ /16 inch (4.8 mm) where height of glass exceeds 3 feet (914 mm). 3. Glass retainers such as metal, wood or vinyl face stops, glazing beads, gaskets, glazing clips and glazing channels shall be of sufficient strength and fixation to serve this purpose. 4. Resilient setting material shall include preformed rubber or vinyl plastic gaskets or other materials which are proved to the satisfaction of the building official to remain resilient.

24-4 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

2404.2 Sloped glass.¶

Glass sloped more than 15 degrees (0.26 rad) from vertical in skylights, sunrooms, sloped roofs and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the most critical combinations of loads determined by Equations 24-2, 24-3 and 24-4.

Fg = 0.6 Wo – D (Equation 24-2)

Fg = 0.6 Wi + D + 0.5 S (Equation 24-3)

Fg = 0.3 Wi + D + S (Equation 24-4)

where:

D = Glass dead load psf (kN/m ² ).

For glass sloped 30 degrees (0.52 rad) or less from horizontal, = 13 tg (For SI: 0.0245 tg ).

For glass sloped more than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) from horizontal, = 13 tg cos θ (For SI: 0.0245 tg cos θ). Fg = Total load, psf (kN/m ² ) on glass. S = Snow load, psf (kN/m ² ) as determined in Section 1608. tg = Total glass thickness, inches (mm) of glass panes and

plies. Wi = Inward wind force, psf (kN/m ² ) due to basic design

wind speed, V, as calculated in Section 1609. Wo = Outward wind force, psf (kN/m ² ) due to basic design

wind speed, V, as calculated in Section 1609. θ = Angle of slope from horizontal.

Exception: The performance grade rating of unit skylights and tubular daylighting devices shall be determined in accordance with Section 2405.5.

The design of sloped glazing shall be based on Equation 24-5.

Fg ≤ Fga (Equation 24-5)

where:

Fg = Total load on the glass as determined by Equations 24 2, 24-3 and 24-4. Fga = Short duration lo ad resistance of the glass as

determined in accordance with ASTM E1300 for Equations 24-2 and 24-3; or the long duration load resistance of the glass as determined in accordance with ASTM E1300 for Equation 24-4.

2404.3 Wired, patterned and sandblasted glass.¶

2404.3.1 Vertical wired glass. Wired glass sloped 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or less from vertical in windows, curtain and window walls, doors and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the wind loads in Section 1609 for components and cladding according to the following equation:

0.6 Fgw < 0.5 Fge (Equation 24-6)

where:

Fgw = Wind load on the glass due to basic design wind

speed, V, computed in accordance with Section 1609.

GLASS AND GLAZING

Fge = Nonfactored load from ASTM E1300 using a

thickness designation for monolithic glass that is not greater than the thickness of wired glass.

2404.3.2 Sloped wired glass. Wired glass sloped more than 15 degrees (0.26 rad) from vertical in skylights, sunspaces, sloped roofs and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the most critical of the combinations of loads from Section 2404.2.

For Equations 24-2 and 24-3:

Fg < 0.5 Fge (Equation 24-7)

For Equation 24-4:

Fg < 0.3 Fge (Equation 24-8)

where:

Fg = Total load on the glass as determined by Equations

24-2, 24-3 and 24-4. Fge = Nonfactored load in accordance with ASTM E1300.

2404.3.3 Vertical patterned glass. Patterned glass sloped 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or less from vertical in windows, curtain and window walls, doors and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the wind loads in Section 1609 for components and cladding according to Equation 24-9.

Fgw < 1.0 Fge (Equation 24-9)

where:

Fgw = Wind load on the glass due to basic design wind

speed, V, computed in accordance with Section 1609. Fge = Nonfactored load in accordance with ASTM E1300.

The value for patterned glass shall be based on the thinnest part of the glass. Interpolation between nonfactored load charts in ASTM E1300 shall be permitted.

2404.3.4 Sloped patterned glass. Patterned glass sloped more than 15 degrees (0.26 rad) from vertical in skylights, sunspaces, sloped roofs and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the most critical of the combinations of loads from Section 2404.2.

For Equations 24-2 and 24-3:

Fg < 1.0 Fge (Equation 24-10)

For Equation 24-4:

Fg < 0.6 Fge (Equation 24-11)

where:

Fg = Total load on the glass as determined by Equations

24-2, 24-3 and 24-4. Fge = Nonfactored load in accordance with ASTM E1300.

The value for patterned glass shall be based on the thinnest part of the glass. Interpolation between the nonfactored load charts in ASTM E1300 shall be permitted.

2404.3.5 Vertical sandblasted glass. Sandblasted glass sloped 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or less from vertical in

GLASS AND GLAZING

windows, curtain and window walls, doors, and other exterior applications shall be designed to resist the wind loads in Section 1609 for components and cladding according to Equation 24-12.

0.6 Fgw < 0.5 Fge (Equation 24-12)

where:

Fg = Wind load on the glass due to basic design wind

speed, V, computed in accordance with Section 1609. Fge = Nonfactored load in accordance with ASTM E1300.

The value for sandblasted glass is for moderate levels of sandblasting.

strengthened, fully tempered and wired glass, where used in multiple-layer glazing systems as the bottom glass layer over the walking surface, shall be equipped with screening that conforms to the requirements for monolithic glazing systems.

Exception: In monolithic and multiple-layer sloped glazing systems, the following applies:

Fully tempered glass installed without protective screens where glazed between intervening floors at a slope of 30 degrees (0.52 rad) or less from the vertical plane shall have the highest point of the glass 10 feet (3048 mm) or less above the walking surface.
Screens are not required below any glazing material, including annealed glass, where the walking surface below the glazing material is permanently protected from the risk of falling glass or the area below the glazing material is not a walking surface.
Any glazing material, including annealed glass, is permitted to be installed without screens in the sloped glazing systems of commercial or detached noncombustible greenhouses used exclusively for growing plants and not open to the public, provided that the height of the greenhouse at the ridge does not exceed 30 feet (9144 mm) above grade.
Screens shall not be required in individual dwelling units in Groups R-2, R-3 and R-4 where fully tempered glass is used as single glazing or as both panes in an insulating glass unit, and the following conditions are met:

4.1. Each pane of the glass is 16 square feet (1.5 m ² ) or less in area.

4.2. The highest point of the glass is 12 feet (3658 mm) or less above any walking surface or other accessible area.

4.3. The glass thickness is ³ /16 inch (4.8 mm) or less.

Screens shall not be required for laminated glass with a 15-mil (0.38 mm) polyvinyl butyral (or equivalent) interlayer used in individual dwelling units in Groups R-2, R-3 and R-4 within the following limits:

5.1. Each pane of glass is 16 square feet (1.5 m ² ) or less in area.

5.2. The highest point of the glass is 12 feet (3658 mm) or less above a walking surface or other accessible area.

2405.4 Framing.¶

In Types I and II construction, sloped glazing and skylight frames shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. In structures where acid fumes deleterious to metal are incidental to the use of the buildings, approved pressure-treated wood or other approved noncorrosive materials are permitted to be used for sash and frames. Framing supporting sloped glazing and skylights shall be designed to resist the tributary roof loads in Chapter 16. Skylights set at an angle of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from the horizontal plane shall be mounted not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the plane of the roof on a curb

2404.4 Other designs.¶

For designs outside the scope of this section, an analysis or test data for the specific installation shall be prepared by a registered design professional.