Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Adopt the entire IBC chapter as amended, state-amended sections are listed below:

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency has adopted the entire model code chapter; with state amendments.

Each state-amended section that the agency has added to that particular chapter is listed. There will be an “X” in the column, by that particular section, under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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Adopt only those sections that are listed below:

If there is an “X” under a particular state agency’s acronym on this row, it means that particular state agency is adopting only specific model code or state-amended sections within this chapter. There will be an “X” in the column under the agency’s acronym, as well as an “X” by each section that the agency has adopted.

Example:

CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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Marginal Markings

Symbols in the margin indicate the status of code changes as follows:

This symbol indicates that a change has been made to a California amendment.

This symbol indicates deletion of California amendment language.

This symbol indicates that a change has been made to International Code Council model language.

This symbol indicates deletion of International Code Council model language.

A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated within the code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediately following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such relocations in the 2018 edition of the International Building Code .

(continued)

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RELOCATIONS—continued

Coordination of the International Codes

The coordination of technical provisions is one of the strengths of the ICC family of model codes. The codes can be used as a complete set of complementary documents, which will provide users with full integration and coordination of technical provisions. Individual codes can also be used in subsets or as stand-alone documents. To make sure that each individual code is as complete as possible, some technical provisions that are relevant to more than one subject area are duplicated in some of the model codes. This allows users maximum flexibility in their application of the I-Codes.

Maintenance

The International Building Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcement officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

The ICC Code Development Process reflects principles of openness, transparency, balance, due process and consensus, the principles embodied in OMB Circular A-119, which governs the federal government’s use of private-sector standards. The ICC process is open to anyone; there is no cost to participate, and people can participate without travel cost through the ICC’s cloud-based app, cdpAccess . A broad cross section of interests are represented in the ICC Code Development Process. The codes, which are updated regularly, include safeguards that allow for emergency action when required for health and safety reasons.

In order to ensure that organizations with a direct and material interest in the codes have a voice in the process, the ICC has developed partnerships with key industry segments that support the ICC’s important public safety mission. Some code development committee members were nominated by the following industry partners and approved by the ICC Board:

           - American Institute of Architects (AIA)

           - National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)

           - National Association of State Fire Marshals (NASFM)

The code development committees evaluate and make recommendations regarding proposed changes to the codes. Their recommendations are then subject to public comment and council-wide votes. The ICC’s governmental members—public safety officials who have no financial or business interest in the outcome—cast the final votes on proposed changes.

The contents of this work are subject to change through the code development cycles and by any governmental entity that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the International Code Council.

While the I-Code development procedure is thorough and comprehensive, the ICC, its members and those participating in the development of the codes disclaim any liability resulting from the publication or use of the I-Codes, or from compliance or noncompliance with their provisions. The ICC does not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code.

Copyright © 2022 by, or licensed to, International Code Council, Inc. (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED); licensed to California Building Standards Commission pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions is authorized. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution is a violation of the federal copyright act and the license agreement, and subject to civil and criminal penalties thereunder.

Code Development Committee Responsibilities (Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers)

As mentioned in the preceding material, in each code development cycle, code change proposals to this code are considered at the Committee Action Hearings by 11 different code development committees.

Code change proposals to sections of the code that are preceded by a bracketed letter designation, such as [A], will be considered by a committee other than the building code committee listed for the chapter or appendix on the preceding page. For example, proposed code changes to Section

[F] 307.1.1 will be considered by the International Fire Code Development Committee during the Committee Action Hearing in the 2021 (Group A) code development cycle.

The bracketed letter designations for committees responsible for portions of this code are as follows:

[A] = Administrative Code Development Committee

[BE] = IBC—Egress Code Development Committee

[BF] = IBC—Fire Safety Code Development Committee

[BG] = IBC—General Code Development Committee

[BS] = IBC—Structural Code Development Committee

[E] = International Commercial Energy Conservation Code Development Committee or

International Residential Energy Conservation Code Development Committee

[EB] = International Existing Building Code Development Committee

[F] = International Fire Code Development Committee

[FG] = International Fuel Gas Code Development Committee

[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee

[P] = International Plumbing Code Development Committee

For the development of the 2024 edition of the I-Codes, there will be two groups of code development committees and they will meet in separate years, as shown in the following Code Development Hearings Table.

Code change proposals submitted for code sections that have a letter designation in front of them will be heard by the respective committee responsible for such code sections. Because different committees hold Committee Action Hearings in different years, proposals for the IBC will be heard by committees in both the 2021 (Group A) and the 2022 (Group B) code development cycles.

For instance, every section of Chapter 16 is the responsibility of the IBC—Structural Code Development Committee. As noted in the preceding table, that committee will hold its Committee Action Hearings in 2022 to consider code change proposals for the chapters for which it is responsible. Therefore any proposals received for Chapter 16 of this code will be assigned to the IBC—Structural Code Development Committee and will be considered in 2022, during the Group B code change cycle.

Code Development Committee. As noted in the preceding table, that committee will hold its Committee Action Hearings in 2022 to consider code change proposals for the chapters for which it is responsible. Therefore any proposals received for Chapter 16 of this code will be assigned to the IBC—Structural Code Development Committee and will be considered in 2022, during the Group B code change cycle.

It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understands which code development committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change proposal. For further information on the Code Development Committee responsibilities, please visit the ICC website at www.iccsafe.org/current-code-development-cycle.

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CODE DEVELOPMENT HEARINGS

Note: Proposed changes to the ICCPC will be heard by the code development committee noted in brackets [ ] in the text of the ICCPC.

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Effective Use of the International Building Code

The IBC is a model code that provides minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare of the occupants of new and existing buildings and structures. The IBC is fully compatible with the ICC family of codes, including: the IECC, IEBC, IFC, IFGC, IgCC, IMC, IPC, IPSDC, IPMC, IRC, ISPSC, IWUIC, IZC and ICCPC.

The IBC addresses structural strength, means of egress, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation, accessibility, energy conservation and life safety in regard to new and existing buildings, facilities and systems. The codes are promulgated on a 3-year cycle to allow for new construction methods and technologies to be incorporated into the codes. Alternative materials, designs and methods not specifically addressed in the code can be approved by the building official where the proposed materials, designs or methods comply with the intent of the provisions of the code (see Section 104.11).

The IBC applies to all occupancies, including one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses that are not within the scope of the IRC. The IRC is referenced for coverage of detached one- and twofamily dwellings and townhouses as defined in the exception to Section 101.2 and the definition for “Townhouse” in Chapter 2. The IRC can also be used for the construction of live/work units (as defined in Section 508.5) and small bed and breakfast-style hotels where there are five or fewer guest rooms and the hotel is owner occupied. The IBC applies to all types of buildings and structures unless exempted. Work exempted from permits is listed in Section 105.2.

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ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT OF THE 2021 IBC

Before applying the requirements of the IBC, it is beneficial to understand its arrangement and format. The IBC, like other codes published by ICC, is arranged and organized to follow sequential steps that generally occur during a plan review or inspection.

The following table shows how the IBC is divided. The three tables following that show IBC requirements that are correlated with other I-Codes. Lastly, the ensuing chapter-by-chapter synopsis details the scope and intent of the provisions of the IBC.

IFC Correlated Topics

The IBC requirements for hazardous materials, fire-resistance-rated construction, interior finish, fire protection systems, means of egress, emergency and standby power, and temporary structures are directly correlated with the requirements of the IFC. The following table shows chapters/sections of the IBC that are correlated with the IFC:

IBC/IFC CORRELATED TOPICS

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IMC Correlated Topics

The IBC requirements for smoke control systems, and smoke and fire dampers are directly correlated to the requirements of the IMC. IBC Chapter 28 is a reference to the IMC and the IFGC for chimneys, fireplaces and barbecues, and all aspects of mechanical systems. The following table shows chapters/sections of the IBC that are correlated with the IMC:

IBC/IMC CORRELATED TOPICS

IPC Correlated Topics

The IBC requirements for plumbing fixtures and toilet rooms are directly correlated to the requirements of the IPC. The following table shows chapters/sections of the IBC that are correlated with the IPC:

Chapter 1 Scope and Administration

Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. Chapter 1 is in two parts, Part 1— Scope and Application (Sections 101-102) and Part 2—Administration and Enforcement (Sections 103-116). Section 101 identifies which buildings and structures come under its purview and references other I-Codes as applicable. Standards and codes are scoped to the extent referenced (see Section 102.4).

The building code is intended to be adopted as a legally enforceable document and it cannot be effective without adequate provisions for its administration and enforcement. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the building official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.

Chapter 2 Definitions

All terms that are defined in the code are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2. While a defined term may be used in one chapter or another, the meaning provided in Chapter 2 is applicable throughout the code.

Where understanding a term’s definition is especially key to or necessary for understanding a particular code provision, the term is shown in italics. This is true only for those terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed by the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.

Guidance regarding tense, gender and plurality of defined terms as well as guidance regarding terms not defined in this code is provided.

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Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification and Use

Chapter 3 provides for the classification of buildings, structures and parts thereof based on the purpose or purposes for which they are used. Section 302 identifies the groups into which all buildings, structures and parts thereof must be classified. Sections 303 through 312 identify the occupancy characteristics of each group classification. In some sections, specific group classifications having requirements in common are collectively organized such that one term applies to all. For example, Groups A1, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5 are individual groups for assembly-type buildings. The general term “Group A,” however, includes each of these individual groups. Other groups include Business (B), Educational (E), Factory (F-1, F-2), High Hazard (H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5), Institutional (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4), Mercantile (M), Residential (R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4), Storage (S-1, S-2) and Utility (U). In some occupancies, the smaller number means a higher hazard, but that is not always the case.

eral term “Group A,” however, includes each of these individual groups. Other groups include Business (B), Educational (E), Factory (F-1, F-2), High Hazard (H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5), Institutional (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4), Mercantile (M), Residential (R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4), Storage (S-1, S-2) and Utility (U). In some occupancies, the smaller number means a higher hazard, but that is not always the case.

Defining the use of the buildings is very important as it sets the tone for the remaining chapters of the code. Occupancy works with the height, area and construction type requirements in Chapters 5 and 6, as well as the special provisions in Chapter 4, to determine “equivalent risk,” or providing a reasonable level of protection or life safety for building occupants. The determination of equivalent risk involves three interdependent considerations: (1) the level of fire hazard associated with the specific occupancy of the facility; (2) the reduction of fire hazard by limiting the floor area and the height of the building based on the fuel load (combustible contents and burnable building components); and (3) the level of overall fire resistance provided by the type of construction used for the building. The greater the potential fire hazards indicated as a function of the group, the lesser the height and area allowances for a particular construction type.

Occupancy classification also plays a key part in organizing and prescribing the appropriate protection measures. As such, threshold requirements for fire protection and means of egress systems are based on occupancy classification (see Chapters 9 and 10). Other sections of the code also contain requirements respective to the classification of building groups. For example, Section 706 specifies requirements for fire wall fire-resistance ratings that are tied to the occupancy classification of a building and Section 803.11 contains interior finish requirements that are dependent upon the occupancy classification. The use of the space, rather than the occupancy of the building, is utilized for determining occupant loading (Section 1004) and live loading (Section 1607).

Over the useful life of a building, the activities in the building will evolve and change. Where the provisions of the code address uses differently, moving from one activity to another or from one level of activity to another is, by definition, a change of occupancy. The new occupancy must be in compliance with the applicable provisions.

Chapter 4 Special Detailed Requirements Based on Occupancy and Use

Chapter 4 contains the requirements for protecting special uses and occupancies, which are supplemental to the remainder of the code. Chapter 4 contains provisions that may alter requirements found elsewhere in the code; however, the general requirements of the code still apply unless modified within the chapter. For example, the height and area limitations established in Chapter 5 apply to all special occupancies unless Chapter 4 contains height and area limitations. In this case, the limitations in Chapter 4 supersede those in other sections. An example of this is the height and area limitations for open parking garages given in Section 406.5.4, which supersede the limitations given in Sections 504 and 506.

In some instances, it may not be necessary to apply the provisions of Chapter 4. For example, if a covered mall building complies with the provisions of the code for Group M, Section 402 does not apply; however, other sections that address a use, process or operation must be applied to that specific occupancy, such as stages and platforms, special amusement buildings and hazardous materials (Sections 410, 411 and 414).

The chapter includes requirements for buildings and conditions that apply to one or more groups, such as high-rise buildings, underground buildings or atriums. Special uses may also imply specific occupancies and operations, such as for Group H, hazardous materials, application of flammable finishes, drying rooms, organic coatings and combustible storage or hydrogen fuel gas rooms, all of which are coordinated with the IFC. Unique consideration is taken for special use areas, such as covered mall buildings, motor-vehicle-related occupancies, special amusement buildings and aircraft-related occupancies. Special facilities within other occupancies are considered, such as stages and platforms, motion picture projection rooms, children’s play structures and storm shelters. Finally, in order that the overall package of protection features can be easily understood, unique considerations for specific occupancies are addressed: Groups I-1, I-2, I-3, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4; and ambulatory care facilities and live/work units.

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Chapter 5 General Building Heights and Areas

Chapter 5 contains the provisions that regulate the minimum type of construction for area limits and height limits based on the occupancy of the building. Height and area increases (including allowances for basements, mezzanines and equipment platforms) are permitted based on open frontage for fire department access, separation and the type of sprinkler protection provided (Sections 503-506, 510). These thresholds are reduced for buildings over three stories in height in accordance with Sections 506.2.1 and 506.2.2. Provisions include the protection and/or separation of incidental uses (Table 509.1), accessory occupancies (Section 508.2) and mixed uses in the same building (Sections 506.2.2, 508.3, 508.4 and 510). Unlimited area buildings are permitted in certain occupancies when they meet special provisions (Section 507). Live/work units are provided for in Section 508.5.

Tables 504.3, 504.4 and 506.2 are the keystones in setting thresholds for building size based on the building’s use and the materials with which it is constructed. If one then looks at Tables 504.3, 504.4 and 506.2, the relationship among group classification, allowable heights and areas and types of construction becomes apparent. Respective to each group classification, the greater the fireresistance rating of structural elements, as represented by the type of construction, the greater the floor area and height allowances. The greater the potential fire hazards indicated as a function of the group, the lesser the height and area allowances for a particular construction type. Starting in the 2015 edition, the table that once contained both height and area has been separated and these three new tables address the topics individually. In addition, the tables list criteria for buildings with and without automatic sprinkler systems.

Chapter 6 Types of Construction

The interdependence of these fire safety considerations can be seen by first looking at Tables 601 and 705.5, which show the fire-resistance ratings of the principal structural elements comprising a building in relation to the five classifications for types of construction. Type I construction is the classification that generally requires the highest fire-resistance ratings for structural elements, whereas Type V construction, which is designated as a combustible type of construction, generally requires the least amount of fire-resistance-rated structural elements. The greater the potential fire hazards indicated as a function of the group, the lesser the height and area allowances for a particular construction type. Section 603 includes a list of combustible elements that can be part of a noncombustible building (Types I and II construction).

Chapter 7 Fire and Smoke Protection Features

The provisions of Chapter 7 present the fundamental concepts of fire performance that all buildings are expected to achieve in some form. This chapter identifies the acceptable materials, techniques and methods by which proposed construction can be designed and evaluated against to determine a building’s ability to limit the impact of fire. The fire-resistance-rated construction requirements within Chapter 7 provide passive resistance to the spread and effects of fire. Types of separations addressed include fire walls, fire barriers, fire partitions, horizontal assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions. A fire produces heat that can weaken structural components and smoke products that cause property damage and place occupants at risk. The requirements of Chapter 7 work in unison with height and area requirements (Chapter 5), active fire detection and suppression systems (Chapter 9) and occupant egress requirements (Chapter 10) to contain a fire should it occur while helping ensure occupants are able to safely exit.

Chapter 7A Materials and Construction Methods for Exterior Wildfire Exposure

The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum standards for the protection of life and property by increasing the ability of a building located in any Fire Hazard Severity Zone within State Responsibility Areas or any Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Area to resist the intrusion of flames or burning embers projected by a vegetation fire and contributes to a systematic reduction in conflagration losses.

Chapter 8 Interior Finishes

This chapter contains the performance requirements for controlling fire growth within buildings by restricting interior finish and decorative materials. Past fire experience has shown that interior fin

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ish and decorative materials are key elements in the development and spread of fire. The provisions of Chapter 8 require materials used as interior finishes and decorations to meet certain flamespread index or flame-propagation criteria based on the relative fire hazard associated with the occupancy. As smoke is also a hazard associated with fire, this chapter contains limits on the smoke development characteristics of interior finishes. The performance of the material is evaluated based on test standards.

Chapter 9 Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems

Chapter 9 prescribes the minimum requirements for active systems of fire protection equipment to perform the following functions: detect a fire; alert the occupants or fire department of a fire emergency; and control smoke and control or extinguish the fire. Generally, the requirements are based on the occupancy, the height and the area of the building, because these are the factors that most affect fire-fighting capabilities and the relative hazard of a specific building or portion thereof. This chapter parallels and is substantially duplicated in Chapter 9 of the IFC; however, the IFC Chapter 9 also contains periodic testing criteria that are not contained in the IBC. In addition, the special fire protection system requirements based on use and occupancy found in IBC Chapter 4 are duplicated in IFC Chapter 9 as a user convenience.

Chapter 10 Means of Egress

The general criteria set forth in Chapter 10 regulating the design of the means of egress are established as the primary method for protection of people in buildings by allowing timely relocation or evacuation of building occupants. Both prescriptive and performance language is utilized in this chapter to provide for a basic approach in the determination of a safe exiting system for all occupancies. It addresses all portions of the egress system (i.e., exit access, exits and exit discharge) and includes design requirements as well as provisions regulating individual components. The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. Functional and operational characteristics also are specified for the components that will permit their safe use without special knowledge or effort. The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7), interior finish (see Chapter 8), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Chapter 10 of the IBC is duplicated in Chapter 10 of the IFC; however, the IFC contains one additional section on the means of egress system in existing buildings.

Chapter 11A - Housing Accessibility and/or Chapter 11B - Accessibility to Public Buildings, Public Accommodations, Commercial Buildings and Public Housing

Verify compliance with accessibility provisions. In order to be considered as accessible, buildings and their individual elements must comply with the applicable scoping and technical provisions of Chap- ter 11A and/or Chapter 11B.

Chapter 12 Interior Environment

Chapter 12 provides minimum standards for the interior environment of a building. The standards address the minimum sizes of spaces, minimum temperature levels, and minimum light and ventilation levels. The collection of requirements addresses limiting sound transmission through walls, ventilation of attic spaces and under floor spaces (crawl spaces). Finally, the chapter provides minimum standards for toilet and bathroom construction, including privacy shielding and standards for walls, partitions and floors to resist water intrusion and damage.

levels, and minimum light and ventilation levels. The collection of requirements addresses limiting sound transmission through walls, ventilation of attic spaces and under floor spaces (crawl spaces). Finally, the chapter provides minimum standards for toilet and bathroom construction, including privacy shielding and standards for walls, partitions and floors to resist water intrusion and damage.

Chapter 13 Energy Efficiency

Refer to California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6.

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Chapter 14 Exterior Walls

This chapter addresses requirements for exterior walls of buildings. Minimum standards for wall covering materials, installation of wall coverings and the ability of the wall to provide weather protection are provided. This chapter also requires exterior walls that are close to lot lines, or that are bearing walls for certain types of construction, to comply with the minimum fire-resistance ratings specified in Chapters 6 and 7. The installation of each type of wall covering, be it wood, masonry, vinyl, metal composite material or an exterior insulation and finish system, is critical to its long-term performance in protecting the interior of the building from the elements and the spread of fire. Limitations on the use of combustible materials on exterior building elements such as balconies, eaves, decks and architectural trim are also addressed in this chapter.

Chapter 15 Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures

Chapter 15 provides standards for both roof assemblies and structures that sit on top of the roofs of buildings. The criteria address roof construction and covering, including the weather-protective barrier at the roof and, in most circumstances, a fire-resistant barrier. The chapter is prescriptive in nature and is based on decades of experience with various traditional materials, but it also addresses newer products such as photovoltaic shingles. These prescriptive rules are very important for satisfying performance of one type of roof covering or another. Section 1511 addresses rooftop structures, including penthouses, tanks, towers and spires. Rooftop penthouses larger than prescribed in this chapter must be treated as a story under Chapter 5.

Chapter 16 Structural Design

Chapter 16 prescribes minimum structural loading requirements for use in the design and construction of buildings and structural components. It includes minimum design loads, assignment of risk categories and permitted design methodologies. Standards are provided for minimum design loads (live, dead, snow, wind, rain, flood, ice and earthquake as well as the required load combinations). The application of these loads and adherence to the serviceability criteria will enhance the protection of life and property. The chapter references and relies on many nationally recognized design standards. A key standard is the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7). Structural design must address the conditions of the site and location. Therefore, maps are provided of rainfall, seismic, snow and wind criteria in different regions.

Chapter 17 Special Inspections and Tests

Chapter 17 provides a variety of procedures and criteria for testing materials and assemblies, labeling materials and assemblies and special inspection of structural assemblies. This chapter expands on the inspections of Chapter 1 by requiring special inspection where indicated and, in some cases, structural observation. It also spells out additional responsibilities for the owner, contractor, design professionals and special inspectors. Proper assembly of structural components, proper quality of materials used and proper application of materials are essential to ensuring that a building, once constructed, complies with the structural and fire-resistance minimums of the code and the approved design. To determine this compliance often requires continuous or frequent inspection and testing. Chapter 17 establishes standards for special inspection, testing and reporting of the work to the building official.

Chapter 18 Soils and Foundations

Chapter 18 provides criteria for geotechnical and structural considerations in the selection, design and installation of foundation systems to support the loads from the structure above. This chapter includes requirements for soils investigation and site preparation for receiving a foundation, including the allowed load-bearing values for soils and for protecting the foundation from water intrusion. Section 1808 addresses the basic requirements for all foundation types. Later sections address foundation requirements that are specific to shallow foundations and deep foundations. Due care must be exercised in the planning and design of foundation systems based on obtaining sufficient soils information, the use of accepted engineering procedures, experience and good technical judgment.

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Chapter 19 Concrete

This chapter provides minimum accepted practices for the design and construction of buildings and structural components using concrete—both plain and reinforced. Chapter 19 relies primarily on the reference to American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- crete . This chapter also includes references to additional standards. Structural concrete must be designed and constructed to comply with this code and all listed standards. There are specific sections of the chapter addressing concrete slabs, anchorage to concrete and shotcrete. Because of the variable properties of material and numerous design and construction options available in the uses of concrete, due care and control throughout the construction process is necessary.

Chapter 20 Aluminum

Chapter 20 contains standards for the use of aluminum in building construction. Only the structural applications of aluminum are addressed. This chapter does not address the use of aluminum in specialty products such as storefront or window framing or architectural hardware. The use of aluminum in heating, ventilating or air-conditioning systems is addressed in the IMC. This chapter references national standards from the Aluminum Association for use of aluminum in building construction, AA ASM 35, Aluminum Sheet Metal Work in Building Construction, and AA ADM, Aluminum Design Man- ual . By utilizing the standards set forth, a proper application of this material can be obtained.

Chapter 21 Masonry

This chapter provides comprehensive and practical requirements for masonry construction. The provisions of Chapter 21 require minimum accepted practices and the use of standards for the design and construction of masonry structures. The provisions address: material specifications and test methods; types of wall construction; criteria for engineered and empirical designs; and required details of construction, including the execution of construction. Masonry design methodologies including allowable stress design, strength design and empirical design are covered by provisions of this chapter. Also addressed are masonry fireplaces and chimneys, masonry heaters and glass unit masonry. Fire-resistant construction using masonry is also required to comply with Chapter 7. Masonry foundations are also subject to the requirements of Chapter 18.

Chapter 22 Steel

Chapter 22 provides the requirements necessary for the design and construction of structural steel (including composite construction), cold-formed steel, steel joists, steel cable structures and steel storage racks. This chapter specifies appropriate design and construction standards for these types of structures. It also provides a road map of the applicable technical requirements for steel structures. Because steel is a noncombustible building material, it is commonly associated with Types I and II construction; however, it is permitted to be used in all types of construction. Chapter 22 requires that the design and use of steel materials be in accordance with the specifications and standards of the American Institute of Steel Construction, the American Iron and Steel Institute, the Steel Joist Institute and the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Chapter 23 Wood

This chapter provides minimum requirements for the design of buildings and structures that use wood and wood-based products. The chapter is organized around three design methodologies: allowable stress design (ASD), load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and conventional light-frame construction. Included in this chapter are references to design and manufacturing standards for various wood and wood-based products; general construction requirements; design criteria for lateral force-resisting systems and specific requirements for the application of the three design methods. In general, only Type III, IV or V buildings may be constructed of wood.

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Chapter 24 Glass and Glazing

This chapter establishes regulations for glass and glazing that, when installed in buildings and structures, are subjected to wind, snow and dead loads. Engineering and design requirements are included in the chapter. Additional structural requirements are found in Chapter 16. Another concern of this chapter is glass and glazing used in areas where it is likely to be impacted by the occupants. Section 2406 identifies hazardous locations where glazing installed must either be safety glazing or blocked to prevent human impact. Safety glazing must meet stringent standards and be appropriately marked or identified. Additional requirements are provided for glass and glazing in guards, handrails, elevator hoistways and elevator cars, as well as in athletic facilities.

Chapter 25 Gypsum Board, Gypsum Panel Products and Plaster

Chapter 25 contains the provisions and referenced standards that regulate the design, construction and quality of gypsum board, gypsum panel products and plaster. It also addresses reinforced gypsum concrete. These represent the most common interior and exterior finish materials in the building industry. This chapter primarily addresses quality-control-related issues with regard to material specifications and installation requirements. Most products are manufactured under the control of industry standards. The building official or inspector primarily needs to verify that the appropriate product is used and properly installed for the intended use and location. While often simply used as wall and ceiling coverings, proper design and application are necessary to provide weather resistance and required fire protection for both structural and nonstructural building components.

Chapter 26 Plastic

The use of plastics in building construction and components is addressed in Chapter 26. This chapter provides standards addressing foam plastic insulation, foam plastics used as interior finish and trim, and other plastic veneers used on the inside or outside of a building. Plastic siding is regulated by Chapter 14. Sections 2606 through 2611 address the use of light-transmitting plastics in various configurations such as walls, roof panels, skylights, signs and as glazing. Requirements for the use of fiber-reinforced polymers, fiberglass-reinforced polymers and reflective plastic core insulation are also contained in this chapter. Additionally, requirements specific to the use of wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber are contained in this chapter. Some plastics exhibit rapid flame spread and heavy smoke density characteristics when exposed to fire. Exposure to the heat generated by a fire can cause some plastics to deform, which can affect their performance. The requirements and limitations of this chapter are necessary to control the use of plastic and foam plastic products such that they do not compromise the safety of building occupants.

Chapter 27 Electrical

Since electrical systems and components are an integral part of almost all structures, it is necessary for the code to address the installation of such systems. For this purpose, Chapter 27 references the National Electrical Code (NEC). In addition, Section 2702 addresses emergency and standby power requirements. Such systems must comply with the IFC and referenced standards. This section also provides references to the various code sections requiring emergency and standby power, such as high-rise buildings and buildings containing hazardous materials.

Chapter 28 Mechanical Systems

Nearly all buildings will include mechanical systems. This chapter provides references to the IMC and the IFGC for the design and installation of mechanical systems. In addition, Chapter 21 of this code is referenced for masonry chimneys, fireplaces and barbecues.

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Chapter 29 Plumbing Systems

Chapter 29 regulates the minimum number of plumbing fixtures that must be provided for every type of building. This chapter also regulates the location of the required fixtures in various types of buildings. This section requires separate facilities for males and females except for certain types of small occupancies. The regulations in this chapter come directly from Chapters 3 and 4 of the IPC.

Chapter 30 Elevators and Conveying Systems

Chapter 30 provides standards for the installation of elevators into buildings. Referenced standards provide the requirements for the elevator system and mechanisms. Detailed standards are provided in the chapter for hoistway enclosures, machine rooms and requirements for sizing of elevators. Beginning in the 2015 edition of this code, the elevator lobby requirements were moved from Chapter 7 to Chapter 30 to pull all the elevator-related construction requirements together. New provisions were added in the 2009 edition for fire service access elevators required in high-rise buildings and for the optional choice of occupant evacuation elevators (see Section 403).

Chapter 31 Special Construction

Chapter 31 contains a collection of regulations for a variety of unique structures and architectural features. Pedestrian walkways and tunnels connecting two buildings are addressed in Section 3104. Membrane and air-supported structures are addressed by Section 3102. Safeguards for swimming pool safety are addressed by way of reference to the ISPSC in Section 3109. Standards for temporary structures, including permit requirements, are provided in Section 3103. Structures as varied as awnings, marquees, signs, telecommunication and broadcast towers and automatic vehicular gates are also addressed (see Sections 3105 through 3108 and 3110).

Chapter 31A Systems for Window Cleaning or Exterior Building Maintenance

Chapter 31B Public Pools

Chapter 31C Radiation

Chapter 31D Food Establishments

Chapter 31E Reserved

Chapter 31F Marine Oil Terminals

Chapter 32 Encroachments into the Public Right-of-way

Buildings and structures from time to time are designed to extend over a property line and into the public right-of-way. Local regulations outside of the building code usually set limits to such encroachments, and such regulations take precedence over the provisions of this chapter. Standards are provided for encroachments below grade for structural support, vaults and areaways. Encroachments

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above grade are divided into below 8 feet, 8 feet to 15 feet, and above 15 feet, because of headroom and vehicular height issues. This includes steps, columns, awnings, canopies, marquees, signs, windows and balconies. Similar architectural features above grade are also addressed. Pedestrian walkways must also comply with Chapter 31.

Chapter 33 Safeguards During Construction

Chapter 33 provides safety requirements during construction and demolition of buildings and structures. These requirements are intended to protect the public from injury and adjoining property from damage. In addition the chapter provides for the progressive installation and operation of exit stairways and standpipe systems during construction.

Chapter 34 Reserved

During the 2015 code change cycle the membership voted to delete Chapter 34, Existing Structures, from this code and reference the IEBC. The provisions that were in Chapter 34 appear in the IEBC. Former Sections 3402 through 3411 appear as IEBC Chapter 4 and Section 3412 as Chapter 14.

Chapter 35 Referenced Standards

The code contains numerous references to standards that are used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 35 contains a comprehensive list of all standards that are referenced in the code, including the appendices. The standards are part of the code to the extent of the reference to the standard (see Section 102.4). Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compliance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installation requirements necessary for compliance with the code can be readily determined. The basis for code compliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the building official, contractor, designer and owner.

Chapter 35 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of the referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard. Each agency’s standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the standard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this code that reference the standard.

Appendices

Appendices are provided in the IBC to offer optional or supplemental criteria to the provisions in the main chapters of the code. Appendices provide additional information for administration of the Department of Building Safety as well as standards not typically administered by all building departments. Appendices have the same force and effect as the first 35 chapters of the IBC only when explicitly adopted by the jurisdiction.

BC to offer optional or supplemental criteria to the provisions in the main chapters of the code. Appendices provide additional information for administration of the Department of Building Safety as well as standards not typically administered by all building departments. Appendices have the same force and effect as the first 35 chapters of the IBC only when explicitly adopted by the jurisdiction.

Appendix A Employee Qualifications

Effective administration and enforcement of the family of International Codes depends on the training and expertise of the personnel employed by the jurisdiction and their knowledge of the codes. Section 103 of the code establishes the Department of Building Safety and calls for the appointment of a building official and deputies such as plans examiners and inspectors. Appendix A provides standards for experience, training and certification for the building official and the other staff mentioned in Chapter 1.

Appendix B Board of Appeals

Section 113 requires the establishment of a board of appeals to hear appeals regarding determinations made by the building official. Appendix B provides qualification standards for members of the board as well as operational procedures of such board.

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Appendix C Group U—Agricultural Buildings

Appendix C provides a more liberal set of standards for the construction of agricultural buildings, rather than strictly following the utility building provision, reflective of their specific usage and limited occupant load. The provisions of this appendix, when adopted, allow reasonable heights and areas commensurate with the risk of agricultural buildings.

Appendix D Fire Districts

Fire districts have been a tool used to limit conflagration hazards in areas of a city with intense and concentrated development. More frequently used under the model codes that preceded the IBC, this appendix is provided to allow jurisdictions to continue the designation and use of fire districts. Fire district standards restrict certain occupancies within the district, as well as setting higher minimum construction standards.

Appendix E Reserved

Appendix F Rodentproofing

The provisions of this appendix are minimum mechanical methods to prevent the entry of rodents into a building. These standards, when used in conjunction with cleanliness and maintenance programs, can significantly reduce the potential of rodents invading a building.

Appendix G Flood-resistant Construction

Appendix G is intended to fulfill the flood-plain management and administrative requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that are not included in the code. Communities that adopt the IBC and Appendix G will meet the minimum requirements of NFIP as set forth in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Appendix H Signs

Appendix H gathers in one place the various code standards that regulate the construction and protection of outdoor signs. Whenever possible, this appendix provides standards in performance language, thus allowing the widest possible application.

Appendix I Patio Covers

Appendix I provides standards applicable to the construction and use of patio covers. It is limited in application to patio covers accessory to dwelling units. Covers of patios and other outdoor areas associated with restaurants, mercantile buildings, offices, nursing homes or other nondwelling occupancies would be subject to standards in the main code and not this appendix.

Appendix J Grading

Appendix J provides standards for the grading of properties. This appendix also provides standards for administration and enforcement of a grading program including permit and inspection requirements. Appendix J was originally developed in the 1960s and used for many years in jurisdictions throughout the western United States. It is intended to provide consistent and uniform code requirements anywhere grading is considered an issue.

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Appendix K Group R-3 and Group R-3.1 Occupancies Protected by the Facilities of the Central Valley Flood Protection Plan

Appendix K provides provisions applicable to new construction, changes of use and to substantial improvement and restoration of substantial damage as defined in Section 1612 of Group R-3 and R- 3.1 located in areas protected by the facilities of the Central Valley Flood Protection Plan.

Appendix L Earthquake Recording Instrumentation

The purpose of this appendix is to foster the collection of ground motion data, particularly from strong-motion earthquakes. When this ground motion data is synthesized, it may be useful in developing future improvements to the earthquake provisions of the IBC.

Appendix M Tsunami-Generated Flood Hazards

Addressing a tsunami risk for all types of construction in a tsunami hazard zone through building code requirements would typically not be cost effective, making tsunami-resistant construction impractical at an individual building level. However, this appendix does allow the adoption and enforcement of requirements for tsunami hazard zones that regulate the presence of high-risk or high-hazard structures.

Appendix N Replicable Buildings

Many jurisdictions have recognized the need for some form of expedited review process for replicable buildings. By codifying the approach contained in the ICC G1-2010 Guideline for Replicable Build- ings, this appendix provides jurisdictions with a means of incorporating replicable building requirements into their building code adoption process. The intent is to streamline the plan review process at the local level by removing redundant reviews.

Appendix O Performance-based Application

Appendix O provides an optional design, review and approval framework for use by the building official. It simply extracts the relevant administrative provisions from the ICCPC into a more concise, usable appendix format for a jurisdiction confronted with such a need. Typical uses would include cases of alternate methods in Chapter 1 and select areas of the code that require a rational analysis, such as Section 909.

Appendix P Emergency Housing

This appendix shall be applicable to emergency housing and emergency housing facilities. Emer- gency sleeping cabins, emergency transportable housing units, membrane structures and tents con- structed and assembled in accordance with this appendix shall be occupied only during declaration of state of emergency, local emergency or shelter crises. Buildings and structures constructed in accordance with the California Building Code, used as emergency housing, shall be permitted to be permanently occupied.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . 1-1

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION . . . . 1-5

Section

1.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1.2 Building Standards Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1.3 Board of State and Community Corrections . . . 1-9 1.4 Department of Consumer Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.5 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.6 Department of Food and Agriculture. . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.7 California Department of Public Health . . . . . 1-10 1.8 Department of Housing and

Community Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.8.2 Authority and Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1.8.3 Local Enforcing Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1.8.4 Permits, Fees, Applications and Inspections . . 1-12 1.8.5 Right of Entry for Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 1.8.6 Local Modification by

Ordinance or Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 1.8.7 Alternate Materials, Designs, Tests and

Methods of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 1.8.8 Appeals Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 1.8.9 Unsafe Buildings or Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 1.8.10 Other Building Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15 1.9 Division of the State Architect . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15 1.10 Office of Statewide Health Planning

and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17 1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19 1.12 State Librarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24 1.13 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24 1.14 California State Lands Commission. . . . . . . . . 1-24

DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION. . . 1-25

PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . 1-25 102 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND

ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26 104 Duties and Powers of Building Official . . . . . . 1-27 105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 106 Floor and Roof Design Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30 107 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31 108 Temporary Structures and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE . . . . . . .3-1

Section

CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE. . . . . . . .4-1

Section

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CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS. . . . . . . . . . . . .10-1

Section

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1029 Egress Courts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50

1030 Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50

1031 Emergency Escape and Rescue. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-58

CHAPTER 11 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

CHAPTER 11A HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY. . . . 11A-1

DIVISION I – APPLICATION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-3

Section 1101A Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-3 1102A Building Accessibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-3 1103A Design and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-4 1104A Covered Multifamily Dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-4 1105A Garages, Carports and Parking Facilities. . . 11A-5 1106A Site and Building Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . 11A-5 1107A Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-5

DIVISION IV – DWELLING UNIT FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-31

1128A Covered Dwelling Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-31 1129A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-31 1130A Accessible Route within Covered

Multifamily Dwelling Units . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-31 1131A Changes in Level on Accessible Routes. . . . 11A-31 1132A Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-31 1133A Kitchens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-33 1134A Bathing and Toilet Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-34 1135A Laundry Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-37 1136A Electrical Receptacle,

Switch and Control Heights. . . . . . . . . . . 11A-37

DIVISION V – FEATURES COMMON TO EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-38

1137A Other Features and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-38 1138A Space Allowances and Reach Ranges . . . . . 11A-38 1139A Accessible Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . 11A-40 1140A Accessible Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-41 1141A Accessible Swimming Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-41 1142A Electrical Receptacle, Switch and

Control Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-42 1143A Signage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-42 1144A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44 1145A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44 1146A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44 1147A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44 1148A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44 1149A Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-44

DIVISION VI – SITE IMPRACTICALITY TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-45

1150A Site Impracticality Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-45

DIVISION VII – FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A-47

CHAPTER 11B ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC HOUSING . . . . . . 11B-1

DIVISION 1 – APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11B-3

Section 11B-101 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-3 11B-102 Dimensions for Adults and Children . . . . . 11B-3 11B-103 Equivalent Facilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-3 11B-104 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-3

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DIVISION 5 – GENERAL SITE AND BUILDING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-67

11B-501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-67 11B-502 Parking Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-67 11B-503 Passenger Drop-off and Loading Zones . . . .11B-70 11B-504 Stairways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-71 11B-505 Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-71

DIVISION 6 – PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-74

11B-601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-74 11B-602 Drinking Fountains and

Bottle-Filling Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-74 11B-603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-74 11B-604 Water Closets and Toilet

Compartments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-75 11B-605 Urinals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-80 11B-606 Lavatories and Sinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-80 11B-607 Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-81 11B-608 Shower Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-83 11B-609 Grab Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-86 11B-610 Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-86 11B-611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers . . . .11B-87 11B-612 Saunas and Steam Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-88

DIVISION 7 – COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-89

11B-701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-89 11B-702 Fire Alarm Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-89 11B-703 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-89 11B-704 Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-94 11B-705 Detectable Warnings and

Detectable Directional Texture. . . . . . . 11B-96 11B-706 Assistive Listening Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-98 11B-707 Automatic Teller Machines, Fare Machines

and Point-of-sale Devices. . . . . . . . . . . 11B-98 11B-708 Two-way Communication Systems . . . . . 11B-100

DIVISION 8 – SPECIAL ROOMS, SPACES AND ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-101

11B-801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11B-101 11B-802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion

Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats and Semi-ambulant Seats . . . . . . . . . . 11B-101 11B-803 Dressing, Fitting and Locker Rooms . . . 11B-102 11B-804 Kitchens, Kitchenettes and Wet Bars . . . 11B-102 11B-805 Medical Care and

Long-term Care Facilities. . . . . . . . . . 11B-104 11B-806 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms. . . . . . . 11B-105

Section

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CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1

Section

CHAPTER 15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND

ROOFTOP STRUCTURES. . . . . . . .15-1

Section

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX-1

HISTORY NOTE TO VOLUME 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .HIST-1

VOLUME 2

CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL DESIGN . . . . . . . . .16-1

Section

1601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-3

1602 Notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-3

CHAPTER 13 ENERGY EFFICIENCY . . . . . . . . . . 13-1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1603 Construction Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4

1604 General Design Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5

1605 Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-8

1606 Dead Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-9

1607 Live Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-9

1608 Snow Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-18

1609 Wind Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-18

1610 Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure. . . . . . . . . 16-27

1611 Rain Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-28

1612 Flood Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-34

1613 Earthquake Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-35

1614 Atmospheric Ice Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-37

1615 Tsunami Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-37

1616 Structural Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-48

1617 Additional Requirements for

Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC] . . . . . . . 16-49

CHAPTER 16A STRUCTURAL DESIGN . . . . . . . 16A-1 Section 1601A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-3 1602A Notations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-3 1603A Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-3 1604A General Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-5 1605A Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-9 1606A Dead Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-10 1607A Live Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-10 1608A Snow Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-19 1609A Wind Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-22 1610A Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure. . . . . . 16A-29 1611A Rain Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-30 1612A Flood Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-31 1613A Earthquake Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-37 1614A Atmospheric Ice Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-37 1615A Tsunami Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-38 1616A Structural Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-38 1617A Modifications to ASCE 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A-40

CHAPTER 17 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS

AND TESTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1

Section

1701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3

1702 New Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3

1703 Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3

1704 Special Inspections and Tests,

Contractor Responsibility and Structural Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-4

1705 Required Special Inspections and Tests . . . . . . . 17-6

1706 Design Strengths of Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-19

1707 Alternative Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-19

1708 In-situ Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-19

1709 Preconstruction Load Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-19

CHAPTER 17A SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-1 Section 1701A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-3 1702A New Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-3 1703A Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-3 1704A Special Inspections and Tests,

Contractor Responsibility and Structural Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-4 1705A Required Special Inspections and Tests. . . . . 17A-6 1706A Design Strengths of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-19 1707A Alternative Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-19 1708A In-situ Load Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-20 1709A Preconstruction Load Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A-20

CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS . . . . .18-1

Section

1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-3

1802 Design Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-3

1803 Geotechnical Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-3

1804 Excavation, Grading and Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-7

1805 Dampproofing and Waterproofing . . . . . . . . . . . .18-8

1806 Presumptive Load-bearing Values of Soils . . . . .18-9

1807 Foundation Walls, Retaining Walls

and Embedded Posts and Poles. . . . . . . . . . . .18-10

1808 Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-16

1809 Shallow Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-19

1810 Deep Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-21

1811 Prestressed Rock and Soil Foundation

Anchors [OSHPD 1R, 2B & 5]. . . . . . . . . . . .18-33

1812 Earth Retaining Shoring

[OSHPD 1R, 2B & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-33

1813 Vibro Stone Columns for Ground Improvement

[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-37

CHAPTER 18A SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. . . 18A-1 Section 1801A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A-3 1802A Design Basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A-3 1803A Geotechnical Investigations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A-3 1804A Excavation, Grading and Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . 18A-6 1805A Dampproofing and Waterproofing . . . . . . . . 18A-7 1806A Presumptive Load-bearing Values of Soils . . . . .18A-9

xxxii 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

Copyright © 2022 by, or licensed to, International Code Council, Inc. (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED); licensed to California Building Standards Commission pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions is authorized. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution is a violation of the federal copyright act and the license agreement, and subject to civil and criminal penalties thereunder.

CHAPTER 19 CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1

Section

1901 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-3

1902 Coordination of Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-5

1903 Specifications for Tests and Materials . . . . . . . . 19-5

1904 Durability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-6

1905 Modifications to ACI 318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-6

1906 Footings for Light-frame Construction . . . . . . . . 19-9

1907 Minimum Slab Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-9

1908 Shotcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-9

1909 Additional Requirements for

Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC] . . . . . . . . 19-9

1910 Additional Requirements for Skilled Nursing

Facilities, Intermediate Care Facilities, Acute Psychiatric and Non-GAC Buildings

[OSHPD 1R, 2B & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-13

1911 Existing Concrete Structures

[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-14

CHAPTER 19A CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-1 Section 1901A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-3 1902A Coordination of Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-4 1903A Specifications for Tests and Materials . . . . . . 19A-4 1904A Durability Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-5 1905A Modifications to ACI 318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-5 1906A Footings for Light-frame Construction . . . . . 19A-8 1907A Minimum Slab Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-8 1908A Shotcrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-8 1909A Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-8 1910A Concrete, Reinforcement

and Anchor Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-8 1911A Existing Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 19A-10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 20 ALUMINUM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-1

Section

2001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-3

2002 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-3

2003 Testing and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-3

Copyright © 2022 by, or licensed to, International Code Council, Inc. (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED); licensed to California Building Standards Commission pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions is authorized. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution is a violation of the federal copyright act and the license agreement, and subject to civil and criminal penalties thereunder.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 22 STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1

Section

2201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-3

2202 Identification of Steel for Structural Purposes . . 22-3

2203 Protection of Steel

for Structural Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-3

2204 Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-3

2205 Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-4

2206 Composite Structural Steel and

Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6

2207 Steel Joists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-6

2208 Steel Cable Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-7

2209 Steel Storage Racks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-7

2210 Cold-formed Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-7

2211 Cold-formed Steel Light-frame Construction . . . 22-8

2212 Additional Requirements for

Community Colleges [DSA-SS/CC] . . . . . . . . 22-9

2213 Testing and Field Verification

[OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-10

CHAPTER 22A STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-1 Section 2201A General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-3 2202A Identification of Steel for

Structural Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-3 2203A Protection of Steel for

Structural Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-3 2204A Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-3 2205A Structural Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-4 2206A Composite Structural Steel and

Concrete Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-6 2207A Steel Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-6 2208A Steel Cable Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-7 2209A Steel Storage Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-8 2210A Cold-formed Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-8 2211A Cold-formed Steel

Light-frame Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-8 2212A [DSA-SS] Light Modular Steel Moment Frames for

Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, and Community Colleges . . . . . . . 22A-9 2213A Testing and Field Verification . . . . . . . . . . . 22A-10

CHAPTER 23 WOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1

Section

2301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-3

2302 Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-4

2303 Minimum Standards and Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-4

CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING . . . . . . . . . .24-1

Section

2401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-3

2402 Glazing Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-3

2403 General Requirements for Glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-3

2404 Wind, Snow, Seismic and

Dead Loads on Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-4

2405 Sloped Glazing and Skylights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-6

2406 Safety Glazing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-7

2407 Glass in Handrails and Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-9

2408 Glazing in Athletic Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-10

2409 Glass in Walkways, Elevator Hoistways

and Elevator Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-10

2410 [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC, OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5]

Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG). . . . . . . . . .24-10

2411 [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] Thermal Barriers in Aluminum Mullion Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-12

CHAPTER 25 GYPSUM BOARD,

GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCTS AND PLASTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-1

Section

2501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-3

2502 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-3

2503 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-3

2504 Vertical and Horizontal Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . .25-4

2505 Shear Wall Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-4

2506 Gypsum Board and Gypsum

Panel Product Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-4

2507 Lathing and Plastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-4

2508 Gypsum Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-5

2509 Showers and Water Closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-7

2510 Lathing and Furring for Cement

Plaster (Stucco). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-7

2511 Interior Plaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-8

2512 Exterior Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-9

2513 Exposed Aggregate Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-9

2514 Reinforced Gypsum Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-10

xxxiv 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Copyright © 2022 by, or licensed to, International Code Council, Inc. (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED); licensed to California Building Standards Commission pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions is authorized. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution is a violation of the federal copyright act and the license agreement, and subject to civil and criminal penalties thereunder.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

xxxvi 2022 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

Copyright © 2022 by, or licensed to, International Code Council, Inc. (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED); licensed to California Building Standards Commission pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions is authorized. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution is a violation of the federal copyright act and the license agreement, and subject to civil and criminal penalties thereunder.

TABLE OF CONTENTS