CRC · California Residential Code

What rooftop PV fire-classification and ridge setback rules apply?

Homeowner summary: Your rooftop PV must be listed for the same fire classification as your roof, and PV arrays must leave a clear setback at each horizontal ridge — normally **18 inches** if the array covers **≤ 33%** of the roof and **36 inches** if it covers **> 33%**; if your home has an automatic sprinkler system those thresholds become **66% / 36 inches** respectively. Check for listing (UL 2703/UL 3741) and roof slope exceptions in the code.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems must carry the same fire classification required by the roof provisions — see § R907.2 and § R329.4.2. For ridge setbacks, the California Residential Code requires clear setbacks at the ridge based on the percent of the plan‑view roof area covered by PV: ≤ 33% → 18 in., > 33% → 36 in., with an alternate (more permissive) threshold when an automatic sprinkler system is installed — see § R329.6.2 and § R329.6.2.1.

The single most important rule: rooftop PV must be listed for the same fire classification as the roof, and ridge setbacks are required depending on what percent of the roof the PV covers (18" or 36", with sprinkler exceptions).

Requirements in detail

Fire classification (what the panels must be)

  • Rooftop‑mounted PV panel systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with the roof classification requirements referenced by the code — see § R907.2 (points to roof rules) and § R329.4.2 (PV = same classification as required by § R902). That means PV panels/modules must be tested/listed per the referenced standards (UL 2703 for rooftop panels) and installed per their listing and manufacturer instructions. § R907.2

  • Building‑integrated PV (BIPV) used as roof covering follows the BIPV fire‑classification rules (UL 7103 / BIPV-specific rules) — see § R329.5.1.1 and § R902.3.

Ridge setbacks (decision table)

Use the plan‑view percentage of the entire roof that the PV array occupies, then apply the corresponding setback width on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

PV area (% of plan view roof) Ridge setback required (each side) Alternative with dwelling sprinkler (NFPA 13D or § R309) Code Reference
Not more than 33% 18 in. (457 mm) If sprinkler installed and PV ≤ 66%, 18 in. (457 mm) § R329.6.2
More than 33% 36 in. (914 mm) If sprinkler installed and PV > 66%, 36 in. (914 mm) § R329.6.2; § R329.6.2.1
BIPV / special listed systems See BIPV rules and exceptions; some listed BIPV products are treated differently (UL 3741) See exception list § R329.5.1.1; § R329.6 exceptions

Notes about the inputs to the table:

  • Plan‑view total roof area = combined plan projection of all roof planes used to compute the percent coverage (the code uses plan‑view % as the decision metric) — see § R329.6.2.
  • Ridge setbacks are measured clear (unobstructed) on both sides of a horizontal ridge. § R329.6.2

Other mandatory rooftop PV roof provisions that interact

  • PV panels mounted on top of roofing must be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2703 and installed per manufacturer/listing — § R907.4.
  • Where PV are installed over a roof assembly the PV system must have the same roof fire classification required by § R902 (see § R329.4.2).
  • Pathways and access (36‑inch wide) from lowest roof edge to ridge are required and are separate but related requirements — § R329.6.1. These pathways and clearance affect array layout and can constrain available area for PV.

Exceptions & special cases

  • Roof slope: the roof access/pathway/setback requirements do not apply to roofs with slope 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (≤ 2/12). § R329.6 (exceptions)
  • BIPV UL 3741 exception: Building‑integrated PV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where cutting away/removal during firefighting will not expose firefighters to electrical shock hazards, can be exempted from some roof access/setback requirements — see the exceptions to § R329.6.
  • Automatic sprinkler alternative: where an automatic sprinkler system complying with NFPA 13D or § R309 is installed, the plan‑view area thresholds that determine whether a 18 in. or 36 in. setback apply are doubled (from 33% → 66%) per § R329.6.2.1.
  • Jurisdictional adoption: the code allows jurisdictions to require Class A/B/C panels in particular locations (for example, when roof edge is closer than 3 ft to a lot line) — see § R902.3 / R902.4 for where Class A/B/C may be required.

If you need a ruling for a nonstandard situation (e.g., complex multi‑ridge roof, partial BIPV + PV mixture, or listed assemblies with special testing), consult the enforcing agency or the listing documentation — the code repeatedly defers to listings and the enforcing agency in exceptions.

Common mistakes

  • Treating the setback as a percentage of each roof plane instead of the plan‑view total roof area. The code uses plan view percent to decide the threshold. § R329.6.2
  • Forgetting the sprinkler alternative: when a qualifying automatic sprinkler system is present, the allowable coverage for the smaller setback doubles to 66% — § R329.6.2.1.
  • Overlooking roof slope exceptions (≤ 2/12) that remove these pathway/setback requirements entirely. § R329.6 exceptions.
  • Installing panels that are not listed per the required standard (e.g., rooftop PV not listed to UL 2703) or ignoring the listing/manufacturer instructions — § R907.4 and § R329.4.2.
  • Not accounting for required 36‑inch pathways and other rooftop features (vents, skylights, escape openings) when laying out arrays — see § R329.6.1 and § R329.6.3.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: a single‑family house has a simple gable roof with total plan‑view roof area = 2,000 ft². The proposed rooftop PV array plan projection covers 800 ft².

  1. Compute percent coverage: 800 / 2000 = 0.40 = 40% (plan‑view).
  2. No automatic sprinkler in dwelling:
    • 40% is > 33%, so the code requires a 36‑inch (914 mm) clear setback on both sides of any horizontal ridge. § R329.6.2
  3. If the same dwelling had an automatic sprinkler system installed per NFPA 13D / § R309:
    • The alternative thresholds apply: 40% is ≤ 66%, so the smaller 18‑inch (457 mm) setback would be allowed under § R329.6.2.1.
  4. Confirm panels/listing: ensure chosen rooftop panels are listed per UL 2703 and meet the required fire classification consistent with § R907.2 and § R329.4.2.

Related provisions (quick links)

  • § R907.2 — Fire classification for rooftop‑mounted PV systems.
  • § R907.4 — PV panels/modules listing (UL 2703) and installation per listing.
  • § R329.4.2 — PV must have same fire classification required by roof (§ R902).
  • § R902.3 / § R902.4 — BIPV and rooftop PV fire‑classification references and where Class A/B/C may be required.
  • § R329.6.1 — Roof pathways (36 in.) from eave to ridge and related access.
  • § R329.6.2 — Setback at ridge (33% threshold / 18 in. vs 36 in.).
  • § R329.6.2.1 — Alternative setback thresholds when an automatic sprinkler system is installed.
  • § R329.6.3 — PV placement relative to emergency escape and rescue openings.
  • § R329.6.4 — Marking requirements for BIPV that create hidden electrical hazards (UL 3741 exception noted).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Residential Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CRC § 5.1 High relevance — show source text

    R329.5.1 BIPV roofing systems. BIPV roofing systems shall comply with Section R905.15. BIPV roof panels shall comply with Section R905.16.

    R329.5.1.1 Fire classification. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.3.

    R329.5.2 BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration. BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration shall comply with Section R705.

    R329.6 Roof access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and setback requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections R329.6.1 through R329.6.2.1. Access and minimum spacing shall be required to provide emergency access to the roof, to provide pathways to specific areas of the roof, provide for smoke ventilation opportunity areas, and to provide emergency egress from the roof.

    Exceptions:

    1. Detached, nonhabitable structures, including but not limited to detached garages, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures, shall not be required to provide roof access.
    2. Roof access, pathways and setbacks need not be provided where the enforcing agency has determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.
    3. These requirements shall not apply to roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or less.
    4. BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations has been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

    R329.6.1 Pathways. Not fewer than two pathways, on separate roof planes from lowest roof edge to ridge and not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide, shall be provided on all buildings. Not fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the roof. For each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, a pathway not less than 36 inches wide (914 mm) shall be provided from the lowest roof edge to ridge on the same roof plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane, or straddling the same and adjacent roof planes. Pathways shall be over areas capable of supporting firefighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be located in areas with minimal obstructions such as vent pipes, conduit, or mechanical equipment.

    R329.6.2 Setback at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    R329.6.2.1 Alternative setback at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling or townhouse in accordance with NFPA 13D or Section R309, setbacks at ridges shall comply with one of the following:

    1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
    2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
  • CRC § 1205.2 High relevance — show source text

    1205.2 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1205.2.1 through 1205.3.3. Pathways shall be over areas capable of supporting firefighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be located in areas with minimal obstructions, such as vent pipes, conduit or mechanical equipment.

    Exceptions:

    1. Detached, nonhabitable Group U structures including, but not limited to, detached garages serving Group R-3 buildings, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures.
    2. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements need not be provided where the fire code official has determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.
    3. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems where the BIPV systems are approved, integrated into the finished roof surface and are listed in accordance with UL 3741. The removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations shall not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

    1205.2.1 Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for Group R-3 buildings. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for Group R-3 buildings shall comply with Sections 1205.2.1.1 through 1205.2.3.

    Exceptions:

    1. These requirements shall not apply to structures designed and constructed in accordance with the California Residen- tial Code .

    2. These requirements shall not apply to roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (16.7-percent slope) or less.

    1205.2.1.1 Pathways to ridge. Not fewer than two 36-inch-wide (914 mm) pathways on separate roof planes, from lowest roof edge to ridge, shall be provided on all buildings. Not fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the roof. For each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, not fewer than one 36-inch-wide (914 mm) pathway from lowest roof edge to ridge shall be provided on the same roof plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane or straddling the same and adjacent roof planes.

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    ENERGY SYSTEMS

    1205.2.1.2 Setbacks at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 33 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    1205.2.1.3 Alternative setbacks at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, setbacks at the ridge shall conform to one of the following:

    1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 66 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
    2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
  • CRC § 6.2 High relevance — show source text

    R329.6.2 Setback at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    R329.6.2.1 Alternative setback at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling or townhouse in accordance with NFPA 13D or Section R309, setbacks at ridges shall comply with one of the following:

    1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
    2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    R329.6.3 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Panels and modules installed on dwellings or townhouses shall not be placed on the portion of a roof that is below an emergency escape and rescue opening. A pathway not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide shall be provided to the emergency escape and rescue opening.

    Exception: BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations has been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

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    BUILDING PLANNING

    R329.6.4 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Where building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are installed in a manner creating areas with electrical hazards that are hidden from view, markings shall be provided to identify the hazardous areas to avoid for ladder placement. The markings shall be reflective and be visible from grade beneath the eaves or other location approved by the fire code official.

    Exception: BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations have been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

    R329.7 Elevated photovoltaic (PV) support structures. Elevated PV support structures used as an accessory structure shall comply with either Section R329.7.1 or R329.7.2. Elevated PV support structures shall be considered a roof for the purposes of establishing the number of stories and fire separation distances.

    Exception : Elevated PV support structures that are installed over agricultural use.

    R329.7.1 PV panels installed over open-grid framing or noncombustible deck. Elevated PV support structures with PV panels installed over open-grid framing or over a noncombustible deck shall have PV panels tested, listed and labeled with a fire type rating in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Photovoltaic panels marked “not fire rated” shall not be installed on elevated PV support structures.

  • CRC § 4.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    R329.4.1.1 Roof load. Portions of roof structures not covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for dead loads and roof loads in accordance with Sections R301.4 and R301.6. Portions of roof structures covered with photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for the following load cases:

    1. Dead load (including photovoltaic panel weight) plus snow load in accordance with Table R301.2.
    2. Dead load (excluding photovoltaic panel weight) plus roof live load or snow load, whichever is greater, in accordance with Section R301.6.

    R329.4.1.2 Wind load. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel or module systems and their supports shall be designed and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).

    R329.4.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the same fire classification as the roof assembly required in Section R902.

    R329.4.3 Roof penetrations. Roof penetrations shall be flashed and sealed in accordance with Chapter 9.

    R329.5 Building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections R329.5.1 through R329.5.2.

    R329.5.1 BIPV roofing systems. BIPV roofing systems shall comply with Section R905.15. BIPV roof panels shall comply with Section R905.16.

    R329.5.1.1 Fire classification. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.3.

    R329.5.2 BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration. BIPV exterior wall coverings and fenestration shall comply with Section R705.

    R329.6 Roof access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and setback requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections R329.6.1 through R329.6.2.1. Access and minimum spacing shall be required to provide emergency access to the roof, to provide pathways to specific areas of the roof, provide for smoke ventilation opportunity areas, and to provide emergency egress from the roof.

    Exceptions:

    1. Detached, nonhabitable structures, including but not limited to detached garages, parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures, shall not be required to provide roof access.
    2. Roof access, pathways and setbacks need not be provided where the enforcing agency has determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.
    3. These requirements shall not apply to roofs with slopes of 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope) or less.
    4. BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations has been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.
  • CRC § 12-6 High relevance — show source text

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    ENERGY SYSTEMS

    1205.2.1.2 Setbacks at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 33 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    1205.2.1.3 Alternative setbacks at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, setbacks at the ridge shall conform to one of the following:

    1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 66 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
    2. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.

    1205.2.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Panels and modules installed on Group R-3 buildings shall not be placed on the portion of a roof that is below an emergency escape and rescue opening. A pathway of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide shall be provided to the emergency escape and rescue opening.

    1205.2.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Where building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are installed in a manner that creates areas with electrical hazards to be hidden from view, markings shall be provided to identify the hazardous areas to avoid for ladder placement. The markings shall be reflective and be visible from grade beneath the eaves or other location approved by the fire code official.

    Exception: BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations have been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

    1205.2.4 Locations of DC conductors. Conduit, wiring systems and raceways for photovoltaic circuits shall be located as close as possible to the ridge or hip or valley and from the hip or valley as directly as possible to an outside wall to reduce trip hazards and maximize ventila- tion opportunities. Conduit runs between sub arrays and to DC combiner boxes shall be installed in a manner that minimizes the total amount of conduit on the roof by taking the shortest path from the array to the DC combiner box. The DC combiner boxes shall be located such that conduit runs are minimized in the pathways between arrays. DC wiring shall be installed in metallic conduit or raceways when located within enclosed spaces in a building. Conduit shall run along the bottom of load bearing members.

    1205.3 Other than Group R-3 buildings. Access to systems for buildings, other than those containing Group R-3 occupancies, shall be provided in accordance with Sections 1205.3.1 through 1205.3.3.

  • CRC § 4.1 High relevance — show source text

    SECTION R907—ROOFTOP-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEMS

    R907.1 Rooftop-mounted (PV) photovoltaic panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R329 and the California Electrical Code .

    R907.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the fire classification as required by Section R902.4.

    R907.3 Installation. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.4 Photovoltaic panels and modules. Photovoltaic panel systems mounted on top of a roof shall be listed and labeled in accor- dance with UL 2703 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.5 Fire safety provisions for photovoltaic panel system. Solar photovoltaic panel systems installed upon a roof or as an integral part of a roof assembly shall comply with the requirements of this code and the California Fire Code.

    SECTION R908—REROOFING

    R908.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.

    Exceptions:

    1. Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section R905 for roofs that provide positive roof drainage.
    2. For roofs that provide positive drainage, recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall not require the secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scuppers of Section R903.4.1 to be added to an existing roof.

    R908.2 Structural and construction loads. The structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the roof covering system.

    R908.3 Roof replacement. Roof replacement shall include the removal of existing layers of roof coverings down to the roof deck.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where the existing roof assembly includes an ice barrier membrane that is adhered to the roof deck and the existing sheathing is not water soaked or deteriorated to the point that it is not adequate as a base for additional roofing, the existing ice barrier membrane shall be permitted to remain in place and covered with an additional layer of ice barrier membrane in accordance with Section R905 where permitted by the roof covering manufacturer and new ice barrier underlayment manufacturer.
    2. Where the existing roof includes a self-adhered underlayment and the existing sheathing is not water soaked or deteriorated to the point that it is not adequate as a base for additional roofing, the existing self-adhered underlayment shall be

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    permitted to remain in place and covered with an underlayment complying with Table R905.1.1(1), Table R905.1.1(2) and Table R905.1.1(3). 3.

  • CRC § 16.6 High relevance — show source text

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    R905.16.6 Attachment. BIPV roof panels shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R905.16.7 Wind resistance of BIPV roof panels. BIPV roof panels shall be tested in accordance with UL 7103 and installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table R301.2.1(1), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table R301.2.1(2).

    SECTION R906—ROOF INSULATION

    R906.1 General. Where above-deck thermal insulation is installed, such insulation shall be covered with an approved roof covering and shall comply with NFPA 276 or UL 1256.

    R906.2 Material standards. Above-deck thermal insulation board shall comply with the standards in Table R906.2.

    TABLE R906.2—MATERIAL STANDARDS FOR ROOF INSULATION Col2
    MATERIAL STANDARD
    Cellular glass board ASTM C552or ASTM C1902
    Composite boards ASTM C1289, Type III, IV, V or VI
    Expanded polystyrene ASTM C578
    Extruded polystyrene board ASTM C578
    Fiber-reinforced gypsum board ASTM C1278
    Glass-faced gypsum board ASTM C1177
    Mineral wool board ASTM C726
    Perlite board ASTM C728
    Polyisocyanurate board ASTM C1289, Type I or II
    Wood fiberboard ASTM C208

    SECTION R907—ROOFTOP-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEMS

    R907.1 Rooftop-mounted (PV) photovoltaic panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R329 and the California Electrical Code .

    R907.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall have the fire classification as required by Section R902.4.

    R907.3 Installation. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.4 Photovoltaic panels and modules. Photovoltaic panel systems mounted on top of a roof shall be listed and labeled in accor- dance with UL 2703 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    R907.5 Fire safety provisions for photovoltaic panel system. Solar photovoltaic panel systems installed upon a roof or as an integral part of a roof assembly shall comply with the requirements of this code and the California Fire Code.

    SECTION R908—REROOFING

    R908.1 General. Materials and methods of application used for recovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.

  • CRC § 3-75 High relevance — show source text

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 3-75

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    BUILDING PLANNING

    R329.6.4 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Where building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are installed in a manner creating areas with electrical hazards that are hidden from view, markings shall be provided to identify the hazardous areas to avoid for ladder placement. The markings shall be reflective and be visible from grade beneath the eaves or other location approved by the fire code official.

    Exception: BIPV systems listed in accordance with UL 3741, where the removal or cutting away of portions of the BIPV system during firefighting operations have been determined to not expose a firefighter to electrical shock hazards.

    R329.7 Elevated photovoltaic (PV) support structures. Elevated PV support structures used as an accessory structure shall comply with either Section R329.7.1 or R329.7.2. Elevated PV support structures shall be considered a roof for the purposes of establishing the number of stories and fire separation distances.

    Exception : Elevated PV support structures that are installed over agricultural use.

    R329.7.1 PV panels installed over open-grid framing or noncombustible deck. Elevated PV support structures with PV panels installed over open-grid framing or over a noncombustible deck shall have PV panels tested, listed and labeled with a fire type rating in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Photovoltaic panels marked “not fire rated” shall not be installed on elevated PV support structures.

    R329.7.2 PV panels installed over a roof assembly. Elevated PV support structures with a PV panel system installed over a roof assembly shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section R902.4 and Section R329.4.

    R329.8 Ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section R301.

    R329.8.1 Fire separation distances. Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be subject to the fire separation distance requirements determined by the enforcing agency.

    R329.8.2 Ground-mounted photovoltaic arrays. Ground mounted photovoltaic arrays shall comply with this section and the Cali- fornia Electrical Code. Setback requirements shall not apply to ground-mounted, free-standing photovoltaic arrays. A clear, brush- free area of 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be required for ground-mounted photovoltaic arrays.

    R329.8.3 Locations of DC conductors. Conduit, wiring systems and raceways for photovoltaic circuits shall be located as close as possible to the ridge or hip or valley and from the hip or valley as directly as possible to an outside wall to reduce trip hazards and maximize ventilation opportunities. Conduit runs between sub arrays and to DC combiner boxes shall be installed in a manner that minimizes the total amount of conduit on the roof by taking the shortest path from the array to the DC combiner box. The DC combiner boxes shall be located such that conduit runs are minimized in the pathways between arrays. DC wiring shall be installed in metallic conduit or raceways when located within enclosed spaces in a building. Conduit shall run along the bottom of load bearing members.

    SECTION R330—ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

  • CRC § 3111.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    3111.2.1 Equipment. Solar thermal systems and components shall be listed and labeled in accordance with ICC 900/SRCC 300 and ICC 901/SRCC 100.

    3111.3 Photovoltaic solar energy systems. Photovoltaic solar energy systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this section, the California Fire Code, the California Electrical Code and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

    3111.3.1 Equipment. Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction.

    3111.3.2 Fire classification. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.9. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as roof coverings shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.8.

    3111.3.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV systems installed as roof coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 1507.

    [F] 3111.3.4 Access and pathways. Roof access, pathways and spacing requirements shall be provided in accordance with Section 1205 of the California Fire Code .

    3111.3.5 Elevated photovoltaic (PV) support structures. Elevated PV support structures shall comply with either Section 3111.3.5.1 or 3111.3.5.2.

    Exception: Elevated PV support structures that are installed over agricultural uses.

    3111.3.5.1 Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed over open-grid framing or a noncombustible deck. Elevated PV support structures with PV panels installed over open-grid framing or over a noncombustible deck shall have PV panels tested, listed and labeled with a fire type rating in accordance with UL 1703 or with both UL 61730-1 and UL 61730-2. Photovoltaic panels marked “not fire rated” shall not be installed on elevated PV support structures.

    3111.3.5.2 Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed over a roof assembly. Elevated PV support structures with a PV panel system installed over a roof assembly shall have a fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.9.

    3111.3.6 Ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 16 and the California Fire Code .

    3111.3.6.1 Fire separation distances. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be subject to the fire separation distance requirements determined by the local jurisdiction.

    SECTION 3112—GREENHOUSES

    3112.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply to greenhouses that are designed and used for the cultivation, maintenance, or protection of plants.

    [BE] 3112.2 Accessibility. Greenhouses shall be accessible in accordance with Chapter 11. [HCD 1] Greenhouses accessory to covered multifamily dwellings, as defined in Chapter 2, used as a common use facility, shall be on an accessible route in accordance with Chapter 11A.

    3112.3 Structural design. Greenhouses shall comply with the structural design requirements for greenhouses in Chapter 16.

  • CRC § 1.2. High relevance — show source text

    R902.3 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with UL 7103 [SFM] Section R902.1 through R902.1.2. Class A, B or C BIPV products shall be installed where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    R902.4 Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems installed on or above the roof covering shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. Class A, B or C photovoltaic panel systems

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    �

    ROOF ASSEMBLIES

    and modules shall be installed in jurisdictions designated by law as requiring their use or where the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a lot line.

    SECTION R903—WEATHER PROTECTION

    R903.1 General. Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof assemblies shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and the approved manufacturer’s instructions such that the roof assembly shall serve to protect the building or structure.

    R903.2 Flashing. Flashings shall be installed in a manner that prevents moisture from entering the wall and roof through joints in copings, through moisture permeable materials and at intersections with parapet walls and other penetrations through the roof plane.

    R903.2.1 Locations. Flashings shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction and around roof openings. A flashing shall be installed to divert the water away from where the eave of a sloped roof intersects a vertical sidewall. Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet).

    R903.2.2 Crickets and saddles. A cricket or saddle shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or penetration more than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as measured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as the roof covering.

    Exception: Unit skylights installed in accordance with Section R324.6 and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions shall be permitted to be installed without a cricket or saddle.

    R903.3 Coping. Parapet walls shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width not less than the thickness of the parapet wall.

    R903.4 Roof drainage. Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges, roof drains shall be installed at each low point of the roof.

    R903.4.1 Secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scuppers. Where roof drains are required, secondary emergency overflow roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup for any reason.

  • CRC § 1505.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    [BF] 1505.7 Special purpose roofs. Special purpose wood shingle or wood shake roofing shall conform to the grading and application requirements of Section 1507.8 or 1507.9. In addition, an underlayment of [5] / 8 -inch (15.9 mm) Type X water-resistant gypsum backing board or gypsum sheathing shall be placed under minimum nominal [1] / 2 -inch-thick (12.7 mm) wood structural panel solid sheathing or 1-inch (25 mm) nominal spaced sheathing.

    [BF] 1505.8 Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. BIPV products installed as the roof covering shall be tested, listed and labeled for fire classification in accordance with Section 1505.1.

    [BF] 1505.9 Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems. Rooftop mounted photovoltaic (PV) panel systems shall be tested, listed and identified with a fire classification in accordance with UL 2703. Listed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and their listing. The fire classification shall comply with Table 1505.1 based on the type of construction of the building.

    [BF] 1505.10 Landscaped and vegetative roofs. Landscaped and vegetative roofs shall comply with Sections 1505.1 and 1507.15. Vegetative roofs shall be installed in accordance with ANSI/SPRI VF-1.

    SECTION 1506—MATERIALS

    1506.1 Scope. The requirements set forth in this section shall apply to the application of roof-covering materials specified herein. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the roof covering listing as required by Section 1505. Installation of roof coverings shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 1507.

    1506.2 Material specifications and physical characteristics. Roof-covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter.

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    ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES

    1506.3 Product identification. Roof-covering materials shall be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer’s identifying marks and approved testing agency labels required in accordance with Section 1505. Bulk shipments of materials shall be accompanied with the same information issued in the form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.

    SECTION 1507—REQUIREMENTS FOR ROOF COVERINGS

    1507.1 Scope. Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  • CRC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

    a_| |In detached garages and detached accessory structures|200|| |In detached garages and detached accessory structures|600|Detached garage or detached accessory structure is
    a minimum 10 feet away from property lines and
    dwellings.| |Outdoors on the ground|200|ESS is a minimum 3 feet away from property lines
    and dwellings.| |Outdoors on the ground|600|ESS is a minimum 10 feet away from property lines
    and dwellings.| |For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm
    a. Noncombustible wall surface shall extend in accordance with all the following:
    1. A minimum of 5 feet horizontally from the edge of the ESS.
    2. A minimum of 1 foot vertically below the bottom edge of the ESS.
    3. A minimum of 8 feet vertically above the ESS, or to a noncombustible eave, whichever is less.
    The code official is authorized to approve reductions of installation requirements based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.5.|For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm
    a. Noncombustible wall surface shall extend in accordance with all the following:
    1. A minimum of 5 feet horizontally from the edge of the ESS.
    2. A minimum of 1 foot vertically below the bottom edge of the ESS.
    3. A minimum of 8 feet vertically above the ESS, or to a noncombustible eave, whichever is less.
    The code official is authorized to approve reductions of installation requirements based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.5.|For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm
    a. Noncombustible wall surface shall extend in accordance with all the following:
    1. A minimum of 5 feet horizontally from the edge of the ESS.
    2. A minimum of 1 foot vertically below the bottom edge of the ESS.
    3. A minimum of 8 feet vertically above the ESS, or to a noncombustible eave, whichever is less.
    The code official is authorized to approve reductions of installation requirements based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.5.|

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    ENERGY SYSTEMS

    1207.11.5 Electrical installation. ESS shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1741 or provided as part of the UL 9540 listing. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility interaction. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)

    1207.11.6 Fire detection. ESS installed in Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall comply with the following:

    1. Rooms and areas within dwelling units, sleeping units, basements and attached garages in which ESS are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in accordance with Section 907.2.11.
    2. A listed heat alarm shall be installed in locations where smoke alarms cannot be installed based on their listing.

Frequently asked questions

Do these ridge setback rules apply on every roof type?

Yes, they apply to rooftop‑mounted PV on residential buildings unless a specific exception applies (e.g., roofs with slope ≤ 2/12) or a listed BIPV product with UL 3741 conditions applies. § R329.6 (exceptions)

How do I determine the “plan‑view total roof area”?

The code uses the plan‑view projection of the roof (all roof planes combined) to compute the percent area covered by PV. Use that percent to decide whether 18 in. or 36 in. setbacks apply per § R329.6.2.

If I install an automatic sprinkler system, do setbacks go away?

No — they do not go away, but the threshold that triggers the larger setback increases (the code’s alternative: ≤ 66% → 18 in., > 66% → 36 in.) per § R329.6.2.1.

Must PV panels be listed for fire classification?

Yes — rooftop‑mounted PV panels must be listed/identified per the referenced standards (UL 2703 for rooftop panels) and meet the fire classification requirements tied to the roof (see § R907.4 and § R329.4.2).

Can BIPV systems avoid these setbacks?

Some BIPV products listed to UL 3741 and shown not to create electrical hazards during firefighting may be excepted from certain requirements, but the listing and enforcing‑agency approval are required. § R329.5.1.1 and the exceptions to § R329.6.

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