CPC · California Plumbing Code
Which food- and beverage-handling equipment must discharge via indirect waste?
If equipment handles food or beverages and has a drain, the CPC generally requires it to discharge indirectly (air gap or air break) so waste cannot backflow into plumbing; food‑preparation sinks and unpackaged‑ice containers must use a full air gap and each food‑handling indirect waste must run separately to the receptor (see § 801.3, § 801.3.1, § 801.3.3).
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2–4 sentences
The California Plumbing Code requires that food- and beverage-handling equipment that has drainage be routed as indirect waste (i.e., discharge through an air gap or air break) rather than directly into the building sanitary system. The list of covered equipment includes refrigerators, refrigeration coils, freezers, walk‑in coolers, iceboxes, ice‑making machines, steam tables, egg boilers, coffee urns and brewers, hot‑and‑cold drink dispensers, and similar equipment — § 801.3.
Food‑preparation fixtures (for example, food‑preparation sinks, steam kettles, potato peelers, ice‑cream dipper wells) and bins or sinks that hold unpackaged ice for human consumption must be discharged via an air gap and must be separately piped to the indirect‑waste receptor — § 801.3.3.
The single most important rule: equipment that handles food or beverages and has a drain must discharge indirectly so waste cannot back‑siphon into or contaminate other plumbing; food‑preparation fixtures require a full air gap.
Requirements in detail
Which equipment the CPC lists as requiring indirect waste
- Refrigerators, refrigeration coils, freezers, walk‑in coolers, iceboxes, ice‑making machines. § 801.3.
- Steam tables, egg boilers, coffee urns and brewers, hot‑and‑cold drink dispensers, and “similar equipment” that require drainage. § 801.3.
- Food‑preparation sinks, steam kettles, potato peelers, ice‑cream dipper wells, and similar food‑handling fixtures — must be connected by air gap. § 801.3.3.
- Bins, sinks, and other equipment used for storage of unpackaged ice (used for human ingestion or direct contact with ready‑to‑eat food) must discharge by air gap. § 801.3.3.
Minimum piping sizes, length limits, and connection types
Use the table below to decide how to route a particular drain. The “Decision‑relevant dimension” column lists the code thresholds you must meet.
| Equipment or feature | Indirect connection required? | Required connection type | Minimum indirect‑waste pipe size (nominal) | Max developed length | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refrigerators, freezers, refrigeration coils (general) | Yes | Air gap or air break (indirect waste) | Not smaller than the drain on the unit, but not less than 1 inch (25 mm) | 15 feet (4572 mm) developed max | § 801.3, § 801.3.1 |
| Ice‑making machines | Yes | Air gap or air break (indirect waste) | Not smaller than the drain on the unit and not less than 3/4 inch (20 mm) | 15 feet (4572 mm) developed max | § 801.3.1 |
| Steam tables, egg boilers, coffee urns/brewers, hot‑and‑cold dispensers, similar equipment | Yes | Air gap or air break (indirect waste) | Not smaller than the drain on the unit; not less than 1 inch (where applicable per § 801.3.1) | 15 feet developed max | § 801.3, § 801.3.1 |
| Food‑preparation sinks, steam kettles, potato peelers, ice‑cream dipper wells (food‑handling fixtures) | Yes | Air gap (full air gap required) | Not smaller than the drain on the unit and in no case less than 1/2 inch (15 mm) | Not to exceed 15 feet for indirect waste piping (general length rule applies) | § 801.3.3, § 801.3.1, § 803.3 |
| Bins/sinks for unpackaged ice (for human ingestion or contact with ready‑to‑eat food) | Yes | Air gap | Piping not less than the drain on the unit and no less than 1/2 inch (15 mm) | See above | § 801.3.3 |
Notes:
- The CPC ties the indirect‑waste pipe size to the unit’s drain (i.e., "not smaller than the drain on the unit"), but enforces the minimums shown above — § 801.3.1 and § 801.3.3.
- The CPC requires discharge into the building drainage system via an air gap or air break; where contamination potential is greater (food‑preparation fixtures, unpackaged ice), an air gap is explicitly required — § 801.2 and § 801.3.3.
Separate piping and receptors
- Each indirect waste pipe from food‑handling fixtures or equipment must be separately piped to the indirect waste receptor and must not combine with other indirect waste pipes. § 801.3.3.
- Indirect waste piping must discharge into an approved receptor (standpipe or other open receptor) through an air gap or air break as required by the code. § 801.2 and related receptor requirements in Chapter 8.
Exceptions & special cases
- The CPC distinguishes air gap (full physical separation) from air break (open discharge at a distance) — use the stricter option required by the specific equipment. Food‑preparation fixtures and unpackaged‑ice containers require an air gap under § 801.3.3; other food‑service appliances may use an air break where acceptable per § 801.2.
- Ice‑making machines have a special minimum size: 3/4 inch (20 mm) — smaller than the general 1‑inch minimum that applies to most other refrigerated equipment — § 801.3.1.
- Where manufacturer drain sizes exceed code minimums, the indirect waste piping must be sized not smaller than the drain on the unit even if that exceeds the minimums listed in the code — § 801.3.1 and § 801.3.3.
If you need walk‑in‑cooler‑specific receptor/cleanout arrangements or floor‑drain separation (for example, outside receptor conditions or vacuum conditions), see related provisions in Chapter 8 (e.g., walk‑in cooler treatment in § 801.3.2) — listed below under “Related provisions.”
Common mistakes
- Assuming any drain from kitchen equipment can be directly tied into the sanitary line. The CPC requires indirect discharge for the listed equipment — § 801.3.
- Using an air break where the code explicitly requires a full air gap (common with food‑prep sinks and unpackaged ice bins) — § 801.3.3.
- Undersizing indirect waste piping (e.g., using less than 1 inch for general refrigerated equipment or less than 3/4 inch for ice machines) or exceeding the 15‑foot developed length limit without approval — § 801.3.1.
- Combining indirect waste pipes from food‑handling fixtures into a single run (the code requires separate piping to the receptor) — § 801.3.3.
Worked example — applying the rule with numbers
Scenario: A small café installs the following equipment:
- One ice‑making machine with a 3/4‑inch outlet.
- One commercial coffee brewer with a 1‑inch drain.
- One food‑preparation sink with a 1‑1/2‑inch tailpiece.
- A walk‑in cooler with a floor drain.
How to comply:
- Ice‑making machine — the CPC requires indirect waste and sets the minimum for ice machines at 3/4 inch (20 mm); since the machine outlet is 3/4", you may use a 3/4‑inch indirect waste pipe (but not smaller). Keep developed length ≤ 15 ft. § 801.3.1.
- Coffee brewer — the indirect waste pipe must be not smaller than the unit drain and not less than 1 inch (25 mm) per § 801.3.1. Use a 1‑inch indirect waste. Developed length ≤ 15 ft. § 801.3.1.
- Food‑preparation sink — must be discharged by an air gap. The piping from the sink to the receptor must be not smaller than the drain, and in no case less than 1/2 inch (15 mm); because the sink tailpiece is 1‑1/2", use at least 1‑1/2‑inch piping and an approved air gap. Each indirect waste from food‑handling fixtures must be separately piped to the receptor (do not combine with ice machine or coffee brewer lines). § 801.3.3.
- Walk‑in cooler floor drain — included in the list of refrigerated/food storage equipment requiring indirect waste — route to an indirect receptor per § 801.3 (see also § 801.3.2 for walk‑in cooler specifics if you need separate external receptors/cleanouts).
Related provisions
- § 801.2 — Air gap or air break required (defines the required separation and minimum vertical distances).
- § 801.3.1 — Size of indirect waste pipes (minimum sizes and 15‑ft developed length).
- § 801.3.2 — Walk‑in coolers (cleanout, trap, venting, and receptor details).
- § 803.3 — General pipe size and length rules for indirect waste piping (trapping/venting of indirect runs).
- § 804.1 — Indirect waste receptors (standpipe and receptor requirements).
- Table 702.1 — Drainage fixture unit values and receptor sizing guidance for indirect receptors.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Plumbing Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CPC § 1.11.0. High relevance — show source text
This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 179
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
180 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
CHAPTER 8
INDIRECT WASTES
801.0 General.
801.1 Applicability. This chapter shall govern the materials, design, and installation of indirect waste piping, receptors, and connections; and provisions for discharge and disposal of condensate wastes, chemical wastes, industrial wastes, and clear water wastes.
801.2 Air Gap or Air Break Required. Indirect waste piping shall discharge into the building drainage system through an air gap or air break as set forth in this code. Where a drainage air gap is required by this code, the minimum vertical distance as measured from the lowest point of the indirect waste pipe or the fixture outlet to the flood-level rim of the receptor shall be not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm). 801.3 Food and Beverage Handling Establishments. Establishments engaged in the storage, preparation, selling, serving, processing, or other handling of food and beverage involving the following equipment that requires drainage shall provide indirect waste piping for refrigerators, refrigeration coils, freezers, walk-in coolers, iceboxes, ice-making machines, steam tables, egg boilers, coffee urns and brewers, hot-and-cold drink dispensers, and similar equipment. 801.3.1 Size of Indirect Waste Pipes. Except for refrigeration coils and ice-making machines, the size of the indirect waste pipe shall be not smaller than the drain on the unit, but shall be not smaller than 1 inch (25 mm), and the maximum developed length shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm). Indirect waste pipe for ice-making machines shall be not less than the drain on the unit and in no case less than [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch (20 mm). 801.3.2 Walk-In Coolers. For walk-in coolers, floor drains shall be permitted to be connected to a separate drainage line discharging into an outside receptor. The flood-level rim of the receptor shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) lower than the lowest floor drain. Such floor drains shall be trapped and individually vented. Cleanouts shall be provided at 90 degree (1.57 rad) turns and shall be accessibly located. Such waste shall discharge through an air gap or air break into a trapped and vented receptor, except that a full-size air gap is required where the indirect waste pipe is under vacuum. 801.3.3 Food-Handling Fixtures. Food-preparation sinks, steam kettles, potato peelers, ice cream dipper wells, and similar equipment shall be indirectly connected to the drainage system by means of an air gap.
CPC § 801.3.1 High relevance — show source text
801.3.1 Size of Indirect Waste Pipes. Except for refrigeration coils and ice-making machines, the size of the indirect waste pipe shall be not smaller than the drain on the unit, but shall be not smaller than 1 inch (25 mm), and the maximum developed length shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm). Indirect waste pipe for ice-making machines shall be not less than the drain on the unit and in no case less than [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch (20 mm). 801.3.2 Walk-In Coolers. For walk-in coolers, floor drains shall be permitted to be connected to a separate drainage line discharging into an outside receptor. The flood-level rim of the receptor shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) lower than the lowest floor drain. Such floor drains shall be trapped and individually vented. Cleanouts shall be provided at 90 degree (1.57 rad) turns and shall be accessibly located. Such waste shall discharge through an air gap or air break into a trapped and vented receptor, except that a full-size air gap is required where the indirect waste pipe is under vacuum. 801.3.3 Food-Handling Fixtures. Food-preparation sinks, steam kettles, potato peelers, ice cream dipper wells, and similar equipment shall be indirectly connected to the drainage system by means of an air gap. Bins, sinks, and other equipment having drainage connections and used for the storage of unpackaged ice used for human ingestion, or used in direct contact with ready-to-eat food, shall be indirectly connected to the drainage system by means of an air gap. Each indirect waste pipe from foodhandling fixtures or equipment shall be separately piped to the indirect waste receptor and shall not combine with other indirect waste pipes. The piping from the equipment to the receptor shall be not less than the drain on the unit and in no case less than [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm).
801.4 Bar and Fountain Sink Traps. Where the sink in a bar, soda fountain, or counter is so located that the trap serving the sink cannot be vented, the sink drain shall discharge through an air gap or air break (see Section 801.3.3) into an approved receptor that is vented. The developed length from the fixture outlet to the receptor shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm). 801.5 Connections from Water Distribution System. Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief pipes from potable water pressure tanks, water heaters, boilers, and similar equipment that is connected to the potable water distribution system. Such indirect waste connections shall be made using a water-distribution air gap constructed in accordance with Table 603.3.1.
801.6 Sterilizers. Lines, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring waste connections and used for sterile materials shall be indirectly connected using an air gap. Each such indirect waste pipe shall be separately piped to the receptor and shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm). Such receptors shall be located in the same room. 801.7 Drip or Drainage Outlets. Appliances, devices, or apparatus not regularly classified as plumbing fixtures, but which have a drip or drainage outlets, shall be permitted to be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into an open receptor through either an air gap or air break (see Section 801.3.1).
CPC § 801.4 High relevance — show source text
The piping from the equipment to the receptor shall be not less than the drain on the unit and in no case less than [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm).
801.4 Bar and Fountain Sink Traps. Where the sink in a bar, soda fountain, or counter is so located that the trap serving the sink cannot be vented, the sink drain shall discharge through an air gap or air break (see Section 801.3.3) into an approved receptor that is vented. The developed length from the fixture outlet to the receptor shall not exceed 5 feet (1524 mm). 801.5 Connections from Water Distribution System. Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief pipes from potable water pressure tanks, water heaters, boilers, and similar equipment that is connected to the potable water distribution system. Such indirect waste connections shall be made using a water-distribution air gap constructed in accordance with Table 603.3.1.
801.6 Sterilizers. Lines, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring waste connections and used for sterile materials shall be indirectly connected using an air gap. Each such indirect waste pipe shall be separately piped to the receptor and shall not exceed 15 feet (4572 mm). Such receptors shall be located in the same room. 801.7 Drip or Drainage Outlets. Appliances, devices, or apparatus not regularly classified as plumbing fixtures, but which have a drip or drainage outlets, shall be permitted to be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging into an open receptor through either an air gap or air break (see Section 801.3.1).
802.0 Approvals. 802.1 General. No plumbing fixtures served by indirect waste pipes or receiving discharge therefrom shall be installed until first approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
803.0 Indirect Waste Piping.
803.1 Materials. Pipe, tube, and fittings conveying indirect waste shall be of such materials and design as to perform their intended function to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
803.2 Copper and Copper Alloys. Joints and connections in copper and copper alloy pipe and tube shall be installed in accordance with Section 705.3.
803.3 Pipe Size and Length. Except as hereinafter provided, the size of indirect waste piping shall be in accordance with other sections of this code applicable to drainage and vent piping. No vent from indirect waste piping shall combine with a sewer-connected vent. Vents from indirect waste piping shall extend separately to the outside air. Indirect waste pipes exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm), but less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in length shall be directly trapped, but such traps need not be vented.
Indirect waste pipes less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in length shall be not less than the diameter of the drain outlet or
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 181
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
INDIRECT WASTES
tailpiece of the fixture, appliance, or equipment served, and in no case less than [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm). Angles and changes of direction in such indirect waste pipes shall be provided with cleanouts to permit flushing and cleaning.
804.0 Indirect Waste Receptors.
**804.1 Standpipe Receptors.
CPC § 418.4 High relevance — show source text
(3) Laundry rooms in commercial buildings and common laundry facilities in multi-family dwelling buildings. (4) Boiler rooms. 418.4 Food Storage Areas. Where drains are provided in storerooms, walk-in freezers, walk-in coolers, refrigerated equipment, or other locations where food is stored, such drains shall have indirect waste piping. Separate waste pipes shall be run from each food storage area, each with an indirect connection to the building sanitary drainage system. Traps shall be provided in accordance with Section 801.3.2 of this code and shall be vented.
Indirect drains shall be permitted to be located in freezers or other spaces where freezing temperatures are maintained, provided that traps, where supplied, shall be located where the seal will not freeze. Otherwise, the floor of the freezer shall be sloped to a floor drain located outside of the storage compartment. 418.5 Floor Slope. Floors shall be sloped to floor drains.
419.0 Food Waste Disposers. 419.1 Application. Food waste disposal units shall comply with UL 430. Residential food waste disposers shall also comply with ASSE 1008. 419.2 Drainage Connection. Approved wye or other directional-type branch fittings shall be installed in continuous wastes connecting or receiving the discharge from a food waste disposer. No dishwasher drain shall be connected to a sink tailpiece, continuous waste, or trap on the discharge side of a food waste disposer. 419.3 Water Supply. A cold water supply shall be provided for food waste disposers. Such connection to the water supply shall be protected by an air gap or backflow prevention device in accordance with Section 603.2.
420.0 Sinks.
420.1 Application. Sinks shall comply with ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4, CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124, CSA B45.8/IAPMO Z403, or CSA B45.12/IAPMO Z402. Moveable sink systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12. Sink assemblies with automatic soap dispensers, faucets, or hand dryers shall comply with IAPMO IGC 127. 420.2 Water Consumption. Sink faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 2.2 gpm at 60 psi (8.3 L/m at 414 kPa).
Exceptions: (1) Clinical sinks (2) Laundry sinks (3) Service sinks
420.2.1 Kitchen Faucets. [BSC-CG & DSA-SS] Kitchen faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons (6.81 L) per minute at 60 psi (414 kPa). Kitchen faucets may temporarily increase the flow above the maximum rate, but not to exceed 2.2 gallons (8.3 L) per minute at 60 psi (414 kPa), and must default to a maximum flow rate of 1.8 gallons (6.81 L) per minute at 60 psi (414 kPa) in compliance with Chapter 5, Division 5.3 of the California Green Building Stan- dards Code (CALGreen). _**420.2.2 Kitchen Faucets.
CPC § 810.3 High relevance — show source text
810.3 Cleaning. Sumps and condensers shall be provided with suitable means of access for cleaning and shall contain a volume of not less than twice the volume of water removed
from the boiler or boilers connected to it where the normal
water level of such boiler or boilers is reduced not less than 4 inches (102 mm).
810.4 Strainers. An indirect waste interceptor is receiving discharge-containing particles that would clog the receptor drain shall have a readily removable beehive strainer.
811.0 Chemical Wastes.
811.1 Pretreatment. Chemical or liquid industrial wastes that are likely to damage or increase maintenance costs on the sanitary sewer system, detrimentally affect sewage treatment or contaminate surface or subsurface waters shall be pretreated to render them innocuous before discharge into a drainage system. Detailed construction documents of the pretreatment facilities shall be required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
Piping conveying industrial, chemical, or process wastes from their point of origin to sewer-connected pretreatment facilities shall be of such material and design as to adequately perform its intended function to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Drainage discharge piping from pre
treatment facilities or interceptors shall be in accordance with standard drainage installation procedures.
Copper or copper alloy tube shall not be used for chemical or industrial wastes as defined in this section.
811.2 Waste and Vent Pipes. Each waste pipe receiving or intended to receive the discharge of a fixture into which acid or corrosive chemical is placed, and each vent pipe connected thereto, shall be constructed of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chemical-resistant glass, high-silicon iron pipe, or lead pipe with a wall thickness of not less than [1] ⁄ 8 of an inch (3.2 mm); an approved type of ceramic glazed or unglazed vitrified clay; or other approved corrosion-resistant materials. CPVC pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F2618. PP pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F1412 or CSA B181.3. PVDF pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F1673 or CSA B181.3. Chemical-resistant glass pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM C1053. High-silicon iron pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM A861.
811.3 Joining Materials. Joining materials shall be of approved type and quality.
811.4 Access. Where practicable, the piping shall be readily accessible and installed with the maximum of clearance from other services.
811.5 Permanent Record. The owner shall make and keep a permanent record of the location of piping and venting carrying chemical waste.
811.6 Chemical Vent. No chemical vent shall intersect
vents for other services.
811.7 Discharge. Chemical wastes shall be discharged in a manner approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
811.8 Diluted Chemicals. The provisions of this section about materials and methods of construction shall not apply to installations such as photographic or x-ray darkrooms or research or control laboratories where minor amounts of ade quately diluted chemicals are discharged.
812.0 Clear Water Wastes.
812.1 General. Water lifts, expansion tanks, cooling jackets, sprinkler systems, drip or overflow pans, or similar devices that discharge clear wastewater into the building drainage system shall discharge through an indirect waste.
813.0 Swimming Pools.
CPC § 803.0 High relevance — show source text
803.0 Indirect Waste Piping.
803.1 Materials. Pipe, tube, and fittings conveying indirect waste shall be of such materials and design as to perform their intended function to the satisfaction of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
803.2 Copper and Copper Alloys. Joints and connections in copper and copper alloy pipe and tube shall be installed in accordance with Section 705.3.
803.3 Pipe Size and Length. Except as hereinafter provided, the size of indirect waste piping shall be in accordance with other sections of this code applicable to drainage and vent piping. No vent from indirect waste piping shall combine with a sewer-connected vent. Vents from indirect waste piping shall extend separately to the outside air. Indirect waste pipes exceeding 5 feet (1524 mm), but less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in length shall be directly trapped, but such traps need not be vented.
Indirect waste pipes less than 15 feet (4572 mm) in length shall be not less than the diameter of the drain outlet or
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 181
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
INDIRECT WASTES
tailpiece of the fixture, appliance, or equipment served, and in no case less than [1] ⁄ 2 of an inch (15 mm). Angles and changes of direction in such indirect waste pipes shall be provided with cleanouts to permit flushing and cleaning.
804.0 Indirect Waste Receptors.
804.1 Standpipe Receptors. Plumbing fixtures or other receptors receiving the discharge of indirect waste pipes shall be approved for the use proposed and shall be of such shape and capacity as to prevent splashing or flooding and shall be located where they are readily accessible for inspection and cleaning. No standpipe receptor for a clothes washer shall extend more than 30 inches (762 mm), or not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above its trap weir. No trap for a clothes washer standpipe receptor shall be installed below the floor, but shall be roughed in not less than 6 inches (152 mm) and not more than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor. No indirect waste receptor shall be installed in a toilet room, closet, cupboard, or storeroom, or in a portion of a building not in general use by the occupants thereof; except standpipes for clothes washers shall be permitted to be installed in toilet and bathroom areas where the clothes washer is installed in the
same room.
805.0 Pressure Drainage Connections. 805.1 General. Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water supply system, and no piping or equipment carrying wastes or producing wastes or other discharges under pressure shall be directly connected to a part of the drainage system.
The preceding shall not apply to an approved sump pump or to an approved pressure-wasting plumbing fixture or device where the Authority Having Jurisdiction has been satisfied that the drainage system is adequately sized to accommodate the anticipated discharge thereof.
806.0 Sterile Equipment.
806.1 General. Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring water and waste and used for sterile materials shall be drained through an air gap.
807.0 Appliances.
CPC § 811.3 High relevance — show source text
CPVC pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F2618. PP pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F1412 or CSA B181.3. PVDF pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM F1673 or CSA B181.3. Chemical-resistant glass pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM C1053. High-silicon iron pipe and fittings shall comply with ASTM A861.
811.3 Joining Materials. Joining materials shall be of approved type and quality.
811.4 Access. Where practicable, the piping shall be readily accessible and installed with the maximum of clearance from other services.
811.5 Permanent Record. The owner shall make and keep a permanent record of the location of piping and venting carrying chemical waste.
811.6 Chemical Vent. No chemical vent shall intersect
vents for other services.
811.7 Discharge. Chemical wastes shall be discharged in a manner approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
811.8 Diluted Chemicals. The provisions of this section about materials and methods of construction shall not apply to installations such as photographic or x-ray darkrooms or research or control laboratories where minor amounts of ade quately diluted chemicals are discharged.
812.0 Clear Water Wastes.
812.1 General. Water lifts, expansion tanks, cooling jackets, sprinkler systems, drip or overflow pans, or similar devices that discharge clear wastewater into the building drainage system shall discharge through an indirect waste.
813.0 Swimming Pools.
813.1 General. Pipes carrying wastewater from swimming or wading pools, including pool drainage and backwash from filters, shall be installed as an indirect waste. Where a pump is used to discharge pool waste water to the drainage system, the pump discharge shall be installed as an indirect waste.
814.0 Condensate Waste and Control.
814.1 Condensate Disposal. Condensate from air washers, air-cooling coils, condensing appliances, and the over
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 183
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
INDIRECT WASTES
flow from evaporative coolers and similar water-supplied equipment or similar air-conditioning equipment shall be collected and discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area. Where discharged into the drainage system, equipment shall drain using an indirect waste pipe. The waste pipe shall have a slope of not less than [1] ⁄ 8 inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) or 1 percent slope and shall be of an approved corrosion-resistant material not smaller than the outlet size in
accordance with Section 814.3 or Section 814.4 for air-cooling coils or condensing appliances, respectively. Condensate or wastewater shall not drain over a public way.
814.1.1 Condensate Pumps. Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, condensate pumps shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal lation instructions. Pump discharge shall rise vertically to a point where it is possible to connect to a gravity condensate drain and discharged to an approved disposal point. Each condensing unit shall be provided with a separate sump and interlocked with the equipment to prevent the equipment from operating during a failure. Separate pumps shall be permitted to connect to a single gravity indirect waste where equipped with check valves and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
CPC § 722.3 High relevance — show source text
722.3 Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
722.4 Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
722.5 Disposal Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
723.0 Building Sewer Test . . . . . . . . . . .178
723.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
724.0 Meat and Poultry Processing Plant Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
725.0 Collection Center and
Facilities Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . .178
726.0 Drainage and Plumbing, General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
727.0 Emergency Sanitary Drainage . . .178
CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT WASTES . . . . . . . . . .179
801.0 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
801.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
801.2 Air Gap or Air Break Required . . .181
801.3 Food and Beverage Handling Establishments . . . . . . .181
801.4 Bar and Fountain Sink Traps . . . .181
801.5 Connections from Water Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . .181
801.6 Sterilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
801.7 Drip or Drainage Outlets . . . . . . . .181
802.0 Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
802.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
803.0 Indirect Waste Piping . . . . . . . . . .181
803.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
803.2 Copper and Copper Alloys . . . . . .181
803.3 Pipe Size and Length . . . . . . . . . .181
804.0 Indirect Waste Receptors . . . . . . .182
804.1 Standpipe Receptors . . . . . . . . . .182
805.0 Pressure Drainage Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
805.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
806.0 Sterile Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
806.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
807.0 Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
807.1 Non-Classed Apparatus . . . . . . . .182
807.2 Undiluted Condensate Waste . . . .182
807.3 Domestic Dishwashing Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
CPC § 316.0 High relevance — show source text
INCREASERS AND REDUCERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316.0
INDIRECT-FIRED WATER HEATERS . . . . . . . .211.0, 505.4,
603.5.4, 608.7 INDIRECT WASTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 8 Air gap or break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.2 Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.0 Approval required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .802.0 Aspirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.5.9, 1303.5
Chemical wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .811.0
Cleanouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.3.2, 803.3
Clear water wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .812.0
Condensate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .814.1, 814.1.1, 814.5 Food handling fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.3.3 High temperature discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810.1 Interceptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.4, 804.0 Sterile equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .801.6, 806.0, 1303.4.1 Swimming pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .813.0 Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.3.2, 803.3, 814.5
Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.3
Where required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801.2
INDIVIDUAL VENTS . . . . . . . . . . .211.0, Table 703.2, 904.1,
908.2.1
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 569
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
INDEX
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
CPC § 2025 High relevance — show source text
Chapter 7 Sanitary Drainage.
This chapter regulates the design and installation of sanitary drainage systems to ensure they will work as intended. Drainage piping should not be oversized nor undersized, and constructed of approved materials to guard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging, and with cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned. The purpose of the sanitary drainage system is to remove effluent discharged from plumbing fixtures and other equipment to an approved point of disposal, such as a public sanitary system or private sewage disposal system.
The basics of a sanitary drainage system include public and private sewage disposal; selection of materials; installation of the building drain and sewer; joining methods for pipe and fittings; drainage fixture units for sizing the drainage system; sumps and ejectors; vent sizing and length of vents; and testing.
Chapter 8 Indirect Wastes.
Chapter 8 regulates indirect waste connections that are required for plumbing fixtures and plumbing appliances dealing with food preparation, dishwashing, potable liquids, and similar equipment. An indirect connection prevents sewage from backing up into a fixture or appliance, thus providing protection against potential health hazards. The waste pipe discharges through an air gap or air break into a waste receptor or standpipe. The protection in the form of an air gap is necessary when the contamination is a potential health hazard or cross connection with the potable water system. Where there is no possibility of contaminating the potable water (nonpotable discharge), the indirect waste pipe may connect in the form of an air break. This method is often preferred to prevent splashing. In addition, health care facilities and special wastes must be protected from contamination that may result from the connection to the drainage system. The waste must be treated to prevent any damage to the piping or sewage treatment process. Waste receptors are sized and designed to prevent splashing and allow for peak discharge conditions.
Chapter 9 Vents.
Chapter 9 regulates the material, design, and installation of vents. A vent system is a pipe or pipes installed in a drainage system that provide a flow of air to and from the system to ventilate it, provide a circulation of air to eliminate trap siphonage, and reduce back-pressure and vacuum surge. In addition, vents provide the rapid and silent flow of waste without exposing occupants of the building to any sewer gases. Proper installation of vents is crucial, as a telltale sign that there is a problem in the drain and vent system is related to the elevation of the horizontal portion of the venting. Venting is not limited to sanitary drainage systems. Venting methods are applicable to other drainage systems such as those for chemical waste, graywater waste, and clear water waste. Sizing the venting system is directly tied to the design of the drainage system. For example, the velocities in the drainage system and its peak flow rates affect the diameters in the venting system. Where the vertical distance between a fixture outlet and trap is excessive, velocities in the entire drainage system will be greater than those in the vent sizing table. All venting methods in this chapter are categorized as either dry vents or wet vents. Vent stacks, stack vents, branch vents, island vents, relief vents, and individual vents are dry vents. Wet vents (horizontal or vertical), circuit vents, combination drain and vents are versions of “wet venting” in which the vent is wetted by drainage flow.
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE xv
CPC § 310.1.1 High relevance — show source text
310.1.1 Condensate Pumps. Where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, condensate pumps shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Pump discharge shall rise vertically to a point where it is possible to connect to a gravity condensate drain and discharged to an approved disposal point. Each condensing unit shall be provided with a separate sump and interlocked with the equipment to prevent the equipment from operating during a failure. Separate pumps shall be permitted to connect to a single gravity indirect waste where equipped with check valves and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
310.2 Condensate Control. Where any equipment or appliance is installed in a space where damage is capable of resulting from condensate overflow, a drain line shall be provided and shall be drained in accordance with Section 310.1. An additional protection method for condensate overflow shall be provided in accordance with one of the following:
(1) A water level detecting device that will shut off the equipment or appliance in the event the primary drain is
EQUIPMENT CAPACITY IN
TONS OF REFRIGERATIONMINIMUM CONDENSATE
PIPE DIAMETER
(inches)
Up to 203⁄4
21 – 401
41 – 9011⁄4
91 – 12511⁄2
126 – 2502 For SI units: 1 ton of refrigeration = 3.52 kW, 1 inch = 25 mm
The size of condensate waste pipes is for one unit or a combination of units, or as recommended by the manufacturer. The capacity of waste pipes assumes a [1] ⁄ 8 inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) or 1 percent slope, with the pipe running threequarters full at the following pipe conditions:
Outside Air – 20% Col2 Room Air – 80% Col4 DB WB DB WB 90°F 73°F 75°F 62.5°F For SI units: °C = (°F-32)/1.8
blocked. Such detecting device shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
(2) An additional watertight pan of corrosion-resistant material, with a separate drain line, installed beneath the cooling coil, unit, or the appliance to catch the overflow condensate due to a clogged primary condensate drain.
(3) An additional separate drain line at a level that is higher than the primary drain line connection of the drain pan.
(4) An additional watertight pan of corrosion-resistant material with a water level detection device installed beneath
the cooling coil, unit, or the appliance to catch the overflow condensate due to a clogged primary condensate drain and to shut off the equipment.
The additional pan or the additional drain line connection shall be provided with a drain pipe of not less than [3] ⁄ 4 of an inch (20 mm) nominal pipe size, discharging at a point that is readily observed.
310.2.1 Protection of Appurtenances. Where insulation or appurtenances are installed where damage is capable of resulting from a condensate drain pan overfill, such installations shall occur above the rim of the drain
CPC § 805.0 High relevance — show source text
No standpipe receptor for a clothes washer shall extend more than 30 inches (762 mm), or not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above its trap weir. No trap for a clothes washer standpipe receptor shall be installed below the floor, but shall be roughed in not less than 6 inches (152 mm) and not more than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor. No indirect waste receptor shall be installed in a toilet room, closet, cupboard, or storeroom, or in a portion of a building not in general use by the occupants thereof; except standpipes for clothes washers shall be permitted to be installed in toilet and bathroom areas where the clothes washer is installed in the
same room.
805.0 Pressure Drainage Connections. 805.1 General. Indirect waste connections shall be provided for drains, overflows, or relief vents from the water supply system, and no piping or equipment carrying wastes or producing wastes or other discharges under pressure shall be directly connected to a part of the drainage system.
The preceding shall not apply to an approved sump pump or to an approved pressure-wasting plumbing fixture or device where the Authority Having Jurisdiction has been satisfied that the drainage system is adequately sized to accommodate the anticipated discharge thereof.
806.0 Sterile Equipment.
806.1 General. Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers, and similar equipment requiring water and waste and used for sterile materials shall be drained through an air gap.
807.0 Appliances.
807.1 Non-Classed Apparatus. Commercial dishwashing machines, silverware washing machines, and other appliances, devices, equipment, or other apparatus not regularly classed as plumbing fixtures, which are equipped with pumps, drips, or drainage outlets, shall be permitted to be drained by indirect waste pipes discharging through an air break into an approved type of open receptor.
807.2 Undiluted Condensate Waste. Where undiluted condensate waste from a fuel-burning condensing appliance is discharged into the drainage system, the material in the drainage system shall be cast-iron, galvanized iron, plastic, or other materials approved for this use.
Exceptions:
(1) Where the above condensate is discharged to an exposed fixture tailpiece and trap, such tailpiece and trap shall be permitted to be a copper alloy.
(2) Materials approved in Section 701.0 shall be permitted to be used where data is provided that the condensate waste is adequately diluted.
807.3 Domestic Dishwashing Machine. No domestic dishwashing machine shall be directly connected to a drainage system or food waste disposer without the use of an approved dishwasher air gap fitting on the discharge side of the dishwashing machine. Listed dishwasher air gap fittings shall be installed with the flood-level (FL) marking at or above the flood level of the sink or drainboard, whichever is higher.
808.0 Cooling Water.
808.1 General. Where permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, clean running water used exclusively as a cooling medium in an appliance, device, or apparatus shall be permitted to discharge into the drainage system through the inlet side of a fixture trap in the event that a suitable fixture is not available to receive such discharge. Such trap connection shall be by means of a pipe connected to the inlet side of an approved fixture trap, the upper end terminating in a funnelshaped receptacle set adjacent, and not less than 6 inches (152 mm) above the overflow rim of the fixture.
Frequently asked questions
Which is stricter — an air gap or an air break?
An air gap is stricter: it provides full physical separation and is explicitly required for food‑preparation fixtures and unpackaged‑ice bins under § 801.3.3. Air breaks are permitted for other indirect wastes where allowed by § 801.2.
Can I combine indirect waste lines from multiple pieces of equipment?
No. Each indirect waste pipe from food‑handling fixtures or equipment must be separately piped to the indirect waste receptor and must not combine with other indirect waste pipes — § 801.3.3.
What minimum pipe size should I use for an ice machine?
Indirect waste piping for ice‑making machines shall be not less than the drain on the unit and in no case less than 3/4 inch (20 mm) — § 801.3.1.
Is there a length limit for indirect waste piping?
Yes — the CPC limits the maximum developed length for indirect waste piping (except where other sections modify it) to 15 feet (4572 mm) for many indirect waste runs; check § 801.3.1 and § 803.3 for details.
Do food‑storage room floor drains require indirect waste?
Yes. Floor drains in storerooms, walk‑in freezers/coolers, refrigerated equipment or other food storage areas must have indirect waste piping; separate waste pipes should be run from each food storage area — see § 418.4 and § 801.3.
More in California Plumbing Code
- Administration
- Definitions
- General Regulations
- Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings
- Water Heaters
- Water Supply and Distribution
- Sanitary Drainage (Drain, Waste, and Vent)
- Indirect Wastes
- Vents
- Traps and Interceptors
- Storm Drainage
- Fuel Gas Piping
- Health Care Facilities — Medical Gas and Medical Vacuum Systems
- Alternate Water Sources and Nonpotable Rainwater Catchment Systems
Ask about the CPC
Get cited, plain-English answers on the California Plumbing Code for your project — any code section, any scenario.
Start Free Trial