How are piping, materials and surrounding structures required to be protected?

Grounded in the retrieved California Plumbing Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CPC § 312.0 High relevance — show source text

  Note: Accessory dwelling units are not required to have inde- pendent service utility (drainage) connections provided they meet the specific requirements in Government Code Section 65852.2.

  312.0 Protection of Piping, Tubing, Materials, and Structures.

  312.1 General. Piping passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage. Piping passing through or under cinders or other corrosive materials shall be protected from external corrosion in an approved manner. Approved provisions shall be made for expansion of hot water piping. Voids around piping passing through concrete floors on the ground shall be sealed.

  312.2 Installation. Piping in connection with a plumbing system shall be so installed that piping or connections will not be subject to undue strains or stresses, and provisions shall be made for expansion, contraction, and structural settlement. No plumbing piping shall be directly embedded in concrete or masonry. No structural member shall be seriously weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise, as defined in the California Building Code or California Residential Code . 312.3 Building Sewer and Drainage Piping. No building sewer or other drainage piping or part thereof, constructed of materials other than those approved for use under or within a building, shall be installed under or within 2 feet (610 mm) of a building or structure, or less than 1 foot (305 mm) below the surface of the ground. 312.4 Corrosion, Erosion, and Mechanical Damage. Piping subject to corrosion, erosion, or mechanical damage shall be protected in an approved manner. 312.5 Protectively Coated Pipe. Protectively coated pipe or tubing shall be inspected and tested, and a visible void, damage, or imperfection to the pipe coating shall be repaired in an approved manner. 312.6 Freezing Protection. No water, soil, or waste pipe shall be installed or permitted outside of a building, in attics or crawl spaces, or in an exterior wall unless, where necessary, adequate provision is made to protect such pipe from freezing. 312.7 Fire-Resistant Construction. Piping penetrations of fire-resistance-rated walls, partitions, floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of the Cal- ifornia Building Code or California Residential Code . 312.8 Waterproofing of Openings. Joints at the roof around pipes, ducts, or other appurtenances shall be made watertight by the use of lead, copper, galvanized iron, or other approved flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be made watertight. Counterflashing shall not restrict the required internal cross-sectional area of the vent. 312.9 Steel Nail Plates. Plastic piping or tubing, and copper or copper alloy piping or tubing penetrating framing members to within 1 inch (25.4 mm) of the exposed framing shall be protected by steel nail plates not less than No. 18 gauge (0.0478 inches) (1.2 mm) in thickness. The steel nail plate shall extend along the framing member not less than 1 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) beyond the outside diameter of the pipe or tubing. Fuel gas piping shall be protected in accordance with Section 1210.4.3.

• CPC § 310.13 High relevance — show source text

  ante rooms.

  310.13 [SFM] For applications listed in Section 1.11.0 regu- lated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal, plastic piping shall not be exposed as a portion of the interior room finish in a build- ing or structure if the piping has a flame-spread rating exceed- ing 75 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84, “Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.” 310.14 Services/Systems and Utilities. [OSHPD 1, 2, 4 & 5] Refer to Sections 1224.4.1, 1225.2.1 and 1228.4.1.1, Cal- ifornia Building Code. 310.15 Telephone and Data Equipment Rooms.

  [OSHPD 1, 4 & 5] Where telecommunications service entrance rooms, technology equipment centers, or technology distribution rooms are provided in accordance with Section 1224.5 of the California Building Code, plumbing equipment and fixtures that are not directly related to the support of the room shall not be installed in or pass through the room.

  311.0 Independent Systems. 311.1 General. The drainage system of each new building and new work installed in an existing building shall be separate and independent from that of any other building, and, where available, every building shall have an independent connection with a public or private sewer.

  Exception: Where one building stands in the rear of another building on an interior lot, and no public or private sewer is available or can be constructed to the rear building through an adjoining court, yard, or driveway, the building drain from the front building shall be permitted to be extended to the rear building.

  Note: Accessory dwelling units are not required to have inde- pendent service utility (drainage) connections provided they meet the specific requirements in Government Code Section 65852.2.

  312.0 Protection of Piping, Tubing, Materials, and Structures.

  312.1 General. Piping passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage. Piping passing through or under cinders or other corrosive materials shall be protected from external corrosion in an approved manner. Approved provisions shall be made for expansion of hot water piping. Voids around piping passing through concrete floors on the ground shall be sealed.

  312.2 Installation. Piping in connection with a plumbing system shall be so installed that piping or connections will not be subject to undue strains or stresses, and provisions shall be made for expansion, contraction, and structural settlement. No plumbing piping shall be directly embedded in concrete or masonry. No structural member shall be seriously weakened or impaired by cutting, notching, or otherwise, as defined in the California Building Code or California Residential Code . 312.3 Building Sewer and Drainage Piping. No building sewer or other drainage piping or part thereof, constructed of materials other than those approved for use under or within a building, shall be installed under or within 2 feet (610 mm) of a building or structure, or less than 1 foot (305 mm) below the surface of the ground. 312.4 Corrosion, Erosion, and Mechanical Damage. Piping subject to corrosion, erosion, or mechanical damage shall be protected in an approved manner. **312.5 Protectively Coated Pipe.

• CPC § 1.11.0. High relevance — show source text

  only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section||||||||||||||||||||||||| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section|||||||||||||||||||||||||

  This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 303

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  304 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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  CHAPTER 14

  FIRESTOP PROTECTION

  1401.0 General.

  1401.1 Applicability. Piping penetrations of required fireresistance-rated walls, partitions, floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of the building code, and this chapter.

  1402.0 Construction Documents.

  1402.1 Penetrations. Construction documents shall indicate with sufficient detail how penetrations of fire-resistancerated assemblies shall be firestopped prior to obtaining design approval.

  1403.0 Installation.

  1403.1 Materials. Firestop systems shall be installed in accordance with this chapter, the building code, and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  1404.0 Combustible Piping Installations. 1404.1 General Requirements. Combustible piping installations shall be protected in accordance with the appropriate fire resistance rating requirements in the building code that list the acceptable area, height, and type of construction for use in specific occupancies to assure compliance and integrity of the fire resistance rating prescribed. 1404.2 Fire-Resistance Rating. Where penetrating a fireresistance-rated wall, partition, floor, floor-ceiling assembly, roof-ceiling assembly, or shaft enclosure, the fire-resistance rating of the assembly shall be restored to its original rating. 1404.3 Firestop Systems. Penetrations shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E119, ASTM E814, UL 263, or UL 1479 with a positive pressure differential of not less than 0.01 of an inch of water (0.002 kPa). Systems shall have an F rating of not less than 1 hour but not less than the required fireresistance rating of the assembly being penetrated. Systems protecting floor penetrations shall have a T rating of not less than 1 hour but not less than the required fire-resistance rating of the floor being penetrated. Floor penetrations contained within the cavity of a wall at the location of the floor penetration do not require a T rating. No T rating shall be required for floor penetrations by piping that is not in direct contact with combustible material.

  1404.4 Connections. Where piping penetrates a rated assembly, the combustible piping shall not connect to noncombustible piping unless it is capable of being demonstrated that the transition is in accordance with Section 1404.3.

• CPC § 5703.6.4 High relevance — show source text

  Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be tested using an inert gas.

  5703.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect piping, valves or fittings subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.

  5703.6.5 Protection from external corrosion and galvanic action. Where subject to external corrosion, piping, related fluidhandling components and supports for both underground and above-ground applications shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, and coated or provided with corrosion protection. Dissimilar metallic parts that promote galvanic action shall not be joined.

  5703.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of manual control valves and check valves to operate the system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and emergency conditions. Piping systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of such valves to control properly the flow of liquids in normal operation and in the event of physical damage or fire exposure.

  5703.6.6.1 Backflow protections. Connections to pipelines or piping by which equipment (such as tank cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves or block valves for automatic protection against backflow where the piping arrangement is such that backflow from the system is possible. Where loading and unloading is done through a common pipe system, a check valve is not required. However, a block valve, located in an area where it is provided with ready access or remotely operable, shall be provided.

  5703.6.6.2 Manual drainage. Manual drainage-control valves shall be located at approved locations remote from the tanks, diked area, drainage system and impounding basin to ensure their operation in a fire condition.

  5703.6.7 Connections. Above-ground tanks with connections located below normal liquid level shall be provided with internal or external isolation valves located as close as practical to the shell of the tank. Except for liquids whose chemical characteristics are incompatible with steel, such valves, where external, and their connections to the tank shall be of steel.

  5703.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibration, expansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against exposure to fire by one of the following:

  1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a minimum slope of not less than 1 percent.
  2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.
  3. Other approved methods.

  5703.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed and approved and shall be installed on underground liquid, vapor and vent piping at all of the following locations:

  1. Where piping connects to underground tanks.
  2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers.
  3. At points where differential movement in the piping can occur.

  5703.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) piping is not required to be provided with flexible joints in locations where both of the following conditions are present:

  1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter.
  2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on one side of the connection where such connections result in a change of direction.

  In lieu of the minimum 4-foot (1219 mm) straight run length, approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under dispensers and suction pumps, at submerged pumps and tanks, and where vents extend above ground.

• CPC § 2025 High relevance — show source text

  The safety requirements provide protection for piping, material, and structures, with provisions for installation practices, removing stress and strain of the pipe, sleeving, and hanger support. The building’s structural stability is protected by the regulations for cutting and notching of structural members.

  Chapter 4 Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings.

  This chapter regulates the minimum number of plumbing fixtures of a specific type and quality for each building. The fixtures must be properly installed to be usable by the individuals occupying the building. The quality and design of every fixture must conform to the applicable referenced standard. Compliance with this chapter will result in a building or structure having acceptable plumbing fixtures for the sanitary, hygienic, cleaning, washing, and food preparation needs of the occupants. In addition to ensuring resilient fixtures, the chapter also takes into consideration gender-neutral facilities and contains provisions for privacy compartments.

  Chapter 5 Water Heaters.

  Chapter 5 regulates the design, approval, installation, and safety devices of fuel burning and other types of water heaters with the combustion air requirements for ventilation and dilution of flue gases for appliances installed in buildings. This chapter does not apply to direct-vent appliances. In addition, this chapter regulates the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of chimneys, vents, and their connections to fuel-burning appliances. Methods to supply combustion air may be supplied from an indoor air supply, outdoor air supply, a combination of indoor and outdoor air supply, mechanical air supply, or an engineered system. Combustion air provisions are based on the number of openings and the total opening size required based on the total energy input rating of the appliance. An acceptable air supply for combustion and ventilation is necessary for the proper operation of fuel-burning appliances. A shortage of combustion air can result in incomplete combustion and the production of poisonous gases, such as carbon monoxide or appliance overheating. Ventilation air provides cooling for the appliance casing and internal controls. Inadequate ventilation of the space in which an appliance is installed can result in increased surrounding temperatures that stress the appliance itself or other appliances in the vicinity.

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  FORMAT OF THE UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

  Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution.

  Chapter 6 regulates the design, material, and installation of water supply and distribution systems, including residential fire sprinklers. The water supply and distribution system is designed to achieve the correct water pressure and flow rates and avoid cross-connections. For fixtures to perform properly, an acceptable supply of potable water is essential to their operation and use. Cross-connections and backflow are ranked as the highest priority because of the long history of recognized health risks posed by cross-connections, outbreaks, or cases of waterborne disease. Piping materials and components are evaluated for their possible effect on the potable water with which they are in contact. The intent is to control the potential adverse health effects produced by indirect additives, products, and materials that come in contact with potable water. When selecting materials for water supply and distribution systems, consider water pressure, water temperature, compatibility with the water supply, durability, support, and sustainability.

• CPC § 0.0508 High relevance — show source text

  (1) A steel striker barrier not less than 0.0508 of an inch (1.3 mm) thick, or equivalent, is installed between the tubing and the finished wall and extends at least 4 inches (102 mm) beyond concealed penetrations of plates, firestops, wall studs, and so on.

  (2) The tubing is installed in single runs and is not rigidly secured. [NFPA 54:7.3.4] 1210.4.4 Industrial Occupancies. In industrial occupancies, gas piping in solid floors such as concrete shall be laid in channels in the floor and covered to permit access to the piping with a minimum of damage to the building. Where piping in floor channels could be exposed to excessive moisture or corrosive substances, the piping shall be protected in an approved manner.

  [NFPA 54:7.3.5.1] 1210.4.5 Other Occupancies. In other than industrial occupancies and where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, gas piping embedded in concrete floor slabs constructed with portland cement shall be surrounded with a minimum of 1 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) of concrete and shall not be in physical contact with other metallic structures such as reinforcing rods or electrically neutral conductors. All piping, fittings, and risers shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with Section 1210.3.1. Piping shall not be embedded in concrete slabs containing quickset additives or cinder aggregate. [NFPA 54:7.3.5.2] 1210.5 Piping in Vertical Chases. Where gas piping exceeding 5 psi (34 kPa) is located within vertical chases in accordance with Section 1208.4(4), the requirements of Section 1210.5.1 through Section 1210.5.3 shall apply. [NFPA 54:7.4] 1210.5.1 Pressure Reduction. Where pressure reduction is required in branch connections for compliance with Section 1208.4, such reduction shall take place either inside the chase or immediately adjacent to the outside wall of the chase. Regulator venting and downstream overpressure protection shall comply with Section 1208.7.4 and Section 1208.8 through Section 1208.10.4. The regulator shall be

  accessible for service and repair and vented in accordance with one of the following:

  (1) Where the fuel gas is lighter than air, regulators equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented into the chase. Regulators not equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented either directly to the outdoors or to a point within the top 1 foot (305 mm) of the chase.

  (2) Where the fuel gas is heavier than air, the regulator vent shall be vented only directly to the outdoors.

  [NFPA 54:7.4.1]

  1210.5.2 Chase Construction. Chase construction shall comply with local building codes with respect to fire resistance and protection of horizontal and vertical openings. [NFPA 54:7.4.2]

• CPC § 1210.1.1 High relevance — show source text

  1210.1.1 Cover Requirements. Underground piping systems shall be installed with a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of cover. The minimum cover shall be increased to 18 inches (457 mm) if external damage to the pipe or tubing from external forces is likely to result. Where a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) of cover cannot be provided, the piping shall be installed in conduit.

  [NFPA 54:7.1.2.1 – 7.1.2.1(B)]

  1210.1.2 Trenches. The trench shall be graded so that the pipe has a firm, substantially continuous bearing on the bottom of the trench. [NFPA 54:7.1.2.2]

  1210.1.2.1 Backfilling. Where flooding of the trench is done to consolidate the backfill, care shall be exercised to see that the pipe is not floated from its firm bearing on the trench bottom. [NFPA 54:7.1.2.3]

  1210.1.3 Protection Against Corrosion. Steel pipe and steel tubing installed underground shall be installed in accordance with Section 1210.1.3.1 through Section 1210.1.3.9. [NFPA 54:7.1.3]

  1210.1.3.1 Zinc Coating. Zinc coating (galvanizing) shall not be deemed adequate protection for underground gas piping. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.1]

  1210.1.3.2 Underground Piping. Underground piping shall comply with one or more of the following unless approved technical justification is provided to demonstrate that protection is unnecessary:

  (1) The piping shall be made of corrosion-resistant material that is suitable for the environment in

  which it will be installed.

  (2) Pipe shall have a factory-applied, electrically insulating coating. Fittings and joints between sections of coated pipe shall be coated in accordance with the coating manufacturer’s instructions.

  (3) The piping shall have a cathodic protection system installed, and the system shall be maintained in accordance with Section 1210.1.3.3 or

  Section 1210.1.3.6. [NFPA 54:7.1.3.2]

  SHUTOFF VALVE APPLICATION	STANDARDS
  Appliance shutoff valve up to ½ psi	CSA/ANSI Z21.15/CSA 9.1
  Appliance shutoff valve up to ½ psi	ASME B16.44
  Appliance shutoff valve up to ½ psi	ASME B16.33 marked 125 G
  Appliance shutoff valve up to ½ psi	ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.32
  Valve up to ½ psi	ASME B16.44
  Valve up to ½ psi	ASME B16.33 marked 125 G
  Valve up to ½ psi	ANSI LC 4/CSA 6.

• CPC § 7.3.4 High relevance — show source text

  the tubing and the finished wall and extends at least 4 inches (102 mm) beyond concealed penetrations of plates, firestops, wall studs, and so on.

  (2) The tubing is installed in single runs and is not rigidly secured. [NFPA 54:7.3.4]

  1310.4.4 Industrial Occupancies. In industrial occupancies, gas piping in solid floors such as concrete shall be laid in channels in the floor and covered to permit access to the piping with a minimum of damage to the building. Where piping in floor channels could be exposed to excessive moisture or corrosive substances, the piping shall be protected in an approved manner.

  [NFPA 54:7.3.5.1]

  1310.4.5 Other Occupancies. In other than industrial occupancies and where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, gas piping embedded in concrete floor slabs constructed with Portland cement shall be surrounded with a minimum of 1 [1] ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) of concrete and shall not be in physical contact with other metallic structures such as reinforcing rods or electrically neutral conductors. All piping, fittings, and risers shall be protected against corrosion in accordance with Section 1310.3.1. Piping shall not be embedded in concrete slabs containing quickset additives or cinder aggregate. [NFPA 54:7.3.5.2]

  1310.5 Piping in Vertical Chases. Where gas piping exceeding 5 psi (34 kPa) is located within vertical chases in accordance with Section 1310.6, the requirements of Section 1310.5.1 through Section 1310.5.3 shall apply. [NFPA 54:7.4]

  1310.5.1 Pressure Reduction. Where pressure reduction is required in branch connections for compliance with Section 1310.6, such reduction shall take place either inside the chase or immediately adjacent to the outside wall of the chase. Regulator venting and downstream overpressure protection shall comply with Section 1308.6.4 and Section 1308.7. The regulator shall be accessible for service and repair, and vented in accordance with one of the following:

  (1) Where the fuel gas is lighter than air, regulators equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented into the chase. Regulators not equipped with a vent limiting means shall be permitted to be vented either directly to the outdoors or to a point within the top 1 foot (305 mm) of the chase.

  (2) Where the fuel gas is heavier than air, the regulator vent shall be vented only directly to the outdoors.

  [NFPA 54:7.4.1]

  1310.5.2 Chase Construction. Chase construction

  shall comply with local building codes with respect to fire resistance and protection of horizontal and vertical openings. [NFPA 54:7.4.2]

  1310.5.3 Ventilation. A chase shall be ventilated to the

  outdoors and only at the top. The opening(s) shall have a minimum free area [in square inches (square meters)] equal to the product of one-half of the maximum pressure in the piping [in pounds per square inch (kilopas

  cals)] times the largest nominal diameter of that piping

• CPC § 25270.2 High relevance — show source text

  as described in Health and Safety Code Section 25270.2(o)(1)(C)(i)._ 3. Piping systems connected to a petroleum hazardous waste tank in an underground area that complies with the hazardous waste tank standards pursuant to the California Code of Regulations, Title 22, Chapter 15, Article 10 (commencing with Section 66265.190), and the facility has been issued a unified program facility permit pursu- ant to Health and Safety Code Section 25404.2 for generation, treatment, accumulation or storage of hazardous waste, as described in Health and Safety Code Section 25270.2(o)(1) (C)(ii).

  5703.6.3 Testing. Unless tested in accordance with the applicable section of ASME B31.9, piping, before being covered, enclosed or placed in use, shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, but not less than 5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (34.47 kPa) at the highest point of the system. This test shall be maintained for a sufficient time period to complete visual inspection of joints and connections. For not less than 10 minutes, there shall be no leakage or permanent distortion. Care shall be exercised to ensure that these pressures are not applied to vented storage tanks. Such storage tanks shall be tested independently from the piping.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 57-7

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

  5703.6.3.1 Existing piping. Existing piping shall be tested in accordance with this section where the fire code official has reasonable cause to believe that a leak exists. Piping that could contain flammable or combustible liquids shall not be tested pneumatically. Such tests shall be at the expense of the owner or operator.

  Exception: Vapor-recovery piping is allowed to be tested using an inert gas.

  5703.6.4 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect piping, valves or fittings subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.

  5703.6.5 Protection from external corrosion and galvanic action. Where subject to external corrosion, piping, related fluidhandling components and supports for both underground and above-ground applications shall be fabricated from noncorrosive materials, and coated or provided with corrosion protection. Dissimilar metallic parts that promote galvanic action shall not be joined.

  5703.6.6 Valves. Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of manual control valves and check valves to operate the system properly and to protect the plant under both normal and emergency conditions. Piping systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of such valves to control properly the flow of liquids in normal operation and in the event of physical damage or fire exposure.

  5703.6.6.1 Backflow protections. Connections to pipelines or piping by which equipment (such as tank cars, tank vehicles or marine vessels) discharges liquids into storage tanks shall be provided with check valves or block valves for automatic protection against backflow where the piping arrangement is such that backflow from the system is possible. Where loading and unloading is done through a common pipe system, a check valve is not required. However, a block valve, located in an area where it is provided with ready access or remotely operable, shall be provided.

• CPC § 5703.6.8 High relevance — show source text

  5703.6.8 Piping supports. Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibration, expansion, contraction or exposure to fire. The supports shall be protected against exposure to fire by one of the following:

  1. Draining liquid away from the piping system at a minimum slope of not less than 1 percent.
  2. Providing protection with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.
  3. Other approved methods.

  5703.6.9 Flexible joints. Flexible joints shall be listed and approved and shall be installed on underground liquid, vapor and vent piping at all of the following locations:

  1. Where piping connects to underground tanks.
  2. Where piping ends at pump islands and vent risers.
  3. At points where differential movement in the piping can occur.

  5703.6.9.1 Fiberglass-reinforced plastic piping. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) piping is not required to be provided with flexible joints in locations where both of the following conditions are present:

  1. Piping does not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter.
  2. Piping has a straight run of not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on one side of the connection where such connections result in a change of direction.

  In lieu of the minimum 4-foot (1219 mm) straight run length, approved and listed flexible joints are allowed to be used under dispensers and suction pumps, at submerged pumps and tanks, and where vents extend above ground.

  5703.6.10 Pipe joints. Joints shall be liquid tight and shall be welded, flanged or threaded except that listed flexible connectors are allowed in accordance with Section 5703.6.9. Threaded or flanged joints shall fit tightly by using approved methods and materials for the type of joint. Joints in piping systems used for Class I liquids shall be welded where located in concealed spaces within buildings.

  Nonmetallic joints shall be approved and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

  Pipe joints that are dependent on the friction characteristics or resiliency of combustible materials for liquid tightness of piping shall not be used in buildings. Piping shall be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting.

  5703.6.11 Bends. Pipe and tubing shall be bent in accordance with ASME B31.9.

  SECTION 5704—STORAGE

  5704.1 General. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in containers and tanks shall be in accordance with this section and the applicable sections of Chapter 50.

  5704.2 Tank storage. The provisions of this section shall apply to:

  1. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in fixed above-ground and underground tanks. Exception: Tanks connected to building heating systems installed in accordance with Section 605.4.

  57-8 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

  2. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in fixed above-ground tanks inside of buildings. Exception: Tanks connected to building heating systems installed in accordance with Section 605.4.
  3. The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in portable tanks whose capacity exceeds 660 gallons (2498 L).
  4. The installation of such tanks and portable tanks.
• CPC § 1.11.0. High relevance — show source text

  Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section|BSC|BSC-
  CG|SFM|1|2|1-AC|AC|** SS**|SS/CC|1|1R|2|3|4|5|6|6|6|6|6|6|6|6|6| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section|||X|||||||X|X|X|X|X|X|X||||||||| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section||||||||||||||||||||||||| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section||||||||||||||||||||||||| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section||||||||||||||||||||||||| |Adopting Agency
  Adopt Entire Chapter
  Adopt Entire Chapter as
  amended (amended
  sections listed below)
  Adopt only those sections
  that are listed below
  Chapter/Section|||||||||||||||||||||||||

  This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 303

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  CHAPTER 14

  FIRESTOP PROTECTION

  1401.0 General.

  1401.1 Applicability. Piping penetrations of required fireresistance-rated walls, partitions, floors, floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling assemblies, or shaft enclosures shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of the building code, and this chapter.

  1402.0 Construction Documents.

  1402.1 Penetrations. Construction documents shall indicate with sufficient detail how penetrations of fire-resistancerated assemblies shall be firestopped prior to obtaining design approval.

  1403.0 Installation.

  1403.1 Materials. Firestop systems shall be installed in accordance with this chapter, the building code, and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

• CPC § 603.5.17 High relevance — show source text

  603.5.17 Potable Water Outlets and Valves. Potable water outlets, freeze-proof yard hydrants, combination stop-and-waste valves, or other fixtures that incorporate a stop and waste feature that drains into the ground shall not be installed underground. 603.5.18 Pure Water Process Systems. The water supply to a pure water process system, such as dialysis water systems, semiconductor washing systems, and similar process piping systems, shall be protected from backpressure and backsiphonage by a reduced-pressure principle backflow preventer. 603.5.18.1 Dialysis Water Systems. The individual connections of the dialysis related equipment to the dialysis pure water system shall not require additional backflow protection. 603.5.19 Garbage Can Washers. Where garbage can washers are connected to a potable water supply system, the connection shall be protected against backflow in accordance with Table 603.2.

  603.5.20 Plumbing Fixture Fittings. Plumbing fixture fittings with integral backflow protection shall comply with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. 603.5.21 Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs. Potable water supply to swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs shall be protected by an air gap or a reduced pressure principle backflow preventer in accordance with the following:

  (1) The unit is equipped with a submerged fill line.

  (2) The potable water supply is directly connected to the unit circulation system. 603.5.22 Chemical Dispensers. The water supply to chemical dispensers shall be protected against backflow by one of the following:

  (1) The chemical dispenser shall comply with ANSI/CAN/ASSE/IAPMO 1055. Where an installation involves a water source coming from a faucet with an integrated vacuum breaker device, a pressure bleed device conforming to IAPMO PS 104 shall be used to protect the vacuum breaker device.

  (2) Water supply shall be protected by one of the following methods:

  (a) Air gap

  (b) Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB)

  (c) Pressure vacuum breaker backflow prevention assembly (PVB)

  (d) Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker (SVB)

  (e) Reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP)

  «

  «

  «

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  WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

  604.0 Materials.

  604.1 Pipe, Tube, and Fittings. Pipe, tube, fittings, solvent cement, thread sealants, solders, and flux used in potable water systems intended to supply drinking water shall comply with NSF/ANSI/CAN 61. Where pipe fittings and valves are made from copper alloys containing more than 15 percent zinc by weight and are used in plastic piping systems, they shall be resistant to dezincification and stress corrosion cracking in compliance with NSF/ANSI 14.

  Materials used in the water supply system, except valves and similar devices, shall be of a like material, except where otherwise approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

  Materials for building water piping and building supply piping shall comply with the applicable standards referenced in Table 604.1.

• CPC § 309.0 High relevance — show source text

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  IS 33

  Uniform Plumbing Code References for Ductile Iron and PVC Pressure Building Supply and Exterior Cold-Water Piping

  The following sections of the 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code apply to ductile iron and PVC pressure building supply and exterior cold-water piping.

  Chapter 3 General Regulations

  309.0 Workmanship

  312.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Struc tures

  313.0 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors

  314.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

  Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution

  604.0 Materials (water piping)

  Table 604.1 Materials for Building Supply and Water Distribution Piping and Fittings

  605.4 Ductile Iron Pipe and Joints

  605.12 PVC Plastic Pipe and Joints

  605.16.2 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

  609.0 Installation, Testing, Unions, and Location

  Abbreviations

  IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

  UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by IAPMO

  AWWA American Water Works Association

  CSA Canadian Standards Association

  Applicable Standards.

  ASME B16.4 Gray Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250

  ASTM D1785 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

  ASTM D2241 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

  ASTM D2466 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40

  ASTM D2467 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80

  ASTM F1970 Special Engineered Fittings, Appurtenances or Valves for use in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Systems

  AWWA C110 Ductile Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings

  AWWA C111 Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings

  AWWA C151 Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast

  AWWA C153 Ductile-Iron Compact Fitting

  AWWA C900 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 in. through 12 in. (100 mm through 300 mm)

  AWWA C904 Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Tubing, ½ in. through 3 In. (13 mm through 76 mm), for Water Service

  AWWA C907 Injection-Molded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Fittings, 4 In, through 12 in (100 mm through 300 mm) for Water, Wastewater and Reclaimed Water Service

  IAPMO/

  ANSI UPC-1 Uniform Plumbing Code

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• CPC § 4.6 Medium relevance — show source text

  Considerations are soil density; clearance from obstacles, utilities, and structures; location of bends, and water service locations. Excavations and shoring shall be in accordance with jurisdictional safety requirements. (c) Set Up Fuse the proper length of polyethylene pipe in accordance with ASTM F2620, or ASTM D3261 and fuse the end to a small length that is attached to the pulling head. A rod pusher cable is pushed through the damaged host pipe and attached to the pulling cable, which is then drawn through the pipe. The clevis end of the cable is attached to the pulling head. The pulling equipment is then set up according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

  (d) Pulling Pull the pulling head through. Once the pull is done, complete the connection to the existing piping.

  4.6 Cleanouts

  4.6.1 Plug Each cleanout fitting for cast-iron pipe shall consist of a cast-iron or brass body and an approved plug. Each cleanout for galvanized wrought-iron, galvanized steel, copper, or brass pipe shall consist of a brass plug as specified in Table 1, or a standard weight brass cap, or an approved ABS or PVC plastic plug, or an approved stainless-steel cleanout or plug. Plugs shall have raised square heads or approved countersunk rectangular slots. 4.6.2 Approved Each cleanout fitting and each cleanout plug, or cap shall be of an approved type.

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  IS 26

  4.6.3 Watertight and Gastight

  Cleanouts shall be designed to be watertight and gastight.

  5 Testing and Inspection Requirements

  5.1 Media

  The piping of the building sewer shall be tested with water. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be permitted to require the removal of cleanouts, etc., to ascertain whether the pressure has reached all parts of the system.

  5.2 Water Test

  The system shall be tested by plugging the end of the building sewer at its points of connection to the public sewer or private sewage disposal system and completely filling the building sewer with water from the lowest to the highest point thereof.

  5.3 Inspections

  The completed piping shall be internally inspected by camera unless waived by the Administrative Authority.

  TABLE 1

  CLEANOUTS (See Section 4.6.1)

  NPS	SIZE OF CLEANOUT (inches)	THREADS PER INCH
  1.5	1.5	11.5
  2	1.5	11.5
  2.5	2.5	8
  3	2.5	8
  4 & larger	3.5	8

  Note: For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm

  Uniform Plumbing Code References

  The following sections of the 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code apply.

  105.2 Required Inspections

  105.2.2 Other Inspections

  105.3 Testing of Systems

  301.2 Minimum Standards

  309.0 Workmanship

  312.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures

• CPC § 4.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  • 100°F
    (16°C-38°C)|1 h|6 h|2 h|12 h|6 h|24 h| |40°F-60°F
    (4°C-16°C)|2 h|12 h|4 h|24 h|12 h|48 h| |10°F- 40°F
    (-12°C+4°C)|8 h|48 h|16 h|96 h|48 h|8 days| |*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|*If gaps or loose fits are encountered in the system, double these cure times.|

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 467

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  IS 33

  FIGURE 1

  LOCATION OF THRUST BLOCKS (STANDARD AND METRIC COMBINED) A COMPARISON OF THRUST-BLOCK AREAS (See Section 4.1)

  468 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

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  IS 33

  FIGURE 2

  THRUST BLOCK BEARING AREA (See Section 5.2.2)

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 469

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  IS 33

  Uniform Plumbing Code References for Ductile Iron and PVC Pressure Building Supply and Exterior Cold-Water Piping

  The following sections of the 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code apply to ductile iron and PVC pressure building supply and exterior cold-water piping.

  Chapter 3 General Regulations

  309.0 Workmanship

  312.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Struc tures

  313.0 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors

  314.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

  Chapter 6 Water Supply and Distribution

  604.0 Materials (water piping)

  Table 604.1 Materials for Building Supply and Water Distribution Piping and Fittings

  605.4 Ductile Iron Pipe and Joints

  605.12 PVC Plastic Pipe and Joints

  605.16.2 Plastic Pipe to Other Materials

  609.0 Installation, Testing, Unions, and Location

  Abbreviations

  IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials

  UPC Uniform Plumbing Code published by IAPMO

  AWWA American Water Works Association

  CSA Canadian Standards Association

  Applicable Standards.

  ASME B16.4 Gray Iron Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250

  ASTM D1785 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

  ASTM D2241 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

• CPC § 11.0 Medium relevance — show source text

  11.0 - 1.11.11_|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1.13.0||||||||||||||||||||X||||| |Division II - Scope and
  Administration||||||||||||||||||||||||| |101.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |102.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |103.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |104.2 Items 1 & 2||||X|X|||||||||||||||||||| |104.3.1||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |104.4.3.1|X|||||||||||||||||||||||| |105.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X||||||||||

  This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

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  CHAPTER 1

  ADMINISTRATION

  DIVISION I

  CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

  1.1.0 General.

  1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Califor- nia Plumbing Code, may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as “this code.” The California Plumbing Code is Part 5 of thirteen parts of the official compilation and publi- cation of the adoption, amendment, and repeal of plumbing regulations to the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by adoption the 2024 Uniform Plumb- ing Code of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials with necessary California amendments.

  1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation, and energy con- servation; safety to life and property from fire and other haz- ards attributed to the built environment; and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.

  1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replace- ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, main- tenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures throughout the State of California.

• CPC § 1502.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.4 Separation Requirements . . . . . . .311

  1502.5 Abandonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

  1502.6 Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.0 Gray Water Systems . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.3 Connections to Potable and

  Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.4 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.5 Plot Plan Submission . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.6 Prohibited Location . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  Table 1503.4 Location of Gray Water System . . .314

  1503.7 Drawings and Specifications . . . .314

  1503.8 Procedure for Estimating Gray Water Discharge . . . . . . . . .314

  1503.9 Gray Water System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

  1504.0 Subsurface Irrigation System Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

  1504.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

  1504.2 Required Area of Subsurface Irrigation Fields, Subsoil Irrigation Fields, and Mulch Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

  1504.3 Determination of Maximum

  Absorption Capacity . . . . . . . . . . .316

  Table 1504.2 Design of Six Typical Soils . . . . . .316

  1504.4 Groundwater Level . . . . . . . . . . . .316

  1504.5 Irrigation, Disposal Field and Mulch Basin Construction . . . . . .316

  Table 1504.5.3 Subsoil Irrigation Field Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

  Table 1504.5.5 Subsurface Irrigation Design Criteria for Six Typical Soils . . . . .318

  1504.6 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

  1504.7 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

  1504.8 Gray Water System Color and Marking Information . . . . . . . .318

  1504.9 Other Collection and

  Distribution Systems . . . . . . . . . . .318

  1504.10 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

  1504.11 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

  1505.0 Recycled Water Supply Systems in Buildings . . . . . . . . . .318

• CPC § 705.10 Medium relevance — show source text

  Waste,
  and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Sys-
  tems for Above and Below Ground Use|Joints|705.10|

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  REFERENCED STANDARDS

  TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

  STANDARD NUMBER	STANDARD TITLE	APPLICATION	REFERENCED SECTION
  ASTM C1540-2020	Standard Specification for Heavy-Duty Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings	Joints	705.2.2
  ASTM C1563-2008 (R2021)	Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection with Hub and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Drain, Waste, Vent, and Storm Piping Applications	Joints	705.2.2
  ASTM C1822-2021	Standard Specification for Insulating Covers on Accessible Lavatory Piping	Miscellaneous	403.3
  ASTM D1253-2014	Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water	Miscellaneous	1506.10.6, 1603.4.1
  ASTM D1785-2021a	Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120	Piping	Table 604.1, Table 701.2
  ASTM D2235-2021	Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile- Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings	Joints	705.1.2
  ASTM D2239-2021	Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter	Piping	Table 604.1
  ASTM D2241-2020	Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure- Rated Pipe (SDR Series)	Piping	Table 604.1
  ASTM D2464-2015	Standard Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80	Fittings	Table 604.1
  ASTM D2466-2021	Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40	Fittings	Table 604.1
  ASTM D2467-2020	Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80	Fittings	Table 604.1
  ASTM D2513-2020	Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings	Piping	1208.5.4, 1208.5.6.2, 1208.5.10.2, 1210.1.7.1(1)
  ASTM D2564-2020	Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems	Joints	605.12.2, 705.6.

• CPC § 1501.0 Medium relevance — show source text

  1501.0 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  1501.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  1501.2 System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  1501.3 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  1501.4 Component Identification . . . . . . .309

  1501.5 Maintenance and Inspection . . . .309

  1501.6 Operation and Maintenance Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  1501.7 Minimum Water Quality Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

  Table 1501.5 Recommended Minimum Alternate Water Source Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

  1501.8 Material Compatibility . . . . . . . . . .310

  1501.9 Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

  1501.10 System Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.0 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.2 Supply System Inspection and Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.3 Cross-Connection

  Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . .310

  1502.4 Separation Requirements . . . . . . .311

  1502.5 Abandonment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

  1502.6 Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.0 Gray Water Systems . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

  1503.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.3 Connections to Potable and

  Reclaimed (Recycled) Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.4 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.5 Plot Plan Submission . . . . . . . . . .313

  1503.6 Prohibited Location . . . . . . . . . . . .313

  Table 1503.4 Location of Gray Water System . . .314

  1503.7 Drawings and Specifications . . . .314

  1503.8 Procedure for Estimating Gray Water Discharge . . . . . . . . .314

  1503.9 Gray Water System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

  1504.0 Subsurface Irrigation System Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

  1504.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

• CPC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

  r>|5890
  | |1600
  |42
  |89
  |167
  |343
  |514
  |989
  |1580
  |2790
  |5680
  | |1700
  |41
  |86
  |162
  |332
  |497
  |957
  |1530
  |2700
  |5500
  | |1800
  |40
  |83
  |157
  |322
  |482
  |928
  |1480
  |2610
  |5330
  | |1900
  |39
  |81
  |152
  |312
  |468
  |901
  |1440
  |2540
  |5180
  | |2000|38|79|148|304|455|877|1400|2470|5040|

  For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 cubic foot per hour = 0.0283 m [3] /h, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch water column = 0.249 kPa

    - Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.
  

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 239

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  FUEL GAS PIPING

  TABLE 1215.2(4) SCHEDULE 40 METALLIC PIPE [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.2.1(e)]*	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10
  						GAS:	GAS:	NATURAL	NATURAL
  						INLET PRESSURE:	INLET PRESSURE:	2.0 psi	2.0 psi
  						PRESSURE DROP:	PRESSURE DROP:	** 1.0 psi**	** 1.0 psi**
  						SPECIFIC GRAVITY:	SPECIFIC GRAVITY:	0.60	**0.

• CPC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

  r>37
  35
  34|83
  79
  76
  73
  70|169
  161
  155
  148
  143|296
  282
  270
  260
  250|420
  400
  383
  368
  355|896
  855
  819
  787
  758|1610
  1540
  1470
  1420
  1360|2540
  2430
  2320
  2230
  2150|5300
  5050
  4840
  4650
  4480| |1600
  1700
  1800
  1900
  2000|1600
  1700
  1800
  1900
  2000|33
  32
  31
  30
  29|68
  66
  64
  62
  60|138
  134
  130
  126
  122|241
  234
  227
  220
  214|343
  331
  321
  312
  304|732
  708
  687
  667
  648|1320
  1270
  1240
  1200
  1170|2080
  2010
  1950
  1890
  1840|4330
  4190
  4060
  3940
  3830|

  For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 263

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• California Plumbing Code Medium relevance — show source text

  
  5
  10
  15
  20|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|38
  35
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|73
  67
  59
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|123
  115
  105
  95
  80|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|200
  183
  170
  156
  144|163
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|520
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|273
  252
  235
  217
  202| |30|2
  5
  10
  15
  20
  30|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|41
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|81
  75
  66
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|136
  127
  113
  105
  88
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|215
  196
  182
  168
  155
  NA|158
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|578
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|302
  279
  260
  240
  223
  182| |50|2
  5
  10
  15
  20
  30|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|91
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|160
  149
  136
  124
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|250
  228
  212
  195
  180
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA|350
  321
  301
  278
  258
  NA| |Minimum
  internal area of
  chimney
  (square inches)|Minimum
  internal

• CPC § 304.8 Medium relevance — show source text

  6
  64
  62
  60|138
  134
  130
  126
  122|241
  234
  227
  220
  214|343
  331
  321
  312
  304|732
  708
  687
  667
  648|1320
  1270
  1240
  1200
  1170|2080
  2010
  1950
  1890
  1840|4330
  4190
  4060
  3940
  3830|

  For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1000 British thermal units per hour = 0.293 kW, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa Notes: 1 Table capacities are based on Type K copper tubing inside diameter (shown), which has the smallest inside diameter of the copper tubing products. 2 Table entries are rounded to 3 significant digits.

  2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 263

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  FUEL GAS PIPING

  TABLE 1215.2(29) SEMI-RIGID COPPER TUBING [NFPA 54: TABLE 6.3.1(f)]2, 3	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10	Col11
  							GAS:	GAS:	UNDILUTED PROPANE	UNDILUTED PROPANE
  							INLET PRESSURE:	INLET PRESSURE:	11.0 in. w.c.	11.0 in. w.c.
  							PRESSURE DROP:	PRESSURE DROP:	0.5 in. w.c.	0.5 in. w.c.
  							SPECIFIC GRAVITY:	SPECIFIC GRAVITY:	1.50	1.50
  INTENDED USE: TUBE SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE (LOW PRESSURE) REGULATOR AND APPLIANCE	INTENDED USE: TUBE SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE (LOW PRESSURE) REGULATOR AND APPLIANCE	INTENDED USE: TUBE SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE (LOW PRESSURE) REGULATOR AND APPLIANCE	INTENDED USE: TUBE SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE (LOW PRESSURE) REGULATOR AND APPLIANCE	INTENDED USE: TUBE SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE (LOW PRESSURE) REGULATOR AND APPLIANCE	**INTENDED USE: TUBE

• California Plumbing Code Medium relevance — show source text

  
  5
  8|NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA|265
  246
  237|NA
  NA
  NA|NA
  NA
  NA|349
  327
  317|382
  NA
  NA|725
  NA
  NA|445
  422
  408|549
  673
  747|1021
  1003
  985|650
  638
  621| |10|2
  5
  10|216
  NA
  NA|518
  NA
  NA|297
  276
  261|271
  334
  NA|654
  635
  NA|387
  364
  345|373
  459
  547|808
  789
  758|490
  465
  441|536
  657
  771|1142
  1121
  1088|722
  710
  665| |15|2
  5
  10
  15|211
  261
  NA
  NA|611
  591
  NA
  NA|335
  312
  294
  278|264
  325
  392
  452|776
  755
  722
  692|440
  414
  392
  372|362
  444
  531
  606|965
  942
  907
  873|560
  531
  504
  481|520
  637
  749
  841|1373
  1348
  1309
  1272|840
  825
  774
  738| |20|2
  5
  10
  15
  20|206
  255
  312
  NA
  NA|675
  655
  622
  NA
  NA|374
  348
  330
  311
  292|258
  317
  382
  442
  NA|864
  842
  806
  773
  NA|490
  461
  437
  414
  392|252
  433
  517
  591
  663|1079
  1055
  1016
  979
  944|625
  594
  562
  539
  510|508
  623
  733
  823
  911|1544
  1518
  1475
  1434
  1394|950
  930
  875
  835
  800| |30|2
  5

• California Plumbing Code High relevance — show source text

  RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR**|APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR| |HEIGHT
  H
  (feet)|LATERAL
  L
  (feet)|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR|MAXIMUM APPLIANCE INPUT RATING IN THOUSANDS OF BTU PER HOUR| |6|0
  2
  5|39
  31
  28|70
  55
  51|116
  94
  88|170
  141
  128|232
  194
  177|312
  260
  242|500
  415
  390|750
  620
  600| |8|0
  2
  5
  10|42
  32
  29
  24|76
  61
  56
  49|126
  102
  95
  86|185
  154
  141
  131|252
  210
  194
  180|340
  284
  264
  250|542
  451
  430
  406|815
  680
  648
  625| |10|0
  2
  5
  10
  15|45
  35
  32
  27
  NA|84
  67
  61
  54
  46|138
  111
  104
  94
  84|202
  168
  153
  143
  130|279
  233
  215
  200
  186|372
  311
  289
  274
  258|606
  505
  480
  455
  432|912
  760
  724
  700
  666| |15|0
  2
  5
  10
  15
  20|49
  39
  35
  30
  NA
  NA|91
  72
  67
  58
  50
  NA|151
  122
  110
  103
  93
  82|223
  186
  170
  158
  144
  132|312
  260
  240
  223
  207
  195|420
  350
  325
  308
  291
  273|684
  570
  540
  514
  488
  466|1040
  865
  825
  795
  760
  726| |20|0
  2
  5

• CPC § 5704.4.3 High relevance — show source text

  5704.4.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Storage areas shall be provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5703.4.

  Exception: Containers stored on approved containment pallets in accordance with Section 5004.2.3 and containers stored in cabinets and lockers with integral spill containment.

  5704.4.4 Security. Storage areas shall be protected against tampering or trespassers by fencing or other approved control

  measures.

  5704.4.5 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect exterior storage tanks from vehicular damage. Where guard posts are installed, the posts shall be installed in accordance with Section 312.

  5704.4.6 Clearance from combustibles. The storage area shall be kept free from weeds, debris and combustible materials not necessary to the storage. The area surrounding an exterior storage area shall be kept clear of such materials for a minimum distance of 15 feet (4572 mm).

  5704.4.7 Weather protection. Weather protection for outdoor storage shall be in accordance with Section 5004.13.

  5704.4.8 Empty containers and tank storage. The storage of empty tanks and containers previously used for the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, unless free from explosive vapors, shall be stored as required for filled containers and tanks. Tanks and containers when emptied shall have the covers or plugs immediately replaced in openings.

  SECTION 5705—DISPENSING, USE, MIXING AND HANDLING

  5705.1 Scope. Dispensing, use, mixing and handling of flammable liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5703 and this section. Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading and other special operations shall be in accordance with Section 5706.

  Exception: Containers of organic coatings having no fire point and which are opened for pigmentation are not required to comply with this section.

  5705.2 Liquid transfer. Liquid transfer equipment and methods for transfer of Class I, II and IIIA liquids shall be approved and be in accordance with Sections 5705.2.1 through 5705.2.6.

  5705.2.1 Pumps. Where positive-displacement pumps are used, they shall be provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank, pump suction or other approved location, or shall be provided with interlocks to prevent over-pressure.

  5705.2.2 Pressured systems. Where gases are introduced to provide for transfer of Class I liquids, or Class II and III liquids transferred at temperatures at or above their flash points by pressure, only inert gases shall be used. Controls, including pressure relief devices, shall be provided to limit the pressure so that the maximum working pressure of tanks, containers and piping systems cannot be exceeded. Where devices operating through pressure within a tank or container are used, the tank or container shall be a pressure vessel approved for the intended use. Air or oxygen shall not be used for pressurization.

  Exception: Air transfer of Class II and III liquids at temperatures below their flash points.

  5705.2.3 Piping, hoses and valves. Piping, hoses and valves used in liquid transfer operations shall be approved or listed for the intended use.

• California Plumbing Code Medium relevance — show source text

  
  2
  5
  10
  15
  20
  30|184
  175
  215
  265
  312
  360
  461|1168
  823
  806
  777
  750
  723
  670|647
  533
  521
  501
  481
  461
  426|229
  219
  269
  327
  379
  433
  541|1542
  1069
  1049
  1017
  985
  955
  895|852
  698
  684
  662
  638
  615
  574|312
  296
  366
  440
  507
  570
  704|1971
  1346
  1324
  1287
  1251
  1216
  1147|1056
  863
  846
  821
  794
  768
  720|454
  424
  524
  620
  702
  780
  937|2996
  1999
  1971
  1927
  1884
  1841
  1759|1545
  1308
  1283
  1243
  1205
  1166
  1101| |50|0
  2
  5
  10
  15
  20
  30|176
  168
  204
  253
  299
  345
  442|1292
  971
  953
  923
  894
  866
  809|704
  613
  602
  583
  562
  543
  502|220
  209
  257
  313
  363
  415
  521|1724
  1273
  1252
  1217
  1183
  1150
  1086|948
  811
  795
  765
  736
  708
  649|295
  280
  347
  418
  481
  544
  674|2223
  1615
  1591
  1551
  1512
  1473
  1399|1189
  1007
  991
  963
  934
  906
  848|428
  401
  496
  589
  668
  741
  892|3432
  2426
  2396
  2347
  2299
  2251
  2159|1818
  1509
  1490
  1455
  1421
  1387
  1318| |100|0
  2
  5

• CPC § 0.34 Medium relevance — show source text

  32 to 0.34|250|4.5|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0| |251 to 350|0.29 to 0.32|200|3.0|4.0|4.5|4.5|4.5| |201 to 250|0.27 to 0.30|150|2.5|2.5|2.5|3.0|3.0| |141 to 200|0.25 to 0.29|125|1.5|1.5|2.0|2.0|2.0| |105 to 140|0.22 to 0.28|100|1.0|1.0|1.5|1.5|1.5|

  For SI units: °C=(°F-32)/1.8, 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 British thermal unit inch per hour square foot degree Fahrenheit = [0.1 W/(m•K)]

  Notes: 1 For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness ( T ) shall be determined as follows: T = r {(1 + t / r ) [K] [/] [k ] – 1}

  Where:

  T = minimum insulation thickness (inches). r = actual outside radius of pipe (inches). t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size. K = conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature [Btu•in/(h•ft [2] - °F)] [W/(m•K)]. k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature. 2 These thicknesses are on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is sometimes required relative to safety issues/surface temperature. 3 For piping smaller than 1 1 ⁄ 2 inches (40 mm) or less and located in partitions within conditioned spaces, reduction of these thicknesses by 1 inch (25.4 mm) shall be permitted (before thickness adjustment required in footnote 1) but not to thicknesses below 1 inch (25.4 mm). 4 For direct-buried heating and hot water system piping, reduction of these thicknesses by 1 1 ⁄ 2 inch (40 mm) shall be permitted (before thickness adjustment required in footnote 1) but not to thicknesses below 1 inch (25.4 mm). 5 Table E 503.7.3(1) is based on steel pipe. Nonmetallic pipes schedule 80 thickness or less shall use the table values. For other nonmetallic pipes having thermal resistance more than that of steel pipe, reduced insulation thicknesses are permitted where documentation is provided showing that the pipe with the proposed insulation has no more heat transfer per foot (mm) than a steel pipe of the same size with the insulation thickness shown in Table E 503.7.3(1).

  474 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  APPENDIX E

  TABLE E 503.7.3(2) MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS FOR COOLING SYSTEMS (CHILLED WATER, BRINE, AND REFRIGERANT) [1,2,3,4 ]

  [ASHRAE 90.1: TABLE 6.8.3-2]

• CPC § 2306.6.2.3 Medium relevance — show source text

  2306.6.2.3 Overfill protection. Overfill protection shall be provided for above-ground flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks in accordance with Sections 5704.2.7.5.8 and 5704.2.9.7.5.

  2306.6.2.4 Siphon prevention. An approved antisiphon method shall be provided in the piping system to prevent flow of liquid by siphon action.

  2306.6.2.5 Emergency relief venting. Above-ground storage tanks, tank compartments and enclosed secondary containment spaces shall be provided with emergency relief venting in accordance with Chapter 57.

  2306.6.2.6 Spill containers. A spill container having a capacity of not less than 5 gallons (19 L) shall be provided for each fill connection. For tanks with a top fill connection, spill containers shall be noncombustible and shall be fixed to the tank and

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 23-7

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR GARAGES

  equipped with a manual drain valve that drains into the primary tank. For tanks with a remote fill connection, a portable spill container is allowed.

  2306.6.2.7 Piping for tanks in underground areas. Piping systems connected to a tank in an underground area shall also comply with Section 5703.6.2.2.

  2306.6.3 Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks. Piping, valves, fittings and ancillary equipment for underground tanks shall comply with Chapter 57 and NFPA 30A.

  2306.7 Fuel-dispensing systems for flammable or combustible liquids. The design, fabrication and installation of fuel-dispensing systems for flammable or combustible liquid fuels shall be in accordance with Sections 2306.7.1 through 2306.7.9.2.4. Alcoholblended fuel-dispensing systems shall also comply with Section 2306.8.

  2306.7.1 Listed equipment. Electrical equipment, dispensers, hose, nozzles and submersible or subsurface pumps used in fueldispensing systems shall be listed.

  2306.7.2 Fixed pumps required. Class I and II liquids shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to allow control of the flow and prevent leakage or accidental discharge.

  2306.7.3 Mounting of dispensers. Dispensing devices, except those installed on top of a protected above-ground tank that qualifies as vehicle-impact resistant, shall be protected against physical damage by mounting on a concrete island 6 inches (152 mm) or more in height, or shall be protected in accordance with Section 312. Dispensing devices shall be installed and securely fastened to their mounting surface in accordance with the dispenser manufacturer’s instructions. Dispensing devices installed indoors shall be located in an approved position where they cannot be struck by an out-of-control vehicle descending a ramp or other slope.

  2306.7.3.1 Additional impact protection. The fire code official is authorized to require additional impact protection in accordance with Section 312 where dispensing devices are located in areas near parking areas, multiple dispensing devices, highway on- and off-ramps, and other areas where there is a higher potential for vehicle impacts.

  **2306.7.4 Dispenser emergency shutoff valve.

• California Plumbing Code Medium relevance — show source text

  
  2
  5
  10
  15
  20|190
  182
  224
  277
  325
  374|1053
  708
  692
  666
  640
  616|573
  468
  457
  437
  419
  400|238
  227
  279
  339
  393
  448|1379
  914
  896
  866
  838
  810|750
  611
  596
  570
  549
  526|326
  309
  381
  457
  526
  592|1751
  1146
  1126
  1092
  1060
  1028|927
  754
  734
  702
  677
  651|473
  443
  547
  646
  730
  808|2631
  1689
  1665
  1626
  1587
  1550|1346
  1098
  1074
  1037
  1005
  973| |30|0
  2
  5
  10
  15
  20
  30|184
  175
  215
  265
  312
  360
  461|1168
  823
  806
  777
  750
  723
  670|647
  533
  521
  501
  481
  461
  426|229
  219
  269
  327
  379
  433
  541|1542
  1069
  1049
  1017
  985
  955
  895|852
  698
  684
  662
  638
  615
  574|312
  296
  366
  440
  507
  570
  704|1971
  1346
  1324
  1287
  1251
  1216
  1147|1056
  863
  846
  821
  794
  768
  720|454
  424
  524
  620
  702
  780
  937|2996
  1999
  1971
  1927
  1884
  1841
  1759|1545
  1308
  1283
  1243
  1205
  1166
  1101| |50|0
  2
  5

• CPC § 1-33 Medium relevance — show source text

  112 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

  113 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

  114 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

  115 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

  CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

  201 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

  202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

  CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE . . . . .3-1

  301 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

  302 Occupancy Classification and Use Designation . . . . 3-3

  303 Assembly Group A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

  304 Business Group B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

  305 Educational Group E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

  306 Factory Group F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

  307 High-Hazard Group H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

  308 Institutional Group I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

  309 Mercantile Group M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

  310 Residential Group R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

  311 Storage Group S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

  312 Utility and Miscellaneous Group U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

  313 Laboratories Group L [SFM]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19