CFC · California Fire Code
Exit signs, illumination and emergency power requirements for retrofits
If you’re retrofitting an existing building, the California Fire Code requires exit signs to be lit (either internally or from a light that provides at least 5 footcandles on the sign face) and — for certain occupancies that have two or more exits — an automatic emergency illumination system that keeps exit paths and signs visible during a power failure; for retrofits the CFC specifies a minimum of 60 minutes of emergency illumination where required (see **§ 1104.3** and **§ 1104.5**). file
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — plain English
For retrofits, exit signs must be internally or externally illuminated and, when means-of-egress emergency illumination is required, those signs must remain visible under emergency illumination. These basic illumination rules are set in § 1104.3 and the emergency-power trigger and scope are set in § 1104.5 of the California Fire Code (CFC).
Make exit signs lit at all times and make sure required spaces have an automatic emergency illumination source when the occupancy and number of exits make it mandatory.
Requirements in detail
Exit sign illumination (what the sign itself must provide)
- Illumination method: Exit signs must be internally or externally illuminated. § 1104.3.
- Externally illuminated signs: The sign face must receive not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux) from the external source. § 1104.3.
- Internally illuminated signs: Must provide equivalent luminance and be listed for that purpose. § 1104.3.
- Self-/photoluminescent exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters must have a minimum luminance of 0.06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m²) (exception to § 1104.3). § 1104.3 (Exception).
When emergency power for egress illumination is required
- Emergency-power illumination applies “where means of egress illumination is provided” and, in the event of normal power failure, an automatic emergency system must supply illumination for specific occupancies that require two or more means of egress. See § 1104.5.
- The occupancies and thresholds specifically listed in § 1104.5 include (selected decision-relevant items):
- Group A with 50 or more occupants (except some small places of worship). § 1104.5.
- Group B: buildings three or more stories, or 100 or more occupants above/below a level of exit discharge, or 1,000 or more total occupants. § 1104.5.
- Group E in interior exit access and exit stairways/ramps, corridors, windowless student areas, shops and labs. § 1104.5.
- Group F having more than 100 occupants (with daylight exceptions). § 1104.5.
- Group I, Group M, and Groups R-1 and R-2 (with specified exceptions). § 1104.5.
Emergency power duration for retrofits
- For retrofit situations covered by the CFC, emergency power for means-of-egress illumination shall be provided for not less than 60 minutes for systems requiring emergency power (except Group I-2). See § 1104.5.1. 60 minutes is the CFC retrofit requirement.
Note: New-construction/other code sections may specify different durations (for example, 90 minutes in some Building Code provisions). Compare retroactive CFC retrofit rules (60 minutes) to the related Building Code sections before designing or specifying equipment.
Visibility under emergency illumination and power source connection
- Where emergency illumination is required by § 1104.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions. § 1104.4 (linked requirement).
- Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system. § 1104.4 (Exception).
Quick reference table (decision-relevant values)
| Decision factor | Required value / trigger | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Exit sign illumination method | Internally or externally illuminated | § 1104.3 |
| External-source face illumination | ≥ 5 footcandles (54 lux) on face | § 1104.3 |
| Self-/photoluminescent sign luminance | ≥ 0.06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m²) (approved types) | § 1104.3 (Exception) |
| Emergency-power required when (retrofit) | Occupancies listed in § 1104.5 where two or more means of egress are required (see list) | § 1104.5 |
| Emergency-power duration (retrofit) | Not less than 60 minutes (other than Group I-2) | § 1104.5.1 |
| Exit-sign visibility requirement under emergency power | Exit signs must be visible under emergency illumination | § 1104.4 |
| Exception for continuously self-illuminated signs | Not required to connect to emergency electrical system | § 1104.4 (Exception) |
Exceptions & special cases
- Self-luminous/photoluminescent signs listed and providing the required luminance are an accepted alternative and may be exempt from emergency-system connection when they provide continuous illumination independent of external power. § 1104.3 (Exception) and § 1104.4 (Exception).
- Some occupancies have their own thresholds and exceptions (e.g., places of worship with occupant loads under specified limits, small retail sales areas) — these exceptions are listed within § 1104.5. Always check the specific occupancy sub-item in § 1104.5.
- The CFC retrofit emergency-duration requirement (60 minutes) differs from some Building Code/new-construction provisions that use 90 minutes; if your project crosses both codes, document which section controls (retrofit CFC vs. new-construction CBC/CEC references).
Common mistakes
- Assuming the Building Code new-construction durations (e.g., 90 minutes) automatically apply to retrofits — for retrofit projects the CFC § 1104.5.1 sets 60 minutes unless another controlling section says otherwise.
- Installing externally illuminated signs without verifying the 5 footcandle face intensity (signs are often undersized or improperly aimed). Check actual footcandle at the sign face per § 1104.3.
- Not ensuring visibility of exit signs under the emergency lighting mode — exit signs must still be visible after transfer to emergency power per § 1104.4 and § 1104.5.
- Failing to confirm whether an approved self-illuminated sign qualifies for the exception (listing and luminance requirements must be met). § 1104.3 (Exception).
Worked example — retrofit scenario with numbers
Scenario: Retrofit of an existing three-story office building (Group B) with two required means of egress serving typical floors. There are 150 occupants total and the building was not previously upgraded for emergency egress illumination.
Step 1 — Does emergency illumination apply?
- Yes. Group B building that is three or more stories in height is explicitly listed in § 1104.5 as requiring automatic emergency illumination where two or more means of egress are required. Result: emergency system required.
Step 2 — Exit sign illumination requirements:
- All exit signs must be internally or externally illuminated. If externally illuminated, provide ≥ 5 footcandles on the sign face per § 1104.3. Confirm measured lux/footcandles at the sign face during design/verification.
Step 3 — Emergency power duration:
- For this retrofit, provide emergency power for not less than 60 minutes for means-of-egress illumination (per § 1104.5.1). Document the battery/generator selection to meet 60 minutes of illumination for the egress lighting circuit(s).
Step 4 — Exit sign visibility:
- Confirm each exit sign is visible when the emergency illumination system is operating (per § 1104.4 / § 1104.5). If using self-illuminated signs that meet the listing and luminance exception, connection to the emergency electrical system may not be required — but confirm the sign meets the 0.06 footlambert criterion and is approved.
What this means practically: specify fixtures and exit sign types to meet the footcandle/luminance requirements; size emergency backup to supply required egress illumination circuits for 60 minutes for this retrofit; verify visibility during emergency-mode testing and document compliance for the AHJ.
Related provisions (CFC & closely linked)
- § 1104.3 — Exit sign illumination (primary controlling text for sign luminance and methods).
- § 1104.4 — Power source / visibility of exit signs under emergency illumination (linked requirement).
- § 1104.5 — Illumination emergency power — occupancies and triggers for emergency systems.
- § 1104.5.1 — Emergency power duration for retrofits (minimum 60 minutes for non‑I‑2).
- Chapter 10 references (CFC/CBC) — Additional details on exit sign construction, power and emergency illumination appear in Chapter 10 / referenced Building Code sections (for example § 1013.6.3 and § 1008.3.1 in the CBC for related illumination and duration requirements). Cross-check when project scope involves elements controlled by both codes. file
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CFC § 0.06 High relevance — show source text
Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m [2] ).
1104.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is required in Section 1104.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions.
Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
1104.5 Illumination emergency power. Where means of egress illumination is provided, the power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply. In the event of power supply failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system for the following occupancies where such occupancies require two or more means of egress:
- Group A having 50 or more occupants.
Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively as a place of worship and having an occupant load of less than 300.
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CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
Group B buildings three or more stories in height, buildings with 100 or more occupants above or below a level of exit discharge serving the occupants or buildings with 1,000 or more total occupants.
Group E in interior exit access and exit stairways and ramps, corridors, windowless areas with student occupancy, shops and laboratories.
Group F having more than 100 occupants.
Exception: Buildings used only during daylight hours and that are provided with windows for natural light in accordance with the California Building Code .
Group I.
Group M. Exception: Buildings less than 3,000 square feet (279 m [2] ) in gross sales area on one story only, excluding mezzanines.
Groups R-1 and R-2.
Exception: Where each dwelling unit or sleeping unit has direct access to the outside of the building at grade.
1104.5.1 Emergency power duration and installation. Emergency power for means of egress illumination shall be provided in accordance with Section 1203. In other than Group I-2, emergency power shall be provided for not less than 60 minutes for systems requiring emergency power.
1104.6 Guards. Guards complying with this section shall be provided at the open sides of means of egress that are more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below.
1104.6.1 Height of guards. Guards shall form a protective barrier not less than 42 inches (1067 mm) high.
Exceptions:
- Existing guards on the open side of exit access and exit stairways and ramps shall be not less than 30 inches (760 mm) high.
- Existing guards within dwelling units shall be not less than 36 inches (910 mm) high.
- Existing guards in assembly seating areas.
1104.6.2 Opening limitations. Open guards shall have balusters or ornamental patterns such that a 6-inch-diameter (152 mm) sphere cannot pass through any opening up to a height of 34 inches (864 mm).
CFC § 1103.10 High relevance — show source text
No person shall install, market, distribute, offer for sale or sell any carbon monoxide device in the state of California unless the device and instructions have been approved and listed by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
1103.10 Medical gases. Medical gases stored and transferred in health-care-related facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 53.
SECTION 1104—MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
1104.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25, and the building code that applied at the time of construction. Where the provisions of this chapter conflict with the building code that applied at the time of construction, the most restrictive provision shall apply. Existing buildings that were not required to comply with a building code at the time of construction shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25.
1104.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means of egress.
Exceptions:
- Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1009.4.
- Previously approved elevators, escalators and moving walks in existing buildings.
1104.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed for the purpose.
Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m [2] ).
1104.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is required in Section 1104.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions.
Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
1104.5 Illumination emergency power. Where means of egress illumination is provided, the power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply. In the event of power supply failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system for the following occupancies where such occupancies require two or more means of egress:
- Group A having 50 or more occupants.
Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively as a place of worship and having an occupant load of less than 300.
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CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
Group B buildings three or more stories in height, buildings with 100 or more occupants above or below a level of exit discharge serving the occupants or buildings with 1,000 or more total occupants.
Group E in interior exit access and exit stairways and ramps, corridors, windowless areas with student occupancy, shops and laboratories.
Group F having more than 100 occupants.
Exception: Buildings used only during daylight hours and that are provided with windows for natural light in accordance with the California Building Code .
- Group I.
CFC § 1013.6.3 High relevance — show source text
[BE] 1013.6.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power loss, the sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency power system provided from storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 1203. Group I-2 exit sign illumination shall not be provided by unit equipment batteries only.
Exception: Approved exit sign illumination types that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes, in case of primary power loss, are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
1013.7 Floor-level exit signs. Where exit signs are required by Chapter 10, additional approved low-level exit signs which are internally or externally illuminated photoluminescent or self-luminous shall be provided in all interior corridors of Group A, E, I and R-2.1 occupan- cies and in all areas serving guest rooms of hotels in Group R, Division 1 occupancies.
Exceptions: 1. Group A occupancies that are protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system. 2. Group E occupancies where direct exits have been provided from each classroom. 3. Group I and R-2.1 occupancies which are provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 407.5 of the California Building Code.
4. Group I-3 occupancies.
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The bottom of the sign shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) or more than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level and shall indicate the path of exit travel. For exit and exit-access doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest edge of the sign or marker within 4 inches (102 mm) of the door frame.
Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, this California amendment applies to all newly constructed buildings or structures, subject to this section, for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.
1013.8 Path marking. When exit signs are required by Chapter 10, in addition to approved floor-level exit signs, approved path marking shall be installed at floor level or no higher than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level in all interior-rated exit corridors of unsprin- klered Group A, R-1 and R-2 occupancies.
Such marking shall be continuous, except as interrupted by door-ways, corridors or other such architectural features, in order to provide a visible delineation along the path of travel.
Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, the California amendments of this section shall apply to all newly constructed buildings or structures, subject to this section, for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.
SECTION 1014—HANDRAILS
CFC § 18001.8. High relevance — show source text
(i) For the purposes of this section, “single-family dwelling” does not include a manufactured home as defined in Section 18007, a mobilehome as defined in Section 18008, or a commercial coach as defined in Section 18001.8.
(j) This section shall not apply to the installation of smoke detectors in dwellings intended for human occupancy, as defined in and regulated by Section 13113.7 of the Health and Safety Code, as added by Senate Bill No. 1448 in the 1983-84 Regular Session.
1103.9 Carbon monoxide detection. Carbon monoxide detection shall be installed in existing buildings where any of the conditions identified in Section 915.1.1 exist. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be installed in the locations specified in Section 915.2 and the installation shall be in accordance with Section 915.4.
Exceptions:
- Carbon monoxide alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated where the code that was in effect at the time of construction did not require carbon monoxide detectors to be provided.
- Carbon monoxide alarms are permitted to be solely battery operated in dwelling units that are not served from a commercial power source.
- A carbon monoxide detection system in accordance with Section 915.5 shall be an acceptable alternative to carbon monoxide alarms.
1103.9.1 Carbon monoxide detection in existing Group E buildings. For the purposes of carbon monoxide detection, an existing Group E is a building constructed before January 1, 2017. When an existing Group E occupancy has a fossil-fuel-burning furnace located inside the building, the school is encouraged to install carbon monoxide detection in accordance with the California Existing Building Code.
No person shall install, market, distribute, offer for sale or sell any carbon monoxide device in the state of California unless the device and instructions have been approved and listed by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
1103.10 Medical gases. Medical gases stored and transferred in health-care-related facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 53.
SECTION 1104—MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
1104.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25, and the building code that applied at the time of construction. Where the provisions of this chapter conflict with the building code that applied at the time of construction, the most restrictive provision shall apply. Existing buildings that were not required to comply with a building code at the time of construction shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25.
1104.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means of egress.
Exceptions:
- Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1009.4.
- Previously approved elevators, escalators and moving walks in existing buildings.
1104.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed for the purpose.
CFC § 1013.5.1 High relevance — show source text
1013.5.1 Photoluminescent exit signs. Photoluminescent exit signs shall be provided with an illumination source to charge the exit sign in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
[BE] 1013.6 Externally illuminated exit signs. Externally illuminated exit signs shall comply with Sections 1013.6.1 through 1013.6.3.
[BE] 1013.6.1 Graphics. Every exit sign and directional exit sign shall have plainly legible letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm) wide. The word “EXIT” shall have letters having a width not less than 2 inches (51 mm) wide, except the letter “I,” and the minimum spacing between letters shall be not less than [3] / 8 inch (9.5 mm). Signs larger than the minimum established in this section shall have letter widths, strokes and spacing in proportion to their height.
The word “EXIT” shall be in high contrast with the background and shall be clearly discernible when the means of exit sign illumination is or is not energized. If a chevron directional indicator is provided as part of the exit sign, the construction shall be such that the direction of the chevron directional indicator cannot be readily changed.
[BE] 1013.6.2 Exit sign illumination. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux).
[BE] 1013.6.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power loss, the sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency power system provided from storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 1203. Group I-2 exit sign illumination shall not be provided by unit equipment batteries only.
Exception: Approved exit sign illumination types that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes, in case of primary power loss, are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.
1013.7 Floor-level exit signs. Where exit signs are required by Chapter 10, additional approved low-level exit signs which are internally or externally illuminated photoluminescent or self-luminous shall be provided in all interior corridors of Group A, E, I and R-2.1 occupan- cies and in all areas serving guest rooms of hotels in Group R, Division 1 occupancies.
Exceptions: 1. Group A occupancies that are protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system. 2. Group E occupancies where direct exits have been provided from each classroom. 3. Group I and R-2.1 occupancies which are provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 407.5 of the California Building Code.
4. Group I-3 occupancies.
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CFC § 446.11 High relevance — show source text
446.11 Exits.
446.11.1 Distribution. Exits shall be located remotely from each other and arranged to minimize any possibility that more than one may be blocked off by any one fire or other emergency condition.
446.11.2 Number. Winery caves shall be provided with a minimum of two exits.
Assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be provided with exits as required by the California Building Code for Group A Occupancies.
446.12 Exit illumination.
446.12.1 General. Exits shall be illuminated to a minimum intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (10.76 lx) at floor level whenever the winery cave is occupied. Fixtures providing exit illumination shall be supplied from a dedicated circuit or source of power used only for exit illumination.
446.12.2 Separate sources of power. The power supply for exit illumination may be provided by the premises’ wiring system. In the event of its failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system in Types 2 and 3 winery caves. Emergency systems shall be supplied from storage batteries or an on-site generator set, and the system shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the California Electrical Code.
446.13 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed at required exits and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the exits from assem- bly areas in Type 3 winery caves.
446.14 Maximum occupant load. Occupant load requirements in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in accordance with Section 1004.
446.15 Seating arrangements. Seating arrangements in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in accordance with Califor- nia Fire Code, Section 1028.9.
SECTION 447—RESERVED
SECTION 448—RESERVED
SECTION 449—PUBLIC LIBRARIES [SL AND SFM]
Public libraries funded from the California Library Construction and Renovation Act of 1988.
449.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in: 1. New facilities, including additions;
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2. Existing facilities to which a project adds the lesser of 5,000 square feet (465 m [2] ) or 10 percent of the size of the existing facility, if the existing facility does not already have an automatic sprinkler system.
449.2 System monitoring requirement. All fire protection systems shall be monitored by a fire alarm supervising station in accordance with the NFPA 72.
449.3 Book return slots. Any interior book return with a slot piercing the exterior wall shall have a separate sprinkler head and be enclosed in fire-rated construction.
449.4 Automatic sprinkler and extinguishing systems. For public libraries constructed with funds awarded under the California Read- ing and Literacy Improvement and Public Library Construction and Renovation Bond Act of 2000: 1. _**Fire sprinkler system requirement.
CFC § 446.8.2 High relevance — show source text
446.8.2 Standby personnel. Per the California Fire Code, Section 2404.20, when, in the opinion of the fire chief, it is essential for public safety, the owner, agent or lessee shall employ one or more qualified persons, as required and approved by the chief, to be on duty at such place. Such individuals shall be in uniform or otherwise easily identifiable.
Standby personnel shall be subject to the fire chief’s orders at all times when so employed and shall remain on duty during the times such places are open to the public or when such activity is being conducted.
Before the start of any activity requiring standby personnel, such individuals shall: 1. Inspect the required fire appliances to ensure they are in the proper place and in good working order. 2. Inspect all exits to verify accessibility and proper operation.
While on duty, such individuals shall not be required or permitted to perform any duties other than those specified by the fire chief.
446.8.3 Open-flame devices. The use of candles and other open-flame devices shall be in accordance with California Fire Code Section 308.1.7.
446.9 Portable fire extinguishers and other fire appliances. Portable fire extinguishers shall be located to be readily accessible. Its type, location and spacing throughout the facility shall be in accordance with the provisions of Title 19, Chapter 3 and California Fire Code Section 906.1. Other fire appliances shall be maintained at the site as required by the fire chief.
446.10 Fire alarm systems. An approved manual fire alarm system conforming with the provisions of the California Fire Code, Section 907.2.1 shall be provided in all Type 3 winery caves.
446.11 Exits.
446.11.1 Distribution. Exits shall be located remotely from each other and arranged to minimize any possibility that more than one may be blocked off by any one fire or other emergency condition.
446.11.2 Number. Winery caves shall be provided with a minimum of two exits.
Assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be provided with exits as required by the California Building Code for Group A Occupancies.
446.12 Exit illumination.
446.12.1 General. Exits shall be illuminated to a minimum intensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (10.76 lx) at floor level whenever the winery cave is occupied. Fixtures providing exit illumination shall be supplied from a dedicated circuit or source of power used only for exit illumination.
446.12.2 Separate sources of power. The power supply for exit illumination may be provided by the premises’ wiring system. In the event of its failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system in Types 2 and 3 winery caves. Emergency systems shall be supplied from storage batteries or an on-site generator set, and the system shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the California Electrical Code.
446.13 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed at required exits and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the exits from assem- bly areas in Type 3 winery caves.
446.14 Maximum occupant load. Occupant load requirements in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in accordance with Section 1004.
CFC § 1008.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[BE] 1008.2.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies where two or more exits are required, on the exterior landings required by Section 1010.1.5, means of egress illumination levels for the exit discharge shall be provided such that failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level on that landing to less than 1 footcandle (11 lux).
[BE] 1008.2.3 Exit discharge. Illumination shall be provided along the path of travel for the exit discharge from each exit to the public way.
Exception: Illumination shall not be required where the path of the exit discharge meets both of the following requirements:
- The path of exit discharge is illuminated from the exit to a safe dispersal area complying with Section 1028.5.
- A dispersal area shall be illuminated to a level not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface.
[BE] 1008.2.4 Power for illumination. The power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply.
[BE] 1008.3 Illumination required by an emergency electrical system. An emergency electrical system shall be provided to automatically illuminate the following areas in the event of a power supply failure:
- In rooms or spaces that require two or more exits or access to exits:
1.1. Aisles.
1.2. Corridors.
1.3. Exit access stairways and ramps. 2. In buildings that require two or more exits or access to exits: 2.1. Interior exit access stairways and ramps. 2.2. Interior and exterior exit stairways and ramps.
2.3. Exit passageways. 2.4. Vestibules and areas on the level of discharge used for exit discharge in accordance with Section 1028.2. 2.5. Exterior landings as required by Section 1010.1.5 for exit doorways that lead directly to the exit discharge. 3. In other rooms and spaces: 3.1. Electrical equipment rooms.
3.2. Fire command centers.
3.3. Fire pump rooms.
3.4. Generator rooms.
3.5. Public restrooms with an area greater than 300 square feet (27.87 m [2] ). 4. Group I-2 exit discharge stairways, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way or to a safe dispersal area in accordance with Section 1028.5.
[BE] 1008.3.1 Duration. The emergency power system shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 2702 of the California Building Code .
[BE] 1008.3.2 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured
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CFC § 4803.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 4803 — REQUIRED PERMITS
4803.1 Change in use. A permit from the fire code official shall be obtained any time a change in use or occupancy is intended by the owner (e.g., for live audience shows, wrap parties).
4803.2 Additional permits. A permit shall be required for:
a) Use of pyrotechnic special effects.
b) Open flames. c) Flammable or combustible liquids, gases and dust.
d) Hot work.
e) Presence of motor vehicles within a building. f) Any additional permits as required by the fire code official.
4803.3 Live audiences. A permit shall be required for seating arrangements of all live audience stages.
SECTION 4804 — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4804.1 Housekeeping. Provisions of this part shall maintain proper housekeeping in accordance with Chapter 3.
4804.2 Aisles. Perimeter aisles within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be provided. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm). See Chapter 10 for maintenance requirements. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum clear unobstructed height of 7 feet (2134 mm).
4804.3 Travel distance. The maximum travel distance to any exit within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be 150 feet (45 720 mm).
4804.4 Exit doors. Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware and swing in the direction of exit travel.
4804.5 Exit signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 48-3
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS
4804.6 Exit illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with the California Building Code. In the event of power fail- ure, exit path illumination shall be automatically provided by an approved emergency back-up system.
4804.7 Exit obstructions. All means of egress shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1005.1.
4804.8 Foam plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.
4804.9 Decorative materials. Drapes, drops, cut greens, etc., shall meet the flame retardant requirements of California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapters 5 and 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.
SECTION 4805 — FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
4805.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9.
CFC § 1030.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Means of Appeals 112 Means of Egress Chapter 10, 1104, 3312 Accessible means of egress 1009 Assembly 1030 Bleachers 1030.1.1 Buildings under construction or demolition 3312
Corridors 1020, 1104.17 Defined 202
Egress court 202, 1029.1 Elevators, escalators and moving walks 1003.7, 1104.2 Emergency escape and rescue 1031 Existing buildings 1104 Exit access 1016 Exit discharge 1028 Exits 1006
Guards 1015, 1104.6 Handrails 1014
Illumination 1008, 1104.3 Locks, latches 1010.2.4 Maintenance of 1032
Membrane structures 3103.11 Monitoring and recording of 1010.2.9 Obscuration of 316.4, 1032.4, 1032.6
Obstructions 1032.3, 1032.3.1 Outdoor assembly events 3107.3 Ramps 1012 Signs 1013 Sizing 1005 Stairways 1023, 1027 Tents 3103.11 Mechanical Refrigeration (see Refrigeration System) Mechanical Stocking Methods 3206.10.1.1 Defined 202 Medical Care (see Institutional Occupancies) 202, 203 Medical Gas Systems 5306.5 Medical Gases 5306 Membrane Structure Chapter 31 Defined 202 Membrane-Penetration Firestop System
202
Merchandise Pad 202, 1018.4 Metal Hydride and Metal Hydride Storage Systems 5807 Defined 202 Metal Hydride Storage System 202 Meters, Gas 605.8 Mezzanine 1004.2.2 Ceiling height 1003.2 Guards 1015.1
Occupant load 1004.2.2 Stairways 1011.14, 1019, 1023.2 Mills
Composite Board 2805 Plywood 2805 Process 2806
Veneer 2805
Mirrors 1010.1, 1032.6 Miscella 202, 3903.4 Mixtures (Hazardous materials) 5001.2.1 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles 4106 Permit 105.5.34 Mobile Fueling 5706.5.4.5 Defined 202 Mobile Fueling, Hydrogen 202 Mobile Fueling Operations [see On-Demand Mobile Fueling Operations Modifications (of code requirements)] 104.2.4 Monitoring (sprinkler and fire alarm systems) 903.4.2, 907.6.6 Hazardous materials 5004.2.2.5
Termination of 907.6.6.3 Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film
CFC § 4804.5 Medium relevance — show source text
4804.5 Exit signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in accordance with the California Building Code.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 48-3
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS
4804.6 Exit illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with the California Building Code. In the event of power fail- ure, exit path illumination shall be automatically provided by an approved emergency back-up system.
4804.7 Exit obstructions. All means of egress shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1005.1.
4804.8 Foam plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.
4804.9 Decorative materials. Drapes, drops, cut greens, etc., shall meet the flame retardant requirements of California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapters 5 and 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.
SECTION 4805 — FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
4805.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9.
4805.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. The system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9 and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.
4805.3 Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area, and platforms (when provided) over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the following:
1. An approved and listed heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Detectors shall be connected to an approved and listed central, proprietary or remote station service or a local alarm, which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location. Such system shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 9.
2. The ceiling shall be positioned to allow for the operation of the building’s automatic fire sprinkler system after rehearsal, video- taping, filming or broadcasting of programs has been completed for the day.
3. An approved fire watch.
4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the fire code official (see Additional Fire Protection Systems, Section 901.4.3).
SECTION 4806 — FIRE DETECTION EQUIPMENT
4806.1 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control units may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
Frequently asked questions
Do all retrofit projects require emergency illumination?
Not always — emergency illumination is required for the specific occupancies and conditions listed in § 1104.5 (for example, Group A with 50+ occupants, Group B three or more stories, etc.). Check § 1104.5 for the occupancy triggers.
What duration must emergency illumination supply in a retrofit?
For CFC retrofit situations, § 1104.5.1 requires emergency power to provide illumination for not less than 60 minutes (except Group I‑2).
Can I use photoluminescent or self-luminous signs to avoid tying into emergency power?
Yes — approved self- or photoluminescent signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power and meet the required luminance (0.06 footlamberts) can be excepted from connection to the emergency electrical system, per § 1104.3 and § 1104.4 (exception). Confirm the sign is listed/approved.
What measurement is used for externally illuminated sign faces?
The code requires a minimum of 5 footcandles (54 lux) on the sign face from the external source; verify with a light meter at the sign face per § 1104.3.
If my building is being altered but not fully a “retrofit,” which rule controls — CFC or CBC?
Use the most applicable controlling provision for the scope of work. For existing-building retrofit requirements, the CFC § 1104 provisions apply; new-construction provisions in the CBC (which may have different durations or tests) can also be relevant. When in doubt, coordinate with the AHJ and document which section is controlling. file
More in California Fire Code
- Administration and Definitions
- General Requirements and Emergency Planning
- Fire Service Features and Fire Department Access
- Referenced Standards and Adoptable Appendices (Chapter 80; Appendices A–Q)
- Fire and Smoke Protection Features (fire‑resistance, barriers)
- Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings
- Fire Protection and Life‑Safety Systems (sprinklers, alarms, smoke control)
- Means of Egress (exit design and maintenance)
- Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings (retrofit rules)
- Energy Systems and Stationary Energy Storage (ESS)
- Special Occupancies and Operations (chapters 20–41, 48–49)
- Hazardous Materials — Storage, Use and Handling (Chapters 50–67)
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