CBC · California Building Code

Means of egress illumination and exit sign requirements

The California Building Code requires corridors, stairs and exit routes to be lit when occupied (minimum 1 fc), stairways in use to have higher light (10 fc), emergency lighting and exit signs to stay lit during power loss for at least 90 minutes, and exit signs to meet specific size, placement and illumination standards; see CBC §§ 1008 and 1013 for occupancy exceptions and details.

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Building Code (CBC) requires that means of egress (corridors, aisles, stairways, exit discharges, etc.) be illuminated whenever the space is occupied, with specific minimum illumination levels for normal and emergency conditions (§ 1008.2, § 1008.2.1). Where two or more exits or exit access paths are required, an emergency electrical system must provide illumination and power duration (including exit-sign power) for not less than 90 minutes (§ 1008.3, § 1008.3.1, § 1013.6.3) .

Requirements in detail

Who and when

  • Means of egress serving a room or space must be illuminated at all times the room or space is occupied (§ 1008.2) .
  • Specified exceptions apply (for example Group U, small self‑storage units, many dwelling and sleeping units) — consult § 1008.2 for the full list of exceptions .

Key numeric requirements (decision‑relevant)

Dimension / value Required value (common units) Code reference
Normal means‑of‑egress illuminance at walking surface Not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) § 1008.2.1
Exit access / exit stairways and required landings (when stairway is in use) Not less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at walking surface § 1008.2.1
Emergency lighting — initial (under emergency power) Average ≥ 1 footcandle (11 lux); minimum at any point ≥ 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) § 1008.3.2
Emergency lighting — permitted decline at end of emergency duration Average ≥ 0.6 fc (6 lux); minimum ≥ 0.06 fc (0.6 lux) § 1008.3.2
Emergency lighting uniformity Maximum-to-minimum ratio ≤ 40:1 § 1008.3.2
Emergency power duration Not less than 90 minutes (storage batteries, unit equipment or on‑site generator) § 1008.3.1
Exit sign visibility / placement Any point in an exit access corridor or exit passageway must be within 100 ft (30 480 mm) or the sign's listed viewing distance, whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign § 1013.1
Exit sign illumination (externally lit face) Face intensity not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux) § 1013.6.2
Exit sign graphics (letter size and stroke) Letters ≥ 6 in (152 mm) high; principal strokes ≥ 3/4 in (19.1 mm); "EXIT" letter width for each letter (except "I") ≥ 2 in (51 mm) § 1013.6.1
Exit sign power / emergency duration Exit signs must be illuminated at all times and be connected to an emergency power system for continued illumination at least 90 minutes in case of primary power loss (exceptions for approved self‑illuminating types) § 1013.6.3
Floor‑level (low‑level) exit signs bottom height (general) Bottom of sign 6–8 in (152–203 mm) above floor level (where required by § 1013) § 1013.7
Low‑level exit signs in Group R‑1 (special R‑1 provision) Bottom of sign 10–18 in (254–455 mm) above floor level; flush mounted and within 4 in (102 mm) of door frame on latch side § 1013.2
Photoluminescent exit signs Must have a charging illumination source per manufacturer's instructions § 1013.5.1
Path marking requirement (unsprinklered certain occupancies) Approved path marking at floor level (≤ 8 in above floor) in interior rated exit corridors of unsprinklered Group A, R‑1 and R‑2 § 1013.8

(Each tabulated requirement above is taken directly from the CBC sections shown in the Code Reference column; see the cited § numbers.)

Emergency vs. normal power

  • Normal illumination is from the premises’ electrical supply; when emergency power is required, the emergency system must automatically provide required illumination and meet the timing and performance criteria (§ 1008.2.4, § 1008.3, § 1008.3.1) .
  • Group I‑2 and some other patient‑care or special occupancy provisions require redundancy so a single lamp failure will not drop below the prescribed minimums (§ 1008.2.2, § 1008.3.2) .

Exceptions & special cases

  • Many dwelling and sleeping units (Groups R‑1, R‑2, R‑3 and some I sleeping units) are excepted from the general illumination requirement (§ 1008.2 Exceptions) .
  • For auditoriums, theaters and similar assembly occupancies, the CBC allows reduced auditorium lighting during performances to 0.2 fc on walking surfaces or use of self‑luminous step markings — but the full required illumination must be restored automatically upon fire alarm activation (§ 1008.2.1 Exception) .
  • Exit signs may be internally, externally, self‑luminous or photoluminescent, but they must be illuminated at all times or have approved continuous illumination independent of external power sources (exceptions exist for approved self‑illuminating signs) (§ 1013.3, § 1013.5, § 1013.6.3) .
  • Low‑level (floor) exit signs are required in specific occupancies (Group A, E, I, R‑2.1 and hotel corridors) with exemptions for sprinklered Group A, certain E and I occupancies (§ 1013.7 Exceptions) .
  • Path‑marking at floor level is required for unsprinklered exit corridors in certain occupancies (§ 1013.8) .

Common mistakes

  • Designing for average (or lux) values only and ignoring the minimum‑at‑any‑point and uniformity requirements (emergency lighting requires both average and minimum values and a maximum 40:1 ratio) — see § 1008.3.2 .
  • Omitting emergency power or specifying batteries/unit equipment that do not meet the 90‑minute duration or the CBC restriction for certain occupancies (Group I‑2 exit sign illumination shall not be provided by unit equipment batteries only) (§ 1008.3.1, § 1013.6.3) .
  • Placing exit signs solely at doors and not ensuring any point in the corridor is within the 100‑ft listed viewing distance (§ 1013.1) — offending designs often leave mid‑corridor points beyond the allowable viewing distance .
  • Using undersized lettering or inadequate contrast on externally lit signs (letters must meet the CBC graphic minimums) (§ 1013.6.1) .
  • Confusing the two floor‑level sign provisions: R‑1 low‑level sign mounting (§ 1013.2) has different mounting heights than the general floor‑level signs required under § 1013.7 — check the correct subsection for the occupancy type .

Worked example — corridor + stair illumination and sign placement

Scenario: An office floor has a straight corridor 260 ft long with exits at both ends and no intermediate exits. The corridor is occupied during business hours and the building requires two exits (so emergency lighting is required).

  1. Normal corridor lighting: design to provide ≥ 1 fc (11 lux) at the walking surface along the corridor (§ 1008.2.1) .
  2. Stairways: if the exit stairs serve the space and are in use, provide ≥ 10 fc (108 lux) at the walking surface on the stair runs and at required landings when in use (§ 1008.2.1) .
  3. Emergency lighting: specify an emergency system that supplies the corridor and stairs automatically for at least 90 minutes; initial emergency illumination must provide an average of ≥ 1 fc and a minimum point of ≥ 0.1 fc along the path of egress (§ 1008.3.1–1008.3.2) .
  4. Exit sign placement: because any point in the exit access corridor must be within 100 ft of a visible exit sign (§ 1013.1) , a 260 ft corridor with signs only at the ends would leave the center point 130 ft from each end (not acceptable). To comply, add at least one intermediate sign so the maximum distance from any point to the nearest sign ≤ 100 ft. For example, place exit signs at each end and one centered at 130 ft from one end — then the maximum distance from the farthest point to a sign is 65 ft (acceptable).
  5. Exit sign illumination and power: select exit signs (internally or externally illuminated) that meet the graphics requirements and are either connected to the emergency power system for 90 minutes or are an approved self‑illuminating type rated for continuous performance (§ 1013.6.1, § 1013.6.2, § 1013.6.3) .

Related provisions

  • § 1008.1 (Means of egress illumination — general)
  • § 1008.2 (Illumination required; exceptions)
  • § 1008.2.1 (Illumination levels under normal power)
  • § 1008.2.2 (Group I‑2 special redundancy)
  • § 1008.2.3 (Exit discharge illumination)
  • § 1008.2.4 (Power for illumination — normal supply)
  • § 1008.3, § 1008.3.1, § 1008.3.2 (Emergency electrical system, duration and emergency illumination levels)
  • § 1013.1 (Where exit signs are required; 100‑ft rule)
  • § 1013.2 (Low‑level exit signs in Group R‑1)
  • § 1013.3 (Exit sign illumination requirement)
  • § 1013.5, § 1013.5.1 (Internally illuminated and photoluminescent signs)
  • § 1013.6, § 1013.6.1, § 1013.6.2, § 1013.6.3 (Externally illuminated graphics, illumination level, power source)
  • § 1013.7 (Floor‑level exit signs) and § 1013.8 (Path marking)

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 10-15 High relevance — show source text

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    SECTION 1008—MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

    [BE] 1008.1 Means of egress illumination. Illumination shall be provided in the means of egress in accordance with Section 1008.2. In the event of power supply failure, means of egress illumination shall comply with Section 1008.2.4.

    [BE] 1008.2 Illumination required. The means of egress serving a room or space shall be illuminated at all times that the room or space is occupied.

    Exceptions:

    1. Occupancies in Group U.
    2. Self-service storage units 400 square feet (37.2 m [2] ) or less in area and accessed directly from the exterior of the building.
    3. Aisle accessways in Group A.
    4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
    5. Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.

    [BE] 1008.2.1 Illumination level under normal power. The means of egress illumination level shall be not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. Along exit access stairways, exit stairways and at their required landings, the illumination level shall be not less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use.

    Exception: For auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the walking surface is permitted to be reduced during performances by one of the following methods provided that the required illumination is automatically restored upon activation of a premises’ fire alarm system:

    1. Externally illuminated walking surfaces shall be permitted to be illuminated to not less than 0.2 footcandle (2.15 lux).
    2. Steps, landings and the sides of ramps shall be permitted to be marked with self-luminous materials in accordance with Sections 1025.2.1, 1025.2.2 and 1025.2.4 by systems listed in accordance with UL 1994.

    [BE] 1008.2.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies where two or more exits are required, on the exterior landings required by Section 1010.1.5, means of egress illumination levels for the exit discharge shall be provided such that failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level on that landing to less than 1 footcandle (11 lux).

    [BE] 1008.2.3 Exit discharge. Illumination shall be provided along the path of travel for the exit discharge from each exit to the public way.

    Exception: Illumination shall not be required where the path of the exit discharge meets both of the following requirements:

    1. The path of exit discharge is illuminated from the exit to a safe dispersal area complying with Section 1028.5.
    2. A dispersal area shall be illuminated to a level not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface.

    [BE] 1008.2.4 Power for illumination. The power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply.

  • CBC § 1007.1.3.1 High relevance — show source text

    1007.1.3.1 Three or more exit access stairways or ramps. Where more than two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress, not less than two shall be arranged in accordance with Section 1007.1.3.

    SECTION 1008 —MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

    1008.1 Means of egress illumination. Illumination shall be provided in the means of egress in accordance with Section 1008.2. In the event of power supply failure, means of egress illumination shall comply with Section 1008.2.4.

    1008.2 Illumination required. The means of egress serving a room or space shall be illuminated at all times that the room or space is occupied.

    Exceptions:

    1. Occupancies in Group U.
    2. Self-service storage units 400 square feet (37.2 m [2] ) or less in area and accessed directly from the exterior of the building.
    3. Aisle accessways in Group A.
    4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
    5. Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.

    1008.2.1 Illumination level under normal power. The means of egress illumination level shall be not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. Along exit access stairways, exit stairways and at their required landings, the illumination level shall not be less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use.

    Exception: For auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls and similar assembly occupancies, the illumination at the walking surface is permitted to be reduced during performances by one of the following methods provided that the required illumination is automatically restored upon activation of a premises’ fire alarm system:

    1. Externally illuminated walking surfaces shall be permitted to be illuminated to not less than 0.2 footcandle (2.15 lux).

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    1. Steps, landings and the sides of ramps shall be permitted to be marked with self-luminous materials in accordance with Sections 1025.2.1, 1025.2.2 and 1025.2.4 by systems listed in accordance with UL 1994.

    1008.2.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies where two or more exits are required, on the exterior landings required by Section 1010.1.5, means of egress illumination levels for the exit discharge shall be provided such that failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level on that landing to less than 1 footcandle (11 lux).

    1008.2.3 Exit discharge. Illumination shall be provided along the path of travel for the exit discharge from each exit to the public

    way.

    Exception: Illumination shall not be required where the path of the exit discharge meets both of the following requirements:

    1. The path of exit discharge is illuminated from the exit to a safe dispersal area complying with Section 1028.5.
    2. A dispersal area shall be illuminated to a level not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface.
  • CBC § 1008.3.2 High relevance — show source text

    1008.3.2 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded. In Group I-2 occupancies, failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level to less than 0.2 footcandle (2.2 lux).

    SECTION 1009—ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

    1009.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3 from any accessible space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by not less than two accessible means of egress in at least the same number as required by Sections 1006.2 or 1006.3. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabilities, shall also comply with the requirements of Chap- ter 11A or 11B as applicable.

    Exceptions:

    1. One accessible means of egress is required from an accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Section 1009.3, 1009.4 or 1009.5, and Chapter 11A or 11B, as applicable.
    2. In assembly areas with ramped aisles or stepped aisles, one accessible means of egress is permitted where the common path of egress travel is accessible and meets the requirements in Section 1030.8 and Chapter 11A or 11B, as applicable.

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    1009.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessible means of egress shall be continuous to a public way and shall consist of one or more of the following components:

    1. Accessible routes complying with Chapter 11A, Sections 1110A.1 and 1119A, or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B-206 and 11B-402, as applicable.
    2. Interior exit stairways complying with Sections 1009.3 and 1023, and Chapter 11A, Section 1123A, or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B-210 and 11B-504, as applicable.
    3. Exit access stairways complying with Sections 1009.3 and 1019.3 or 1019.4, and Chapter 11A, Section 1123A, or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B-210 and 11B-504, as applicable.
  • CBC § 1008.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1008.2.2 Group I-2. In Group I-2 occupancies where two or more exits are required, on the exterior landings required by Section 1010.1.5, means of egress illumination levels for the exit discharge shall be provided such that failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level on that landing to less than 1 footcandle (11 lux).

    [BE] 1008.2.3 Exit discharge. Illumination shall be provided along the path of travel for the exit discharge from each exit to the public way.

    Exception: Illumination shall not be required where the path of the exit discharge meets both of the following requirements:

    1. The path of exit discharge is illuminated from the exit to a safe dispersal area complying with Section 1028.5.
    2. A dispersal area shall be illuminated to a level not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface.

    [BE] 1008.2.4 Power for illumination. The power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply.

    [BE] 1008.3 Illumination required by an emergency electrical system. An emergency electrical system shall be provided to automatically illuminate the following areas in the event of a power supply failure:

    1. In rooms or spaces that require two or more exits or access to exits:

    1.1. Aisles.

    1.2. Corridors.

    1.3. Exit access stairways and ramps. 2. In buildings that require two or more exits or access to exits: 2.1. Interior exit access stairways and ramps. 2.2. Interior and exterior exit stairways and ramps.

    2.3. Exit passageways. 2.4. Vestibules and areas on the level of discharge used for exit discharge in accordance with Section 1028.2. 2.5. Exterior landings as required by Section 1010.1.5 for exit doorways that lead directly to the exit discharge. 3. In other rooms and spaces: 3.1. Electrical equipment rooms.

    3.2. Fire command centers.

    3.3. Fire pump rooms.

    3.4. Generator rooms.

    3.5. Public restrooms with an area greater than 300 square feet (27.87 m [2] ). 4. Group I-2 exit discharge stairways, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way or to a safe dispersal area in accordance with Section 1028.5.

    [BE] 1008.3.1 Duration. The emergency power system shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 2702 of the California Building Code .

    [BE] 1008.3.2 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

  • CBC § 903.3.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    Exceptions:

    1. Where interior exit stairways or ramps are interconnected by a 1-hour fire-resistance-rated corridor conforming to the requirements of Section 1020, the required exit separation shall be measured along the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor.

    2. Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the separation distance shall be not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served.

    1007.1.1.1 Measurement point. The separation distance required in Section 1007.1.1 shall be measured in accordance with the following:

    1. The separation distance to exit or exit access doorways shall be measured to any point along the width of the doorway.
    2. The separation distance to exit access stairways shall be measured to the closest riser.
    3. The separation distance to exit access ramps shall be measured to the start of the ramp run.

    1007.1.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, not less than two exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007.1.1. Additional required exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available.

    1007.1.3 Remoteness of exit access stairways or ramps. Where two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress to exits at another story, the required separation distance shall be maintained for all portions of such exit access stair ways or ramps.

    1007.1.3.1 Three or more exit access stairways or ramps. Where more than two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress, not less than two shall be arranged in accordance with Section 1007.1.3.

    SECTION 1008 —MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

    1008.1 Means of egress illumination. Illumination shall be provided in the means of egress in accordance with Section 1008.2. In the event of power supply failure, means of egress illumination shall comply with Section 1008.2.4.

    1008.2 Illumination required. The means of egress serving a room or space shall be illuminated at all times that the room or space is occupied.

    Exceptions:

    1. Occupancies in Group U.
    2. Self-service storage units 400 square feet (37.2 m [2] ) or less in area and accessed directly from the exterior of the building.
    3. Aisle accessways in Group A.
    4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
    5. Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.

    1008.2.1 Illumination level under normal power. The means of egress illumination level shall be not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. Along exit access stairways, exit stairways and at their required landings, the illumination level shall not be less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use.

  • CBC § 1103.10 High relevance — show source text

    No person shall install, market, distribute, offer for sale or sell any carbon monoxide device in the state of California unless the device and instructions have been approved and listed by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.

    1103.10 Medical gases. Medical gases stored and transferred in health-care-related facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 53.

    SECTION 1104—MEANS OF EGRESS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

    1104.1 General. Means of egress in existing buildings shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25, and the building code that applied at the time of construction. Where the provisions of this chapter conflict with the building code that applied at the time of construction, the most restrictive provision shall apply. Existing buildings that were not required to comply with a building code at the time of construction shall comply with the minimum egress requirements where specified in Table 1103.1 as further enumerated in Sections 1104.2 through 1104.25.

    1104.2 Elevators, escalators and moving walks. Elevators, escalators and moving walks shall not be used as a component of a required means of egress.

    Exceptions:

    1. Elevators used as an accessible means of egress where allowed by Section 1009.4.
    2. Previously approved elevators, escalators and moving walks in existing buildings.

    1104.3 Exit sign illumination. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. The face of an exit sign illuminated from an external source shall have an intensity of not less than 5 footcandles (54 lux). Internally illuminated signs shall provide equivalent luminance and be listed for the purpose.

    Exception: Approved self-luminous signs that provide evenly illuminated letters shall have a minimum luminance of 0.06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m [2] ).

    1104.4 Power source. Where emergency illumination is required in Section 1104.5, exit signs shall be visible under emergency illumination conditions.

    Exception: Approved signs that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.

    1104.5 Illumination emergency power. Where means of egress illumination is provided, the power supply for means of egress illumination shall normally be provided by the premises’ electrical supply. In the event of power supply failure, illumination shall be automatically provided from an emergency system for the following occupancies where such occupancies require two or more means of egress:

    1. Group A having 50 or more occupants.

    Exception: Assembly occupancies used exclusively as a place of worship and having an occupant load of less than 300.

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    CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

    1. Group B buildings three or more stories in height, buildings with 100 or more occupants above or below a level of exit discharge serving the occupants or buildings with 1,000 or more total occupants.

    2. Group E in interior exit access and exit stairways and ramps, corridors, windowless areas with student occupancy, shops and laboratories.

    3. Group F having more than 100 occupants.

    Exception: Buildings used only during daylight hours and that are provided with windows for natural light in accordance with the California Building Code .

    1. Group I.
  • CBC § 1.1. High relevance — show source text

    1.1. Aisles.

    1.2. Corridors.

    1.3. Exit access stairways and ramps. 2. In buildings that require two or more exits or access to exits: 2.1. Interior exit access stairways and ramps. 2.2. Interior and exterior exit stairways and ramps.

    2.3. Exit passageways. 2.4. Vestibules and areas on the level of discharge used for exit discharge in accordance with Section 1028.2. 2.5. Exterior landings as required by Section 1010.1.5 for exit doorways that lead directly to the exit discharge. 2.6. Group I-2 exit discharge stairways, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way or to a safe disper- sal area in accordance with Section 1028.5.

    1. In other rooms and spaces: 3.1. Electrical equipment rooms.

    3.2. Fire command centers.

    3.3. Fire pump rooms.

    3.4. Generator rooms.

    3.5. Public restrooms with an area greater than 300 square feet (27.87 m [2] ). 4. Group I-2 exit discharge stairways, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way or to a safe dispersal area in accordance with Section 1028.5.

    1008.3.1 Duration. The emergency power system shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 2702.

    1008.3.2 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded. In Group I-2 occupancies, failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level to less than 0.2 footcandle (2.2 lux).

    SECTION 1009—ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

    1009.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3 from any accessible space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by not less than two accessible means of egress in at least the same number as required by Sections 1006.2 or 1006.3. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabilities, shall also comply with the requirements of Chap- ter 11A or 11B as applicable.

  • CBC § 1007.1.1.1 High relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1007.1.1.1 Measurement point. The separation distance required in Section 1007.1.1 shall be measured in accordance with the following:

    1. The separation distance to exit or exit access doorways shall be measured to any point along the width of the doorway.
    2. The separation distance to exit access stairways shall be measured to the closest riser.
    3. The separation distance to exit access ramps shall be measured to the start of the ramp run.

    [BE] 1007.1.2 Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, not less than two exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section 1007.1.1. Additional required exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available.

    [BE] 1007.1.3 Remoteness of exit access stairways or ramps. Where two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress to exits at another story, the required separation distance shall be maintained for all portions of such exit access stairways or ramps.

    [BE] 1007.1.3.1 Three or more exit access stairways or ramps. Where more than two exit access stairways or ramps provide the required means of egress, not less than two shall be arranged in accordance with Section 1007.1.3.

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    SECTION 1008—MEANS OF EGRESS ILLUMINATION

    [BE] 1008.1 Means of egress illumination. Illumination shall be provided in the means of egress in accordance with Section 1008.2. In the event of power supply failure, means of egress illumination shall comply with Section 1008.2.4.

    [BE] 1008.2 Illumination required. The means of egress serving a room or space shall be illuminated at all times that the room or space is occupied.

    Exceptions:

    1. Occupancies in Group U.
    2. Self-service storage units 400 square feet (37.2 m [2] ) or less in area and accessed directly from the exterior of the building.
    3. Aisle accessways in Group A.
    4. Dwelling units and sleeping units in Groups R-1, R-2 and R-3.
    5. Sleeping units of Group I, R-2.1 and R-4 occupancies.

    [BE] 1008.2.1 Illumination level under normal power. The means of egress illumination level shall be not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. Along exit access stairways, exit stairways and at their required landings, the illumination level shall be not less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use.

  • CBC § 1013.6.3 High relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1013.6.3 Power source. Exit signs shall be illuminated at all times. To ensure continued illumination for a duration of not less than 90 minutes in case of primary power loss, the sign illumination means shall be connected to an emergency power system provided from storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 1203. Group I-2 exit sign illumination shall not be provided by unit equipment batteries only.

    Exception: Approved exit sign illumination types that provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes, in case of primary power loss, are not required to be connected to an emergency electrical system.

    1013.7 Floor-level exit signs. Where exit signs are required by Chapter 10, additional approved low-level exit signs which are internally or externally illuminated photoluminescent or self-luminous shall be provided in all interior corridors of Group A, E, I and R-2.1 occupan- cies and in all areas serving guest rooms of hotels in Group R, Division 1 occupancies.

    Exceptions: 1. Group A occupancies that are protected throughout by an approved supervised fire sprinkler system. 2. Group E occupancies where direct exits have been provided from each classroom. 3. Group I and R-2.1 occupancies which are provided with smoke barriers constructed in accordance with Section 407.5 of the California Building Code.

    4. Group I-3 occupancies.

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    The bottom of the sign shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) or more than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level and shall indicate the path of exit travel. For exit and exit-access doors, the sign shall be on the door or adjacent to the door with the closest edge of the sign or marker within 4 inches (102 mm) of the door frame.

    Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, this California amendment applies to all newly constructed buildings or structures, subject to this section, for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.

    1013.8 Path marking. When exit signs are required by Chapter 10, in addition to approved floor-level exit signs, approved path marking shall be installed at floor level or no higher than 8 inches (203 mm) above the floor level in all interior-rated exit corridors of unsprin- klered Group A, R-1 and R-2 occupancies.

    Such marking shall be continuous, except as interrupted by door-ways, corridors or other such architectural features, in order to provide a visible delineation along the path of travel.

    Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, the California amendments of this section shall apply to all newly constructed buildings or structures, subject to this section, for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.

    SECTION 1014—HANDRAILS

  • CBC § 160.5 High relevance — show source text

    The manual control shall: i. Be readily accessible; and Exception to Section 160.5(b)4Ai: Restrooms having two or more stalls, parking areas, stairwells, corridors and spaces of the building intended for access or use by the public may use a manual control not accessible to unauthorized personnel. ii. Be located in the same space or be located such that the controlled lighting or the status of the controlled lighting can be seen when operating the controls; and iii. Provide separate control of general, floor display, wall display, window display, case display, ornamental and special effects lighting, such that each type of lighting can be turned on or off without turning on or off other types of lighting. Scene controllers may comply with this requirement provided that at least one scene turns on general lighting only, and the control provides a means to manually turn off all lighting. Exception to Section 160.5(b)4A: Up to 0.1 watts per square foot of indoor lighting may be continuously illuminated to allow for means of egress illumination consistent with California Building Code Section 1008. Egress lighting complying with this wattage limitation is not required to comply with manual area control requirements if:

    i. The space is designated for means of egress on the plans and specifications submitted to the enforcement agency under Section 10-103(a)2 of Part 1; and

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    MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

    ii. The egress lighting controls shall not be controllable by unauthorized personnel during a normal power failure.

    B. Multi-level lighting controls. The general lighting of any space with a size of 100 square feet or larger and with a connected lighting load greater than 0.5 watts per square foot shall be provided with multilevel lighting controls. The multilevel lighting controls shall provide and enable continuous dimming from 100 percent to 10 percent or lower of lighting power. Exception 1 to Section 160.5(b)4B: An indoor space that has only one luminaire. Exception 2 to Section 160.5(b)4B: Restrooms. Exception 3 to Section 160.5(b)4B: The general lighting with light source of HID and induction shall have a minimum of one control step between 30 and 70 percent of full rated power. C. Shut-OFF controls. All installed indoor lighting shall be equipped with controls able to automatically reduce lighting power when the space is typically unoccupied. Exception to Section 160.5(b)4C: Continuous illumination of up to 0.1 watts per square foot of lighting is allowed to be in any area designated for egress within a building, provided that the area is indicated on the plans and specifications submitted to the enforcement agency under Section 10-103(a)2 of Part 1. Lighting providing means of egress illumination, as defined in the California Building Code, shall be configured to provide no less than the illumination required by California Building Code Section 1008 while in the partial-off mode.

  • CBC § 0.6 High relevance — show source text

    MEANS OF EGRESS

    along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded. In Group I-2 occupancies, failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level to less than 0.2 footcandle (2.2 lux).

    SECTION 1009—ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

    [BE] 1009.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3 from any accessible space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by not less than two accessible means of egress in at least the same number as required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabilities, shall also comply with the requirements of Chap- ter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code, as applicable. Exceptions:

    1. One accessible means of egress is required from an accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Section 1009.3, 1009.4 or 1009.5 and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    2. In assembly areas with ramped aisles or stepped aisles, one accessible means of egress is permitted where the common path of travel is accessible and meets the requirements in Section 1030.8 and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.

    [BE] 1009.2 Continuity and components. Each required accessible means of egress shall be continuous to a public way and shall consist of one or more of the following components:

    1. Accessible routes complying with and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    2. Interior exit stairways complying with Sections 1009.3 and 1023 of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    3. Exit access stairways complying with Sections 1009.3 and 1019.3 or 1019.4 of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the Califor- nia Building Code.
    4. Exterior exit stairways complying with Sections 1009.3 and 1027 and serving levels other than the level of exit discharge of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    5. Elevators complying with Section 1009.4 of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    6. Platform lifts complying with Section 1009.5 of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    7. Horizontal exits complying with Section 1026.
    8. Ramps complying with Section 1012 of this code and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.
    9. Areas of refuge complying with Section 1009.6.
  • CBC § 2.3. High relevance — show source text

    2.3. Exit passageways. 2.4. Vestibules and areas on the level of discharge used for exit discharge in accordance with Section 1028.2. 2.5. Exterior landings as required by Section 1010.1.5 for exit doorways that lead directly to the exit discharge. 3. In other rooms and spaces: 3.1. Electrical equipment rooms.

    3.2. Fire command centers.

    3.3. Fire pump rooms.

    3.4. Generator rooms.

    3.5. Public restrooms with an area greater than 300 square feet (27.87 m [2] ). 4. Group I-2 exit discharge stairways, ramps, aisles, walkways and escalators leading to a public way or to a safe dispersal area in accordance with Section 1028.5.

    [BE] 1008.3.1 Duration. The emergency power system shall provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and shall consist of storage batteries, unit equipment or an on-site generator. The installation of the emergency power system shall be in accordance with Section 2702 of the California Building Code .

    [BE] 1008.3.2 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured

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    MEANS OF EGRESS

    along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded. In Group I-2 occupancies, failure of a single lamp in a luminaire shall not reduce the illumination level to less than 0.2 footcandle (2.2 lux).

    SECTION 1009—ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS

    [BE] 1009.1 Accessible means of egress required. Accessible means of egress shall comply with this section. Accessible spaces shall be provided with not less than one accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3 from any accessible space, each accessible portion of the space shall be served by not less than two accessible means of egress in at least the same number as required by Section 1006.2 or 1006.3. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings for persons with disabilities, shall also comply with the requirements of Chap- ter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code, as applicable. Exceptions:

    1. One accessible means of egress is required from an accessible mezzanine level in accordance with Section 1009.3, 1009.4 or 1009.5 and Chapter 11A or 11B of the California Building Code.

Frequently asked questions

Do all buildings need exit signs and emergency lighting?

Not always — the CBC requires exit signs and egress illumination when Chapter 10 determines they are required for the occupancy and occupant load. Many dwelling and sleeping units (Groups R‑1, R‑2, R‑3) and Group U are excepted from the general egress illumination rule; see § 1008.2 and § 1013.1 for occupancy‑specific exceptions .

How long must emergency lighting and exit signs remain powered after loss of normal power?

The CBC requires the emergency power system to provide required emergency illumination and exit sign illumination for not less than 90 minutes (§ 1008.3.1, § 1013.6.3) .

Can I use photoluminescent or self‑luminous exit signs instead of electrically powered signs?

Yes, if they are an approved type and meet the performance and charging requirements; photoluminescent signs must be provided with an illumination source to charge the material per the manufacturer's instructions (§ 1013.5.1), and approved self‑illuminating types that meet the 90‑minute continuous illumination criterion are accepted in lieu of emergency‑connected signs (§ 1013.6.3) .

What is the minimum letter size for exit signs?

Every exit sign must have letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high and principal strokes not less than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) wide; additional minimums for the "EXIT" word are specified in § 1013.6.1 .

If a stairway is "in use," does its illumination requirement change?

Yes — along exit access stairways, exit stairways and their required landings, illumination must be not less than 10 footcandles (108 lux) at the walking surface when the stairway is in use; otherwise the general 1 fc walking surface minimum applies (§ 1008.2.1) .

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California Building Code