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Chapter 4 — FOUNDATIONS

Section R403

California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5) · 2019 edition · updated 2026-09-12 · California

Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.

R403.1 General.

All exterior walls shall be supported on continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings, crushed stone footings, wood foundations, or other approved structural systems that shall be of sufficient design to accommodate all loads according to Section R301 and to transmit the resulting loads to the soil within the limitations as determined from the character of the soil. Footings shall be supported on undisturbed natural soils or engineered fill. Concrete footing shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of Section R403 or in accordance with ACI 332.

R403.1.1 Minimum size. The minimum width, W, and thickness, T, for concrete footings shall be in accordance with Tables R403.1(1) through R403.1(3) and Figure R403.1(1) or R403.1.3, as applicable. The footing width shall be based on the load-bearing value of the soil in accordance with Table R401.4.1. Footing projections, P, shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) and shall not exceed the thickness of the footing. Footing thickness and projection for fireplaces shall be in accordance with Section R1001.2. The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall be based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in accordance with Table R401.4.1. Footings for wood foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.2, and Figures R403.1(2) and R403.1(3). Footings for precast foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.4, Table R403.4, and Figures R403.4(1) and R403.4(2).

R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Catego- ries D0, D1 and D2. Exterior walls of buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 shall be supported by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings. Other footing materials or systems shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice. Required interior braced wall panels in buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 with plan dimen

sions greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm) shall be supported by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings in accordance with Section R403.1.3.4, except for twostory buildings in Seismic Design Category D2, in which all braced wall panels, interior and exterior, shall be supported on continuous foundations.

Exception: Two-story buildings shall be permitted to have interior braced wall panels supported on continuous foundations at intervals not exceeding 50 feet (15 240 mm) provided that:

  1. The height of cripple walls does not exceed 4 feet (1219 mm).

  2. First-floor braced wall panels are supported on doubled floor joists, continuous blocking or floor beams.

  3. The distance between bracing lines does not exceed twice the building width measured parallel to the braced wall line.

R403.1.3 Footing and stem wall reinforcing in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2. Concrete footings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2, as established in Table R301.2(1), shall have minimum reinforcement in accordance with this section and Figure R403.1.3. Reinforcement shall be installed with support and cover in accordance with Section R403.1.3.5.

R403.1.3.1 Concrete stem walls with concrete foot- ings. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 where a construction joint is created between a concrete footing and a concrete stem wall, not fewer than one No. 4 vertical bar shall be installed at not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center. The vertical bar shall have a standard hook and extend to the bottom of the footing and shall have support and cover as specified in Section R403.1.3.5.3 and extend not less than 14 inches (357 mm) into the stem wall. Standard hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5. Not fewer than one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the stem wall and one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from the bottom of the footing.

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.1(1) MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches) a, b

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH
LIGHT FRAME		 LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)
SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH
LIGHT FRAME		 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
20 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—with crawl space 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—plus basement 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—with crawl space 16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—plus basement 22 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—with crawl space 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—plus basement 25 8 19 6 15 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—with crawl space 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—plus basement 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—with crawl space 17 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—plus basement 23 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—with crawl space 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—plus basement 26 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—with crawl space 16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—plus basement 21 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—with crawl space 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—plus basement 25 7 19 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 17 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—with crawl space 22 6 17 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—plus basement 28 9 21 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—with crawl space 18 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—plus basement 24 7 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—with crawl space 21 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—plus basement 27 9 20 6 16 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—with crawl space 25 7 18 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—plus basement 30 10 23 6 18 6 15 6 13 6 12 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m 2 . a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed. b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that carries half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width

of the house, add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

144 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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TABLE R403.1(2) MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION WITH BRICK VENEER (inches) a, b

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE OF
STRUCTURE
WITH BRICK VENEER		 LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)
SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE OF
STRUCTURE
** WITH BRICK VENEER**		 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
20 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—with crawl space 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—plus basement 21 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—with crawl space 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—plus basement 26 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—with crawl space 26 8 19 6 15 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—plus basement 32 11 24 7 19 6 16 6 14 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—with crawl space 16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—plus basement 22 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—with crawl space 22 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—plus basement 27 9 21 6 16 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 21 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—with crawl space 27 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—plus basement 33 11 24 7 20 6 16 6 14 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—with crawl space 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—plus basement 24 7 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—with crawl space 24 7 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—plus basement 29 10 22 6 18 6 15 6 13 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 27 7 18 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—with crawl space 29 9 22 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 3 story—plus basement 35 12 26 8 21 6 17 6 15 6 13 6
70 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—with crawl space 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—plus basement 26 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—slab-on grade 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—with crawl space 26 8 19 6 15 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—plus basement 32 11 24 7 19 6 16 6 14 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 26 8 19 6 15 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—with crawl space 31 11 23 7 19 6 16 6 13 6 12 6
70 psf 3 story—plus basement 37 13 28 9 22 6 18 6 16 6 14 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m 2 . a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed. b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that carries half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width

of the house, add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.1(3) MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR CONCRETE FOOTINGS WITH CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE OR FULLY GROUTED MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION (inches) a, b

SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH CMU		 LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
(psf)
SNOW LOAD
OR ROOF LIVE
LOAD		 STORY AND TYPE
OF STRUCTURE WITH CMU		 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
20 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—with crawl space 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 1 story—plus basement 25 8 19 6 15 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 23 7 18 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—with crawl space 29 9 22 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
20 psf 2 story—plus basement 35 12 26 8 21 6 17 6 15 6 13 6
20 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 32 11 24 7 19 6 16 6 14 6 12 6
20 psf 3 story—with crawl space 38 14 28 9 23 6 19 6 16 6 14 6
20 psf 3 story—plus basement 43 17 33 11 26 8 22 6 19 6 16 6
30 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—with crawl space 20 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 1 story—plus basement 26 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 24 7 18 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—with crawl space 30 10 22 6 18 6 15 6 13 6 12 6
30 psf 2 story—plus basement 36 13 27 8 21 6 18 6 15 6 13 6
30 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 33 12 25 7 20 6 17 6 14 6 12 6
30 psf 3 story—with crawl space 39 14 29 9 23 7 19 6 17 6 14 6
30 psf 3 story—plus basement 44 17 33 12 27 8 22 6 19 6 17 6
50 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 17 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—with crawl space 22 6 17 6 13 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 1 story—plus basement 28 9 21 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 27 8 20 6 16 6 13 6 12 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—with crawl space 32 11 24 7 19 6 16 6 14 6 12 6
50 psf 2 story—plus basement 38 14 28 9 23 6 19 6 16 6 14 6
50 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 35 13 27 8 21 6 18 6 15 6 13 6
50 psf 3 story—with crawl space 41 15 31 10 24 7 20 6 17 6 15 6
50 psf 3 story—plus basement 47 18 35 12 28 9 23 7 20 6 17 6
70 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 19 6 14 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—with crawl space 25 7 18 6 15 6 12 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 1 story—plus basement 30 10 23 6 18 6 15 6 13 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 29 9 22 6 17 6 14 6 12 6 12 6
70 psf 2 story—with crawl space 34 12 26 8 21 6 17 6 15 6 13 6
70 psf 2 story—plus basement 40 15 30 10 24 7 20 6 17 6 15 6
70 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 38 14 28 9 23 6 19 6 16 6 14 6
70 psf 3 story—with crawl space 43 16 32 11 26 8 21 6 18 6 16 6
70 psf 3 story—plus basement 49 19 37 13 29 10 24 7 21 6 18 6

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m 2 . a. Interpolation allowed. Extrapolation is not allowed. b. Based on 32-foot-wide house with load-bearing center wall that carries half of the tributary attic, and floor framing. For every 2 feet of adjustment to the width

of the house add or subtract 2 inches of footing width and 1 inch of footing thickness (but not less than 6 inches thick).

146 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

148 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

150 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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R403.1.3.2 Masonry stem walls with concrete foot- ings. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 where a masonry stem wall is supported on a concrete footing, not fewer than one No. 4 vertical bar shall be installed at not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center. The vertical bar shall have a standard hook and extend to the bottom of the footing and shall have support and cover as specified in Section R403.1.3.5.3 and extend not less than 14 inches (357 mm) into the stem wall. Standard hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5. Not fewer than one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the wall and one No. 4 horizontal bar shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from the bottom of the footing. Masonry stem walls shall be solid grouted.

R403.1.3.3 Slabs-on-ground with turned-down foot- ings. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2, slabs-on-ground cast monolithically with turned-down footings shall have not fewer than one No. 4 bar at the top and the bottom of the footing or one No. 5 bar or two No. 4 bars in the middle third of the footing depth.

Where the slab is not cast monolithically with the footing, No. 3 or larger vertical dowels with standard hooks on each end shall be installed at not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center in accordance with Figure R403.1.3, Detail 2. Standard hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5.

R403.1.3.4 Interior bearing and braced wall panel footings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2, interior footings supporting bearing walls or braced wall panels, and cast monolithically with a slab on grade, shall extend to a depth of not less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the top of the slab.

R403.1.3.5 Reinforcement. Footing and stem wall reinforcement shall comply with Sections R403.1.3.5.1 through R403.1.3.5.4.

R403.1.3.5.1 Steel reinforcement. Steel reinforcement shall comply with the requirements of ASTM A615, A706 or A996. ASTM A996 bars produced from rail steel shall be Type R. The minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi (Grade 40) (276 MPa).

R403.1.3.5.2 Location of reinforcement in wall. The center of vertical reinforcement in stem walls shall be located at the centerline of the wall. Horizontal and vertical reinforcement shall be located in footings and stem walls to provide the minimum cover required by Section R403.1.3.5.3.

R403.1.3.5.3 Support and cover. Reinforcement shall be secured in the proper location in the forms with tie wire or other bar support system to prevent displacement during the concrete placement operation. Steel reinforcement in concrete cast against the earth shall have a minimum cover of 3 inches (75 mm). Minimum cover for reinforcement in concrete cast in removable forms that will be exposed to the earth or weather shall be 1 1 /2 inches (38 mm) for No.

FOUNDATIONS

5 bars and smaller, and 2 inches (50 mm) for No. 6 bars and larger. For concrete cast in removable forms that will not be exposed to the earth or weather, and for concrete cast in stay-in-place forms, minimum cover shall be 3 /4 inch (19 mm).

R403.1.3.5.4 Lap splices. Vertical and horizontal reinforcement shall be the longest lengths practical. Where splices are necessary in reinforcement, the length of lap splice shall be in accordance with Table R608.5.4.(1) and Figure R608.5.4(1). The maximum gap between noncontact parallel bars at a lap splice shall not exceed the smaller of one-fifth the required lap length and 6 inches (152 mm) [see Figure R608.5.4(1)].

R403.1.3.6 Isolated concrete footings. In detached one- and two-family dwellings that are three stories or less in height and constructed with stud bearing walls, isolated plain concrete footings supporting columns or pedestals are permitted.

R403.1.4 Minimum depth. Exterior footings shall be placed not less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the undisturbed ground surface. Where applicable, the depth of footings shall also conform to Sections R403.1.4.1 through R403.1.4.2.

R403.1.4.1 Frost protection. Except where otherwise protected from frost, foundation walls, piers and other permanent supports of buildings and structures shall be protected from frost by one or more of the following methods:

  1. Extended below the frost line specified in Table R301.2.(1).

  2. Constructed in accordance with Section R403.3.

  3. Constructed in accordance with ASCE 32.

  4. Erected on solid rock.

Footings shall not bear on frozen soil unless the frozen condition is permanent.

Exceptions:

  1. Protection of free-standing accessory structures with an area of 600 square feet (56 m 2 ) or less, of light-frame construction, with an eave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be required.

  2. Protection of free-standing accessory structures with an area of 400 square feet (37 m 2 ) or less, of other than light-frame construction, with an eave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be required.

  3. Decks not supported by a dwelling need not be provided with footings that extend below the frost line.

R403.1.5 Slope. The top surface of footings shall be level. The bottom surface of footings shall not have a slope exceeding one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). Footings shall be stepped where it is necessary to change the elevation of the top surface of the footings or

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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where the slope of the bottom surface of the footings will exceed one unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope).

R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage. Wood sill plates and wood walls supported directly on continuous foundations shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.

Cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored directly to the foundation or fastened to wood sill plates in accordance with Section R505.3.1 or R603.3.1, as applicable. Wood sill plates supporting cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.

Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic slabs, wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall be anchored to the foundation with minimum 1 /2-inchdiameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts spaced not greater than 6 feet (1829 mm) on center or approved anchors or anchor straps spaced as required to provide equivalent anchorage to 1 /2-inch-diameter (12.7 mm) anchor bolts. Bolts shall extend not less than 7 inches (178 mm) into concrete or grouted cells of concrete masonry units. The bolts shall be located in the middle third of the width of the plate. A nut and washer shall be tightened on each anchor bolt. There shall be not fewer than two bolts per plate section with one bolt located not more than 12 inches (305 mm) or less than seven bolt diameters from each end of the plate section. Interior bearing wall sole plates on monolithic slab foundation that are not part of a braced wall panel shall be positively anchored with approved fasteners. Sill plates and sole plates shall be protected against decay and termites where required by Sections R317 and R318.

Exceptions:

  1. Walls 24 inches (610 mm) total length or shorter connecting offset braced wall panels shall be anchored to the foundation with not fewer than one anchor bolt located in the center third of the plate section and shall be attached to adjacent braced wall panels at corners as shown in Item 9 of Table R602.3(1).

  2. Connection of walls 12 inches (305 mm) total length or shorter connecting offset braced wall panels to the foundation without anchor bolts shall be permitted. The wall shall be attached to adjacent braced wall panels at corners as shown in Item 9 of Table R602.3(1).

R403.1.6.1 Foundation anchorage in Seismic Design Categories C, D0, D1 and D2. In addition to the requirements of Section R403.1.6, the following requirements shall apply to wood light-frame structures in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 and wood light-frame townhouses in Seismic Design Category C.

  1. Plate washers conforming to Section R602.11.1 shall be provided for all anchor bolts over the full length of required braced wall lines except where approved anchor straps are used. Properly sized

cut washers shall be permitted for anchor bolts in wall lines not containing braced wall panels.

  1. Interior braced wall plates shall have anchor bolts spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) on center and located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the ends of each plate section where supported on a continuous foundation.

  2. Interior bearing wall sole plates shall have anchor bolts spaced at not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) on center and located within 12 inches (305 mm) of the ends of each plate section where supported on a continuous foundation.

  3. The maximum anchor bolt spacing shall be 4 feet (1219 mm) for buildings over two stories in height.

  4. Stepped cripple walls shall conform to Section R602.11.2.

  5. Where continuous wood foundations in accordance with Section R404.2 are used, the force transfer shall have a capacity equal to or greater than the connections required by Section R602.11.1 or the braced wall panel shall be connected to the wood foundations in accordance with the braced wall panel-to-floor fastening requirements of Table R602.3(1).

R403.1.7 Footings on or adjacent to slopes. The placement of buildings and structures on or adjacent to slopes steeper than one unit vertical in three units horizontal (33.3-percent slope) shall conform to Sections R403.1.7.1 through R403.1.7.4.

R403.1.7.1 Building clearances from ascending slopes. In general, buildings below slopes shall be set a sufficient distance from the slope to provide protection from slope drainage, erosion and shallow failures. Except as provided in Section R403.1.7.4 and Figure R403.1.7.1, the following criteria will be assumed to provide this protection. Where the existing slope is steeper than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100percent slope), the toe of the slope shall be assumed to be at the intersection of a horizontal plane drawn from the top of the foundation and a plane drawn tangent to the slope at an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal. Where a retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the slope, the height of the slope shall be measured from the top of the wall to the top of the slope.

R403.1.7.2 Footing setback from descending slope surfaces. Footings on or adjacent to slope surfaces shall be founded in material with an embedment and setback from the slope surface sufficient to provide vertical and lateral support for the footing without detrimental settlement. Except as provided for in Section R403.1.7.4 and Figure R403.1.7.1, the following setback is deemed adequate to meet the criteria. Where the slope is steeper than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100-percent slope), the required setback shall be measured from an imaginary plane 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal, projected upward from the toe of the slope.

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

R403.1.7.3 Foundation elevation. On graded sites, the top of any exterior foundation shall extend above the elevation of the street gutter at point of discharge or the inlet of an approved drainage device not less than 12 inches (305 mm) plus 2 percent. Alternate elevations are permitted subject to the approval of the building official, provided that it can be demonstrated that required drainage to the point of discharge and away from the structure is provided at all locations on the site.

R403.1.7.4 Alternate setbacks and clearances. Alter mendation of a qualified engineer to demonstrate that the intent of this section has been satisfied. Such an investigation shall include consideration of material, height of slope, slope gradient, load intensity and erosion characteristics of slope material.

R403.1.8 Foundations on expansive soils. Foundation and floor slabs for buildings located on expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with Section 1808.6 of the California Building Code .

Exception: Slab-on-ground and other foundation systems that have performed adequately in soil conditions similar to those encountered at the building site are permitted subject to the approval of the building official.

R403.1.8.1 Expansive soils classifications. Soils meeting all of the following provisions shall be considered to be expansive, except that tests to show compliance with Items 1, 2 and 3 shall not be required if the test prescribed in Item 4 is conducted:

  1. Plasticity Index (PI) of 15 or greater, determined in accordance with ASTM D4318.

  2. More than 10 percent of the soil particles pass a No. 200 sieve (75 µm), determined in accordance with ASTM D422.

  3. More than 10 percent of the soil particles are less than 5 micrometers in size, determined in accordance with ASTM D422.

  4. Expansion Index greater than 20, determined in accordance with ASTM D4829.

R403.2 Footings for wood foundations.

Footings for wood foundations shall be in accordance with Figures R403.1(2)

and R403.1(3). Gravel shall be washed and well graded. The maximum size stone shall not exceed 3 /4 inch (19.1 mm). Gravel shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Sand shall be coarse, not smaller than 1 /16-inch (1.6 mm) grains and shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed stone shall have a maximum size of 1 /2 inch (12.7 mm).

R403.3 Frost-protected shallow foundations.

For buildings where the monthly mean temperature of the building is maintained at not less than 64°F (18°C), footings are not required to extend below the frost line where protected from frost by

for unheated spaces such as porches, utility rooms, garages and carports, and shall not be attached to basements or crawl spaces that are not maintained at a minimum monthly mean temperature of 64°F (18°C).

Materials used below grade for the purpose of insulating footings against frost shall be labeled as complying with ASTM C578.

R403.3.1 Foundations adjoining frost-protected shal- low foundations. Foundations that adjoin frost-protected shallow foundations shall be protected from frost in accordance with Section R403.1.4.

R403.3.1.1 Attachment to unheated slab-on-ground structure. Vertical wall insulation and horizontal insulation of frost-protected shallow foundations that adjoin a slab-on-ground foundation that does not have a monthly mean temperature maintained at not less than 64°F (18°C) shall be in accordance with Figure R403.3(3) and Table R403.3(1). Vertical wall insulation shall extend between the frost-protected shallow foundation and the adjoining slab foundation. Required horizontal insulation shall be continuous under the adjoining slab foundation and through any foundation walls adjoining the frost- protected shallow foundation. Where insulation passes through a foundation wall, it shall be either of a type complying with this section and having bearing capacity equal to or greater than the structural loads imposed by the building, or the building shall be designed and constructed using beams, lintels, cantilevers or other means of transferring building loads such that the structural loads of the building do not bear on the insulation.

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(1) MINIMUM FOOTING DEPTH AND INSULATION REQUIREMENTS FOR FROST-PROTECTED FOOTINGS IN HEATED BUILDINGS a

AIR FREEZING
INDEX
(°F-days)b		 MINIMUM FOOTING
DEPTH, D
(inches)		 VERTICAL
INSULATION
R-VALUEc, d		 HORIZONTAL INSULATION
R-VALUEc, e		 HORIZONTAL INSULATION DIMENSIONS
PER FIGURE R403.3(1) (inches)
AIR FREEZING
INDEX
(°F-days)b		 MINIMUM FOOTING
DEPTH, D
(inches)		 VERTICAL
INSULATION
R-VALUEc, d		 Along walls At corners A B C
1,500 or less 12 4.5 Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required
2,000 14 5.6 Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required
2,500 16 6.7 1.7 4.9 12 24 40
3,000 16 7.8 6.5 8.6 12 24 40
3,500 16 9.0 8.0 11.2 24 30 60
4,000 16 10.1 10.5 13.1 24 36 60

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8. a. Insulation requirements are for protection against frost damage in heated buildings. Greater values could be required to meet energy conservation standards. b. See Figure R403.3(2) or Table R403.3(2) for Air Freezing Index values. c. Insulation materials shall provide the stated minimum R -values under long-term exposure to moist, below-ground conditions in freezing climates. The

following R -values shall be used to determine insulation thicknesses required for this application: Type II expanded polystyrene (EPS)-3.2 R per inch for vertical insulation and 2.6 R per inch for horizontal insulation; Type IX expanded polystyrene (EPS)-3.4 R per inch for vertical insulation and 2.8 R per inch for horizontal insulation; Types IV, V, VI, VII, and X extruded polystyrene (XPS)-4.5 R per inch for vertical insulation and 4.0 R per inch for horizontal insulation. d. Vertical insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation. e. Horizontal insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation.

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FOUNDATIONS

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2) AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY
STATE AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX
STATE 1500 or less 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Alabama All counties — — — — —
Alaska Ketchikan
Gateway,
Prince of Wales-
Outer Ketchikan
(CA), Sitka,
Wrangell-
Petersburg (CA)		 — Aleutians West (CA),
Haines, Juneau,
Skagway-Hoonah-
Angoon (CA), Yakutat		 — — All counties
not listed
Arizona All counties — — — — —
Arkansas All counties — — — — —
California All counties
not listed		 Nevada, Sierra — — — —
Colorado All counties
not listed		 Archuleta, Custer,
Fremont, Huerfano,
Las Animas, Ouray,
Pitkin, San Miguel		 Clear Creek, Conejos,
Costilla, Dolores, Eagle,
La Plata, Park, Routt,
San Juan, Summit		 Alamosa, Grand,
Jackson, Larimer,
Moffat,
Rio Blanco,
Rio Grande		 Chaffee, Gunnison,
Lake, Saguache		 Hinsdale,
Mineral
Connecticut All counties
not listed		 Hartford,
Litchfield		 — — — —
Delaware All counties — — — — —
District of
Columbia		 All counties — — — — —
Florida All counties — — — — —
Georgia All counties — — — — —
Hawaii All counties — — — — —
Idaho All counties
not listed		 Adams, Bannock, Blaine,
Clearwater, Idaho,
Lincoln, Oneida, Power,
Valley, Washington		 Bingham,
Bonneville, Camas,
Caribou, Elmore,
Franklin, Jefferson,
Madison, Teton		 Bear Lake, Butte,
Custer, Fremont,
Lemhi		 Clark —
Illinois All counties
not listed		 Boone, Bureau, Cook,
Dekalb, DuPage, Fulton,
Grundy, Henderson,
Henry, Iroquois,
Jo Daviess, Kane,
Kankakee, Kendall,
Knox, La Salle, Lake,
Lee, Livingston,
Marshall, Mason,
McHenry, McLean,
Mercer, Peoria, Putnam,
Rock Island,
Stark, Tazewell, Warren,
Whiteside, Will,
Woodford		 Carroll, Ogle,
Stephenson,
Winnebago		 — — —
Indiana All counties
not listed		 Allen, Benton, Cass,
Fountain, Fulton,
Howard, Jasper,
Kosciusko, La Porte,
Lake, Marshall, Miami,
Newton, Porter, Pulaski,
Starke, Steuben, Tippeca-
noe, Tipton, Wabash,
Warren, White		 — — — —

(continued)

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)—continued AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY
STATE AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX
STATE 1500 or less 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Iowa Appanoose,
Davis,
Fremont, Lee,
Van Buren		 All counties
not listed		 Allamakee, Black
Hawk, Boone, Bremer,
Buchanan, Buena Vista,
Butler, Calhoun,
Cerro Gordo, Cherokee,
Chickasaw, Clay,
Clayton, Delaware,
Dubuque, Fayette,
Floyd, Franklin,
Grundy, Hamilton,
Hancock, Hardin,
Humboldt, Ida,
Jackson, Jasper, Jones,
Linn, Marshall,
Palo Alto, Plymouth,
Pocahontas, Powesh-
iek, Sac, Sioux, Story,
Tama, Webster,
Winnebago, Woodbury,
Worth, Wright		 Dickinson,
Emmet, Howard,
Kossuth, Lyon,
Mitchell,
O'Brien,
Osceola,
Winneshiek		 — —
Kansas All counties — — — — —
Kentucky All counties — — — — —
Louisiana All counties — — — — —
Maine York Knox, Lincoln,
Sagadahoc		 Androscoggin,
Cumberland, Hancock,
Kennebec, Waldo,
Washington		 Aroostook,
Franklin, Oxford,
Penobscot,
Piscataquis,
Somerset		 — —
Maryland All counties — — — — —
Massachusetts All counties
not listed		 Berkshire, Franklin,
Hampden,
Worcester		 — — — —
Michigan Berrien,
Branch, Cass,
Kalamazoo,
Macomb, Ottawa,
St. Clair,
St. Joseph		 All counties
not listed		 Alger, Charlevoix,
Cheboygan, Chippewa,
Crawford, Delta,
Emmet, Iosco,
Kalkaska, Lake, Luce,
Mackinac, Menominee,
Missaukee,
Montmorency,
Ogemaw, Osceola,
Otsego, Roscommon,
Schoolcraft, Wexford		 Baraga,
Dickinson, Iron,
Keweenaw,
Marquette		 Gogebic,
Houghton,
Ontonagon		 —
Minnesota — — Houston, Winona All counties
not listed		 Aitkin,
Big Stone,
Carlton,
Crow Wing,
Douglas, Itasca,
Kanabec, Lake,
Morrison, Pine,
Pope, Stearns,
Stevens, Swift,
Todd, Wadena		 Becker,
Beltrami, Cass,
Clay, Clearwater,
Grant, Hubbard,
Kittson,
Koochiching,
Lake of the Woods,
Mahnomen,
Marshall, Norman,
Otter Tail,
Pennington, Polk,
Red Lake, Roseau,
St. Louis, Traverse,
Wilkin

(continued)

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)—continued AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY
STATE AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX
STATE 1500 or less 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Mississippi All counties — — — — —
Missouri All counties
not listed		 Atchison, Mercer,
Nodaway, Putnam		 — — — —
Montana Mineral Broadwater,
Golden Valley,
Granite, Lake,
Lincoln,
Missoula,
Ravalli, Sanders,
Sweet Grass		 Big Horn, Carbon,
Jefferson,
Judith Basin,
Lewis and Clark,
Meagher,
Musselshell,
Powder River,
Powell, Silver Bow,
Stillwater,
Westland		 Carter, Cascade,
Deer Lodge,
Falcon, Fergus,
Flathead, Gallanting,
Glacier, Madison,
Park, Petroleum,
Ponder, Rosebud,
Teton, Treasure,
Yellowstone		 Beaverhead,
Blaine,
Chouteau, Custer,
Dawson, Garfield,
Liberty, McCone,
Prairie, Toole,
Wibaux		 Daniels, Hill,
Phillips, Richland,
Roosevelt,
Sheridan, Valley
Nebraska Adams, Banner,
Chase, Cheyenne,
Clay, Deuel, Dundy,
Fillmore, Franklin,
Frontier, Furnas,
Gage, Garden,
Gosper, Harlan,
Hayes, Hitchcock,
Jefferson, Kimball,
Morrill, Nemaha,
Nuckolls, Pawnee,
Perkins, Phelps,
Red Willow,
Richardson, Saline,
Scotts Bluff, Seward,
Thayer, Webster		 All counties
not listed		 Boyd, Burt, Cedar,
Cuming, Dakota,
Dixon, Dodge,
Knox, Thurston		 — — —
Nevada All counties
not listed		 Elko, Eureka,
Nye, Washoe,
White Pine		 — — — —
New
Hampshire		 — All counties
not listed		 — — — Carroll, Coos,
Grafton
New Jersey All counties — — — — —
New Mexico All counties
not listed		 Rio Arriba Colfax, Mora, Taos — — —
New York Albany, Bronx,
Cayuga, Columbia,
Cortland, Dutchess,
Genessee, Kings,
Livingston, Monroe,
Nassau, New York,
Niagara, Onondaga,
Ontario, Orange,
Orleans, Putnam,
Queens, Richmond,
Rockland, Seneca,
Suffolk, Wayne,
Westchester, Yates		 All counties
not listed		 Clinton, Essex,
Franklin, Hamilton,
Herkimer,
Jefferson, Lewis,
St. Lawrence,
Warren		 — — —
North
Carolina		 All counties — — — — —

(continued)

158 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)—continued AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY
STATE AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX
STATE 1500 or less 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
North
Dakota		 — — — Billings,
Bowman		 Adams, Dickey,
Golden Valley, Het-
tinger, LaMoure,
Oliver, Ransom,
Sargent, Sioux,
Slope, Stark		 All counties
not listed
Ohio All counties not
listed		 Ashland, Crawford,
Defiance, Holmes,
Huron, Knox,
Licking, Morrow,
Paulding, Putnam,
Richland, Seneca,
Williams		 — — — —
Oklahoma All counties — — — — —
Oregon All counties
not listed		 Baker, Crook, Grant,
Harney		 — — — —
Pennsylvania All counties
not listed		 Berks, Blair,
Bradford, Cambria,
Cameron, Centre,
Clarion, Clearfield,
Clinton, Crawford,
Elk, Forest,
Huntingdon,
Indiana, Jefferson,
Lackawanna,
Lycoming, McKean,
Pike, Potter,
Susquehanna, Tioga,
Venango, Warren,
Wayne, Wyoming		 — — — —
Rhode Island All counties — — — — —
South
Carolina		 All counties — — — — —
South Dakota — Bennett, Custer,
Fall River,
Lawrence, Mellette,
Shannon, Todd,
Tripp		 Bon Homme,
Charles Mix,
Davison, Douglas,
Gregory, Jackson,
Jones, Lyman		 All counties
not listed		 Beadle, Brookings,
Brown, Campbell,
Codington, Corson,
Day, Deuel,
Edmunds, Faulk,
Grant, Hamlin,
Kingsbury,
Marshall,
McPherson,
Perkins, Roberts,
Spink, Walworth		 —
Tennessee All counties — — — — —
Texas All counties — — — — —
Utah All counties
not listed		 Box Elder,
Morgan, Weber		 Garfield, Salt Lake,
Summit		 Carbon, Daggett,
Duchesne, Rich,
Sanpete, Uintah,
Wasatch		 — —

(continued)

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

TABLE R403.3(2)—continued AIR-FREEZING INDEX FOR U.S. LOCATIONS BY COUNTY
STATE AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX AIR-FREEZING INDEX
STATE 1500 or less 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Vermont — Bennington,
Grand Isle, Rut-
land, Windham		 Addison,
Chittenden,
Franklin, Orange,
Washington,
Windsor		 Caledonia, Essex,
Lamoille, Orleans		 — —
Virginia All counties — — — — —
Washington All counties
not listed		 Chelan, Douglas,
Ferry, Okanogan		 — — — —
West
Virginia		 All counties — — — — —
Wisconsin — Kenosha,
Kewaunee, Racine,
Sheboygan,
Walworth		 All counties
not listed		 Ashland, Barron,
Burnett, Chippewa,
Clark, Dunn,
Eau Claire,
Florence, Forest,
Iron, Jackson,
La Crosse,
Langlade,
Marathon, Monroe,
Pepin, Polk,
Portage, Price, Rust,
St. Croix, Taylor,
Trempealeau,
Vilas, Wood		 Bayfield, Douglas,
Lincoln, Oneida,
Sawyer, Washburn		 —
Wyoming Goshen, Platte Converse, Crook,
Laramie, Niobrara		 Campbell, Carbon,
Hot Springs,
Johnson, Natrona,
Sheridan, Uinta,
Weston		 Albany, Big Horn,
Park, Washakie		 Fremont, Teton Lincoln,
Sublette,
Sweetwater

160 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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100735044

FOUNDATIONS

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

FOUNDATIONS

LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 4000 Wall width (inches) 12 Conventional light-frame construction 4 17 4 17 4 17 4-inch brick veneer over light-frame or 8-inch hollow concrete masonry 4 17 4 17 4 17 8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry 4 17 4 17 4 17
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 4000 Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 6 17
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 4000 Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 4 13 4 13 13 4 13 4 13 4 13 13 4 13 4 13 7 17
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3500 Wall width (inches) 12 12 4 17 4 17 4 17 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 17 4 17 4 17 6 19
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3500 Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 8 20
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3500 Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 4 13 4 13 13 4 13 4 13 5 14 14 4 13 4 13 9 19
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3000 GP, GWc Wall width (inches) 12 12 4 17 4 17 4 17 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 17 4 17 4 17 8 22
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3000 GP, GWc Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 6 17 17 4 15 4 15 10 22
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 3000 GP, GWc Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 4 13 4 13 13 4 13 4 13 7 17 17 4 13 6 15 12 22
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2500 Wall width (inches) 12 12 4 17 4 17 4 17 17 4 17 4 17 7 21 21 4 17 5 18 12 26
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2500 Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 4 15 15 4 15 4 15 8 20 20 4 15 7 19 14 27
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2500 Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 4 13 6 15 15 4 13 5 14 10 20 20 4 13 9 19 16 27
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2000 SC, GC, SM, GM, SP, SWc Wall width (inches) 12 12 4 17 4 17 5 18 18 4 17 4 17 11 25 25 4 17 9 23 18 33
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2000 SC, GC, SM, GM, SP, SWc Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 7 19 19 4 15 6 17 13 26 26 4 15 11 23 19 32
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 2000 SC, GC, SM, GM, SP, SWc Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 4 13 9 19 19 4 13 8 18 14 25 25 4 13 12 22 21 33
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 1500 MH, CH, CL, MLc Wall width (inches) 12 12 4 17 4 17 10 24 24 4 17 9 23 18 33 33 4 17 15 30 27 44
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 1500 MH, CH, CL, MLc Wall width (inches) 10 10 4 15 4 15 12 24 24 4 15 11 23 20 34 34 6 17 17 30 29 44
LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf) 1500 MH, CH, CL, MLc Wall width (inches) 8 8 4 13 6 15 14 25 25 4 13 12 22 21 33 33 7 17 19 30 30 43
DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 DEPTH (D)
AND WIDTH
(W)		 D W D W D W W D W D W D W W D W D W D W
UNIFORM
WALL
LOAD		 UNIFORM
WALL
LOAD		 UNIFORM
WALL
LOAD		 UNIFORM
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LOAD		 UNIFORM
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WALL
LOAD		 1100 plf 1100 plf 1800 plf 1800 plf 2900 plf 2900 plf 2900 plf 1500 plf 1500 plf 2700 plf 2700 plf 4000 plf 4000 plf 4000 plf 2000 plf 2000 plf 3600 plf 3600 plf 5300 plf 5300 plf
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STORIES		 1-story 1-story 2-story 2-story 3-story 3-story 3-story 1-story 1-story 2-story 2-story 3-story 3-story 3-story 1-story 1-story 2-story 2-story 3-story 3-story

162 2019 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

R403.3.1.2 Attachment to heated structure. Where a frost-protected shallow foundation abuts a structure that has a monthly mean temperature maintained at not less than 64°F (18°C), horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall not be required between the frost-protected shallow foundation and the adjoining structure. Where the frost-protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure, the horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall extend along the adjoining foundation in accordance with Figure R403.3(4) a distance of not less than Dimension A in Table R403.3(1).

Exception: Where the frost-protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure to form an inside corner, vertical insulation extending along the adjoining foundation is not required.

R403.3.2 Protection of horizontal insulation below ground. Horizontal insulation placed less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the ground surface or that portion of horizontal insulation extending outward more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the foundation edge shall be protected against damage by use of a concrete slab or asphalt paving on the ground surface directly above the insulation or by cementitious board, plywood rated for below-ground use, or other approved materials placed below ground, directly above the top surface of the insulation.

or into an approved sewer system.

FOUNDATIONS

R403.3.4 Termite protection. The use of foam plastic in areas of “very heavy” termite infestation probability shall be in accordance with Section R318.4.

R403.4 Footings for precast concrete foundations.

Footings for precast concrete foundations shall comply with Section R403.4.

R403.4.1 Crushed stone footings. Clean crushed stone shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed stone shall be angular in nature and meet ASTM C33, with the maximum size stone not to exceed 1 /2 inch (12.7 mm) and the minimum stone size not to be smaller than 1 /16 inch (1.6 mm). Crushed stone footings for precast foundations shall be installed in accordance with Figure R403.4(1) and Table R403.4. Crushed stone footings shall be consolidated using a vibratory plate in not greater than 8-inch (203 mm) lifts. Crushed stone footings shall be limited to Seismic Design Categories A, B and C.

R403.4.2 Concrete footings. Concrete footings shall be installed in accordance with Section R403.1 and Figure R403.4(2).

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▸Contents — California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
  1. Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
  2. Chapter 1 — SCOPE AND APPLICATION
  3. Chapter 3 — BUILDING PLANNING
  4. ▸Chapter 4 — FOUNDATIONS
    Overview
    1. Section R401
    2. Section R402
    3. Section R403
    4. Section R404
    5. Section R405
    6. Section R406
    7. Section R407
    8. Section R408
  5. Chapter 5 — FLOORS
  6. Chapter 6 — WALL CONSTRUCTION
  7. Chapter 7 — WALL COVERING
  8. Chapter 8 — ROOF-CEILING CONSTRUCTION
  9. Chapter 9 — ROOF ASSEMBLIES
  10. Chapter 10 — CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES
  11. Chapter 44 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  12. Appendix F — RADON CONTROL METHODS
  13. Appendix H — PATIO COVERS
  14. Appendix I — PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
  15. Appendix J — EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
  16. Appendix K — SOUND TRANSMISSION
  17. Appendix L — PERMIT FEES
  18. Appendix O — AUTOMATIC VEHICULAR GATES
  19. Appendix Q — TINY HOUSES
  20. Appendix R — LIGHT STRAW-CLAY CONSTRUCTION
  21. Appendix S — STRAWBALE CONSTRUCTION
  22. Appendix T — SOLAR-READY PROVISIONS—DETACHED ONE- AND
  23. Appendix V — SWIMMING POOL SAFETY ACT
  24. Appendix W — AREAS PROTECTED BY THE FACILITIES
  25. Appendix X — EMERGENCY HOUSING

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