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Chapter 3 — BUILDING PLANNING

Section R324 — GLAZING

2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5) · 2025 edition · updated 2026-07-29 · California

Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.

R324.1 Identification.

Except as indicated in Section R324.1.1 each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as defined in Section R324.4 shall be provided with a manufacturer’s designation specifying who applied the designation, the type of glass and the safety glazing standard with which it complies, and that is visible in the final installation. The designation shall be acid etched, sand

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blasted, ceramic-fired, laser etched, embossed, or be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without being destroyed. A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer’s designations.

Exceptions:

  1. For other than tempered glass, manufacturer’s designations are not required provided that the building official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or other evidence confirming compliance with this code.
  2. Tempered spandrel glass is permitted to be identified by the manufacturer with a removable paper designation.

R324.1.1 Identification of multiple assemblies. Multipane assemblies having individual panes not exceeding 1 square foot (0.09 m [2] ) in exposed area shall have not less than one pane in the assembly identified in accordance with Section R324.1. Other panes in the assembly shall be labeled “CPSC 16 CFR 1201” or “ANSI Z97.1” as appropriate.

R324.2 Louvered windows or jalousies.

Regular, float, wired or patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows shall be not less than nominal [3] / 16 inch (5 mm) thick and not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length. Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.

R324.2.1 Wired glass prohibited. Wired glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in jalousies or louvered windows.

R324.3 Human impact loads.

Individual glazed areas, including glass mirrors in hazardous locations such as those indicated as defined in Section R324.4, shall pass the test requirements of Section R324.3.1.

Exceptions:

  1. Louvered windows and jalousies shall comply with Section R324.2.
  2. Mirrors and other glass panels mounted or hung on a surface that provides a continuous backing support.
  3. Glass unit masonry complying with Section R607.

R324.3.1 Impact test. Where required by other sections of the code, glazing shall be tested in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR 1201. Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Category II unless otherwise indicated in Table R324.3.1(1).

Exception: Glazing not in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs and showers shall be permitted to be tested in accordance with ANSI Z97.1. Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Class A unless otherwise indicated in Table R324.3.1(2).

TABLE R324.3.1(1)—MINIMUM CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING USING CPSC 16 CFR 1201

** EXPOSED**
SURFACE AREA
OF ONE SIDE
OF ONE LITE		 ** GLAZING IN**
STORM OR
COMBINATION
DOORS
(Category Class)		 ** GLAZING IN**
DOORS
(Category Class)		 ** GLAZED PANELS**
REGULATED BY
SECTION R324.4.3
(Category Class)		 ** GLAZED PANELS**
REGULATED BY
SECTION R324.4.2
(Category Class)		 ** GLAZING IN**
DOORS AND
ENCLOSURES
REGULATED
** BY SECTION**
R324.4.5
(Category Class)		 ** SLIDING**
GLASS DOORS
PATIO TYPE
(Category Class)
9 square feet or
less		 I I NR I II II
More than 9
square feet		 II II II II II II
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
NR = No Requirement.

TABLE R324.3.1(2)—MINIMUM CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING USING ANSI Z97.1

** EXPOSED SURFACE AREA OF**
ONE SIDE OF ONE LITE		 ** GLAZED PANELS REGULATED**
BY SECTION R324.4.3
(Category Class)		 ** GLAZED PANELS REGULATED**
BY SECTION R324.4.2
(Category Class)		 ** DOORS AND ENCLOSURES**
REGULATED BY SECTION R324.4.5
a(Category Class)
9 square feet or less No requirement B A
More than 9 square feet A A A
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.

R324.4 Hazardous locations.

The locations specified in Sections R324.4.1 through R324.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous locations for the purposes of glazing.

R324.4.1 Glazing in doors. Glazing in fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

Exceptions:

  1. Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to pass.
  2. Decorative glazing.

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R324.4.2 Glazing adjacent to doors. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door shall be considered to be a hazardous location where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the floor or walking surface and it meets either of the following conditions:

  1. Where the glazing is within 24 inches (610 mm) of either side of the door in the plane of the door in a closed position.
  2. Where the glazing is on a wall less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad) from the plane of the door in a closed position and within 24 inches (610 mm) of the hinge side of an in-swinging door.

Exceptions:

  1. Decorative glazing.
  2. Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent barrier between the door and the glazing.
  3. Where access through the door is to a closet or storage area 3 feet (914 mm) or less in depth. Glazing in this application shall comply with Section R324.4.3.
  4. Glazing that is adjacent to the fixed panel of patio doors.

R324.4.3 Glazing in windows. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel that meets all of the following conditions shall be considered to be a hazardous location:

  1. The exposed area of an individual pane is larger than 9 square feet (0.836 m [2] ).
  2. The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
  3. The top edge of the glazing is more than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor.
  4. One or more walking surfaces are within 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally and in a straight line, of the glazing.

Exceptions:

  1. Decorative glazing.
  2. Where glazing is adjacent to a walking surface and a horizontal rail is installed 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface. The rail shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50 pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and have a cross-sectional height of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm).
  3. Outboard panes in insulating glass units and other multiple glazed panels where the bottom edge of the glass is 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above grade, a roof, walking surfaces or other horizontal [within 45 degrees (0.79 rad) of horizontal] surface adjacent to the glass exterior.

R324.4.4 Glazing in guards and railings. Glazing in guards and railings, including structural baluster panels and nonstructural infill panels, regardless of area or height above a walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

R324.4.4.1 Structural glass baluster panels. Guards with structural glass baluster panels shall be installed with an attached top rail or handrail. The top rail or handrail shall be supported by not less than three glass baluster panels, or shall be otherwise supported to remain in place should one glass baluster panel fail.

Exception: An attached top rail or handrail is not required where the glass baluster panels are laminated glass with two or more glass plies of equal thickness and of the same glass type.

R324.4.5 Glazing and wet surfaces. Glazing in walls, enclosures or fences containing or adjacent to hot tubs, spas, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs, showers and indoor or outdoor swimming pools where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) measured vertically above any standing or walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location. This shall apply to single glazing and each pane in multiple glazing.

Exception: Glazing that is more than 60 inches (1524 mm), measured horizontally, from the water’s edge of a bathtub, hot tub, spa, whirlpool or swimming pool or from the edge of a shower, sauna or steam room.

R324.4.6 Glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps. Glazing installed where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the plane of the adjacent walking surface of flights of stairs, ramp runs, landings between flights of stairs and landings between ramp runs shall be considered to be in a hazardous location.

Exceptions:

  1. Where glazing is adjacent to a walking surface and a horizontal rail is installed at 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface. The rail shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50 pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and have a cross-sectional height of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm).
  2. Glazing 36 inches (914 mm) or more measured horizontally from the walking surface.

R324.4.7 Glazing adjacent to the bottom stair landing. Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a stairway where the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the landing and within a 60-inch (1524 mm) horizontal arc less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad) from the bottom tread nosing shall be considered to be a hazardous location. (See Figure R324.4.7.)

Exception: Where the glazing is protected by a guard complying with Section R321 and the plane of the glass is more than 18 inches (457 mm) from the guard.

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FIGURE R324.4.7—HAZARDOUS GLAZING LOCATIONS AT BOTTOM STAIR LANDINGS

GLAZING LESS THAN

36 ″ ABOVE LANDINGS

WITHIN THIS AREA ARE

CONSIDERED TO BE IN

LOCATIONS, UNLESS THE EXCEPTION TO

60″
BOTTOM TREAD
NOSING
60″
60″		 60″
LANDING		 60″
LANDING
60″
60″		 S 60″
60″
60″		 T
 T
60″
60″		 A
 A
60″
60″		 I
R		 I
R
60″
60″		 S S

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

R324.5 Site-built windows.

Site-built windows shall comply with Section 2404 of the California Building Code.

R324.6 Skylights and sloped glazing.

Skylights and sloped glazing shall comply with the following sections.

R324.6.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

SKYLIGHT, UNIT.

SKYLIGHTS AND SLOPED GLAZING.

TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD).

R324.6.2 Materials. Glazing materials shall be limited to the following:

  1. Laminated glass with not less than a 0.015-inch (0.38 mm) polyvinyl butyral interlayer for glass panes 16 square feet (1.5 m [2] ) or less in area located such that the highest point of the glass is not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above a walking surface; for higher or larger sizes, the interlayer thickness shall be not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 mm).
  2. Fully tempered glass.
  3. Heat-strengthened glass.
  4. Wired glass.
  5. Approved rigid plastics.

R324.6.3 Screens, general. For fully tempered or heat-strengthened glass, a broken glass retention screen meeting the requirements of Section R324.6.7 shall be installed below the full area of the glass, except for fully tempered glass that meets Condition 1 or 2 listed in Section R324.6.5.

R324.6.4 Screens with multiple glazing. Where the inboard pane is fully tempered, heat-strengthened or wired glass, a broken glass retention screen meeting the requirements of Section R324.6.7 shall be installed below the full area of the glass, except for Condition 1 or 2 listed in Section R324.6.5. Other panes in the multiple glazing shall be of any type listed in Section R324.6.2.

R324.6.5 Screens not required. Screens shall not be required where laminated glass complying with Item 1 of Section R324.6.2 is used as single glazing or the inboard pane in multiple glazing. Screens shall not be required where fully tempered glass is used as single glazing or the inboard pane in multiple glazing and either of the following conditions is met:

  1. The glass area is 16 square feet (1.49 m [2] ) or less; the highest point of glass is not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) above a walking surface; the nominal glass thickness is not more than [3] / 16 inch (4.8 mm); and for multiple glazing only the other pane or panes are fully tempered, laminated or wired glass.
  2. The glass is sloped 30 degrees (0.52 rad) or less from vertical; and the highest point of glass is not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) above a walking surface.

R324.6.6 Glass in greenhouses. Any glazing material is permitted to be installed without screening in the sloped areas of greenhouses, provided that the greenhouse height at the ridge does not exceed 20 feet (6096 mm) above grade.

R324.6.7 Screen characteristics. The screen and its fastenings shall: be capable of supporting twice the weight of the glazing; be firmly and substantially fastened to the framing members; be installed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the glass; and have a mesh opening of not greater than 1 inch by 1 inch (25 mm by 25 mm).

R324.6.8 Curbs for skylights. Unit skylights installed in a roof with a pitch of less than 3 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25percent slope) shall be mounted on a curb extending not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the plane of the roof, unless otherwise specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

R324.6.9 Testing and labeling. Unit skylights and tubular daylighting devices shall be tested by an approved independent laboratory, and bear a label identifying manufacturer, performance grade rating and approved inspection agency to indicate compliance with the requirements of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440.

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R324.6.9.1 Comparative analysis for glass-glazed unit skylights. Structural wind load design pressures for glass-glazed unit skylights different than the size tested in accordance with Section R324.6.9 shall be permitted to be different than the design value of the tested unit where determined in accordance with one of the following comparative analysis methods:

  1. Structural wind load design pressures for glass-glazed unit skylights smaller than the size tested in accordance with Section R324.6.9 shall be permitted to be higher than the design value of the tested unit provided that such higher pressures are determined by accepted engineering analysis. Components of the smaller unit shall be the same as those of the tested unit. Such calculated design pressures shall be validated by an additional test of the glass-glazed unit skylight having the highest allowable design pressure.

  2. In accordance with WDMA I.S.11.

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▸ Contents — 2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
2025 California Residential Code (Title 24, Part 2.5)
  1. Chapter 1 — ADMINISTRATION
  2. Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS
  3. ▸ Chapter 3 — BUILDING PLANNING
    Overview
    1. Section R300 — SITE DRAINAGE
    2. Section R301 — DESIGN CRITERIA
    3. Section R302 — FIRE-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
    4. Section R303 — FOAM PLASTIC
    5. Section R304 — PROTECTION OF WOOD AND WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS AGAI…
    6. Section R305 — PROTECTION AGAINST SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES
    7. Section R306 — FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
    8. Section R307 — STORM SHELTERS
    9. Section R308 — SITE ADDRESS
    10. Section R309 — AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
    11. Section R310 — SMOKE ALARMS
    12. Section R311 — CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS
    13. Section R312 — MINIMUM ROOM AREAS
    14. Section R313 — CEILING HEIGHT
    15. Section R314 — MEZZANINES
    16. Section R315 — SLEEPING LOFTS
    17. Section R316 — HABITABLE ATTICS
    18. Section R317 — GARAGES AND CARPORTS
    19. Section R318 — MEANS OF EGRESS
    20. Section R319 — EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS
    21. Section R320 — HANDRAILS
    22. Section R321 — GUARDS AND WINDOW FALL PROTECTION
    23. Section R322 — ACCESSIBILITY
    24. Section R323 — ELEVATORS AND PLATFORM LIFTS
    25. Section R324 — GLAZING
    26. Section R325 — LIGHT, VENTILATION AND HEATING
    27. Section R326 — SANITATION
    28. Section R327 — TOILET, BATH AND SHOWER SPACES
    29. Section R328 — AGING-IN-PLACE DESIGN AND FALL PREVENTION
    30. Section R329 — SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS
    31. Section R330 — ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
    32. Section R331 — STATIONARY ENGINE GENERATORS
    33. Section R332 — STATIONARY FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS
    34. Section R333 — RESERVED
    35. Section R334 — CONSTRUCTION WASTE REDUCTION, DISPOSAL AND RECY…
    36. Section R335 — SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSED 24-HOUR CARE FA…
    37. Section R336 — LARGE FAMILY DAY-CARE HOMES
    38. Section R337 — MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR…
    39. Section R338 — ELECTRIC VEHICLE
    40. Section 339 — RESERVED
    41. Section R340 — POLLUTANT CONTROL
  4. Chapter 4 — FOUNDATIONS
  5. Chapter 5 — FLOORS
  6. Chapter 6 — WALL CONSTRUCTION
  7. Chapter 7 — WALL COVERING
  8. Chapter 8 — ROOF-CEILING CONSTRUCTION
  9. Chapter 9 — ROOF ASSEMBLIES
  10. Chapter 10 — CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES
  11. Chapter 44 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  12. Appendix AA — BOARD OF APPEALS
  13. Appendix AB — PERMIT FEES
  14. Appendix AC — RESERVED
  15. Appendix BA — RESERVED
  16. Appendix BB — TINY HOUSES
  17. Appendix BC — RESERVED
  18. Appendix BD — RESERVED
  19. Appendix BE — RADON CONTROL METHODS
  20. Appendix BF — PATIO COVERS
  21. Appendix BG — SOUND TRANSMISSION
  22. Appendix BH — AUTOMATIC VEHICULAR GATES
  23. Appendix BI — LIGHT STRAW-CLAY CONSTRUCTION
  24. Appendix BJ — STRAWBALE CONSTRUCTION
  25. Appendix BK — COB CONSTRUCTION (MONOLITHIC ADOBE)
  26. Appendix BL — HEMP-LIME (HEMPCRETE) CONSTRUCTION
  27. Appendix BM — 3D-PRINTED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
  28. Appendix BN — EXTENDED PLATE WALL CONSTRUCTION
  29. Appendix BO — EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
  30. Appendix CA — RESERVED
  31. Appendix CB — RESERVED
  32. Appendix CC — RESERVED
  33. Appendix CD — RESERVED
  34. Appendix CE — RESERVED
  35. Appendix CF — RESERVED
  36. Appendix CG — NONSEWERED SANITATION SYSTEMS
  37. Appendix CH — PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
  38. Appendix CI — SWIMMING POOL SAFETY ACT
  39. Appendix CJ — EMERGENCY HOUSING
  40. Appendix CK — AREAS PROTECTED BY THE FACILITIES OF THE CENTRAL…

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