CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code

Court review, writs of certiorari and when appeals stay enforcement

If you timely appeal a CWUIC notice or order (other than an Imminent Danger notice), that appeal suspends enforcement while the board hears the matter (see § I101.2.2). After the board issues a decision, any person may seek judicial review by applying for a writ of certiorari to correct legal errors (see § I101.8). The appeals board cannot waive code requirements; consult § 112.2 and Appendix I § I101.2.1 for limits and procedure.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

  • An appeal of a notice or order (except an Imminent Danger notice) automatically stays enforcement of that notice or order until the board hears the appeal — § I101.2.2.
  • Any person (whether or not they were a party to the administrative appeal) may seek court review by applying for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law; the application must be made in the manner and time required by law after the board’s decision is filed — § I101.8.
  • The code indexes a separate provision titled § 112.2 — Limitations on authority, but the full substantive text for § 112.2 was not included in the files retrieved (only the table-of-contents entry). I note that Appendix I also contains a “limitation of authority” provision (I101.2.1) that the board may not waive code requirements. Use that appendix text where relevant, and consult the full § 112.2 text at your jurisdiction for any additional limits.

The controlling practical rule: except for Imminent Danger notices, an appellant who timely files an appeal to the board stops enforcement of the underlying notice or order while the appeal is pending; separately, anyone may seek a writ of certiorari in court to challenge legal errors in the board’s decision.

Requirements in detail

Who can appeal and what stays

  • Who may appeal: Any person with standing to the board under the appeals procedure (Appendix I says any person may appeal). (See § I101.2.)
  • Automatic stay on enforcement: An appeal of a notice or order — other than an Imminent Danger notice — stays enforcement of that notice or order until the appeal is heard by the board. (See § I101.2.2.)
  • Imminent Danger exception: Imminent Danger notices are explicitly excluded from the automatic stay; enforcement of those may proceed immediately. (See § I101.2.2.)

Court review (writ of certiorari)

  • Who can apply to court: Any person, whether or not they were a party to the board appeal, may apply for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. (See § I101.8.)
  • Timing and manner: The application for certiorari must be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the board decision in the office of the chief administrative officer — the code defers to applicable court rules/statutes for deadlines and filing procedure. (See § I101.8.)

Limitations on the appeals body

  • Appendix I (and the code table of contents) shows a “Limitations on authority” entry for the main appeals section (§ 112.2). The appendix specifically states the board shall not have authority to waive requirements of the code or to interpret administration (I101.2.1). Because the full text of § 112.2 was not retrieved from the files, do not assume additional authority beyond what is shown; consult the official full text of § 112.2 for final scope.

Quick decision table

Decision-relevant question Typical value / trigger Code reference
Does filing an appeal stay enforcement? Yes, until appeal heard — except Imminent Danger § I101.2.2
Is an Imminent Danger notice stayed by appeal? No — Imminent Danger notices are excluded § I101.2.2
Who may seek court review by certiorari? Any person, whether a prior party or not § I101.8
Remedy sought in court Writ of certiorari (correct legal error) § I101.8
Where to find limits on board authority § 112.2 listed in TOC; Appendix I § I101.2.1 limits (no waivers) § 112.2 (TOC) ; § I101.2.1

Exceptions & special cases

  • Imminent Danger notices: explicitly not stayed by an appeal — enforcement can proceed immediately. (This is the primary categorical exception.) § I101.2.2.
  • Board authority limits: even where an appeal stays enforcement, the board does not have authority to waive code requirements or to interpret administration of the code — consult § 112.2 for the controlling limitations and Appendix I § I101.2.1 for the appendix-level statement. § 112.2 (TOC) and § I101.2.1.
  • Timing for court filings: § I101.8 defers to the court rules and statutory deadlines — the code does not restate court filing deadlines; you must follow the applicable judicial rules for the writ.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming every appeal automatically stops enforcement, including Imminent Danger orders (wrong). The code expressly excludes Imminent Danger notices from the stay. § I101.2.2.
  • Treating the appeals board as able to waive code requirements. Appendix I and the code indicate the board lacks authority to waive code requirements — check § 112.2 and § I101.2.1.
  • Filing a writ in the wrong court or after judicial deadlines — § I101.8 requires the writ be filed “in the manner and time required by law.” Always confirm local court rules.

Worked example — timeline with numbers

Scenario: A property owner receives a Vegetation-Compliance Notice on July 1.

  1. July 1 — Notice served. (Day 0.)
  2. The code (Appendix I) requires an appeal application be filed within 20 days after the notice was served; the owner files the appeal on July 15 (Day 14). (See § I101.2.)
  3. Because the owner filed a timely appeal, enforcement of the notice is stayed while the board considers the appeal — unless the notice was an Imminent Danger notice (it is not in this example). (See § I101.2.2.)
  4. The board holds a hearing and issues a written decision (filed in the office of the chief administrative officer). If a neighbor or other party (or the owner) believes the board made a legal error, that person may apply for a writ of certiorari in the appropriate court within the judicial time and manner required by law following the filing of the board’s decision. (See § I101.8.)

Numeric summary: filing within 20 days preserves the stay (Appendix I); Imminent Danger = no stay; judicial writs governed by court rules, not the CWUIC text beyond § I101.8.

Related provisions (CWUIC)

  • § I101.2 — Application for appeal; filing timeframe (20 days) and grounds.
  • § I101.2.1 — Limitation of authority (board may not waive code requirements).
  • § I101.7 / I101.7.2 — Board decision; administration and effect of the board’s decision (code official shall act in accordance with board decision).
  • § 112 — Means of Appeals (chapter heading; § 112.2 specifically listed as Limitations on authority in the TOC). Note: substantive text of § 112.2 was not included in the retrieved files.
  • Appendix I — Board of Appeals (full appendix text on appeals procedure and limits).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text

    The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX I-1

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    APPENDIX I-2 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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    I BOARD OF APPEALS

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix I contains optional criteria that, where adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 112.

    SECTION I101—GENERAL

    [A] I101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112, Means of Appeals. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the building official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.

    [A] I101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.

    [A] I101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.

    [A] I101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.

    [A] I101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board members’ terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.

    [A] I101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of five individuals, who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to building construction and are not employees of the jurisdiction.

  • CWUIC § 5.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    [A] I101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

    [A] I101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX I-3

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    APPENDIX I—BOARD OF APPEALS

    [A] I101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    [A] I101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    [A] I101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.

    [A] I101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    [A] I101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX I-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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    Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7

    Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1

    Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures

    Defined 202

    Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5

    Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2

    Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104

    Building 202 Building Official 202

    Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4

    Temporary occupancy 111.3

    Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106

    Amended 106.10

  • CWUIC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
    Adopting agency BSC BSC
    -CG    		 SFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting agency BSC BSC
    -CG    		 SFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt entire chapter
    Adopt entire chapter as
    amended (amended
    sections listed below)
    Adopt only those sections
    that are listed below
    Chapter / Section

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX AA-1

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    APPENDIX AA-2 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    AA BOARD OF APPEALS

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically adopted by a state agency or referenced in the adopting ordinance.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix AA provides criteria for Board of Appeals members. Also provided are procedures by which the Board of Appeals should conduct its business.

    SECTION AA101—GENERAL

    AA101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section R112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the building official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.

    AA101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the building official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the building official within 20 days after the notice was served.

    AA101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.

    AA101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.

  • CWUIC § 5.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    AA101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.

    AA101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.

    AA101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the building official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

    AA101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

    AA101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX AA-3

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    APPENDIX AA — BOARD OF APPEALS

    AA101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    AA101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    AA101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the building official within 3 days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the building official.

    AA101.7.2 Administration. The building official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    AA101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX AA-4 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX AB – PERMIT FEES

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

  • CWUIC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE APPENDIX D-1

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    APPENDIX D-2 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

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    D BOARD OF APPEALS

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix D provides criteria for Board of Appeals members. Also provided are procedures by which the Board of Appeals should conduct its business.

    ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the Administrative Code Development Committee during the

    2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.

    SECTION D101—GENERAL

    [A] D101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.

    [A] D101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.

    [A] D101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.

    [A] D101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.

    [A] D101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ INSERT NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board member’s terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.

    [A] D101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of five individuals, who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to building construction and are not employees of the jurisdiction.

    [A] D101.3.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing authority is authorized to appoint two alternate members who shall be called by the board chairperson to hear appeals during the absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate members shall possess the qualifications required for board membership, and shall be appointed for the same term or until a successor has been appointed.

    [A] D101.3.3 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be filled for an unexpired term in the same manner in which original appointments are required to be made.

    [A] D101.3.4 Chairperson. The board shall annually select one of its members to serve as chairperson.

  • CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text
    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Appendix I Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals
    I101.1 Scope N
    I101.2 Application for appeal N
    I101.2.1 Limitation of
    authority    		 N
    I101.2.2 Stays of enforcement N
    I101.3 Membership of board N
    I101.3.1 Qualifications N
    I101.3.2 Alternate members N
    I101.3.3 Vacancies N
    I101.3.4 Chairperson N
    I101.3.5 Secretary N
    I101.3.6 Conflict of interest N
    I101.3.7 Compensation of
    members    		 N
    I101.3.8 Removal from the
    board    		 N
    I101.4 Rules and procedures N
    I101.5 Notice of meeting N
    I101.5.1 Open hearing N
    I101.5.2 Quorum N
    I101.5.3 Postponed hearing N
    I101.6 Legal counsel N
    I101.7 Board decision N
    I101.7.1 Resolution N
    I101.8.2 Administration N
    I101.8 Court review N

    APPENDIX H-36 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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    CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX I – BOARD OF APPEALS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

  • CWUIC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX A-1

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    APPENDIX A-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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    User notes:

    BOARD OF APPEALS

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.

    About this appendix: Appendix A contains optional criteria that, when adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals, board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 112 of this code.

    ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the Administrative Code Development Committee during the 2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.

    SECTION A101—GENERAL

    A101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the fire code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.

    A101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the fire code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the fire code official within 20 days after the notice was served.

    A101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.

    A101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.

    A101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board member’s terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The fire code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.

    A101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to hazards of fire, explosions, hazardous conditions or fire protection systems, and are not employees of the jurisdiction.

    A101.3.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing authority is authorized to appoint two alternate members who shall be called by the board chairperson to hear appeals during the absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate members shall possess the qualifications required for board membership, and shall be appointed for the same term or until a successor has been appointed.

  • CWUIC § 7.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    AA101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    AA101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    AA101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the building official within 3 days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the building official.

    AA101.7.2 Administration. The building official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    AA101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX AA-4 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX AB – PERMIT FEES

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting agency BSC BSC
    -CG    		 SFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting agency BSC BSC
    -CG    		 SFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt entire chapter
    Adopt entire chapter as
    amended (amended
    sections listed below)
    Adopt only those sections
    that are listed below
    Chapter / Section

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX AB-1

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    APPENDIX AB-2 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    AB PERMIT FEES

  • CWUIC § 3.6 Medium relevance — show source text

    A101.3.6 Conflict of interest. A member with any personal, professional or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.

    A101.3.7 Compensation of members. Compensation of members shall be determined by law.

    A101.3.8 Removal from the board. A member shall be removed from the board prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Any member with continued absence from regular meetings of the board may be removed at the discretion of the chief appointing authority.

    A101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.

    A101.5 Notice of meetings. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE APPENDIX A-3

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    APPENDIX A — BOARD OF APPEALS

    A101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the fire code official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

    A101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

    A101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

    A101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    A101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the fire code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    A101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the fire code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the fire code official.

    A101.7.2 Administration. The fire code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    A101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX A-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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    CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX B – FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

  • CWUIC § 3.6 Medium relevance — show source text

    [A] D101.3.6 Conflict of interest. A member with any personal, professional or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.

    [A] D101.3.7 Compensation of members. Compensation of members shall be determined by law.

    [A] D101.3.8 Removal from the board. A member shall be removed from the board prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Any member with continued absence from regular meeting of the board may be removed at the discretion of the chief appointing authority.

    [A] D101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.

    [A] D101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.

    [A] D101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the code official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

    [A] D101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

    2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE APPENDIX D-3

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    APPENDIX D—BOARD OF APPEALS

    [A] D101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

    [A] D101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    [A] D101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    [A] D101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.

    [A] D101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    [A] D101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX D-4 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX E

  • CWUIC § 3.6 Medium relevance — show source text

    [A] B101.3.6 Conflict of interest. A member with any personal, professional or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.

    [A] B101.3.7 Compensation of members. Compensation of members shall be determined by law.

    [A] B101.3.8 Removal from the board. A member shall be removed from the board prior to the end of their term only for cause. Any member with continued absence from regular meeting of the board may be removed at the discretion of the chief appointing authority.

    [A] B101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.

    [A] B101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.

    [A] B101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the building official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.

    [A] B101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

    APPENDIX B-2 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX B—BOARD OF APPEALS

    [A] B101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

    [A] B101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    [A] B101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    [A] B101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the building official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the building official.

    [A] B101.7.2 Administration. The building official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    [A] B101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE APPENDIX B-3

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX B-4 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

  • CWUIC § 3.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    3.1_|Maintenance and
    defensible space|Y||||||||| |Appendix H|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents|Referenced California Documents| ||General|N||||||||| |H101|California Civil Code|N||||||||| |H102|California Govern-
    ment Code|N||||||Various||| |H103|California Public
    Resources Code|N|||||||Various|| |H104|California Code of
    Regulations, Title 14,
    Division 1.5|N||||Various||||| |H104.1|Subchapter 2 State
    Minimum Fire Safe
    Regulations|N||||Subchapter 2||||| |H104.2|Subchapter 3 Fire
    Hazard|N||||Subchapter 3||||| |H105|California Code of
    Regulations, Title 19|N|||||2201|||| |H106|Health and Safety
    Code|N||||||||Various| |H107|Cross Reference Tool|N|||||||||

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-35

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Appendix I Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals Board of Appeals
    I101.1 Scope N
    I101.2 Application for appeal N
    I101.2.1 Limitation of
    authority    		 N
    I101.2.2 Stays of enforcement N
    I101.3 Membership of board N
    I101.3.1 Qualifications N
    I101.3.2 Alternate members N
    I101.3.3 Vacancies N
    I101.3.4 Chairperson N
    I101.3.5 Secretary N
    I101.3.6 Conflict of interest N
    I101.3.
  • CWUIC § 7.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    [A] B101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    [A] B101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    [A] B101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the building official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the building official.

    [A] B101.7.2 Administration. The building official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    [A] B101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE APPENDIX B-3

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    APPENDIX B-4 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX C – GROUP U – AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS

    (Not adopted by state agencies)

    Adopting agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 Col17 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
    Adopt entire chapter
    Adopt entire chapter as
    amended (amended
    sections listed below)
    Adopt only those sections
    that are listed below
    Chapter / Section

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE APPENDIX C-1

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    C GROUP U—AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS

  • CWUIC § 7.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    A101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

    A101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the fire code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

    A101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the fire code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the fire code official.

    A101.7.2 Administration. The fire code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

    A101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

    APPENDIX A-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    APPENDIX B – FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)    		 X
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section
    Table B105.1(1) X
    B105.2 X
  • CWUIC § 1-4 Medium relevance — show source text

    1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

    1.12 Board of Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

    DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

    PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

    101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

    102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

    PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

    103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

    104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official . . . . . . . . . 1-17

    105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

    106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

    107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21

    108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

    109 Inspection and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

    110 Certificate of Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    112 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    113 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

    CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

    201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

    202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

    CHAPTER 3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS . . . . 3-3

  • CWUIC § 1.11. Medium relevance — show source text

    APPENDIX I – BOARD OF APPEALS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

    The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX I-1

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    APPENDIX I-2 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    I BOARD OF APPEALS

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix I contains optional criteria that, where adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 112.

  • CWUIC § 1-21 Medium relevance — show source text

    107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21

    108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

    109 Inspection and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

    110 Certificate of Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    112 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

    113 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

    CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

    201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

    202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

    CHAPTER 3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS . . . . 3-3

    301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

    302 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designations . . . . . .3-3

    CHAPTER 4 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA

    REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

    401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

    402 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

    403 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

    404 Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

    CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

    501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

  • CWUIC § 1-22 Medium relevance — show source text

    PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

    103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

    104 Duties and Powers of Code Official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

    105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

    106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

    107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . 1-28

    108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

    109 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

    110 Certificate of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

    111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

    112 Means of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

    113 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

    114 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

    115 Unsafe Structures and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

    116 Emergency Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

    117 Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

    CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

    201 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

    202 General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

    CHAPTER 3 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE

    METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

    301 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

  • CWUIC § 109.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    1|Authorization to issue
    corrective orders and
    notices|N||||||||| |109.2.2|Service of orders and
    notices|N||||||||| |109.3|Compliance with
    orders and notices|N||||||||| |109.3.1|General compliance|N||||||||| |109.3.2|Compliance with tags|N||||||||| |109.3.3|Removal and
    destruction of signs
    and tags|N||||||||| |109.3.4|Citations|N||||||||| |109.3.5|Unsafe conditions|N||||||||| |109.3.5.1|Record|N||||||||| |109.3.5.2|Notice|N||||||||| |109.3.5.2.1|Method of service|N||||||||| |109.3.5.3|Placarding|N||||||||| |109.3.5.3.1|Placard removal|N||||||||| |109.3.5.4|Abatement|N||||||||| |109.3.5.5|Summary abatement|N||||||||| |109.3.5.6|Evacuation|N||||||||| |109.3.6|Prosecution of
    violation|N||||||||| |109.3.7|Violation penalties|N||114||||||| |109.3.7.1|Unlawful acts|Y||114.1||||||| |109.3.7.2|Notice of violation|Y||114.2||||||| |109.3.8|Abatement of
    violation|N||||||||| |110|Certificate of
    occupancy|Y||111.1||||||| |110.1|General|Y||701A.4 #2||||||| |110.2|Certificate of
    occupancy|Y||||||||| |110.3|Temporary
    occupancy|Y||||||||| |110.4|Revocation|Y||||||||| |111|Service utilities|Y||||||||| |111.1|Connection of service
    utilities|Y||||||||| |111.2|Temporary
    connection|Y||||||||| |111.3|Authority to discon-
    nect service utilities|Y||||||||| |112|Means of appeals|N||||||||| |112.1|General|N||||||||| |112.2|Limitations on
    authority|N||||||||| |112.3|Qualifications|N||||||||| |112.4|Administration|N||||||||| |113|Stop work order|Y||||||||| |113.1|Authority|Y||||||||| |113.2|Issuance|Y||||||||| |113.3|Emergencies|Y||||||||| |113.4|Failure to comply|Y|||||||||

    APPENDIX H-24 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    |2025 CWUIC—continued|Col2|Adopted
    Yes/No|IWUIC
    Section|CBC
    Section|CFC
    Section|Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section|Title 19,

  • CWUIC § 111.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    8|Abatement of
    violation|N||||||||| |110|Certificate of
    occupancy|Y||111.1||||||| |110.1|General|Y||701A.4 #2||||||| |110.2|Certificate of
    occupancy|Y||||||||| |110.3|Temporary
    occupancy|Y||||||||| |110.4|Revocation|Y||||||||| |111|Service utilities|Y||||||||| |111.1|Connection of service
    utilities|Y||||||||| |111.2|Temporary
    connection|Y||||||||| |111.3|Authority to discon-
    nect service utilities|Y||||||||| |112|Means of appeals|N||||||||| |112.1|General|N||||||||| |112.2|Limitations on
    authority|N||||||||| |112.3|Qualifications|N||||||||| |112.4|Administration|N||||||||| |113|Stop work order|Y||||||||| |113.1|Authority|Y||||||||| |113.2|Issuance|Y||||||||| |113.3|Emergencies|Y||||||||| |113.4|Failure to comply|Y|||||||||

    APPENDIX H-24 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 2 Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions Definitions
    201 General Y
    201.1 Scope Y
    201.2 Interchangeability Y
    201.3 Terms defined in
    other codes    		 Y 201.3
    201.4 Terms not defined Y
    202 Definitions Y
    Accessory structure Y
    Agriculture (T14) Y 1270.01(1)
    Applicable building Y 702A
    Approved Y
    Approved agency Y
    Building Y 1270.01(c)
    Building (T14) Y
    Building official Y
    Certificate of
    completion    		 Y
    Code official Y
    Critical fire weather Y
    Dead-end road (T14) Y 1270.01(e)
    Defensible space (T14) Y
    Driveway (T14) Y
    Dwelling Y 702A 1270.
  • CWUIC § 1.11 Medium relevance — show source text

    1||1.11
    1.12||||

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-19

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 1 Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration Division I—California Administration
    [T-19 §1.11] Enforcement of
    Regulations    		 Y 1.11
    [T-19 §1.12] Enforcement Agency Y 1.121
    1.11.2.1.2 Reprint of Health and
    Safety Code    		 Y 1.11.2.1.2 1.11.2.1.2 13108
    1.11.2.2 Right of entry Y 1.11.2.2 1.11.2.2 1.08
    1.13
    [T-19 §1.08] Report of Arrest Y 1.08
    [T-19 §1.13] Penalty Y 1.13
    1.11.2.3 More restrictive fire
    and panic safety
    building standards    		 Y 1.11.2.3 1.11.2.3
    1.11.2.3.1 Fire Protection District Y 1.11.2.3.1 1.11.2.3.1
    1.11.2.3.2 Noticing a Proposed
    Ordinance    		 Y 1.11.2.3.2 1.11.2.3.2
    1.11.2.3.3 Ratification Y 1.11.2.3.3 1.11.2.3.3
    1.11.2.4 Request for alternate
    means of protection    		 Y 1.11.2.4 1.11.2.4
    1.11.2.5 Appeals Y 1.11.2.5 1.11.2.5
    1.11.3 Construction
    documents    		 Y _1.11.
  • CWUIC § 1-5 Medium relevance — show source text

    1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

    DIVISION II— SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

    Part 1—General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

    101 Scope and General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

    Part 2—Administration and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

    103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 104 Duties and Powers of the Fire Code Official . . . . . . . 1-14

    105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

    106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

    107 Temporary Structures, Uses, Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

    108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

    109 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

    110 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

    111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

    112 Means of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 113 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

    114 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 115 Unsafe Structures or Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

    CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

  • CWUIC § 1-2 Medium relevance — show source text

    Population growth and the expanding urban development into traditionally nonurban areas have increasingly brought humans into contact with wildfires. According to the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), every year, wildfires burn across the United States and a growing number of people are living where wildfires are a real risk. In 2018 more than 58,000 fires burned nearly 9 million acres across the US. More than 25,000 structures were destroyed, including 18,137 residences and 229 commercial structures. California accounted for the highest number of structures lost in one state due to the number of significant fires, including the Mendocino Complex, Carr, Camp and Woolsey fires.

    The IWUIC is a model code that is intended to be adopted and used supplemental to the adopted building and fire codes of a jurisdiction. The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life and property from fire and resulting erosion. The IWUIC has as its objective the establishment of minimum special regulations for the safeguarding of life and

    x 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    property from the intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire exposures from adjacent structures and to prevent structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels, even in the absence of fire department intervention.

    Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to provide adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban interface areas are provided in a tiered manner commensurate with the relative level of hazard present.

    ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT OF THE 2025 CWUIC

    The format of the CWUIC allows each chapter to be devoted to a particular subject. The following table shows how the CWUIC is divided. The chapter synopses detail the scope and intent of the provisions of the CWUIC.

    CHAPTER TOPICS Col2
    CHAPTER SUBJECT
    1-2 Administration and Definitions
    3-4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designation and Requirements
    5 Building Construction Regulations
    6 Fire Protection Requirements
    7 Referenced Standards
    Appendices A-I Adoptable and Informational Appendices

    Chapter 1 Scope and Administration.

    Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.

    Chapter 2 Definitions.

    Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of the code. The user of the code should be familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.

    Chapter 3 Wildland-Urban Interface Areas.

    Chapter 3 provides for the fundamental aspect of applying the code—the legal declaration and establishment of wildland-urban interface areas within the adopting jurisdiction, mapping of the area, periodic review and updates.

    Chapter 4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Requirements.

    The requirements of Chapter 4 apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:

    1. Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.

    2. Premises identification.

  • CWUIC § 109.1.4.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    2|Apparatus, instru-
    ments, material and
    labor for tests|N||||||||| |109.1.4.3|Reinspection and
    testing|N|||||||||

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-23

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 1 _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration
    109.2 Enforcement N
    109.2.1 Authorization to issue
    corrective orders and
    notices    		 N
    109.2.2 Service of orders and
    notices    		 N
    109.3 Compliance with
    orders and notices    		 N
    109.3.1 General compliance N
    109.3.2 Compliance with tags N
    109.3.3 Removal and
    destruction of signs
    and tags    		 N
    109.3.4 Citations N
    109.3.5 Unsafe conditions N
    109.3.5.1 Record N
    109.3.5.2 Notice N
    109.3.5.2.1 Method of service N
    109.3.5.3 Placarding N
    109.3.5.3.1 Placard removal N
    109.3.5.4 Abatement N
    109.3.5.5 Summary abatement N
    109.3.5.6 Evacuation N
    109.3.6 Prosecution of
    violation    		 N
    109.3.7 Violation penalties N 114
    109.3.7.1 Unlawful acts Y 114.1
    109.3.7.2 Notice of violation Y 114.2
    109.3.8 Abatement of
    violation    		 N
    110 Certificate of
    occupancy    		 Y 111.1
    110.

Frequently asked questions

Who can file an appeal that stays enforcement?

Any person who files an appeal as provided by the appeals procedure may — when the appeal is of a notice or order other than an Imminent Danger notice — stay enforcement until the appeal is heard. § I101.2.2.

Does an appeal always stop enforcement?

No. Appeals of Imminent Danger notices are not stayed by appeal. Other appeals do stay enforcement until the board hears the appeal. § I101.2.2.

Can the appeals board waive CWUIC requirements?

No. The appendix states the board shall not have authority to waive requirements of the code; the main code’s § 112.2 is listed as “Limitations on authority” in the TOC — consult the full § 112.2 text in your code edition for the definitive statement.

If I disagree with the board’s legal ruling, what next?

Any person may apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law, following the filing of the board’s decision and subject to court timing and procedure. § I101.8.

Where do I find the deadline to file for court review?

The CWUIC requires the writ be filed “in the manner and time required by law” — that means you must follow the applicable court rules and statutes for writ timing (not further specified in § I101.8). § I101.8.

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Related in the CWUIC

Board composition, qualifications, alternates, vacancies and conflicts of interest

Board procedures: notice, open hearings, quorum, decision-making and recordkeeping

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Appeals process and Board of Appeals (means of appeals & Appendix I)

California Wildland-Urban Interface Code