CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
How to appeal a code official decision and filing timelines
If you get a CWUIC notice you disagree with, file an appeal on the code official’s form within 20 days of the notice; except for Imminent Danger notices, filing pauses enforcement until the board hears the appeal. The board must be scheduled promptly, decide by resolution, and file its written decision within 3 days.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The California Wildland‑Urban Interface Code creates a board of appeals to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations by the code official (see § 112.1) and requires that an appeal be filed on a form from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served (see § I101.2) . Appeals of notices and orders (other than Imminent Danger notices) stay enforcement until the appeal is heard by the board (see § I101.2.2) .
The single most important rule: file your appeal within 20 days of being served — and except for imminent danger notices, filing the appeal pauses enforcement until the board hears it.
Requirements in detail
Who may appeal and on what grounds
- Any person has the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board of appeals. The appeal must claim that the code (or rules adopted under it) were incorrectly interpreted, that the provisions do not fully apply, or that an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. § I101.2 is the controlling text for these grounds.
Filing: form and deadline
- The appeal must be filed on a form obtained from the code official. The filing deadline is within 20 days after the notice was served (bolded because it is the key deadline) as required by § I101.2. Missing this deadline risks losing the right to a board hearing.
Effect of filing: stays of enforcement
- Filing an appeal stays enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard — except for notices classified as Imminent Danger, which are not stayed. See § I101.2.2.
Board conduct, decision and follow‑up
- The board of appeals is created to hear these matters and must render decisions and findings in writing to the appellant and provide a duplicate to the code official per § 112.1.
- The board must adopt rules of procedure, and its authority is limited; it cannot waive code requirements (see § 112.2).
- Where Appendix I is adopted by a jurisdiction, the board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson within 10 days of the filing of an appeal, hearings are open to the public, and a quorum is three members (see § I101.5 and § I101.5.2).
- The board may only modify or reverse the code official’s decision by a concurring vote of three or more members; its decision must be issued by resolution and filed in writing in the office of the code official within 3 days, with a certified copy furnished to the appellant (see § I101.7 and § I101.7.1).
Timeline summary table
| Decision dimension | Value / deadline | Effect | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deadline to file appeal | Within 20 days after notice served | Right to board hearing; starts appeal process | § I101.2 |
| Stay of enforcement after filing | Until appeal is heard (except Imminent Danger) | Enforcement paused during appeal | § I101.2.2 |
| Board meeting after filing (where Appendix I adopted) | Within 10 days of filing | Board must be scheduled promptly | § I101.5 |
| Quorum required | 3 members constitute a quorum | Minimum to hear appeal | § I101.5.2 |
| Vote to reverse/modify decision | 3 or more concurring votes | Reversal threshold | § I101.7 |
| Filing the board decision | Within 3 days in writing in code official’s office | Creates record; enables court review timeline | § I101.7.1 |
| Grounds allowed on appeal | Incorrect interpretation; code not fully apply; equivalent/better construction | Limits acceptable arguments | § I101.2 and § 112.2 |
Exceptions & special cases
- Imminent Danger notices are explicitly excluded from the automatic stay — filing an appeal does not pause enforcement of an Imminent Danger notice (see § I101.2.2).
- The board cannot waive code requirements or interpret administrative procedures beyond the code’s provisions (see § 112.2 and § I101.2.1).
- Separate “Exceptions to Standards” procedures (for certain defensible‑space standards) and appeal paths to the local jurisdiction or CAL FIRE may exist under Title 14 / other code sections; where those apply, local procedures can be used or adopted in addition to the board process (see Title 14 references for Exception/appeal routing).
Common mistakes
- Waiting past the 20‑day filing window (loses appeal right). See § I101.2.
- Assuming every appeal automatically stops enforcement — Imminent Danger notices are the important exception. See § I101.2.2.
- Filing without using the code official’s required form or failing to state the required grounds (incorrect interpretation, inapplicability, or equivalent design). See § I101.2.
- Expecting the board to waive code requirements — the board has no authority to waive the code. See § 112.2.
- Not preparing for an open hearing: hearings are public and the appellant, the code official and affected persons must be allowed to be heard when Appendix I procedures are used. See § I101.5.1.
Worked example — concrete scenario
- Timeline facts: Code official serves a notice on June 1.
- Deadline to file appeal: June 21 (within 20 days of service). If the appellant files on June 15, the appeal is timely. See § I101.2.
- Board scheduling: If Appendix I procedures apply, the board must meet within 10 days of the filing — so the board should meet by June 25 at the latest. See § I101.5.
- Stay of enforcement: Because this is not an Imminent Danger notice, enforcement is stayed from the date the appeal is filed until the board hears the appeal. See § I101.2.2.
- Decision and record: If the board issues its decision at the June 25 hearing and reverses the code official, the decision must be filed in writing within 3 days in the code official’s office (by June 28), and a certified copy provided to the appellant. See § I101.7.1.
Related provisions
- § 112.2 — Limitations on the board’s authority (no waivers).
- § I101.5 — Notice of meeting; board to meet within 10 days of appeal filing (if Appendix I adopted).
- § I101.5.2 — 3‑member quorum requirement.
- § I101.7 — Board decision voting requirement (3 concurring members).
- § I101.7.1 — Decision must be filed in writing within 3 days.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CWUIC § 5.2 High relevance — show source text
[A] I101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.
[A] I101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.
2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX I-3
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APPENDIX I—BOARD OF APPEALS
[A] I101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
[A] I101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.
[A] I101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.
[A] I101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
[A] I101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.
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Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7
Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1
Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures
Defined 202
Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5
Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2
Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104
Building 202 Building Official 202
Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4
Temporary occupancy 111.3
Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106
Amended 106.10
CWUIC § 112.1 High relevance — show source text
The code official shall notify the serving utility and, where possible, the owner or the owner’s authorized agent and the occupant of the building, structure or service system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to disconnection, the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be notified in writing as soon as practical thereafter.
SECTION 112—MEANS OF APPEALS
[A] 112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the applicable governing authority and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant, with a duplicate copy to the code official.
[A] 112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
[A] 112.4 Administration. The code official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION 113—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 113.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 113.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 113.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 113.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
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CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
CWUIC § 3.3 High relevance — show source text
[A] I101.3.3 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be filled for an unexpired term in the same manner in which original appointments are required to be made.
[A] I101.3.4 Chairperson. The board shall annually select one of its members to serve as chairperson.
[A] I101.3.5 Secretary. The chief appointing authority shall designate a qualified clerk to serve as secretary to the board. The secretary shall file a detailed record of all proceedings, which shall set forth the reasons for the board’s decision, the vote of each member, the absence of a member and any failure of a member to vote.
[A] I101.3.6 Conflict of interest. A member with any personal, professional or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.
[A] I101.3.7 Compensation of members. Compensation of members shall be determined by law.
[A] I101.3.8 Removal from the board. A member shall be removed from the board prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Any member with continued absence from regular meeting of the board may be removed at the discretion of the chief appointing authority.
[A] I101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.
[A] I101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.
[A] I101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the code official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
[A] I101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.
[A] I101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.
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APPENDIX I—BOARD OF APPEALS
[A] I101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
[A] I101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.
[A] I101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.
[A] I101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
CWUIC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text
The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.
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APPENDIX I-2 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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I BOARD OF APPEALS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.
User notes:
About this appendix: Appendix I contains optional criteria that, where adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 112.
SECTION I101—GENERAL
[A] I101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112, Means of Appeals. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the building official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.
[A] I101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.
[A] I101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.
[A] I101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.
[A] I101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board members’ terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.
[A] I101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of five individuals, who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to building construction and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
CWUIC § 2.1 High relevance — show source text
- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same.
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User notes:
BOARD OF APPEALS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance or legislation of the jurisdiction.
About this appendix: Appendix A contains optional criteria that, when adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals, board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 112 of this code.
ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the Administrative Code Development Committee during the 2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.
SECTION A101—GENERAL
A101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the fire code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.
A101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the fire code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the fire code official within 20 days after the notice was served.
A101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.
A101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.
A101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board member’s terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The fire code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.
A101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to hazards of fire, explosions, hazardous conditions or fire protection systems, and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
A101.3.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing authority is authorized to appoint two alternate members who shall be called by the board chairperson to hear appeals during the absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate members shall possess the qualifications required for board membership, and shall be appointed for the same term or until a successor has been appointed.
CWUIC § 2.1 High relevance — show source text
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE APPENDIX D-1
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APPENDIX D-2 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
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D BOARD OF APPEALS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
User notes:
About this appendix: Appendix D provides criteria for Board of Appeals members. Also provided are procedures by which the Board of Appeals should conduct its business.
ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the Administrative Code Development Committee during the
2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.
SECTION D101—GENERAL
[A] D101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.
[A] D101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.
[A] D101.2.1 Limitation of authority. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code or interpret the administration of this code.
[A] D101.2.2 Stays of enforcement. Appeals of notice and orders, other than Imminent Danger notices, shall stay the enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard by the board.
[A] D101.3 Membership of board. The board shall consist of five voting members appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction. Each member shall serve for [ INSERT NUMBER OF YEARS ] years or until a successor has been appointed. The board member’s terms shall be staggered at intervals, so as to provide continuity. The code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall not vote on any matter before the board.
[A] D101.3.1 Qualifications. The board shall consist of five individuals, who are qualified by experience and training to pass on matters pertaining to building construction and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
[A] D101.3.2 Alternate members. The chief appointing authority is authorized to appoint two alternate members who shall be called by the board chairperson to hear appeals during the absence or disqualification of a member. Alternate members shall possess the qualifications required for board membership, and shall be appointed for the same term or until a successor has been appointed.
[A] D101.3.3 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be filled for an unexpired term in the same manner in which original appointments are required to be made.
[A] D101.3.4 Chairperson. The board shall annually select one of its members to serve as chairperson.
CWUIC § 1270.06 High relevance — show source text
(b) Requests for an Exception shall be made in writing to the Local Jurisdiction listed in 14 CCR § 1270.06 by the applicant or the applicant's authorized representative.
At a minimum, the request shall state the specific section(s) for which an Exception is requested; material facts supporting the contention of the applicant; the details of the Exception proposed; and a map showing the proposed location and siting of the Exception. Local Jurisdictions listed in § 1270.06 (Inspections) may establish additional procedures or requirements for Exception requests. (c) Where an Exception is not granted by the inspection entity, the applicant may appeal such denial to the Local Jurisdiction. The Local Jurisdiction may establish or utilize an appeal process consistent with existing local building or planning department appeal processes. (d) Before the Local Jurisdiction makes a determination on an appeal, the inspector shall be consulted and shall provide to that Local Jurisdiction documentation outlining the effects of the requested Exception on Wildfire protection. (e) If an appeal is granted, the Local Jurisdiction shall make findings that the decision meets the intent of providing Defensible Space consistent with these regulations. Such findings shall include a statement of reasons for the decision. A written copy of these findings shall be provided to the CAL FIRE Unit headquarters that administers SRA fire protection in that Local Jurisdiction.
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ADMINISTRATION
[California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, §1270.08] Distance Measurements.
All specified or referenced distances are measured along the ground unless otherwise stated.
1.12.2 Agency identification. The provisions of this code applicable to wildland-urban interface areas identified in Section 1.12 are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections and in the Cross Reference Table located in Appendix H, Section H107.
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DIVISION II
SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. Chapter 1 is in two parts: Part 1–General Provisions (Sections 101–102) and Part 2—Administration and Enforcement (Sections 103–113). Section 101 identifies which buildings and structures come under its purview and references other California Codes as applicable.
This code is intended to be adopted as a legally enforceable document and it cannot be effective without adequate provisions for its administration and enforcement. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.
Note: Sections adopted or amended by state agencies are specifically indicated by an agency banner or indicated in the Matrix Adoption Table.
PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 101—SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CWUIC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text
_ (d) Nothing in this section abrogates CAL FIRE's authority to inspect and enforce state forest and fire laws in the SRA even when the inspection duties have been delegated pursuant to this section. (e) Reports of violations within the SRA shall be provided to the CAL FIRE Unit headquarters that administers SRA fire protection in the Local Jurisdiction.
(f) When inspections are conducted, they shall occur prior to: the issuance of the use permit or certificate of Occupancy; the recor- dation of the parcel map or final map; the filing of a notice of completion; or the final inspection of any project or Building permit.
[California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, §1270.07] Exceptions to Standards. (a) Upon request by the applicant, an Exception to standards within this Subchapter may be allowed by the Inspection entity in accordance with 14 CCR § 1270.06 (Inspections) where the Exceptions provide the Same Practical Effect as these regulations towards providing Defensible Space. Exceptions granted by the Local Jurisdiction listed in 14 CCR § 1270.06, shall be made on a case-by-case basis only. Exceptions granted by the Local Jurisdiction listed in 14 CCR § 1270.06 shall be forwarded to the appro- priate CAL FIRE unit headquarters that administers SRA fire protection in that Local Jurisdiction, or the county in which the Local Jurisdiction is located and shall be retained on file at the Unit Office.
(b) Requests for an Exception shall be made in writing to the Local Jurisdiction listed in 14 CCR § 1270.06 by the applicant or the applicant's authorized representative.
At a minimum, the request shall state the specific section(s) for which an Exception is requested; material facts supporting the contention of the applicant; the details of the Exception proposed; and a map showing the proposed location and siting of the Exception. Local Jurisdictions listed in § 1270.06 (Inspections) may establish additional procedures or requirements for Exception requests. (c) Where an Exception is not granted by the inspection entity, the applicant may appeal such denial to the Local Jurisdiction. The Local Jurisdiction may establish or utilize an appeal process consistent with existing local building or planning department appeal processes. (d) Before the Local Jurisdiction makes a determination on an appeal, the inspector shall be consulted and shall provide to that Local Jurisdiction documentation outlining the effects of the requested Exception on Wildfire protection. (e) If an appeal is granted, the Local Jurisdiction shall make findings that the decision meets the intent of providing Defensible Space consistent with these regulations. Such findings shall include a statement of reasons for the decision. A written copy of these findings shall be provided to the CAL FIRE Unit headquarters that administers SRA fire protection in that Local Jurisdiction.
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ADMINISTRATION
[California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, §1270.08] Distance Measurements.
All specified or referenced distances are measured along the ground unless otherwise stated.
CWUIC § 1.1.11. High relevance — show source text
Not adopted by the State of California (May be available for adoption by local ordinance. See Section 1.1.11.)
Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 Col17 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Adopt Entire Chapter Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)Adopt only those sections
that are listed belowChapter / Section The state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE APPENDIX D-1
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APPENDIX D-2 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
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D BOARD OF APPEALS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
User notes:
About this appendix: Appendix D provides criteria for Board of Appeals members. Also provided are procedures by which the Board of Appeals should conduct its business.
ICC code development note: Code change proposals to this appendix will be considered by the Administrative Code Development Committee during the
2025 (Group B) Code Development Cycle.
SECTION D101—GENERAL
[A] D101.1 Scope. A board of appeals shall be established within the jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of this code pursuant to the provisions of Section 112. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section, and shall be authorized to hear evidence from appellants and the code official pertaining to the application and intent of this code for the purpose of issuing orders pursuant to these provisions.
[A] D101.2 Application for appeal. Any person shall have the right to appeal a decision of the code official to the board. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the intent of this code or the rules legally adopted hereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equally good or better form of construction is proposed. The application shall be filed on a form obtained from the code official within 20 days after the notice was served.
CWUIC § 3.6 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] D101.3.6 Conflict of interest. A member with any personal, professional or financial interest in a matter before the board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, deliberations and voting on such matters.
[A] D101.3.7 Compensation of members. Compensation of members shall be determined by law.
[A] D101.3.8 Removal from the board. A member shall be removed from the board prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Any member with continued absence from regular meeting of the board may be removed at the discretion of the chief appointing authority.
[A] D101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.
[A] D101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.
[A] D101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the code official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
[A] D101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE APPENDIX D-3
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APPENDIX D—BOARD OF APPEALS
[A] D101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.
[A] D101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
[A] D101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.
[A] D101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.
[A] D101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
[A] D101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.
APPENDIX D-4 2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
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CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX E
CWUIC § 111.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 111—SERVICE UTILITIES
[A] 111.1 Connection of service utilities. A person shall not make connections from a utility, source of energy, fuel, power, water system or sewer system to any building or system that is regulated by this code for which a permit is required, until approved by the code official.
[A] 111.2 Temporary connection. The code official shall have the authority to authorize the temporary connection of the building or system to the utility, source of energy, fuel, power, water system or sewer system for the purpose of testing systems or for use under a temporary approval.
[A] 111.3 Authority to disconnect service utilities. The code official shall have the authority to authorize disconnection of utility service to the building, structure or system regulated by this code and the referenced codes and standards in case of emergency where necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to life or property or where such utility connection has been made without the approval required by Section 111.1 or 111.2. The code official shall notify the serving utility and, wherever possible, the owner or the owner’s authorized agent and the occupant of the building, structure or service system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to disconnecting, the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be notified in writing, as soon as practical thereafter.
SECTION 112—MEANS OF APPEALS
[A] 112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the applicable governing authority and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the code official.
[A] 112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
[A] 112.4 Administration. The code official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION 113—VIOLATIONS
[A] 113.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to repair, alter, extend, add, move, remove, demolish or change the occupancy of any building or equipment regulated by this code or cause same to be done in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
CWUIC § 5.1 Medium relevance — show source text
AA101.4 Rules and procedures. The board shall establish policies and procedures necessary to carry out its duties consistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law. The procedures shall not require compliance with strict rules of evidence, but shall mandate that only relevant information be presented.
AA101.5 Notice of meeting. The board shall meet upon notice from the chairperson, within 10 days of the filing of an appeal or at stated periodic intervals.
AA101.5.1 Open hearing. All hearings before the board shall be open to the public. The appellant, the appellant’s representative, the building official and any person whose interests are affected shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
AA101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.
AA101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX AA-3
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APPENDIX AA — BOARD OF APPEALS
AA101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
AA101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of three or more members.
AA101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the building official within 3 days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the building official.
AA101.7.2 Administration. The building official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
AA101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.
APPENDIX AA-4 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
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CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
APPENDIX AB – PERMIT FEES
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
Frequently asked questions
How strictly is the 20‑day filing deadline enforced?
The code requires appeals to be filed within 20 days after the notice was served (see § I101.2) — jurisdictions treat this as a firm statutory deadline; file as early as possible and use the code official’s form.
Does filing an appeal automatically stop any fines or enforcement actions?
Filing an appeal stays enforcement of the notice and order until the appeal is heard, except for Imminent Danger notices, which are not stayed (see § I101.2.2).
If the board reverses the code official, when does that take effect?
The board’s decision is by resolution and must be filed in writing within 3 days in the code official’s office; the code official must then take immediate action consistent with the decision (see § I101.7.1 and § I101.7.2).
Can the board waive code requirements to grant an appeal?
No. The board does not have authority to waive requirements of the code; appeals are limited to the specified grounds (see § 112.2 and § I101.2.1).
What if I disagree with the board’s decision?
Any person may seek court review (writ of certiorari) to correct errors of law after the decision is filed in the office of the chief administrative officer; follow the applicable court review timelines and procedures (see § I101.8).
More in California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
- Administration and Definitions
- Board of Appeals, Administration & Enforcement (permits, code official duties, appeals process)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Designation & Mapping
- Fire Service Access & Water Supply (fire apparatus roads, driveways, hydrants, draft sites, standby power)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Requirements (access, water, premises identification, key boxes)
- Referenced Standards & Test Methods
- Special Building Construction Regulations (ignition‑resistant construction, roof/vent/assembly requirements)
- Appendices and Model Ordinances (vegetation plans, severity‑zone adoption, home‑hardening guidance)
- Fire Protection Requirements (fire protection plans, systems, safety element provisions)
- Referenced California Documents & Matrix (CCR/Title 14 & 19 cross‑references, statutory references)
- Vegetation Management & Defensible Space (vegetation plans, maintenance, fire‑smart characteristics)
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Board composition, qualifications, alternates, vacancies and conflicts of interest
Board procedures: notice, open hearings, quorum, decision-making and recordkeeping
Court review, writs of certiorari and when appeals stay enforcement
Appeals process and Board of Appeals (means of appeals & Appendix I)
California Wildland-Urban Interface Code