CRC · California Residential Code

When are crushed‑stone or precast footings permitted and how are they detailed?

Homeowners: crushed‑stone footings are allowed in California when the stone is clean and graded, compacted in 8‑inch lifts with a plate vibrator, used only in the allowed seismic zones, and sized per the CRC tables and figures; precast foundations require design drawings and drainage — follow §§ R403.4 / R403.4.1 / R403.5 / R404.5 and the Table/Figures in the code.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

Crushed‑stone footings and footings for precast concrete foundations are permitted when installed exactly as the CRC prescribes: crushed‑stone footings for precast foundations must follow § R403.4 and § R403.4.1, and crushed‑stone footings used with cast‑in‑place concrete foundations must follow § R403.5. The CRC sets the required stone gradation, compaction method and lift thickness, seismic‑category limits, and directs designers to the lookup table and figures for the required stone depth (D) and width (W). Precast foundation systems also require design drawings and identification per § R404.5.

The single most important rule: follow the detailed installation figures and tables in the code — you must use the stone gradation, consolidation method, seismic limits, and the D/W values from Table R403.4 or the construction figures; deviations need engineering or are not permitted.

Requirements in detail

Scope — when crushed stone is allowed

  • Crushed‑stone footings for precast foundations are allowed when installed per § R403.4 and § R403.4.1.
  • Crushed‑stone footings for cast‑in‑place concrete foundations are permitted for nonretaining foundations that comply with Section R404.1.3 and the detailing in § R403.5 (figures/tables).

Material requirements (what the stone must be)

  • Clean crushed stone: free of organic, clayey or silty soils. Angular aggregate meeting ASTM C33. Maximum stone size = 1/2 inch (12.7 mm); minimum size = 1/16 inch (1.6 mm). These material limits are mandatory for crushed‑stone footings. § R403.4.1.

Compaction and placement

  • Consolidation: crushed stone shall be consolidated with a vibratory plate. Lifts shall not exceed 8 inches (203 mm). § R403.4.1.

Geometry: depth (D) and width (W)

  • Required stone depth (D) and width (W) are determined from Table R403.4 and the accompanying figures; use the row for the number of stories / uniform wall load and the column matching the soil bearing value and soil class. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each load‑bearing value. § R403.4.1 and Table R403.4.

Minimum footing depth and clearances

  • Minimum footing depth for exterior footings is 12 inches (305 mm) below undisturbed ground surface unless frost protection rules apply (Section R403.1.4). Figures for crushed‑stone footings show top of footing minimum 4 in below undisturbed ground surface details for installation. § R403.1.4 and Figures in § R403.5.

Seismic / use limits

  • Seismic Design Categories: crushed‑stone footings for precast foundations are limited to SDC A, B and C. Crushed‑stone footings for cast‑in‑place concrete foundations are allowed for townhouses in SDC A and B and one‑ and two‑family dwellings in SDC A, B and C, per § R403.4.1 and § R403.5.

Precast foundation specific requirements

  • Precast foundations must be designed per § R404.5: submit precast foundation wall design drawings to the building official and include at minimum design loading, footing design and material, concentrated loads and points of application, soil bearing capacity, maximum allowable total uniform load, Seismic Design Category and basic wind speed. Panels must be identified by a certificate of inspection label from an approved third‑party inspection agency. § R404.5.2–R404.5.3.

Drainage and waterproofing obligations

  • Foundations that retain earth and rest on crushed stone footings (including precast) must have drainage — a perforated drainage pipe installed below the base of the wall on either the interior or exterior side, not less than 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the edge of the wall; exterior drains require an approved filter membrane. § R405.1.1.

Summary reference table (decision‑relevant values)

Requirement / value Typical value from CRC Code reference
Stone gradation (max / min) Max 1/2 in (12.7 mm) / Min 1/16 in (1.6 mm) § R403.4.1
Stone standard ASTM C33, angular, clean § R403.4.1
Consolidation method & lift Vibratory plate; ≤ 8 in (203 mm) lifts § R403.4.1
D & W (stone depth and width) From Table R403.4 (lookup per stories, wall load, soil bearing value) § R403.4 / Table R403.4
Minimum footing depth (top of footing) 12 in min below undisturbed ground (and top of footing min 4 in below undisturbed ground in figures) § R403.1.4 and figures in § R403.5
Seismic limit (crushed stone for precast) SDC A, B, C only § R403.4.1
Precast foundation submittal items Design loading, footing design, concentrated loads, soil bearing capacity, max uniform load, SDC, wind speed § R404.5.2
Drainage pipe offset / filter Perforated pipe ≥ 1 ft (305 mm) beyond wall edge; exterior pipe covered with approved filter membrane § R405.1.1
Precast concrete compressive strength (panels) Minimum 5,000 psi at 28 days (material requirement for precast panels) § R402.3.1

Exceptions & special cases

  • Frost protection: footings may need to extend below the frost line or use frost‑protection measures; figures for crushed stone footings show where area of extended stone must be taken to below frost line when applicable (refer to Section R403.1.4.1 and Figures R403.5). § R403.1.4 / § R403.5.
  • Townhouses: crushed stone footings for cast‑in‑place foundations are limited for townhouses to SDC A and B (townhouses in higher SDCs must use other footing systems or engineered design). § R403.5.
  • Soils: the Table R403.4 is indexed by soil bearing values and soil class (Unified Soil Classification System). If the site soils are not covered or are poor/unusual (expansive, compressible, shifting), Table use is prohibited and engineered design is required. See the table notes and Section R401.4.1(2) for soil classes. § R403.4.1 and Table R403.4 notes.

Common mistakes

  • Using unwashed or silty/organic stone: the code requires clean angular stone meeting ASTM C33 — failing this invalidates the footing per § R403.4.1.
  • Over‑filling lifts or not compacting with a vibratory plate: lifts must be ≤ 8 in and consolidated with a vibratory plate — hand‑tamping or larger lifts is noncompliant. § R403.4.1.
  • Ignoring seismic limits: specifying crushed‑stone footings in SDC D or higher for precast is not permitted without engineering. § R403.4.1.
  • Forgetting drainage: precast walls on crushed stone must have a perforated drain at or below the base extending ≥ 1 ft beyond the edge — omitting this is a frequent inspection failure. § R405.1.1.
  • Not submitting required precast design drawings or third‑party identification for panels: § R404.5 mandates required submittal content and panel identification.

Worked example — application to a project

Scenario (typical, kept conservative): one‑story single‑family dwelling, Seismic Design Category B, soils assessed as adequate for table use (engineer/soils report gives a suitable bearing value). Designer chooses a precast concrete foundation bearing on a crushed‑stone footing.

Steps you must take and code values you must use:

  1. Confirm SDC = B → crushed‑stone for precast is allowed (SDC A, B, C). § R403.4.1.
  2. Use clean angular stone meeting ASTM C33, max 1/2 in / min 1/16 in. § R403.4.1.
  3. Compact stone in ≤ 8‑inch lifts with a vibratory plate. § R403.4.1.
  4. Determine the required stone depth (D) and width (W) from Table R403.4 by:
    • locating the table row for the number of stories (1‑story) and the uniform wall load, and the column for the site’s soil bearing value and soil class; interpolate linearly if needed per table note. § R403.4.1 / Table R403.4.
    • (Note: the CRC Table R403.4 contains the specific D and W cell values — consult the table in the code submittal/printed CRC.)
  5. Ensure minimum footing depth still meets 12 in below undisturbed ground and the top of footing per figure shows min 4 in below undisturbed ground details. § R403.1.4 and Figures in § R403.5.
  6. For the precast panels: include the required design data in the submittal (design loading, footing design/material, soil bearing capacity, SDC, wind speed, etc.) per § R404.5.2; ensure panels have third‑party certificate labels per § R404.5.3.
  7. Provide drainage: place a perforated drain at or below the base of the wall and extend it not less than 1 ft (305 mm) beyond the wall edge; cover exterior drain with approved filter membrane. § R405.1.1.

Important: the exact numeric D and W in step 4 come directly from Table R403.4 — consult that table in the code and use the cell matching your wall load and soil bearing value; do not substitute other values without engineering. § R403.4 / Table R403.4.

Related provisions

  • § R403.1 — General footing size and minimums (minimum width/depth; footing size basis).
  • § R403.1.4 — Minimum footing depth and frost protection rules.
  • § R403.2 — Footings for wood foundations (related aggregate sizing notes).
  • § R403.5 — Crushed stone footings specifically for cast‑in‑place concrete foundations (figures and table references).
  • § R404.5 — Precast concrete foundation design drawings and identification requirements.
  • § R405.1.1 — Drainage requirements for precast foundations on crushed stone footings.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Residential Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CRC § 4.1 High relevance — show source text

    Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|

    R403.4.1 Crushed stone footings. Clean crushed stone shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed stone shall be angular in nature and meet ASTM C33, with the maximum size stone not to exceed [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and the minimum stone size not to be smaller than [1] / 16 inch (1.6 mm). Crushed stone footings for precast foundations shall be installed in accordance with Figure R403.4(1) and Table R403.4. Crushed stone footings shall be consolidated using a vibratory plate in not greater than 8-inch (203 mm) lifts. Crushed stone footings shall be limited to Seismic Design Categories A, B and C.

    R403.4.2 Concrete footings. Concrete footings shall be installed in accordance with Section R403.1 and Figure R403.4(2).

    R403.5 Crushed stone footings for cast-in-place concrete foundations. Crushed stone footings in accordance with Section R403.4.1 shall be permitted for nonretaining cast-in-place concrete foundations complying with Section R404.1.3 and this section. The footing and foundation wall shall be installed in accordance with Figure R403.5(1), or Figure R403.5(2) and Table R403.5, or Figure R403.5(3). Crushed stone footings for cast-in-place concrete foundations shall be permitted for townhouses in Seismic Design Categories A and B and one- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Categories A, B and C.

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    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.5(1)—CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGS FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B, AND C AND WIND EXPOSURE CATEGORIES B, C, AND D: CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL WITH WOOD CRIPPLE WALL

    MIN. CLEARANCE PER

    SECTIONS R404.1.6 AND

    R304.1 TYP.

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    GREATER DEPTH FOR FROST

    PROTECTION WHERE

    APPLIABLE PER SECTION

    R403.1.4.1

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

  • CRC § 4.1 High relevance — show source text

    Footing thickness and projection for fireplaces shall be in accordance with Section R1001.2. The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall be based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in accordance with Table R401.4.1(1). Footings for wood foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.2, and Figures R403.1(2) and R403.1(3). Footings for precast foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.4, Table R403.4, and Figures R403.4(1) and R403.4(2). Crushed stone footings for cast-in-place concrete foundations shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.

    R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Categories D 0 , D 1 and D 2 . Exterior walls and required interior braced wall panels of buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D 0, D 1 and D 2 shall be supported by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings in accordance with Table R403.1.2. Other footing materials or systems shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

    TABLE R403.1.2—CONTINUOUS FOOTING REQUIREMENTS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, D AND D
    0 1 2    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 Col11 Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15
    BUILDING PLAN DIMENSIONS 1-STORY 1-STORY 1-STORY 1-STORY 1-STORY 1-STORY 2-STORY 2-STORY 2-STORY 2-STORY 2-STORY 2-STORY 3-STORY 3-STORY
    BUILDING PLAN DIMENSIONS 50 feet or less 50 feet or less 50 feet or less > 50 feet > 50 feet > 50 feet 50 feet or less 50 feet or less 50 feet or less > 50 feet > 50 feet > 50 feet Any Any
    SDC D_0_ D_1_ D_2_ D_0_ D_1_ D_2_ D_0_ D_1_ D_2_ D_0_ D_1_ D_2_ D_0_ D_1_
    Continuous footings supporting exterior walls R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Continuous footings supporting required inte-
    rior braced wall panels    		 NR NR NR Ra Ra Ra NR NR Ra Ra Ra Ra R R
    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
    R = Continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings in accordance with Section R403.1.3.4 required.
    NR = Continuous footings not required.
    a.
  • CRC § 2.3 High relevance — show source text

    FINISH GRADE SLOPE [1] / 2 IN. PER FOOT, MIN. 6 FT. FROM WALL

    16 IN.

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 6 IN. STUD WALL

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED PLYWOOD (SEE TABLE R404.2.3)

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 6 IN. BOTTOM PLATE

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 8 IN. FOOTING PLATE

    BELOW FROST LINE

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    �

    FOUNDATIONS

    R403.1.1 Minimum size. The minimum width, W, and thickness, T, for concrete footings shall be in accordance with Tables R403.1(1) through R403.1(3) and Figure R403.1(1) or R403.1.3, as applicable, but not less than 12 inches (305 mm) in width and 6 inches (152 mm) in depth. The footing width shall be based on the load-bearing value of the soil in accordance with Table R401.4.1(1). Footing projections, P, shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) and shall not exceed the thickness of the footing. Footing thickness and projection for fireplaces shall be in accordance with Section R1001.2. The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall be based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in accordance with Table R401.4.1(1). Footings for wood foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.2, and Figures R403.1(2) and R403.1(3). Footings for precast foundations shall be in accordance with the details set forth in Section R403.4, Table R403.4, and Figures R403.4(1) and R403.4(2). Crushed stone footings for cast-in-place concrete foundations shall be in accordance with Section R403.5.

    R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Categories D 0 , D 1 and D 2 . Exterior walls and required interior braced wall panels of buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D 0, D 1 and D 2 shall be supported by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings in accordance with Table R403.1.2. Other footing materials or systems shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

    TABLE R403.1.2—CONTINUOUS FOOTING REQUIREMENTS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, D AND D
    0 1 2    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 Col11 Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15
    **BUILDING PLAN
  • CRC § 3.2 High relevance — show source text

    Exception: Where the frost-protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure to form an inside corner, vertical insulation extending along the adjoining foundation is not required.

    R403.3.2 Protection of horizontal insulation below ground. Horizontal insulation placed less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the ground surface or that portion of horizontal insulation extending outward more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the foundation edge shall be protected against damage by use of a concrete slab or asphalt paving on the ground surface directly above the insulation or by cementitious board, plywood rated for below-ground use, or other approved materials placed below ground, directly above the top surface of the insulation.

    R403.3.3 Drainage. Final grade shall be sloped in accordance with Section R401.3. In other than Group I Soils, as detailed in Table R401.4.1(2), gravel or crushed stone beneath horizontal insulation below ground shall drain to daylight or into an approved sewer system.

    R403.3.4 Termite protection. The use of foam plastic in areas of “very heavy” termite infestation probability shall be in accordance with Section R305.4.

    R403.4 Footings for precast concrete foundations. Footings for precast concrete foundations shall comply with Section R403.4.

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    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.4(1)—BASEMENT OR CRAWL SPACE WITH PRECAST FOUNDATION WALL BEARING ON CRUSHED STONE

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    FOUNDATIONS

    TABLE R403.4—MINIMUM DEPTH (D) AND WIDTH (W) OF CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGSa, b (inches) Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 Col11 Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 Col17 Col18 Col19 Col20 Col21
    ** NUMBER**
    OF
    STORIES    		 ** UNIFORM**
    WALL LOAD    		 ** DEPTH (D)
    AND WIDTH
    (W)**    		 ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL
  • CRC § 4.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|

    R403.4.1 Crushed stone footings. Clean crushed stone shall be free from organic, clayey or silty soils. Crushed stone shall be angular in nature and meet ASTM C33, with the maximum size stone not to exceed [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) and the minimum stone size not to be smaller than [1] / 16 inch (1.6 mm). Crushed stone footings for precast foundations shall be installed in accordance with Figure R403.4(1) and Table R403.4. Crushed stone footings shall be consolidated using a vibratory plate in not greater than 8-inch (203 mm) lifts. Crushed stone footings shall be limited to Seismic Design Categories A, B and C.

    R403.4.2 Concrete footings. Concrete footings shall be installed in accordance with Section R403.1 and Figure R403.4(2).

  • CRC § 44.0 Medium relevance — show source text

    0|44.0|25.0|21.5| |≤ 130||10|NP|13.0|7.5|6.5| |≤ 130||20|NP|24.0|13.5|11.5| |≤ 130||30|NP|34.5|19.5|17.0| |≤ 130||40|NP|44.5|25.5|22.0| |≤ 130||50|NP|55.0|31.5|26.5| |≤ 130||60|NP|65.0|37.5|31.5| |< 140||10|5.5|5.5|3.0|2.5| |< 140||20|10.0|10.0|5.5|5.0| |< 140||30|14.0|14.0|8.0|7.0| |< 140||40|18.0|18.0|10.5|9.0| |< 140||50|22.5|22.5|13.0|11.0| |< 140||60|26.5|26.5|15.0|13.0| |< 140||10|10.0|10.0|6.0|5.0| |< 140||20|18.5|18.5|11.0|9.0| |< 140||30|27.0|27.0|15.5|13.0| |< 140||40|35.0|35.0|20.0|17.0| |< 140||50|43.0|43.0|24.5|21.0| |< 140||60|51.0|51.0|29.0|25.0| |< 140||10|NP|15.0|8.5|7.5| |< 140||20|NP|27.5|16.0|13.5| |< 140||30|NP|39.5|23.0|19.5| |< 140||40|NP|51.5|29.5|25.0| |< 140||50|NP|63.5|36.5|31.0| |< 140||60|NP|75.5|43.0|36.5| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
    b. Method LIB shall have gypsum board fastened to not less than one side with nails or screws in accordance with Table R602.3(1) for exterior sheathing or Table R702.3.5 for
    interior gypsum board. Spacing of fasteners at panel edges shall not exceed 8 inches.
    c. Where three or more parallel braced wall lines are present and the distances between adjacent braced wall lines are different, the average dimension shall be permitted to be
    used for braced wall line spacing.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. Linear interpolation shall be permitted.
    b.

  • CRC § 4-19 Medium relevance — show source text

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    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.3(4)—INSULATION PLACEMENT FOR FROST-PROTECTED FOOTINGS ADJACENT TO HEATED STRUCTURE

    B

    C

    Col1 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6
    C C C C

    R403.3.1 Foundations adjoining frost-protected shallow foundations. Foundations that adjoin frost-protected shallow foundations shall be protected from frost in accordance with Section R403.1.4.

    R403.3.1.1 Attachment to unheated slab-on-ground structure. Vertical wall insulation and horizontal insulation of frostprotected shallow foundations that adjoin a slab-on-ground foundation that does not have a monthly mean temperature maintained at not less than 64°F (18°C) shall be in accordance with Figure R403.3(3) and Table R403.3(1). Vertical wall insulation shall extend between the frost-protected shallow foundation and the adjoining slab foundation. Required horizontal insulation shall be continuous under the adjoining slab foundation and through any foundation walls adjoining the frostprotected shallow foundation. Where insulation passes through a foundation wall, it shall be either of a type complying with this section and having bearing capacity equal to or greater than the structural loads imposed by the building, or the building shall be designed and constructed using beams, lintels, cantilevers or other means of transferring building loads such that the structural loads of the building do not bear on the insulation.

    R403.3.1.2 Attachment to heated structure. Where a frost-protected shallow foundation abuts a structure that has a monthly mean temperature maintained at not less than 64°F (18°C), horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall not be required between the frost-protected shallow foundation and the adjoining structure. Where the frost-protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure, the horizontal insulation and vertical wall insulation shall extend along the adjoining foundation in accordance with Figure R403.3(4) a distance of not less than Dimension A in Table R403.3(1).

    Exception: Where the frost-protected shallow foundation abuts the heated structure to form an inside corner, vertical insulation extending along the adjoining foundation is not required.

    R403.3.2 Protection of horizontal insulation below ground. Horizontal insulation placed less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the ground surface or that portion of horizontal insulation extending outward more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the foundation edge shall be protected against damage by use of a concrete slab or asphalt paving on the ground surface directly above the insulation or by cementitious board, plywood rated for below-ground use, or other approved materials placed below ground, directly above the top surface of the insulation.

    R403.3.3 Drainage. Final grade shall be sloped in accordance with Section R401.3. In other than Group I Soils, as detailed in Table R401.4.1(2), gravel or crushed stone beneath horizontal insulation below ground shall drain to daylight or into an approved sewer system.

    R403.3.4 Termite protection. The use of foam plastic in areas of “very heavy” termite infestation probability shall be in accordance with Section R305.4.

    R403.4 Footings for precast concrete foundations. Footings for precast concrete foundations shall comply with Section R403.4.

  • CRC § 4-22 Medium relevance — show source text

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    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.5(1)—CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGS FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B, AND C AND WIND EXPOSURE CATEGORIES B, C, AND D: CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL WITH WOOD CRIPPLE WALL

    MIN. CLEARANCE PER

    SECTIONS R404.1.6 AND

    R304.1 TYP.

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    GREATER DEPTH FOR FROST

    PROTECTION WHERE

    APPLIABLE PER SECTION

    R403.1.4.1

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

    FOUNDATION WALL PER TABLE

    R403.5 W/ #4 HORIZONTAL REBAR @ 18" OC. MIN.

    PLACE ONE #4 REBAR W/ 3" CLEAR

    FROM BOTTOM AND ONE #4 REBAR

    W/ 2" CLR FROM TOP

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    AREA OF EXTENDED CRUSHED

    STONE FOOTING DEPTH AT

    WIDTH 'W' TO BELOW FROST

    LINE WHERE APPLICABLE

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-23

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.5(3)—CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGS FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B, AND C AND WIND EXPOSURE CATEGORIES B, C, AND D: CONCRETE SLAB-ON-GROUND WITH TURNED DOWN FOUNDATION

    SILL PLATE AND ANCHORAGE

    PER SECTION R403.5 ANCHORS

    WITH 7" MIN. EMBEDMENT

    MIN. CLEARANCE PER

    SECTIONS R404.1.6 AND

    R304.1 TYP.

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    GREATER DEPTH FOR FROST

    PROTECTION WHERE

    APPLICABLE PER SECTION

    R403.1.4.1

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    |TABLE R403.5—MINIMUM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL
    DIMENSIONS,

  • CRC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    at 72|#4 at 72|#4 at 72| |8 feet 8 inches|6 feet|#4 at 72|#4 at 72|#5 at 72| |8 feet 8 inches|7 feet|#4 at 72|#5 at 72|#6 at 72| |8 feet 8 inches|8 feet 8 inches|#5 at 72|#7 at 72|#6 at 48| |9 feet 4 inches|4 feet (or less)|#4 at 72|#4 at 72|#4 at 72| |9 feet 4 inches|5 feet|#4 at 72|#4 at 72|#4 at 72| |9 feet 4 inches|6 feet|#4 at 72|#5 at 72|#5 at 72| |9 feet 4 inches|7 feet|#4 at 72|#5 at 72|#6 at 72| |9 feet 4 inches|8 feet|#5 at 72|#6 at 72|#6 at 56| |9 feet 4 inches|9 feet 4 inches|#6 at 72|#6 at 48|#6 at 40| |10 feet|4 feet (or less)|#4 at 72|#4 at 72|#4 at 72| |10 feet|5 feet|#4 at 72|#4 at 72|#4 at 72| |10 feet|6 feet|#4 at 72|#5 at 72|#5 at 72| |10 feet|7 feet|#4 at 72|#6 at 72|#6 at 72| |10 feet|8 feet|#5 at 72|#6 at 72|#6 at 48| |10 feet|9 feet|#6 at 72|#6 at 56|#6 at 40| |10 feet|10 feet|#6 at 64|#6 at 40|#6 at 32| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.157 kPa/mm.
    a. Mortar shall be Type M or S and masonry shall be laid in running bond.
    b. Alternative reinforcing bar sizes and spacings having an equivalent cross-sectional area of reinforcement per lineal foot of wall shall be permitted provided the spacing of the
    reinforcement does not exceed 72 inches in Seismic Design Categories A, B and C, and 48 inches in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2.
    c. Vertical reinforcement shall be Grade 60 minimum. The distance,d, from the face of the soil side of the wall to the center of vertical reinforcement shall be not less than 8.75 inches.
    d. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System and design lateral soil loads are for moist conditions without hydrostatic pressure. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).
    e. Unbalanced backfill height is the difference in height between the exterior finish ground level and the lower of the top of the concrete footing that supports the foundation
    wall or the interior finish ground levels. Where an interior concrete slab-on-grade is provided and in contact with the interior surface of the foundation wall, measurement of
    the unbalanced backfill height is permitted to be measured from the exterior finish ground level to the top of the interior concrete slab is permitted.
    f. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot per foot = 0.157 kPa/mm.
    a.

  • CRC § 1.3.5.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    R403.1.3.5.4 Lap splices. Vertical and horizontal reinforcement shall be the longest lengths practical. Where splices are necessary in reinforcement, the length of lap splice shall be in accordance with Table R608.5.4(1) and Figure R608.5.4(1). The maximum gap between noncontact parallel bars at a lap splice shall not exceed the smaller of one-fifth the required lap length and 6 inches (152 mm) [see Figure R608.5.4(1)].

    R403.1.3.6 Isolated concrete footings. In detached one- and two-family dwellings that are three stories or less in height and constructed with stud bearing walls, isolated plain concrete footings supporting columns or pedestals are permitted.

    R403.1.4 Minimum depth. Exterior footings shall be placed not less than 12 inches (305 mm) below the undisturbed ground surface. Where applicable, the depth of footings shall also conform to Section R403.1.4.1. Deck footings shall be in accordance with Section R507.3.

    R403.1.4.1 Frost protection. Except where otherwise protected from frost, foundation walls, piers and other permanent supports of buildings and structures shall be protected from frost by one or more of the following methods:

    1. Extended below the frost line specified in Table R301.2.

    2. Constructed in accordance with Section R403.3.

    3. Constructed in accordance with ASCE 32.

    4. Erected on solid rock.

    Footings shall not bear on frozen soil unless the frozen condition is permanent.

    Exceptions:

    1. Protection of free-standing accessory structures with an area of 600 square feet (56 m [2] ) or less, of light-frame construction, with an eave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be required.
    2. Protection of free-standing accessory structures with an area of 400 square feet (37 m [2] ) or less, of other than lightframe construction, with an eave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be required.

    4-14 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FOUNDATIONS

    R403.1.5 Slope. The top surface of footings shall be level. The bottom surface of footings shall not have a slope exceeding 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). Footings shall be stepped where it is necessary to change the elevation of the top surface of the footings or where the slope of the bottom surface of the footings will exceed 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10percent slope).

    R403.1.6 Foundation anchorage. Wood sill plates and wood walls supported directly on continuous foundations shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.

    Cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored directly to the foundation or fastened to wood sill plates in accordance with Section R505.3.1 or R603.3.1, as applicable. Wood sill plates supporting cold-formed steel framing shall be anchored to the foundation in accordance with this section.

  • CRC § 7-11 Medium relevance — show source text

    000|7-11|9-0|6-11|7-2|6-5|6-1|5-8|4-9|4-7| |24k|1-#4|60,000|9-9|11-0|8-5|8-9|7-10|7-5|6-10|5-9|5-7| |24k|1-#5|40,000|9-11|11-2|8-7|8-11|8-0|7-7|7-0|5-11|5-9| |24k|1-#5|60,000|12-1|13-8|10-6|10-10|9-9|9-3|8-6|7-2|7-0| |24k|2-#4
    1-#6|40,000|11-2|12-8|9-9|10-1|9-1|8-7|7-11|6-8|6-6| |24k|2-#4
    1-#6|60,000|15-7|17-7|12-8|13-4|11-6|10-8|9-8|7-11|7-8| |24k|2-#5|40,000|14-11|18-0|12-2|12-10|11-1|10-3|9-4|7-8|7-5| |24k|2-#5|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR| |24k|Center distance_A_n, o|Center distance_A_n, o|2-0|2-6|1-6|1-7|1-4|1-2|1-0|STL|STL| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, Grade 40 = 280 MPa, Grade 60 = 420 MPa.
    a. Where lintels are formed with screen-grid forms, form material shall be removed if necessary to create top and bottom flanges of the lintel that are not less than 5 inches in
    width and not less than 2.5 inches in depth (in the vertical direction). See Figure R608.8(4). Flat-form lintels shall be permitted in lieu of screen-grid lintels. See Tables
    R608.8(2) through R608.8(5).
    b. See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thickness and minimum dimensions and spacings of cores.
    c. Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. See Notes m and o. Table values are based on uniform loading. See Section
    R608.7.2.1 for lintels supporting concentrated loads.
    d. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the clear span of the lintel in inches, or1/2 inch, whichever is less.
    e. Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads.
    f. DR indicates design required. STL indicates stirrups required throughout lintel.
    g.

  • CRC § 7-11 Medium relevance — show source text

    000|7-11|9-0|6-11|7-2|6-5|6-0|5-7|4-8|4-7| |24wj|1-#4|60,000|9-8|10-11|8-5|8-9|7-10|7-4|6-10|5-9|5-7| |24wj|1-#5|40,000|9-10|11-2|8-7|8-11|8-0|7-6|7-0|5-10|5-8| |24wj|1-#5|60,000|12-0|13-7|10-6|10-10|9-9|9-2|8-6|7-2|6-11| |24wj|2-#4
    1-#6|40,000|11-1|12-7|9-8|10-1|9-1|8-6|7-10|6-7|6-5| |24wj|2-#4
    1-#6|60,000|15-6|17-7|13-6|14-0|12-8|11-10|10-8|8-7|8-4| |24wj|2-#5|40,000|15-6|17-11|12-8|13-4|11-6|10-7|9-7|7-10|7-7| |24wj|2-#5|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR| |24wj|Center distance_A_m, n|Center distance_A_m, n|2-4|3-0|1-9|1-11|1-6|1-4|1-2|STL|STL| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, Grade 40 = 280 MPa, Grade 60 = 420 MPa.
    a. Where lintels are formed with waffle-grid forms, form material shall be removed, if necessary, to create top and bottom flanges of the lintel that are not less than 3 inches in
    depth (in the vertical direction), are not less than 5 inches in width for 6-inch-nominal waffle-grid forms and not less than 7 inches in width for 8-inch-nominal waffle-grid
    forms. See Figure R608.8(3). Flat form lintels shall be permitted in place of waffle-grid lintels. See Tables R608.8(2) through R608.8(5).
    b. See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thicknesses and minimum dimensions and spacing of cores.
    c. Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. See Notes l and n. Table values are based on uniform loading. See Section
    R608.8.2 for lintels supporting concentrated loads.
    d. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the clear span of the lintel in inches, or1/2 inch, whichever is less.
    e. Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads.
    f. DR indicates design required. STL indicates stirrups required throughout lintel.
    g.

  • California Residential Code Medium relevance — show source text

    FOUNDATIONS

    TABLE R403.4—MINIMUM DEPTH (D) AND WIDTH (W) OF CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGSa, b (inches) Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 Col11 Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 Col17 Col18 Col19 Col20 Col21
    ** NUMBER**
    OF
    STORIES    		 ** UNIFORM**
    WALL LOAD    		 ** DEPTH (D)
    AND WIDTH
    (W)**    		 ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)**
    ** NUMBER**
    OF
    STORIES    		 ** UNIFORM**
    WALL LOAD    		 ** DEPTH (D)
    AND WIDTH
    (W)**    		 ** 1,500** ** 1,500** ** 1,500** ** 2,000** ** 2,000** ** 2,000** ** 2,500** ** 2,500** ** 2,500** ** 3,000** ** 3,000** ** 3,000** ** 3,500** ** 3,500** ** 3,500** ** 4,000** ** 4,000** ** 4,000**
    ** NUMBER**
    OF
    STORIES    		 ** UNIFORM**
    WALL LOAD    		 ** DEPTH (D)
    AND WIDTH
    (W)**    		 ** MH, CH,**
    CL, MLc    		 ** MH, CH,**
    CL, MLc    		 ** MH, CH,**
    CL, MLc    		 ** SC, GC, SM,**
    GM, SP, SWc    		 ** SC, GC, SM,**
    GM, SP, SWc    		 ** SC, GC, SM,**
    GM, SP, SWc    		 ** GP, GWc** ** GP, GWc** ** GP,
  • CRC § 1.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    AREA OF EXTENDED CRUSHED

    STONE FOOTING DEPTH AT

    WIDTH 'W' TO BELOW FROST

    LINE WHERE APPLICABLE

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-23

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.5(3)—CRUSHED STONE FOOTINGS FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B, AND C AND WIND EXPOSURE CATEGORIES B, C, AND D: CONCRETE SLAB-ON-GROUND WITH TURNED DOWN FOUNDATION

    SILL PLATE AND ANCHORAGE

    PER SECTION R403.5 ANCHORS

    WITH 7" MIN. EMBEDMENT

    MIN. CLEARANCE PER

    SECTIONS R404.1.6 AND

    R304.1 TYP.

    TOP OF FOOTING MIN. 4 IN.

    BELOW UNDISTURBED GROUND

    SURFACE

    12 IN. MIN. FOOTING DEPTH PER

    SECTION R403.1.4

    GREATER DEPTH FOR FROST

    PROTECTION WHERE

    APPLICABLE PER SECTION

    R403.1.4.1

    NOT TO SCALE

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.5 mm.

    TABLE R403.5—MINIMUM CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL
    DIMENSIONS, REINFORCEMENT AND MAXIMUM BRACED WALL LINE SPACING    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5
    WIND
    EXPOSURE
    CATEOGRY    		 ULTIMATE DESIGN
    WIND SPEED
    (miles per hour)    		 MINIMUM STEM
    WALL WIDTH
    (inches)
    MI
    W    		 NIMUM STEM
    ALL HEIGHT
    (inches)
    MINIMUM
    HORIZONTAL
    REBAR    		 MAXIMUM BRACED
    WALL LINE SPACING
    (feet)
    B < 140 6 12
    (2) - #4    		 28
    C and D < 140 8 18
    (3) - #4    		 25
    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mph = 0.447 m/s. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mph = 0.447 m/s. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mph = 0.447 m/s. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mph = 0.447 m/s. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mph = 0.447 m/s.
  • CRC § 19.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    1. Structural reinforcing steel shall meet the requirements of ASTM A615, A706M or A996M. The minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi (Grade 40) (276 MPa). Steel reinforcement for precast concrete foundation walls shall have a minimum concrete cover of [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm).

    2. Panel-to-panel connections shall be made with Grade II steel fasteners.

    3. The use of nonstructural fibers shall conform to ASTM C1116.

    4. Grout used for bedding precast foundations placed on concrete footings shall meet ASTM C1107.

    R402.4 Masonry. Masonry systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this chapter and shall have a minimum specified compressive strength of 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa).

    SECTION R403—FOOTINGS

    R403.1 General. All exterior walls shall be supported on continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings, crushed stone footings, wood foundations, or other approved structural systems that shall be of sufficient design to accommodate all loads according to Section R301 and to transmit the resulting loads to the soil within the limitations as determined from the character of the soil. Footings shall be supported on undisturbed natural soils or engineered fill. Concrete footing shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of Section R403 or in accordance with ACI 332.

    TABLE R403.1(1)—MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR
    CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches)a, b, c, d    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8
    ** GROUND SNOW LOAD**
    OR ROOF LIVE LOAD    		 ** STORY AND TYPE OF**
    STRUCTURE WITH LIGHT
    FRAME    		 ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)** ** LOAD-BEARING VALUE OF SOIL (psf)**
    ** GROUND SNOW LOAD**
    OR ROOF LIVE LOAD    		 ** STORY AND TYPE OF**
    STRUCTURE WITH LIGHT
    FRAME    		 ** 1,500** ** 2,000** ** 2,500** ** 3,000** ** 3,500** ** 4,000**
    20 psf roof live load or 25 psf
    ground snow load    		 1 story—slab-on-grade 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    20 psf roof live load or 25 psf
    ground snow load    		 1 story—with crawl space 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    20 psf roof live load or 25 psf
    ground snow load    		 1 story—plus basement 16 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    20 psf roof live load or 25 psf
    ground snow load    		 2 story—slab-on-grade 13 × 6 12 ×
  • CRC § 8.8 Medium relevance — show source text

    **
    HOURS| |ITEM CODE|DEPTH|CONSTRUCTION DETAILS|LOAD|TIME|PRE-BMS-92|BMS-92|POST-BMS-92|POST-BMS-92|POST-BMS-92| |B-11-RC-1|11″|24″ wide × 11″ deep reinforced concrete “T”
    beam (3290 psi); details: see Note 5 figure.|8.8 tons|4 hrs
    2 min|||7|1, 2, 14|4| |B-10-RC-2|10″|24″ wide × 10″ deep reinforced concrete “T”
    beam (4370 psi); details: see Note 6 figure.|8.8 tons|1 hr
    53
    min|||7|1, 3|13/4| |B-10-RC-3|101/2″|24″ wide × 101/2″ deep reinforced concrete
    “T” beam (4450 psi); details: see Note 7
    figure.|8.8 tons|2 hrs
    40
    min|||7|1, 3|22/3| |B-11-RC-4|11″|24″ wide × 11″ deep reinforced concrete “T”
    beam (2400 psi); details: see Note 8 figure.|8.8 tons|3 hrs
    32
    min|||7|1, 3, 14|31/2| |B-11-RC-5|11″|24″ wide × 11″ deep reinforced concrete “T”
    beam (4250 psi); details: see Note 9 figure.|8.8 tons|3 hrs
    3 min|||7|1, 3, 14|3| |B-11-RC-6|11″|Concrete flange: 4″ deep × 2' wide (4895 psi)
    concrete; concrete beam: 7″ deep × 61/2″
    wide; “I” beam reinforcement; 10″ × 41/2″ ×
    25 lbs R.S.J.; 1″ cover on flanges; flange rein-
    forcement:3/8″ diameter bars at 6″ pitch
    parallel to “T”; 1/4″ diameter bars perpendic-
    ular to “T”; beam reinforcement: 4″ × 6″ No.
    13 SWG wire mesh; span: 11' restrained;
    details: see Note 10 figure.|10 tons|6 hrs|||7|1, 4|6| |B-11-RC-7|11″|Concrete flange: 6″ deep × 1' 61/2″ wide (3525
    psi) concrete; concrete beam: 5″ deep × 8″
    wide precast concrete blocks 83/4″ long; “I”
    beam reinforcement; 7″ × 4″ × 16 lbs R.S.J.

  • CRC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    See Section R402.2 for maximum cementitious materials content.
    f. For garage floors with a steel-troweled finish, reduction of the total air content (percent by volume of concrete) to not less than 3 percent is permitted if the specified
    compressive strength of the concrete is increased to not less than 4,000 psi.|

    R402.2.1 Materials for concrete. Materials for concrete shall comply with the requirements of Section R608.5.1.

    R402.3 Precast concrete. Precast concrete foundations shall be designed in accordance with Section R404.5 and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and the manufacturer’s instructions.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-5

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FOUNDATIONS

    R402.3.1 Precast concrete foundation materials. Materials used to produce precast concrete foundations shall meet the following requirements:

    1. All concrete used in the manufacture of precast concrete foundations shall have a minimum compressive strength of 5,000 psi (34 470 kPa) at 28 days. Concrete exposed to a freezing and thawing environment shall be air entrained with a minimum total air content of 5 percent.

    2. Structural reinforcing steel shall meet the requirements of ASTM A615, A706M or A996M. The minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel shall be 40,000 psi (Grade 40) (276 MPa). Steel reinforcement for precast concrete foundation walls shall have a minimum concrete cover of [3] / 4 inch (19.1 mm).

    3. Panel-to-panel connections shall be made with Grade II steel fasteners.

    4. The use of nonstructural fibers shall conform to ASTM C1116.

    5. Grout used for bedding precast foundations placed on concrete footings shall meet ASTM C1107.

    R402.4 Masonry. Masonry systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with this chapter and shall have a minimum specified compressive strength of 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa).

    SECTION R403—FOOTINGS

    R403.1 General. All exterior walls shall be supported on continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings, crushed stone footings, wood foundations, or other approved structural systems that shall be of sufficient design to accommodate all loads according to Section R301 and to transmit the resulting loads to the soil within the limitations as determined from the character of the soil. Footings shall be supported on undisturbed natural soils or engineered fill. Concrete footing shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of Section R403 or in accordance with ACI 332.

    |TABLE R403.1(1)—MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR
    CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches)a, b, c,

  • CRC § 2.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    2 � 6 IN. STUD INSULATED

    AS APPROPRIATE AND WARM SIDE

    VAPOR BARRIER

    FINISH GRADE SLOPE [1] / 2 IN. PER FOOT, MIN. 6 FT. FROM WALL

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVETREATED PLYWOOD (SEE TABLE R404.2.3)

    6 MIL POLYETHYLENE FILM

    6 MIL POLYETHYLENE FILM ON CRUSHED STONE OR GRAVEL BACKFILL

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 6 IN. BOTTOM

    Col1 2-IN. AIR GAP
    . BACKFILL) 2-IN. AIR GAP
    4 IN.
    1-IN.-THICK PRESSURE
    TREATED LUMBER OR
    PROTECTING TOP OF P
    PRESS
    TREAT
    PLATE
    PRES
    TREA
    PLATE
    .
    HED
    4 IN.
    16 IN    		 HED
    4 IN.
    16 IN

    STONE FILL UNDER FLOOR (SEE SECTION R403.2)

    6 IN.

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mil = 0.0254 mm.

    FIGURE R403.1(3)—PERMANENT WOOD FOUNDATION CRAWL SPACE SECTION

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED

    6 MIL POLYETHYLENE FILM

    6 IN.

    6 IN. GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE (SEE SECTION R403.2)

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mil = 0.0254 mm.

    FINISH GRADE SLOPE [1] / 2 IN. PER FOOT, MIN. 6 FT. FROM WALL

    16 IN.

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 6 IN. STUD WALL

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED PLYWOOD (SEE TABLE R404.2.3)

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 6 IN. BOTTOM PLATE

    PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVE TREATED 2 � 8 IN. FOOTING PLATE

    BELOW FROST LINE

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-11

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    �

    FOUNDATIONS

    R403.1.1 Minimum size. The minimum width, W, and thickness, T, for concrete footings shall be in accordance with Tables R403.1(1) through R403.1(3) and Figure R403.1(1) or R403.1.3, as applicable, but not less than 12 inches (305 mm) in width and 6 inches (152 mm) in depth. The footing width shall be based on the load-bearing value of the soil in accordance with Table R401.4.1(1). Footing projections, P, shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) and shall not exceed the thickness of the footing. Footing thickness and projection for fireplaces shall be in accordance with Section R1001.2. The size of footings supporting piers and columns shall be based on the tributary load and allowable soil pressure in accordance with Table R401.4.1(1).

  • CRC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    300 plf|D|30|29|27|21|19|18|16|14|12|12|10|8|9|8|6|7|6|4| |3-story|5,300 plf|W|43|44|44|33|32|33|27|27|26|22|22|22|19|20|19|17|17|17| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System.

  • CRC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    solid or fully grouted masonry**|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry|8-inch solid or fully grouted masonry| |1-story|2,000 plf|D|7|6|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4| |1-story|2,000 plf|W|17|17|17|13|15|17|13|15|17|13|15|17|13|15|17|13|15|17| |2-story|3,600 plf|D|19|17|15|12|11|9|9|7|5|6|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|4| |2-story|3,600 plf|W|30|30|30|22|23|23|19|19|18|15|15|17|13|15|17|13|15|17| |3-story|5,300 plf|D|30|29|27|21|19|18|16|14|12|12|10|8|9|8|6|7|6|4| |3-story|5,300 plf|W|43|44|44|33|32|33|27|27|26|22|22|22|19|20|19|17|17|17| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b. Crushed stone must be consolidated in 8-inch lifts with a plate vibrator.
    c. Soil classes are in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System. Refer to Table R401.4.1(2).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 plf = 14.6 N/m, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted within each Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf).
    b.

  • CRC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    Area, in square feet, of deck surface supported by post and footings.
    h. Interpolation permitted. Extrapolation not permitted.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. Measured from the underside of the beam to the top of footing or pier.
    b. 10 psf dead load. Snow load not assumed to be concurrent with live load.
    c. No. 2 grade, wet service factor included.
    d. Notched deck posts shall be sized to accommodate beam size in accordance with Section R507.5.2.
    e. Includes incising factor.
    f. Incising factor not included.
    g. Area, in square feet, of deck surface supported by post and footings.
    h. Interpolation permitted. Extrapolation not permitted.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. Measured from the underside of the beam to the top of footing or pier.
    b. 10 psf dead load. Snow load not assumed to be concurrent with live load.
    c. No. 2 grade, wet service factor included.
    d. Notched deck posts shall be sized to accommodate beam size in accordance with Section R507.5.2.
    e. Includes incising factor.
    f. Incising factor not included.
    g. Area, in square feet, of deck surface supported by post and footings.
    h. Interpolation permitted. Extrapolation not permitted.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    NP = Not Permitted.
    a. Measured from the underside of the beam to the top of footing or pier.
    b. 10 psf dead load. Snow load not assumed to be concurrent with live load.
    c. No. 2 grade, wet service factor included.
    d. Notched deck posts shall be sized to accommodate beam size in accordance with Section R507.5.2.
    e. Includes incising factor.
    f. Incising factor not included.
    g. Area, in square feet, of deck surface supported by post and footings.
    h. Interpolation permitted. Extrapolation not permitted.|

    R507.4.1 Deck post to deck footing connection. Where posts bear on concrete footings in accordance with Section R403 and Figure R507.3, lateral restraint shall be provided by approved c onnectors or a minimum post embedment of 12 inches (305 mm) in surrounding soils or concrete piers.

    Exception: Where expansive, compressible, shifting or other questionable soils are present, surrounding soils shall not be relied on for lateral support.

  • CRC § 4-6 Medium relevance — show source text

    story—plus basement|18 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—slab-on-grade|15 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—with crawl space|17 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—plus basement|21 × 7|15 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—slab-on-grade|18 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—with crawl space|20 × 6|15 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—plus basement|24 × 8|18 × 6|14 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|

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    FOUNDATIONS

    TABLE R403.1(1)—MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR
    CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches)a, b, c, d—continued    		 Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8
    70 psf 1 story—slab-on-grade 14 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 1 story—with crawl space 16 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 1 story—plus basement 19 × 6 14 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 2 story—slab-on-grade 17 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 2 story—with crawl space 19 × 6 14 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 2 story—plus basement 22 × 7 17 × 6 13 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 3 story—slab-on-grade 20 × 6 15 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 3 story—with crawl space 22 × 7 16 × 6 13 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    70 psf 3 story—plus basement 24 × 8 19 × 6 15 × 6 13 × 6 12 × 6 12 × 6
    For SI: 1 inch = 25.
  • CRC § 4-6 Medium relevance — show source text

    6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |30 psf|3 story—with crawl space|19 × 6|14 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |30 psf|3 story—plus basement|22 × 7|16 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|1 story—slab-on-grade|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|1 story—with crawl space|14 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|1 story—plus basement|18 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—slab-on-grade|15 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—with crawl space|17 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|2 story—plus basement|21 × 7|15 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—slab-on-grade|18 × 6|13 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—with crawl space|20 × 6|15 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6| |50 psf|3 story—plus basement|24 × 8|18 × 6|14 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|12 × 6|

    4-6 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    FOUNDATIONS

    |TABLE R403.1(1)—MINIMUM WIDTH AND THICKNESS FOR
    CONCRETE FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION (inches)a, b, c,

  • CRC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    Where the building width perpendicular to the wall footing is greater than 32 feet, the footing width shall be increased by 2 inches and footing depth shall be increased by 1
    inch for every 4 feet of increase in building width.
    d. Where the building width perpendicular to the wall footing is less than 32 feet, a 2-inch decrease in footing width and 1-inch decrease in footing depth is permitted for every 4
    feet of decrease in building width provided that the minimum width is 12 inches and minimum depth is 6 inches.
    SLAB
    ON GRADE
    BASEMENT
    CRAWL
    SPACE|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 47.9 N/m2.
    a. Linear interpolation of footing width is permitted between the soil bearing pressures in the table. Extrapolation is not permitted.
    b. The table is based on the following conditions and loads: building width, 32 feet; wall height, 9 feet; basement wall height, 8 feet; dead loads, 15 psf roof and ceiling assembly,
    10 psf floor assembly, 12 psf wall assembly; live loads, roof and ground snow loads as listed, 40 psf first floor, 30 psf second and third floors. Footing sizes are calculated
    assuming a clear span roof/ceiling assembly and an interior bearing wall or beam at each floor.
    c. Where the building width perpendicular to the wall footing is greater than 32 feet, the footing width shall be increased by 2 inches and footing depth shall be increased by 1
    inch for every 4 feet of increase in building width.
    d. Where the building width perpendicular to the wall footing is less than 32 feet, a 2-inch decrease in footing width and 1-inch decrease in footing depth is permitted for every 4
    feet of decrease in building width provided that the minimum width is 12 inches and minimum depth is 6 inches.
    SLAB
    ON GRADE
    BASEMENT
    CRAWL
    SPACE|

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-9

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    FOUNDATIONS

    FIGURE R403.1(1)—PLAIN CONCRETE FOOTINGS WITH MASONRY AND CONCRETE STEM WALLS IN SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B AND C [a, b, c, d, e, f]

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. W = Width of footing, T = Thickness of footing and P = Projection per Section R403.1.1.

    NOTES:

    a. See Section R404.3 for sill requirements. b. See Section R403.1.6 for sill attachment.

    c. See Section R506.3.3 for vapor barrier requirements. d. See Section R403.1 for base.

    e. See Figure R403.1.3 for additional footing requirements for structures in Seismic Design Categories D 0, D 1 and D 2 and townhouses in Seismic Design Category C. f. See Section R408 for under-floor ventilation and access requirements.

    4-10 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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    FOUNDATIONS

Frequently asked questions

When may I use crushed‑stone footings with a precast foundation?

You may use crushed‑stone footings for precast foundations only when installed per § R403.4 and § R403.4.1 (material gradation, consolidation, D/W from Table R403.4) and only in SDC A, B or C.

What stone size and compaction are required?

Stone must be angular ASTM C33 with maximum 1/2 in (12.7 mm) and minimum 1/16 in (1.6 mm); consolidated with a vibratory plate in lifts no thicker than 8 in (203 mm). § R403.4.1.

Do I still need drainage if I use crushed stone footings?

Yes. Precast walls on crushed stone footings require a perforated drain at or below the wall base that extends not less than 1 ft (305 mm) beyond the wall edge; exterior drains must be covered with an approved filter membrane. § R405.1.1.

How do I pick the required stone depth (D) and width (W)?

Select D and W from Table R403.4 using your building’s number of stories/uniform wall load and the site’s soil bearing value and soil class; linear interpolation of stone depth between wall widths is permitted per the table notes. § R403.4 / R403.4.1.

Are special submittals required for precast foundations bearing on crushed stone?

Yes — precast foundation wall design drawings must be submitted and approved and must include loading, footing design/material, concentrated loads, soil bearing capacity, maximum allowable total uniform load, SDC and wind speed; panels must bear a third‑party inspection label. § R404.5.2–R404.5.3.

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