CRC · California Residential Code
What is a 'Handrail'?
A handrail is the graspable rail alongside stairs and ramps required by **§ R320** of the California Residential Code. It must be continuous for the flight, between **34–38 inches** high (measured from the nosing plane), have at least **1 1/2 inches** clearance from the wall, not project more than **4 1/2 inches**, and use a graspable profile that meets the Type I or Type II dimensions in **§ R320.6**; specific exceptions are listed in the section.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — plain English (controlling §)
A handrail is a graspable rail provided for user support on stairs and ramps. The California Residential Code requires handrails to meet specific height, graspability, continuity, projection, and clearance limits found in § R320 (Section R320—Handrails). The CRC text giving these design requirements is in Section R320 (see § R320.1–R320.6) . The CRC definitions chapter is § R202, but the uploaded CRC excerpts do not include a discrete "Handrail" definition entry in § R202 (see Part II / R202) .
A handrail is the graspable rail placed at a specific height alongside stairs or ramps to help people steady themselves — it must be continuous, easy to grip, and within the dimensional limits the CRC sets (see § R320).
Requirements in detail
Below are the decision‑relevant dimensions and criteria you will check when designing, inspecting, or installing a handrail under the CRC. Each row cites the controlling CRC section.
| Decision factor | Required value / rule | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Handrail required location | At stair flights and ramps where handrails are required (see Section R320 for applicability) | § R320.1 |
| Height (typical stairs & ramps) | 34 inches to 38 inches measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing or ramp surface | § R320.2 |
| Height — alternating tread devices / ship’s ladders | 30 inches to 34 inches (uniform) | § R320.2 (exception for special devices) |
| Projection from wall | Maximum 4 1/2 inches on either side into the stairway or ramp | § R320.3 |
| Wall clearance (handrail to wall) | Minimum 1 1/2 inches between handrail and adjacent wall | § R320.4 |
| Continuity | Handrails must be continuous for full flight/run (from above the top nosing to above the lowest nosing); ends must return to wall/guard or self | § R320.5 |
| Grip size — Type I (circular) | Circular: 1 1/4 in min to 2 in max outside diameter | § R320.6 (Type I) |
| Grip size — Type I (non‑circular) | Perimeter 4 in min to 6 1/4 in max; maximum cross‑section dimension 2 1/4 in; edges radius min 0.01 in | § R320.6 (Type I non‑circular) |
| Grip size — Type II | Perimeter > 6 1/4 in; must provide a graspable finger recess area on both sides of profile | § R320.6 (Type II) |
Notes:
- The CRC text for these requirements is in Section R320 (see §§ R320.1–R320.6) and the table rows above are taken from those subsections .
- If a structural or accessibility standard from the California Building Code is applicable to a specific project (e.g., in multi‑unit or public settings), additional CBC/11A/11B details may apply; the CRC provides the residential requirements in R320 as the primary reference for one‑ and two‑family dwellings and similar residential uses .
Grip / cross‑section detail (quick guidance)
- Preferred simple solution: use a circular rail of 1 1/2 in diameter (within the 1 1/4–2 in range) — meets Type I requirements and is easy to grasp (§ R320.6 Type I) .
- Avoid bulky, flat rails without finger recesses unless they meet Type II profile requirements (§ R320.6 Type II) .
Exceptions & special cases
- Handrail height at certain fittings, transitions, volutes, turnouts, or starting easings may exceed the maximum 38 inches (these allowances are explicitly listed in the exceptions to § R320.2) .
- Where nosings or landings project into the stairway and reduce clearance at passing handrails, handrails may project up to 6 1/2 inches into the stairway provided required stair width and handrail clearance remain satisfied (exception to § R320.3) .
- Handrail continuity may be interrupted by a newel post at a turn in flights with winders, at a landing, or over the lowest tread — see the exceptions to § R320.5 .
- The CRC’s Part II definitions chapter is § R202; the uploaded excerpts show R202 exists but do not include a specific "Handrail" entry text. If you need the exact R202 definition wording and it is not in the provided PDF, request the full R202 text or a different code source to confirm whether § R202 defines "Handrail" explicitly .
Common mistakes
- Measuring handrail height from the floor instead of from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing (the code measures relative to the nosing plane — § R320.2) .
- Using a handrail profile that is too large (perimeter > 6 1/4 in) without providing the required finger recess area (Type II rules in § R320.6) .
- Forgetting the 1 1/2 in clearance from adjacent wall (creates pinch points that block a secure grasp) — see § R320.4 .
- Allowing ends that do not return to the wall, guard, or walking surface or that create gaps larger than permitted (handrail ends must return or be continuous per § R320.5) .
- Confusing a guard (protects from falls at an open edge) with a handrail (graspable support). They have different functions and are covered in separate sections (handrail rules are in § R320) .
Worked example — concrete scenario
Scenario: A homeowner is installing a straight interior stair, 12 risers, 10" tread depth, nosing line established. They want a single handrail on one side.
Steps and checks:
- Height: Measure vertically from the sloped plane connecting the tread nosings. Choose a handrail top at 36 inches above that plane — this meets the 34–38 in requirement in § R320.2 .
- Wall clearance: Provide 1 1/2 in between the back of the handrail and the wall so fingers can wrap around — follows § R320.4 .
- Projection: Ensure the handrail does not project more than 4 1/2 in into the stair width from the adjacent wall — per § R320.3 .
- Grip: Use a circular rail of 1 1/2 in diameter (within the 1 1/4–2 in allowed) to satisfy § R320.6 Type I graspability requirements .
- Continuity & terminations: Make the handrail continuous the full flight (from a point directly above the top nosing down to directly above the lowest nosing). At the end, return the rail to the wall or walking surface so it does not create a snag — per § R320.5 .
If the stair had a projecting landing nosing that reduced clearance, check the § R320.3 exception that allows up to 6 1/2 in projection into the stairway when minimum widths and clearances remain satisfied .
Related provisions (CRC)
- § R320 — Section R320, Handrails (primary handrail requirements: height, projection, clearance, continuity, grip size)
- § R202 — Definitions (Part II) — R202 is the definitions chapter; the provided excerpts show R202 exists but do not include a "Handrail" definition text in the uploaded pages
- § R318 — Means of egress / stairs (index entries indicate related egress/stairway requirements)
- § R321 — Fall protection / window fall protection (related to guards and where guards vs handrails apply)
- Note: Accessibility/entrance handrail extensions and additional grip requirements in public settings are covered in CBC/Chapters 11A/11B and related accessibility sections — those are outside the CRC handrail core but may apply on accessible routes; consult the CBC/11A/11B where applicable (noted in CBC excerpts included in the uploaded files) .
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Residential Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRC § 6.4 High relevance — show source text
SECTION R320—HANDRAILS
R320.1 General. Handrails shall comply with Section R320.
R320.2 Height. Handrail height, measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing, or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm). Handrail height on alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders shall be uniform and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm).
Exceptions:
- The use of a volute, turnout or starting easing shall be allowed over the lowest tread.
- Where handrail fittings or bendings are used to provide continuous transition between flights, transitions at winder treads, the transition from handrail to guard, or used at the start of a flight, the handrail height at the fittings or bendings shall be permitted to exceed 38 inches (965 mm). R320.3 Handrail projection. Handrails shall not project more than 4 [1] / 2 inches (114 mm) on either side of the stairway or ramp.
Exception: Where nosings of landings, floors or passing flights project into the stairway reducing the clearance at passing handrails, handrails shall project not more than 6 [1] / 2 inches (165 mm) into the stairway, provided that the stair width and handrail clearance are not reduced to less than that required. R320.4 Handrail clearance. Handrails adjacent to a wall shall have a space of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) between the wall and the handrails.
R320.5 Continuity. Handrails shall be continuous for the full length of the flight, from a point directly above the nosing of the landing at the top of the flight to a point directly above the lowest nosing of the flight. Handrails where required for ramps shall be continuous for the full length of the ramp. A handrail end shall be returned continuous to itself or toward a wall, guard or walking surface. Handrail returns shall not form a gap more than [1] / 4 inch (6.4 mm) from the adjacent wall.
Exceptions:
Handrail continuity shall be permitted to be interrupted by a newel post at a turn in a flight with winders, at a landing, or over the lowest tread.
A volute, turnout or starting easing shall be allowed to terminate over the lowest tread.
R320.6 Grip size. Required handrails shall be of one of the following types or provide equivalent graspability.
- Type I. Handrails with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of not less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (51 mm). If the handrail is not circular, it shall have a perimeter of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) and not greater than 6 [1] / 4 inches (160 mm) and a cross section of not more than 2 [1] / 4 inches (57 mm). Edges shall have a radius of not less than 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).
- Type II. Handrails with a perimeter greater than 6 [1] / 4 inches (160 mm) shall have a graspable finger recess area on both sides of the profile.
CRC § 1115A.6.2.2 High relevance — show source text
1115A.6.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all stairways shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg stairs shall be continuous between stair flights.
1115A.6.2.3 Handrail extensions. At the top of stair flights, handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
At the bottom of stair flights, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Such extension shall continue with 12 inches (305 mm) minimum horizontal extension, shall be contin- uous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight, or shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface. Handrail horizontal extensions shall be in the same direction as the stair flights. (See Figures 11A-6A and 11A-6E.)
1115A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.
Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)
1115A.6.2.5 Handrail gripping surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length, and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. When provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be reduced by [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) for each [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (102 mm).
Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements, and shall have rounded edges.
1115A.6.2.6 Cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall comply with this section, or the shape shall provide equivalent grip- ping surface.
1. Circular cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall not be less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (31.75 mm) nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional dimension.
CRC § 1123A.6.2 High relevance — show source text
1123A.6.2 Handrail configuration.
1123A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the nosing of the treads.
1123A.6.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all stairways shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg stairs shall be continuous between stair flights.
1123A.6.2.3 Handrail extensions. At the top of stair flights, handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
At the bottom of stair flights, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Such extension shall continue with 12 inches (305 mm) minimum horizontal extension, shall be contin- uous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight, or shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface. Handrail horizontal extensions shall be in the same direction as the stair flights. (See Figures 11A-6A and 11A-6E.)
Exception: Stairways within an individual dwelling unit.
1123A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.
Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)
1123A.6.2.5 Handrail gripping surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length, and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. When provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the hand- rail gripping surface. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be reduced by [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) for each [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (102 mm).
Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements, and shall have rounded edges.
1123A.6.2.6 Cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall comply with this section, or the shape shall provide equivalent grip- ping surface.
CRC § 1126A.3 High relevance — show source text
Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearance required by Section 1126A.3 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing area.
1122A.3.6 Change of direction . Intermediate landings at a change of direction shall be sized to provide 60 inches turning space complying with Section 1138A.1.3. Intermediate landings at a change of direction in excess of 30 degrees shall have a length in the direction of ramp run of not less than 72 inches (1829 mm). (See Figures 11A-6C and 11A-6D.)
1122A.4 Ramp height. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the adjacent floor or ground and open on one or both sides shall be provided with a guard as required by Section 1013. Guardrails shall be continuous from the top of the ramp to the bottom of the ramp.
1122A.5 Ramp handrails.
1122A.5.1 Where required. Handrails shall be provided at each side of ramps when the slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in 20 units hori- zontal (5-percent slope).
Exceptions:
1. Curb ramps.
2. Ramps that serve an individual dwelling unit may have one handrail, except that ramps open on one or both sides shall have handrails provided on the open side or sides.
1122A.5.2 Handrail configuration.
1122A.5.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the ramp surface.
1122A.5.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all ramps shall be continuous within the full length of each ramp run. Inside hand- rails on switchback or dogleg ramps shall be continuous between ramp runs.
1122A.5.2.3 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beyond the top and bottom of the ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be contin- uous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run. Handrail extensions shall be in the same direction as the ramp runs. (See Figure 11A-5A.)
1122A.5.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [ 1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.
Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)
CRC § 1114A.5 High relevance — show source text
1114A.5 Ramp height. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the adjacent floor or ground and open on one or both sides shall be provided with guardrails as required by Section 1013. Guardrails shall be continuous from the top of the ramp to the bottom of the ramp.
1114A.6 Ramp handrails.
1114A.6.1 Where required. Handrails shall be provided at each side of ramps when the slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in 20 units hori- zontal (5-percent slope).
Exceptions:
1. Curb ramps.
2. Ramps that serve an individual dwelling unit may have one handrail, except that ramps open on one or both sides shall have handrails provided on the open side or sides.
3. Ramps at exterior door landings with less than 6 inches (152 mm) rise or less than 72 inches (1829 mm) in length.
1114A.6.2 Handrail configuration.
1114A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the ramp surface.
1114A.6.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all ramps shall be continuous within the full length of each ramp run. Inside hand- rails on switchback or dogleg ramps shall be continuous between ramp runs.
1114A.6.2.3 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beyond the top and bottom of the ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run. Handrail extensions shall be in the same direction as the ramp runs. (See Figure 11A-5A.)
1114A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.
Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)
1114A.6.2.5 Handrail gripping surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length, and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. When provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be reduced by [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) for each [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (102 mm).
CRC § 505.7.2 Medium relevance — show source text
11B- 505.7.2 Non-circular cross sections. Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches ( 102 mm) minimum and 6 [1] / 4 inches ( 159 mm) maximum, and a cross-section dimension of 2 [1] / 4 inches (57 mm) maximum.
11B- 505.8 Surfaces . Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements and shall have rounded edges.
11B- 505.9 Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
11B- 505.10 Handrail extensions. Handrail gripping surfaces shall extend beyond and in the same direction of stair flights and ramp runs in accordance with Section 11B- 505.10.
Exceptions:
- Extensions shall not be required for continuous handrails at the inside turn of switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps.
- In assembly areas, extensions shall not be required for ramp handrails in aisles serving seating where the handrails are discontinuous to provide access to seating and to permit crossovers within aisles.
- In alterations, where the extension of the handrail in the direction of stair flight or ramp run would create a hazard, the extension of the handrail may be turned 90 degrees from the direction of stair flight or ramp run.
11B- 505.10.1 Top and bottom extension at ramps. Ramp handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and bottom of ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run.
FIGURE 11B -505.10.1—TOP AND BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT RAMPS
2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 11B-79
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC HOUSING
11B- 505.10.2 Top extension at stairs. At the top of a stair flight, handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
FIGURE 11B -505.10.2—TOP HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
11B- 505.10.3 Bottom extension at stairs. At the bottom of a stair flight, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a horizontal distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. The horizontal extension of a handrail shall be 12 inches (305 mm) long minimum and a height equal to that of the sloping portion of the handrail as measured above the stair nosings. Extension shall return to a wall, guard or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
FIGURE 11B -505.10.3—BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
11B-80 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
CRC § 1030.16.1 Medium relevance — show source text
1030.16.1 Discontinuous mid-aisle handrails. Where there is seating on both sides of the aisle, the mid-aisle handrails shall be discontinuous. Where a stepped aisle is required to have two handrails, the mid-aisle handrails shall be discontinuous. Gaps or breaks shall be provided at intervals not exceeding five rows to facilitate access to seating and to permit crossing from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm) and not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally, and the mid-aisle handrail shall have rounded terminations or bends.
1030.16.2 Handrail termination. Handrails located on the side of stepped aisles shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stepped aisle flight.
1030.16.3 Mid-aisle termination. Mid-aisle handrails shall not extend beyond the lowest riser and shall terminate within 18 inches (381 mm), measured horizontally, from the lowest riser. Handrail extensions are not required.
Exception: Mid-aisle handrails shall be permitted to extend beyond the lowest riser where the handrail extensions do not obstruct the width of the cross aisle.
1030.16.4 Rails. Where mid-aisle handrails are provided in stepped aisles, there shall be an additional rail located approximately 12 inches (305 mm) below the handrail. The rail shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.9.1.2.
1030.17 Assembly guards. Guards adjacent to seating in a building, room or space used for assembly purposes shall be provided where required by Section 1015 and shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1015 except where provided in accordance with Sections 1030.17.1 through 1030.17.4. At bleachers, grandstands and folding and telescopic seating, guards must be provided where required by ICC 300 and Section 1030.17.1.
1030.17.1 Perimeter guards. Perimeter guards shall be provided where the footboards or walking surface of seating facilities are more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below. Where the seatboards are adjacent to the perimeter, guard height shall be 42 inches (1067 mm) high minimum, measured from the seatboard. Where the seats are self-rising, guard height shall be 42 inches (1067 mm) high minimum, measured from the floor surface. Where there is an aisle between the seating and the perimeter, the guard height shall be measured in accordance with Section 1015.3.
Exceptions:
- Guards that impact sightlines shall be permitted to comply with Section 1030.17.3.
- Bleachers, grandstands and folding and telescopic seating shall not be required to have perimeter guards where the seating is located adjacent to a wall and the space between the wall and the seating is less than 4 inches (102 mm).
1030.17.2 Cross aisles. Cross aisles located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall have guards in accordance with Section 1015.
Where an elevation change of 30 inches (762 mm) or less occurs between a cross aisle and the adjacent floor or grade below, guards not less than 26 inches (660 mm) above the aisle floor shall be provided.
CRC § 1014.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Note: Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13143, the California amendments of this section shall apply to all newly constructed buildings or structures, subject to this section, for which a building permit is issued (or construction commenced, where no building permit is issued) on or after January 1, 1989.
SECTION 1014—HANDRAILS
[BE] 1014.1 Where required. Handrails serving flights of stairways, ramps, stepped aisles and ramped aisles shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.9 of the California Building Code . Handrails required for flights of stairways by Section 1011.11 shall comply with Sections 1014.2 through 1014.10. Handrails required for ramps by Section 1012.8 shall comply with Sections 1014.2 through 1014.9. Handrails for stepped aisles and ramped aisles required by Section 1030.16 shall comply with Sections 1014.2 through 1014.9.
[BE] 1014.2 Height. Handrail height, measured from a line connecting the nosings of flights of stairs or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be uniform, not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm). Handrail height of alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders, measured from a line connecting the nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm).
Exceptions:
- Where handrail fittings or bendings are used to provide continuous transition between flights, the fittings or bendings shall be permitted to exceed the maximum height.
- In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies that are associated with a Group R-3 occupancy or associated with individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; where handrail fittings or bendings are used to provide continuous transition between flights, transition at winder treads, transition from handrail to guard, or where used at the start of a flight, the handrail height at the fittings or bendings shall be permitted to exceed the maximum height.
- Handrails on top of a guard where permitted along stepped aisles and ramped aisles in accordance with Section 1030.16.
[BE] 1014.3 Lateral location. Handrails located outward from the edge of the walking surface of flights of stairways, ramps, stepped aisles and ramped aisles shall be located 6 inches (152.4 mm) or less measured horizontally from the edge of the walking surface. Handrails projecting into the width of the walking surface shall comply with Section 1014.9.
[BE] 1014.4 Handrail graspability. Required handrails shall comply with Section 1014.4.1 or shall provide equivalent graspability.
Exception: In Group R-3 occupancies; within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; and in Group U occupancies that are accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy or accessory to individual dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies; handrails shall be Type I in accordance with Section 1014.4.1, Type II in accordance with Section 1014.4.2 or shall provide equivalent graspability.
CRC § 1115A.5 Medium relevance — show source text
1115A.5 Striping for the visually impaired. Exterior stairs serving buildings on a site containing multifamily dwelling units shall have the upper approach and all treads marked by a stripe providing clear visual contrast.
The stripe shall be a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm) wide to a maximum of 4 inches (101.6 mm) wide placed parallel to, and not more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from, the nose of the step or upper approach. The stripe shall extend the full width of the step or upper approach and shall be of material that is at least as slip resistant as the other treads of the stair. A painted stripe shall be acceptable. Grooves shall not be used to satisfy this requirement.
1115A.6 Exterior stairway handrails.
1115A.6.1 Where required. Stairways shall have handrails on each side. Intermediate handrails shall be located equidistant from the sides of the stairway and comply with Section 1014.9.
Exception: Stairways serving an individual dwelling unit may have one handrail, except that stairways open on one or both sides shall have handrails on the open side or sides.
1115A.6.2 Handrail configuration.
1115A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the nosing of the treads.
1115A.6.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all stairways shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg stairs shall be continuous between stair flights.
1115A.6.2.3 Handrail extensions. At the top of stair flights, handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
At the bottom of stair flights, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Such extension shall continue with 12 inches (305 mm) minimum horizontal extension, shall be contin- uous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight, or shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface. Handrail horizontal extensions shall be in the same direction as the stair flights. (See Figures 11A-6A and 11A-6E.)
1115A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.
Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)
CRC § 1030.16.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[BE] 1030.16.1 Discontinuous handrails. Where there is seating on both sides of the aisle, the mid-aisle handrails shall be discontinuous. Where a stepped aisle is required to have two handrails, the mid-aisle handrails shall be discontinuous. Gaps or breaks shall be provided at intervals not exceeding five rows to facilitate access to seating and to permit crossing from one side of the aisle to the other. These gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm) and not greater than 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally, and the mid-aisle handrail shall have rounded terminations or bends.
[BE] 1030.16.2 Handrail termination. Handrails located on the side of stepped aisles shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surfaces or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stepped aisle flight.
[BE] 1030.16.3 Mid-aisle termination. Mid-aisle handrails shall not extend beyond the lowest riser and shall terminate within 18 inches (381 mm), measured horizontally, from the lowest riser. Handrail extensions are not required.
Exception: Mid-aisle handrails shall be permitted to extend beyond the lowest riser where the handrail extensions do not obstruct the width of the cross aisle.
[BE] 1030.16.4 Rails. Where mid-aisle handrails are provided in stepped aisles, there shall be an additional rail located approximately 12 inches (305 mm) below the handrail. The rail shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.9.1.2 of the California Building Code .
[BE] 1030.17 Assembly guards. Guards adjacent to seating in a building, room or space used for assembly purposes shall be provided where required by Section 1015 and shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1015 except where provided in accordance with Sections 1030.17.1 through 1030.17.4. At bleachers, grandstands and folding and telescopic seating, guards must be provided where required by ICC 300 and Section 1030.17.1.
[BE] 1030.17.1 Perimeter guards. Perimeter guards shall be provided where the footboards or walking surface of seating facilities are more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below. Where the seatboards are adjacent to the perimeter, guard height shall be 42 inches (1067 mm) high minimum, measured from the seatboard. Where the seats are self-rising, guard height shall be 42 inches (1067 mm) high minimum, measured from the floor surface. Where there is an aisle between the seating and the perimeter, the guard height shall be measured in accordance with Section 1015.3.
Exceptions:
- Guards that impact sightlines shall be permitted to comply with Section 1030.17.3.
- Bleachers, grandstands and folding and telescopic seating shall not be required to have perimeter guards where the seating is located adjacent to a wall and the space between the wall and the seating is less than 4 inches (102 mm).
[BE] 1030.17.2 Cross aisles. Cross aisles located more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below shall have guards in accordance with Section 1015.
CRC § 1115A.6.2.5 Medium relevance — show source text
1115A.6.2.5 Handrail gripping surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length, and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. When provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be reduced by [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) for each [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (102 mm).
Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements, and shall have rounded edges.
1115A.6.2.6 Cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall comply with this section, or the shape shall provide equivalent grip- ping surface.
1. Circular cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall not be less than 1 [1] / 4 inches (31.75 mm) nor more than 2 inches (50.8 mm) in cross-sectional dimension.
2. Noncircular cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a noncircular cross section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches (102 mm) minimum and 6 [1] / 4 inches (159 mm) maximum, and a cross-section dimension of 2 [1] / 4 inches (57 mm) maximum.
1115A.6.2.7 Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
11A-12 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY
SECTION 1116A—HAZARDS ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES
1116A.1 Warning curbs. Abrupt changes in level exceeding 4 inches (101.6 mm) in vertical dimension, such as changes in level at plant- ers or fountains located in or adjacent to walks, sidewalks or other pedestrian ways shall be identified by curbs or other approved barriers projecting at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) in height above the walk or sidewalk surface to warn the blind of a potential drop-off.
Exceptions:
1. Between a walk or sidewalk and an adjacent street or driveway. 2. When a guardrail or handrail is provided with edge protection in accordance with Section 1012.10.1.
CRC § 505.10.1 Medium relevance — show source text
FIGURE 11B -505.10.1—TOP AND BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT RAMPS
2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 11B-79
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC HOUSING
11B- 505.10.2 Top extension at stairs. At the top of a stair flight, handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
FIGURE 11B -505.10.2—TOP HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
11B- 505.10.3 Bottom extension at stairs. At the bottom of a stair flight, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a horizontal distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. The horizontal extension of a handrail shall be 12 inches (305 mm) long minimum and a height equal to that of the sloping portion of the handrail as measured above the stair nosings. Extension shall return to a wall, guard or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight.
FIGURE 11B -505.10.3—BOTTOM HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT STAIRS
11B-80 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS, COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC HOUSING
DIVISION 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES
SECTION 11B- 601 — GENERAL
11B- 601.1 Scope. The provisions of Division 6 shall apply where required by Division 2 or where referenced by a requirement in this chapter.
SECTION 11B- 602 — DRINKING FOUNTAINS AND BOTTLE-FILLING STATIONS
11B- 602.1 General. Drinking fountains shall comply with Sections 11B- 307 and 11B- 602 .
11B- 602.2 Clear floor space. Units shall have a clear floor or ground space complying with Section 11B- 305 positioned for a forward approach and centered on the unit. Knee and toe clearance complying with Section 11B- 306 shall be provided.
Exception: A parallel approach complying with Section 11B- 305 shall be permitted at units for children's use where the spout is 30 inches ( 762 mm) maximum above the finish floor or ground and is 3 [1] / 2 inches ( 89 mm) maximum from the front edge of the unit, including bumpers.
CRC § 2-5 Medium relevance — show source text
Part II—Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
R201 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
R202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Part III—Building Planning and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
CHAPTER 3 BUILDING PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
R300 Site Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
R301 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
R302 Fire-Resistant Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
R303 Foam Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
R304 Protection of Wood and Wood-Based Products
Against Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
R305 Protection Against Subterranean Termites. . . . . . . 3-35
R306 Flood-Resistant Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
R307 Storm Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
R308 Site Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
R309 Automatic Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
R310 Smoke Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
R311 Carbon Monoxide Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58
R312 Minimum Room Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-59
R313 Ceiling Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-59
CRC § 2.3.1 Medium relevance — show source text
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX CK-7
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX CK-8 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX NA-1
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
APPENDIX NA-2 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
Concrete Capillary break R506.2.3.1 Compressive strength R402.2 Floors (on ground) R506 Tile (roof) R905.3 Weathering Figure R301.2(1), R402.2 Construction
3D-printed Appendix BM Cavity wall masonry R608 Cob Appendix BK Extended plate walls Appendix BN Flood-resistant R306
Floors Chapter 5 Footings R403 Foundation material R402
Foundation walls R404
Foundations Chapter 4 Hemp-lime Appendix BL Masonry R606, R607, R608, R610 Pollutant control R340 Roofs Chapter 8 Steel framing R505, R603, R804 Strawbale Appendix BJ Straw-clay Appendix BI Walls Chapter 6 Waste R334.1 Wood framing R502, R602, R802 Construction Documents R106, R306.3.9
Court Emergency escape and rescue openings R319.1, R319.2.4 Means of egress R318.1 Natural light R325.1.1 Covering Exterior R703
Interior R702 Roof Chapter 9 Wall Chapter 7 Crawl Space R408
Access R408.4
Damper Fireplace R1001.7.1 Dampproofing R406 Day Care Appendix BD Defined R202 Large family day-care homes R336 Dead Loads R301.4
Decay Protection against R304 Deck
Attachment R318.5 Supported by exterior wall R507 Wood/plastic composite boards R507.2.2
Definitions Building R202 Mechanical system R202 Plumbing R202 Design Criteria R301 Alternative provisions R301.1.1 Application R301.1 Climatic and geographic R301.2 Dead load R301.4
Deflection R301.6 Engineered design R301.1.3
Accessibility R322 Accessory Dwelling Unit R202 Authority to Enforce Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems 1.8.9.1, R313.2 Accessory Structure Elevations R306.3.2
Energy R330.5 Exterior walls R302.1
Scope R101.2 Addition (see also Existing Buildings) Carbon monoxide alarms R311.2.2 Change of occupancy R110.1 Construction R302.2.3
CRC § 0.131 Medium relevance — show source text
AND**
MINIMUM
SIZE|** MINIMUM**
PENETRATION
INTO WALL
FRAMING
(inches)c|** FASTENER**
SPACING IN
FURRING
(inches)|** 3**
psf|** 11**
psf|** 15**
psf|** 18**
psf|** 25**
psf|** 3**
psf|** 11**
psf|** 15**
psf|** 18**
psf|** 25**
psf| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.131″
diameter
nail|11/4|8|4.00|2.45|1.75|1.45|0.95|4.00|1.60|1.10|0.85|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.131″
diameter
nail|11/4|12|4.00|1.60|1.10|0.85|DR|4.00|0.95|0.55|DR|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.131″
diameter
nail|11/4|16|4.00|1.10|0.70|DR|DR|3.05|0.60|DR|DR|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.162″
diameter
nail|11/4|8|4.00|4.00|3.05|2.45|1.60|4.00|2.75|1.85|1.45|0.85| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.162″
diameter
nail|11/4|12|4.00|2.75|1.85|1.45|0.85|4.00|1.65|1.05|0.75|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|0.162″
diameter
nail|11/4|16|4.00|1.90|1.25|0.95|DR|4.00|1.05|0.60|DR|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|No.10
wood
screw|1|12|4.00|2.30|1.60|1.20|0.70|4.00|1.40|0.85|0.60|DR| |Minimum
1× wood
furringd|Minimum
2× wood
stud|No.10
wood
screw|1|16|4.00|1.65|1.05|0.75|DR|4.00|0.CRC § 2.25 Medium relevance — show source text
00|2.25|0.70|DR|3.70|1.05|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|33 mil cold-
formed steel
stud|#10 screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|16|3.85|1.45|DR|DR|3.40|DR|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|33 mil cold-
formed steel
stud|#10 screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|24|3.40|DR|DR|DR|2.70|DR|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#8 Screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|12|3.00|1.80|DR|DR|3.00|0.65|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#8 Screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|16|3.00|1.00|DR|DR|2.85|DR|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#8 Screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|24|2.85|DR|DR|DR|2.20|DR|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#10 screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|12|4.00|3.85|2.80|1.80|4.00|3.05|1.50|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#10 screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|16|4.00|3.30|1.95|0.60|4.00|2.25|DR|DR| |Minimum 33
mil steel
furring or
minimum
1x wood
furringc|43 mil or
thicker cold-
formed steel
stud|#10 screw|Steel thick-
ness plus 3
threads|24|4.00|2.25|DR|DR|4.00|0.65|DR|DR| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = Design Required, o.c. = on center.
a. Wood furring shall be spruce-pine-fir or any softwood species with a specific gravity of 0.42 or greater.CRC § 5.2 Medium relevance — show source text
Defined R202 Dwelling-garage wall and ceiling penetration R302.5.2 System, definition R202 Dwelling Unit Separation R302.2, R302.3 Sprinklers (see Automatic Sprinkler System)
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations R317.6 Elevator R323.1, R323.3 Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings R319
Additions R319.6
Area wells R319.4 Bars, grilles, covers and screens R319.4.4
Basements, existing R319.7 Dimensions R319.2
Doors R319.3
Replacement window R319.5 Under decks and porches R319.2.4 Where required R319.1 Window fall protection R321.2 Emergency Housing Appendix CJ Energy Storage Systems R328 ESS vehicle impact protection Figure R330.8.1 Maximum aggregate ratings of ESS Table R330.5 Protection from impact R330.8 Toxic and highly toxic gas R330.12 Entry 1.8.5, R104.4 Existing Buildings Appendix BO Administrative R101.2, R102.6, R105.1, R105.8, R106.2, R113.1, R113.2 Basements R313.1.2, R319.7 Carbon monoxide alarms R311.2.2, R311.5, R311.6 Flood R104.3.1
Smoke alarms R310.2.2, R310.6 Stairways R318.7.9 Windows, replacement R319.5 Exterior Balconies and elevated walking surfaces R106.1.6
Covering R703 Insulation finish systems R703.9 Lath R703.7.1
Plaster R703.7 Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) 703.9
Exterior Wall
Construction R302.1
Fire-resistance rating R302.1
Factory Built Chimneys R1005 Fireplace stoves R1005.3 Fireplaces R1004 Fastening Table R602.3(1) Fees, Permit R108 Finishes Flame spread and smoke density R302.9 For ceilings R805 Interior R302.9, R311, R702 Fire Sprinkler System (see Automatic Sprinkler System) Ceiling configurations R309.3.4.1.1, R309.3.4.1.2, R309.3.4.1.3 Flow rate R309.3.4.1 Fireblocking Barrier between stories R302.11,
R602.8 Chimney R1003.19 Fireplace R1001.12 Fireplaces Chapter 10 Clearance R1001.11 Corbeling R1001.8 Factory-built R1004 Fireblocking R1001.12 Walls R1001.5
Fire-Resistant Construction R302 Draftstopping R302.2 Dwelling-garage fire separation R302.6 Dwelling-garage opening and penetration R302.5 Exterior walls R302.1 Fireblocking R302.11 Floors R302.13
Foam plastics R302.8 Insulation R302.10, R302.14 Penetrations R302.4
CRC § 9.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Defined R202 Chimneys Caps R1003.9.1 Clearance R1003.18 Corbeling R1003.5 Crickets R1003.20 Design (masonry) R1003.1 Factory-built R1005 Fireblocking R1003.19 Fireplaces Chapter 10 Flue area R1003.14, R1003.15 Flue lining R1003.11 Load R1003.8 Multiple flue R1003.14 Rain caps R1003.9.3 Spark arrestors R1003.9.2 Termination R1003.9
Wall thickness R1003.10
Clay Tiles R905.3
Cleanout Masonry chimney R1003.17 Climate Types R301.2 Climate Zones R202, R702.7.3, Table R702.7(5) Columns R407
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE INDEX-1
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
INDEX
Live load R301.5
Nominal sizes R301.8
Roof load R301.6
Seismic R301.2.2
Snow loads R301.2.3 Story height R301.3 Sunrooms R301.2.1.1.1
Wind R301.2.1
Doors
Egress R318.2 Exterior R318.3, R609 Glazing R324 Draftstopping R302.12, R502.13 Drainage Foundation R405 Site drainage R300 Ducts
Defined R202 Dwelling-garage wall and ceiling penetration R302.5.2 System, definition R202 Dwelling Unit Separation R302.2, R302.3 Sprinklers (see Automatic Sprinkler System)
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations R317.6 Elevator R323.1, R323.3 Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings R319
Additions R319.6
Area wells R319.4 Bars, grilles, covers and screens R319.4.4
Basements, existing R319.7 Dimensions R319.2
Doors R319.3
Replacement window R319.5 Under decks and porches R319.2.4 Where required R319.1 Window fall protection R321.2 Emergency Housing Appendix CJ Energy Storage Systems R328 ESS vehicle impact protection Figure R330.8.1 Maximum aggregate ratings of ESS Table R330.5 Protection from impact R330.8 Toxic and highly toxic gas R330.12 Entry 1.8.5, R104.4 Existing Buildings Appendix BO Administrative R101.2, R102.6, R105.1, R105.8, R106.2, R113.1, R113.2 Basements R313.1.2, R319.7 Carbon monoxide alarms R311.2.2, R311.5, R311.6 Flood R104.3.1
CRC § 1001.1 Medium relevance — show source text
The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. Functional and operational characteristics that will permit the safe use of components without special knowledge or effort are specified.
The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7), interior finish (see Chapter 8), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Sections 1003 through 1031 are duplicated text from Chapter 10 of the California Building Code ; however, the California Fire Code contains an additional Section 1032 on maintenance of the means of egress system in existing buildings. Retroactive minimum means of egress requirements for existing buildings are found in Chapter 11.
SECTION 1001—ADMINISTRATION
1001.1 General. Buildings or portions thereof shall be provided with a means of egress system as required by this chapter. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design, construction and arrangement of means of egress components required to provide an approved means of egress from structures and portions thereof. Sections 1003 through 1031 shall apply to new construction. Section 1032 shall apply to existing buildings.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and their accessory structures shall comply with the California Residential Code .
[BE] 1001.2 Minimum requirements. It shall be unlawful to alter a building or structure in a manner that will reduce the number of exits or the capacity of the means of egress to less than required by this code.
SECTION 1002—DEFINITIONS
[BE] 1002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:
ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS.
AISLE.
AISLE ACCESSWAY.
ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE.
AREA OF REFUGE.
AUTOMATIC FLUSH BOLT.
BLEACHERS.
BREAKOUT.
CIRCULATION PATH.
COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL.
CONSTANT LATCHING BOLT.
CORRIDOR.
DEAD BOLT.
DEFEND-IN-PLACE.
DOOR, BALANCED.
EGRESS COURT.
EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING.
EXIT.
EXIT ACCESS.
EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY.
EXIT ACCESS RAMP.
EXIT ACCESS STAIRWAY.
EXIT DISCHARGE.
EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF.
EXIT PASSAGEWAY.
EXTERIOR EXIT RAMP.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-5
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
MEANS OF EGRESS
EXTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY.
FIRE EXIT HARDWARE.
FIXED SEATING.
FLIGHT.
FLOOR AREA, GROSS.
FLOOR AREA, NET.
FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING.
GRADE FLOOR EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS.
GRANDSTAND.
GUARD.
HANDRAIL.
HORIZONTAL EXIT.
INTERIOR EXIT RAMP.
INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAY.
LOW ENERGY POWER-OPERATED DOOR.
MANUAL BOLT.
MEANS OF EGRESS.
MERCHANDISE PAD.
NOSING.
OCCUPANT LOAD.
OPEN-AIR ASSEMBLY SEATING.
OPEN-ENDED CORRIDOR.
CRC § 8.4 Medium relevance — show source text
Floor R503.3
Walls R605 Patio Covers Appendix BF Penetrations R302.4, R302.5 Permits 1.8.4, R105, R105.5.1 Permit fees Appendix AB Photovoltaic Panel Systems R907 Ground-mounted definition R202
Photovoltaic Support Structure, Elevated R202, R324.8, R324.8.1, R324.8.2 Piers R606.7
Masonry R404.1.9 Planning Building Chapter 3 Plans R106
Plaster
Exterior R703.7
Interior R702.2
Platform Lifts R323.2, R323.3 Plumbing Fixture clearances R327
Fixtures R326, R327 Inspection 109.1.2 Requirements and definitions R202 System, definition R202 Plywood Application R703.5 Materials, walls R604
Precast Concrete
Footings R403.4 Foundation material R402.3.1
Foundation walls R404.5
Protection Against decay and termites R304, R305 Against radon Appendix BE Public Way R318.1, R319.1 Purlins R802.4.5
Hot Tubs (see Swimming Pools) R324.3.1, R328 Hurricane (see Storm Shelter)
Impact Protective System Energy storage system R330.8 Flood R306.1.4.2, R306.3.3 Human impact R324.3 Storm shelter R307.2.1
Windborne debris R301.2.1.2 Indirectly Conditioned Space (see Conditioned Space) Inflatable Amusement Device
Defined R202
Inlet To masonry chimneys R1003.16 Inspection On-site 1.8.4, R109.1 Insulation
Above-deck R906 Flame spread R302.10 Foam plastic R303 Interior
Lath R702.2.3
Other finishes R702.5
Plaster R702.2 Wall covering Chapter 7 Intermodal Shipping Container R301.1.4
Joist
Bearing R502.6, R606.6.3.1
Kitchen Height and area R312, R313 Sinks R326
Ventilation R325.1.2
Labeling Garage doors R609.4.1 Ladders
Ships ladders R318.7.13 Sleeping lofts R315.5.3 Landings (see also Stairways, Ramps and Doors) R318.3, R318.3.1, R318.3.2, R318.7.6, R318.8.2, R321, R324.4.7, R325.6, R325.7 Lateral Support R502.7, R606.6.4, R607.5.2 Lath
Exterior R703.7.1
Interior R702.2.3
Lavatories R326.1
Clearances R327 Liability R104.8 Light R325 Lighting Adjoining rooms R325.1.3 Bathrooms R325.2
CRC § 2.3 Medium relevance — show source text
SIP R610.8
Steel R603.6
Wood R602.7
Hearth R1001.9
Extension R1001.10, R1001.9
Heaters
Masonry R1002 Heating Required R325.8 Height Ceiling R313 Mezzanines R314.2 Sleeping lofts R315.3 Hollow-Unit Masonry (see Masonry)
INDEX-2 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
INDEX
Roof shingles R905.4 Methods Water distribution pipe sizing Appendix CF Mezzanines (see also Sleeping Lofts) R314, R321 Modifications R104.2.3 Moisture Content, Building Materials R109.1.4.1
Moisture Control R702.7
Mortar
Joints R606.3.1 Multiple Flues R1003.13
Natural Light (see Light) Natural Ventilation (see Ventilation) Notching Steel joists R505.2.5, R505.3.5, R804.2.5, R804.3.3 Steel studs R603.2.6, R603.3.4 Wood joists R502.8, R802.7.1 Wood studs R602.6 Wood top plates R602.6.1
Opening Protection R302.5
Parapets R302.2.2, R606.4.4 Particleboard
Floor R503.3
Walls R605 Patio Covers Appendix BF Penetrations R302.4, R302.5 Permits 1.8.4, R105, R105.5.1 Permit fees Appendix AB Photovoltaic Panel Systems R907 Ground-mounted definition R202
Photovoltaic Support Structure, Elevated R202, R324.8, R324.8.1, R324.8.2 Piers R606.7
Masonry R404.1.9 Planning Building Chapter 3 Plans R106
Plaster
Exterior R703.7
Interior R702.2
Platform Lifts R323.2, R323.3 Plumbing Fixture clearances R327
Fixtures R326, R327 Inspection 109.1.2 Requirements and definitions R202 System, definition R202 Plywood Application R703.5 Materials, walls R604
Precast Concrete
Footings R403.4 Foundation material R402.3.1
Foundation walls R404.5
Protection Against decay and termites R304, R305 Against radon Appendix BE Public Way R318.1, R319.1 Purlins R802.4.5
Hot Tubs (see Swimming Pools) R324.3.1, R328 Hurricane (see Storm Shelter)
Impact Protective System Energy storage system R330.8 Flood R306.1.4.2, R306.3.3 Human impact R324.3 Storm shelter R307.2.1
CRC § 2.4 Medium relevance — show source text
Court Emergency escape and rescue openings R319.1, R319.2.4 Means of egress R318.1 Natural light R325.1.1 Covering Exterior R703
Interior R702 Roof Chapter 9 Wall Chapter 7 Crawl Space R408
Access R408.4
Damper Fireplace R1001.7.1 Dampproofing R406 Day Care Appendix BD Defined R202 Large family day-care homes R336 Dead Loads R301.4
Decay Protection against R304 Deck
Attachment R318.5 Supported by exterior wall R507 Wood/plastic composite boards R507.2.2
Definitions Building R202 Mechanical system R202 Plumbing R202 Design Criteria R301 Alternative provisions R301.1.1 Application R301.1 Climatic and geographic R301.2 Dead load R301.4
Deflection R301.6 Engineered design R301.1.3
Accessibility R322 Accessory Dwelling Unit R202 Authority to Enforce Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems 1.8.9.1, R313.2 Accessory Structure Elevations R306.3.2
Energy R330.5 Exterior walls R302.1
Scope R101.2 Addition (see also Existing Buildings) Carbon monoxide alarms R311.2.2 Change of occupancy R110.1 Construction R302.2.3
Frost protection R403.1.4.1 Scope R101.2, R102.6.1 Smoke alarms R310.2.2 Address (Site) R308 Administration, California Chapter 1, Division 1
General 1.1 Dept. of Housing and Community Development 1.8 Office of the State Fire Marshal 1.11 Administration, Division II Chapter 1 Applicability R102 Certificate of occupancy R110 Construction documents R106 Department of building safety R103 Duties and Powers R104
Fees R106
Inspections R109 Means of appeals R112 Permits R105, R105.5.1 Purpose R101.3 Service utilities R111 Stop work order R114 Temporary structures and uses R107 Violations R113 Aging-in-place Design and Fall Prevention R327
Doorbell buttons R327.1.4 Electrical receptacle outlet, switch and control heights R327.1.2 Interior doors R327.1.3 Reinforcement for grab bars R327.1.1 Allowable Spans Of floor joists R502.3, R505.3.2 Of headers R602.7, R603.6 Of rafters and ceiling joists R802.4, R802.5, R804.3.1, R804.3.2 Alternate Materials (see Materials) R104.11 Alterations (see Existing Buildings) Anchor Bolts R403.1.6
Appeal Board of 1.8.8, Appendix AA Means of 1.8.8, R112 Appliance Flue area R1003.14
Frequently asked questions
Is a handrail the same as a guard?
No. A handrail is a graspable rail for stability; a guard protects against a fall from an open edge. The CRC treats them separately — handrail rules are in § R320; guards are addressed in other sections (see related provisions) .
How high must my stair handrail be?
Between 34 inches and 38 inches measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing (special devices like ship’s ladders use 30–34 in) — § R320.2 .
Can the handrail touch the wall?
No — provide at least 1 1/2 inches clearance between the handrail and an adjacent wall so fingers can fully wrap the rail (§ R320.4) .
What cross‑section should I choose for easy compliance?
A circular handrail between 1 1/4 in and 2 in diameter is the simplest way to meet Type I graspability requirements in § R320.6 .
Can I stop the handrail at the top landing without returning it?
No — the handrail end must return to itself, to a wall, guard, or the walking surface, or be continuous to the adjacent flight, per § R320.5; exceptions are limited and specified in that section .
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