CRC · California Residential Code
How are conflicts between code sections and referenced codes resolved?
If a California Residential Code (CRC) section conflicts with a referenced standard, follow the CRC. Specific CRC provisions override general ones, the most restrictive CRC requirement applies when sections differ, and referenced standards are only binding to the extent they are cited — except when enforcing the CRC would violate a product’s listing or the manufacturer’s instructions, in which case the listing/manufacturer controls (see § R102.1 and § R102.4) .
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
When two provisions conflict, the specific requirement overrides the general requirement, and when multiple sections differ the most restrictive requirement governs — see § R102.1. The codes and standards referenced by the California Residential Code are part of the code to the extent they are referenced, but where a conflict exists the California Residential Code controls (see § R102.4, § R102.4.1, § R102.4.2) .
Where a conflict exists between the CRC and a referenced standard, follow the CRC unless doing so would violate a listing or a manufacturer's instructions.
Requirements in detail
1) Which provision wins: general vs specific
- Rule: specific requirement wins over a general requirement. If one section is a specific treatment of a topic and another is a general rule, apply the specific rule first. See § R102.1 .
- Practical terms: use the provision that directly addresses the element in question (e.g., a section on deck guards overrides a chapter-wide height rule).
2) Which provision wins: multiple applicable CRC sections
- Rule: when different CRC sections prescribe different materials, methods, or requirements for the same situation, the most restrictive requirement governs. See § R102.1 .
- Practical terms: choose the option that imposes the greater safety/protection obligation (e.g., higher load, thicker assembly, longer separation).
3) Role of referenced codes and standards
- Rule: referenced codes and standards are considered part of the CRC only “to the prescribed extent” of the reference. See § R102.4 .
- When a referenced standard addresses a subject that is also within the CRC’s scope, the CRC provisions take precedence. See § R102.4.2 .
4) Conflicts between the CRC and referenced standards
- Rule: where a contradiction exists between a CRC provision and a referenced code or standard, the CRC provision applies. See § R102.4.1 .
- Exception noted in the CRC: if enforcing a CRC provision would violate the conditions of a listing or the manufacturer’s instructions for equipment or appliances, the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions govern instead (that exception is in § R102.4) .
Decision matrix (quick reference)
| Decision factor | Typical values | Outcome (what to apply) | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of conflict | General vs Specific | Specific requirement applies | § R102.1 |
| Two CRC sections give different requirements | Different materials/methods/limits | Most restrictive governs | § R102.1 |
| CRC vs referenced standard (conflict) | Any differing provision | CRC applies | § R102.4.1 |
| Referenced standard covers subject within CRC scope | Overlapping subject matter | CRC takes precedence | § R102.4.2 |
| Enforcement would violate a listing/manufacturer’s instructions | Yes / No | If Yes, follow listing/manufacturer; otherwise follow CRC | § R102.4 exception |
Exceptions & special cases
- Listing/manufacturer instructions exception: If enforcing a CRC provision would violate the conditions of a product’s listing or its manufacturer’s installation instructions, then the listing/manufacturer instructions apply instead of that CRC provision. This exception is stated in § R102.4 .
- Extent of reference: When a referenced standard’s scope overlaps a CRC subject, the CRC’s text controls for that overlapping subject (see § R102.4.2) .
- Other laws: CRC provisions do not nullify local, state, or federal law. If another legal requirement (statute, local ordinance) applies and is more restrictive or mandatory, that law still governs where applicable (see § R102.2) .
- If the file or topic is not covered: this article is limited to the conflict-resolution rules found in § R102.1 and § R102.4 (including R102.4.1 and R102.4.2). For conflicts involving other Parts of Title 24 or specialty codes, consult those code sections directly.
Common mistakes
- Treating referenced standards as always controlling. (They are part of the CRC only to the extent referenced; the CRC controls when there is a conflict — § R102.4.1.)
- Applying a general CRC provision when a specific CRC provision exists for the same subject — the specific provision wins (§ R102.1) .
- Forgetting the “most restrictive” rule when two CRC sections both apply to the same element — auditors expect the stricter measure (§ R102.1) .
- Overlooking the listing/manufacturer exception; where enforcement would violate a listing, the listed conditions govern (see the exception in § R102.4) .
Worked example — concrete scenario
Scenario: A contractor is installing a listed mechanical fan. The listing and manufacturer’s instructions require the fan be mounted with a 3-inch straight duct run into the outlet box (per listing). A referenced duct standard in a document called out by the CRC recommends a 2-inch minimum clearance that would alter how the listed fan is installed. The CRC itself contains a provision in a different section requiring a 4-inch clearance for a particular installation condition.
Step 1 — Identify the conflict type:
- There is a conflict among (a) the CRC provision (4 inches), (b) the referenced standard (2 inches), and (c) the manufacturer’s listing (3 inches).
Step 2 — Apply order from the CRC:
- Between the CRC and the referenced standard, the CRC controls (§ R102.4.1). That would favor the 4-inch CRC requirement over the 2-inch referenced standard .
- But check the listing/manufacturer exception: if enforcing the CRC’s 4-inch clearance would violate the fan’s listing or make the listing invalid (for example, the listing requires the fan to be secured within a 3-inch envelope and cannot be mounted with 4 inches of clearance), then the listing/manufacturer instructions take precedence (exception in § R102.4) .
Step 3 — Practical outcome:
- If the fan can be installed in compliance with both the CRC 4-inch requirement and its listing (no conflict), install per CRC (4 inches).
- If the CRC requirement cannot be met without violating the listing/installation conditions, follow the manufacturer’s listing/instructions and document the reason for the departure, citing the exception in § R102.4 .
This stepwise approach mirrors the hierarchy set out in § R102.1 and § R102.4 and the exception language in the CRC .
Related provisions
- § R102.1 — General rule: specific over general; most restrictive governs.
- § R102.4 — Referenced codes and standards are part of the code to the prescribed extent; includes the listing/manufacturer exception.
- § R102.4.1 — Where conflicts occur between this code and referenced standards, the CRC provisions apply.
- § R102.4.2 — If a referenced standard covers subject matter within the CRC scope, CRC provisions take precedence.
- § R102.2 — CRC does not nullify local, state, or federal law.
- § R102.3 — How references to chapters/sections should be interpreted.
- § R102.5 — Partial invalidity; remaining provisions remain in effect.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Residential Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRC § 508.5 High relevance — show source text
Exception: The following shall be permitted to be constructed in accordance with this code where provided with an automatic sprinkler system complying with Section R309 :
Live/work units located in townhouses and complying with the requirements of Section 508.5 of the California Building Code.
Owner-occupied lodging houses with five or fewer guestrooms.
A care facility with five or fewer persons receiving custodial care within a dwelling unit.
A care facility with five or fewer persons receiving medical care within a dwelling unit.
A day care facility for five or fewer persons of any age receiving care within a dwelling unit.
R101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
R101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum requirements to provide a reasonable level of safety, health and general welfare through affordability, structural strength, means of egress, stability, sanitation, light and ventilation, energy conservation and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards and to provide a reasonable level of safety to firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.
SECTION R102—APPLICABILITY
R102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
R102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
R102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
R102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections R102.4.1 and R102.4.2.
Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance, the conditions of the listing and manufacturer’s instructions shall apply.
R102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
R102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
R102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
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DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
R102.6 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically covered in this code, the International Property Maintenance Code or the California Fire Code, or as is deemed necessary by the building official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.
CRC § 101.7 High relevance — show source text
101.7 Maintenance. [BSC, DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC, HCD 1, HCD 2] Buildings and structures, and parts thereof, shall be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices or safeguards which are required by this code shall be maintained in conformance with the code edition under which installed. The owner or the owner’s designated agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings and structures. The requirements of this chapter shall not provide the basis for removal or abrogation of fire protection and safety systems and devices in existing structures.
[BSC, HCD 1, HCD 2] To determine compliance with this subsection, the building official shall have the authority to require a building or structure to be re-inspected.
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SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers or to provisions not specifically identified by number shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.
Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance, the conditions of the listing shall govern.
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.4.2 Conflicting provisions. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
[A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
[A] 103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created, and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
CRC § 4.1 High relevance — show source text
R102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections R102.4.1 and R102.4.2.
Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance, the conditions of the listing and manufacturer’s instructions shall apply.
R102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
R102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
R102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
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DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
R102.6 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically covered in this code, the International Property Maintenance Code or the California Fire Code, or as is deemed necessary by the building official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.
R102.6.1 Additions, alterations, change of use or repairs. Additions, alterations or repairs to any structure shall conform to the requirements for a new structure without requiring the existing structure to comply with the requirements of this code, unless otherwise stated. Additions, alterations, repairs and relocations shall not cause an existing structure to become less compliant with the provisions of this code than the existing building or structure was prior to the addition, alteration or repair. Where additions, alterations or changes of use to an existing structure result in a use, occupancy, height or means of egress outside the scope of this code, the building shall comply with the California Existing Building Code .
R102.7 Wildland-Urban Interface. The provisions of Part 7, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and struc- tures built in the wildland-urban interface (WUI).
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION R103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
R103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the building official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
R103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
R103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the building official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy building official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the building official.
SECTION R104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL
CRC § 101.4.8 High relevance — show source text
[OSHPD 1R, 2, 4 & 5] The provisions of the California Existing Building Code, Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall apply to all matters govern- ing the repairs, alterations, change of occupancy, additions and relocation of existing structures and portions thereof under OSHPD jurisdiction.
101.4.8 Wildland-urban interface. The provisions of Part 7, the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and structures built in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) or a Fire Hazard Severity Zone.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 through 102.4.4.
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code or the California Codes specified in Section 101.4, the provisions of this code or the California Codes specified in Section 101.4, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
102.4.3 Code references. [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6, DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC] All reference to International Codes or other similar codes in referenced standards shall be replaced by equivalent provisions in the California Building Standards Codes.
102.4.4 Reference in standards. [OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6, DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC] All references listed in reference standards shall be replaced by referenced standards listed in Chapter 35 of this code, where applicable, and shall include all amendments to the reference standards in this code.
[A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
[A] 102.6 Existing structures. The legal occupancy of any structure existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as otherwise specifically provided in this code, the California Existing Building Code or the Cali- fornia Fire Code .
CRC § 102.5 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 102.5 Application of residential code. Where structures are designed and constructed in accordance with the California Residen- tial Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as follows:
- Construction and design provisions of this code pertaining to the exterior of the structure shall apply including, but not limited to, premises identification, fire apparatus access and water supplies. Where interior or exterior systems or devices are installed, construction permits required by Section 105.6 shall apply.
- Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings where such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. Fire protection in designated historic buildings shall be provided with an approved fire protection plan as required in Section 1103.1.1.
[A] 102.7 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 80, and such codes and standards shall be considered to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated by Sections 102.7.1 and 102.7.2.
[A] 102.7.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.7.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.
[A] 102.8 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by the jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protection Association or other nationally recognized fire safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the fire code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the fire code official’s jurisdiction or responsibility.
[A] 102.9 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, that are not specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the fire code official.
[A] 102.10 Conflicting provisions. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in a specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 102.11 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.12 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
102.13 Wildland-urban interface. The provisions of the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and struc- tures built in the wildland-urban interface.
CRC § 102.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 7 and such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the referenced standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
[A] 102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced standard.
[A] 102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or policies adopted by the jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of other nationally recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the code official’s jurisdiction or responsibility.
[A] 102.6 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not specifically provided for by this code, shall be determined by the code official consistent with the necessity to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare.
[A] 102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.
[A] 102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically covered in this code or the California Fire Code, California Building Code, California Existing Building Code or the California Residential Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.
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ADMINISTRATION
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
[A] 103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
CRC § 101.5 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 101.5 Additions or alterations. Additions or alterations shall be permitted to be made to any building or structure without requiring the existing building or structure to comply with all of the requirements of this code, provided that the addition or alteration conforms to that required for a new building or structure.
Exception: Provisions of this code that specifically apply to existing conditions are retroactive.
Additions or alterations shall not be made to an existing building or structure that will cause the existing building or structure to be in violation of any of the provisions of this code nor shall such additions or alterations cause the existing building or structure to become unsafe. An unsafe condition shall be deemed to have been created if an addition or alteration will cause the existing building or structure to become structurally unsafe or overloaded; will not provide adequate access in compliance with the provisions of this code or will obstruct existing exits or access; will create a fire hazard; will reduce required fire resistance or will otherwise create conditions dangerous to human life.
[A] 101.6 Maintenance. Buildings, structures, landscape materials, vegetation, defensible space or other devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in conformance to the code edition under which installed. The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings, structures, landscape materials and vegetation.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 7 and such codes and standards shall be considered as part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and the referenced standards, the provisions of this code shall govern.
[A] 102.4.2 Provisions in referenced codes and standards. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced standard.
[A] 102.5 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where applicable standards or requirements are not set forth in this code, or are contained within other laws, codes, regulations, ordinances or policies adopted by the jurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of other nationally recognized safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidence of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the code official to determine compliance with codes or standards for those activities or installations within the code official’s jurisdiction or responsibility.
CRC § 101.4.5 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 101.4.5 Fire prevention. The provisions of the California Fire Code shall apply to matters affecting or relating to structures, processes and premises from the hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling or use of structures, materials or devices; from conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare in the occupancy of structures or premises; and from the construction, extension, repair, alteration or removal of fire suppression, automatic sprinkler systems and alarm systems or fire hazards in the structure or on the premises from occupancy or operation.
[A] 101.4.6 Energy. The provisions of the California Energy Code shall apply to all matters governing the design and construction of buildings for energy efficiency.
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[A] 101.4.7 Existing buildings. The provisions of the California Existing Building Code shall apply to matters governing the repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition to and relocation of existing buildings.
[OSHPD 1] The provisions of Chapters 2, 3A, 4A and 5A of the California Existing Building Code shall apply to all matters governing the repairs, alterations, change of occupancy, additions and relocation of existing structures and portions thereof under OSHPD jurisdic- tion. All references to Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of the California Existing Building Code shall be replaced by equivalent provisions in Chapters 3A, 4A and 5A.
[OSHPD 1R, 2, 4 & 5] The provisions of the California Existing Building Code, Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall apply to all matters govern- ing the repairs, alterations, change of occupancy, additions and relocation of existing structures and portions thereof under OSHPD jurisdiction.
101.4.8 Wildland-urban interface. The provisions of Part 7, the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and structures built in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) or a Fire Hazard Severity Zone.
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 102.2 Other laws. The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 102.3 Application of references. References to chapter or section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 through 102.4.4.
[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
CRC § 102.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 102—APPLICABILITY
[A] 102.1 Construction and design provisions. The construction and design provisions of this code shall apply to:
- Structures, facilities and conditions arising after the adoption of this code.
- Existing structures, facilities and conditions not legally in existence at the time of adoption of this code.
- Existing structures, facilities and conditions where required in Chapter 11.
- Existing structures, facilities and conditions that, in the opinion of the fire code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.
[A] 102.2 Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions. The administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply to:
- Conditions and operations arising after the adoption of this code.
- Existing conditions and operations.
[A] 102.3 Change of use or occupancy. A change of occupancy shall not be made unless the use or occupancy is made to comply with the requirements of this code and the California Existing Building Code .
Exception: Where approved by the fire code official, a change of occupancy shall be permitted without complying with the requirements of this code and the California Existing Building Code, provided that the new or proposed use or occupancy is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing use or occupancy.
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DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
[A] 102.4 Application of building code. The design and construction of new structures shall comply with the California Building Code, and any alterations, additions, changes in use or changes in structures required by this code, which are within the scope of the California Building Code, shall be made in accordance therewith.
[A] 102.5 Application of residential code. Where structures are designed and constructed in accordance with the California Residen- tial Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as follows:
- Construction and design provisions of this code pertaining to the exterior of the structure shall apply including, but not limited to, premises identification, fire apparatus access and water supplies. Where interior or exterior systems or devices are installed, construction permits required by Section 105.6 shall apply.
- Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply.
[A] 102.6 Historic buildings. The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings where such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. Fire protection in designated historic buildings shall be provided with an approved fire protection plan as required in Section 1103.1.1.
[A] 102.7 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 80, and such codes and standards shall be considered to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated by Sections 102.7.1 and 102.7.2.
[A] 102.7.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
CRC § 2.95 Medium relevance — show source text
00|2.95|2.20|1.45|3.00|2.35|1.25|DR| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#8 screw into 33 mil steel or
thicker|8|3.00|2.55|1.60|0.60|3.00|1.80|DR|DR| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#8 screw into 33 mil steel or
thicker|12|3.00|1.80|DR|DR|3.00|0.65|DR|DR| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 33 mil steel|6|4.00|3.50|2.70|1.95|4.00|2.90|1.70|0.55| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 33 mil steel|8|4.00|3.10|2.05|1.00|4.00|2.25|0.70|DR| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 33 mil steel|12|4.00|2.25|0.70|DR|3.70|1.05|DR|DR| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 43 mil steel or
thicker|6|4.00|4.00|4.00|3.60|4.00|4.00|3.45|2.70| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 43 mil steel or
thicker|8|4.00|4.00|3.70|3.00|4.00|3.85|2.80|1.80| |Cold-formed steel framing
(minimum penetration of steel
thickness plus 3 threads)|#10 screw into 43 mil steel or
thicker|12|4.00|3.85|2.80|1.80|4.00|3.05|1.50|DR| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = design required, o.c. = on center.
a. Cold-formed steel framing shall be minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil steel and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
b. Screws shall comply with the requirements of AISI S240.
c. Foam sheathing shall have a minimum compressive strength of 15 pounds per square inch in accordance with ASTM C578 or ASTM C1289.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kPa, 1 pound per square inch = 0.00689 MPa.
DR = design required, o.c. = on center.
a. Cold-formed steel framing shall be minimum 33 ksi steel for 33 mil and 43 mil steel and 50 ksi steel for 54 mil steel or thicker.
b.CRC § 0.42 Medium relevance — show source text
Fastener spacing applies where wood exterior soffit framing member-specific gravity is 0.42 or larger. Where the specific gravity of exterior soffit framing members is greater
than or equal to 0.35 but less than 0.42 in accordance with AWC NDS, the fastener spacing shall be multiplied by 0.67 or the same fastener spacing as prescribed for galvanized
steel nails shall be permitted to be used where RSRS-01 (2-inch by 0.099-inch by 0.266-inch head) nails replace 6d box nails and RSRS-03 (21/2-inch × 0.131-inch × 0.281-inch
head) nails replace 8d common nails or 10d box nails. RSRS is a Roof Sheathing Ring Shank nail meeting the specifications in ASTM F1667. Framing members shall be mini-
mum 2 × 3 nominal with the larger dimension in the cross section aligning with the length of fasteners to provide sufficient embedment depths.
f. Spacing at intermediate supports shall be not greater than 12 inches on center.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
a. Fasteners shall comply with Sections R703.3.2 and R703.3.3.
b. Maximum spacing of exterior soffit framing members shall not exceed 24 inches.
c. Wood structural panels shall be of an exterior exposure grade.
d. Wood structural panels shall be installed with strength axis perpendicular to supports with not fewer than two continuous spans.
e. Fastener spacing applies where wood exterior soffit framing member-specific gravity is 0.42 or larger. Where the specific gravity of exterior soffit framing members is greater
than or equal to 0.35 but less than 0.42 in accordance with AWC NDS, the fastener spacing shall be multiplied by 0.67 or the same fastener spacing as prescribed for galvanized
steel nails shall be permitted to be used where RSRS-01 (2-inch by 0.099-inch by 0.266-inch head) nails replace 6d box nails and RSRS-03 (21/2-inch × 0.131-inch × 0.281-inch
head) nails replace 8d common nails or 10d box nails. RSRS is a Roof Sheathing Ring Shank nail meeting the specifications in ASTM F1667. Framing members shall be mini-
mum 2 × 3 nominal with the larger dimension in the cross section aligning with the length of fasteners to provide sufficient embedment depths.
f. Spacing at intermediate supports shall be not greater than 12 inches on center.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
a. Fasteners shall comply with Sections R703.3.2 and R703.3.3.
b. Maximum spacing of exterior soffit framing members shall not exceed 24 inches.
c. Wood structural panels shall be of an exterior exposure grade.
d. Wood structural panels shall be installed with strength axis perpendicular to supports with not fewer than two continuous spans.
e. Fastener spacing applies where wood exterior soffit framing member-specific gravity is 0.42 or larger.CRC § 1.1.4 Medium relevance — show source text
1.1.4 Appendices. Provisions contained in the appendices of this code shall not apply unless specifically adopted by a state agency or adopted by a local enforcing agency in compliance with Health and Safety Code, Section 18901 et. seq. for Building Standards Law, Health and Safety Code, Section 17950 for State Housing Law and Health and Safety Code, Section 13869.7 for Fire Protection Districts. See Section 1.1.8 of this code.
1.1.5 Referenced codes. The codes, standards, and publications adopted and set forth in this code, including other codes, standards, and publications referred to herein are, by title and date of publication, hereby adopted as standard reference documents of this code. When this code does not specifically cover any subject related to building design and construction, recognized architectural or engineer- ing practices shall be employed. The National Fire Codes, standards, and the Fire Protection Handbook of the National Fire Protection Association are permitted to be used as authoritative guides in determining recognized fire prevention engineering practices.
1.1.6 Nonbuilding standards, orders, and regulations. Requirements contained in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, or in any other referenced standard, code, or document, which are not building standards as defined in Health and Safety Code, Section 18909 shall not be construed as a building standard. The nonbuilding standards contained herein are applicable in the wildland inter- face areas and can be cited as a section of this code, or where the section is identified on the tagline by the source document, the provision can be cited under the source document.
1.1.7 Order of precedence and use.
1.1.7.1 Differences. In the event of any differences between these building standards and the standard reference documents, the text of these building standards shall govern.
1.1.7.2 Specific provisions. Where a specific provision varies from a general provision, the specific provision shall apply.
1.1.7.3 Conflicts. When the requirements of this code conflict with the requirements of any other part of the California Building Stan- dards Code, Title 24, the most restrictive requirements shall prevail.
1.1.7.3.1 CBC and CRC. Detached one- and two-family dwellings, efficiency dwelling units, lodging houses, live/work units, and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane with a separate means of egress, and their accessory structures, may be designed and constructed in accordance with the California Building Code or the California Residential Code, but not both, unless the proposed structure(s) or element(s) exceed the design limitations established in the California Residential Code, and the code user is specially directed by the California Residential Code to use the California Building Code.
1.1.8 City, county, or city and county amendments, additions or deletions. The provisions of this code do not limit the authority of city, county, or city and county governments to establish more restrictive and reasonably necessary differences to the provisions
2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE 1-3
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
ADMINISTRATION
Frequently asked questions
When a CRC section and a referenced standard conflict, which do I follow?
Follow the CRC. Where conflicts occur, § R102.4.1 says the CRC provisions apply — unless enforcing the CRC would violate the listing or manufacturer’s instructions, in which case the listing/manufacturer controls (exception in § R102.4) .
What does “most restrictive shall govern” mean in practice?
If two CRC sections apply to the same condition and one imposes a stricter requirement (e.g., higher load, longer fire-resistance, greater separation), you must use the stricter requirement — this is the rule in § R102.1 .
Can I ever use only the referenced standard instead of the CRC?
You may rely on a referenced standard where the CRC explicitly references it and there is no conflict; but if the referenced standard conflicts with a CRC provision that covers the same subject, the CRC controls (§ R102.4.2) .
If a product is listed, does the listing ever override the CRC?
Yes. The CRC includes an exception stating that where enforcement of a code provision would violate the conditions of a listing or the manufacturer’s instructions, the listing and instructions shall apply (see § R102.4). Always verify whether the CRC requirement would actually violate the listing before assuming the exception applies .
What should I document when choosing a less-common path (e.g., following a listing)?
Document the analysis: identify the conflicting CRC provision, show the listing/manufacturer requirement, explain why enforcing the CRC would violate the listing, and cite the exception in § R102.4. This creates a clear record for the building official and inspectors .
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