CPC · California Plumbing Code

Joints, couplings, and referenced standards for DWV piping

For homeowners: the California Plumbing Code requires that drain pipe couplings and gaskets be specific, tested products listed to the named ASTM standards and installed exactly as the manufacturer directs — especially shielded cast‑iron couplings (which require a specified gasket and calibrated torque wrench) and transition couplings between different pipe materials (which must meet the ASTM standards the code names).

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

The California Plumbing Code requires drainage (DWV) joints and couplings to use listed, manufacturer‑approved products and gaskets that meet the ASTM (or other) standards called out for each joint type. Installations must follow the installation instructions and the specific joint rules in § 705.2.2 (hub & spigot / shielded hubless couplings) and § 705.10 (transitions and mechanical couplings between different materials). See the CPC text for the detailed requirements .

Use the listed coupling, gasket, or transition fitting specified by the CPC and follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions — for shielded hubless couplings always use the specified gasket and tighten bands with a calibrated torque wrench set by the coupling manufacturer.

Requirements in detail

Key defined terms (first occurrence)

  • Elastomeric gasket — the rubber sleeve or gasket used in hub & spigot and hubless couplings; required to comply with ASTM C564 where the code references it. § 705.2.2 .
  • Shielded coupling (hubless) — a metallic‑shielded coupling assembly for hubless cast‑iron pipe; the metallic shield must comply with listed standards (see table below) and the gasket must meet ASTM C564. § 705.2.2 .
  • Mechanical coupling (transition) — a coupling specifically listed for joining dissimilar DWV materials; for belowground, aboveground, or both the CPC references particular ASTM standards. § 705.10 .

What to use for cast‑iron hub & spigot and hubless joints

  • Compression (hub & spigot) joints with elastomeric gaskets must comply with ASTM C564 and be tested in accordance with ASTM C1563. Clean hubs/spigots, seat gaskets, lubricate per manufacturer, and insert spigot until seated. § 705.2.2 .
  • Shielded hubless couplings must have a metallic shield that complies with ASTM A1056, ASTM C1277, ASTM C1540, or CISPI 310, and use an elastomeric gasket complying with ASTM C564. Bands/clamps must be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench set by the coupling manufacturer. § 705.2.2 .

Joints between different materials (transitions)

  • Mechanical/transition couplings used to join different DWV materials shall comply with:
    • ASTM C1173 for belowground use,
    • ASTM C1460 for aboveground use, or
    • ASTM C1461 for aboveground and belowground use. These are the listed standards referenced by § 705.10 — the coupling selected must be listed for the specific application and installed per the manufacturer’s instructions. § 705.10 .
  • Specific transition rules:
    • Copper to cast iron — use a listed compression‑type joint or a copper‑alloy ferrule; solder or braze the copper to the ferrule, then join the ferrule to the cast‑iron hub with a compression or caulked joint. § 705.10.1 .
    • Copper to threaded — use a listed copper‑alloy adapter or dielectric fitting; the copper side is soldered or brazed, then connected to the threaded fitting. § 705.10.2 .
    • Plastic to other materials — use an approved listed adapter/transition fitting listed for that particular transition; except as allowed in § 705.9.4, PVC and ABS shall not be solvent‑welded to unlike materials. § 705.10.3 .
    • ABS to PVC transition (allowed special case): a solvent‑cement transition joint between ABS and PVC building drain or sewer must use a listed transition solvent cement in accordance with ASTM D3138, per § 705.9.4. § 705.9.4 .

Decision‑relevant dimensions, standards and values (table)

Item Required standard / requirement Application / decision point Code Reference
Elastomeric gasket standard ASTM C564 Use on hub & spigot and hubless cast‑iron joints § 705.2.2 —
Gasket test method ASTM C1563 Testing for hub & spigot gasket performance § 705.2.2 —
Metallic shield for hubless couplings ASTM A1056, ASTM C1277, ASTM C1540, or CISPI 310 Select shielded coupling meeting one of these standards § 705.2.2 —
Mechanical / transition couplings (belowground) ASTM C1173 Choose for belowground dissimilar‑material joints § 705.10 —
Mechanical / transition couplings (aboveground) ASTM C1460 Choose for aboveground dissimilar‑material joints § 705.10 —
Mechanical / transition couplings (both) ASTM C1461 Listed for both above‑ and belowground use § 705.10 —
ABS → PVC solvent transition ASTM D3138; listed transition solvent cement Only permitted ABS → PVC solvent joint per § 705.9.4 § 705.9.4 —
Coupling band tightening Manufacturer’s specified torque; use calibrated torque wrench Required for shielded hubless coupling clamps/bands § 705.2.2 —

Exceptions & special cases

  • The only solvent‑cement transition explicitly allowed between unlike plastics is ABS to PVC using listed transition solvent cement per § 705.9.4 and ASTM D3138. PVC and ABS otherwise must not be solvent‑welded to unlike materials. § 705.9.4, § 705.10.3 .
  • For cast‑iron hubless couplings used aboveground or where a specific shield standard is required, the CPC names multiple acceptable shield standards — choose a coupling listed to one of those standards for the application. § 705.2.2 .
  • Manufacturer’s instructions control installation details (gasket seating, lubrication, torque values). The CPC repeatedly requires installation per manufacturer and the listed standards. § 705.10 .

Common mistakes

  • Selecting a coupling only by nominal appearance and not checking whether it is listed to the CPC‑referenced ASTM standard (e.g., using a non‑listed shielded coupling for hubless cast iron). Check listing and standard (ASTM C1277 / C1540 / A1056 / CISPI 310). § 705.2.2 .
  • Failing to use a calibrated torque wrench and the manufacturer‑specified torque when tightening shield/clamp bands on hubless couplings. The code requires bands be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench set by the manufacturer. § 705.2.2 .
  • Solvent‑welding PVC directly to ABS or to other dissimilar materials without using the listed ABS↔PVC transition method (ASTM D3138) — PVC and ABS shall not be solvent welded to unlike materials except as specified. § 705.9.4, § 705.10.3 .
  • Using a mechanical coupling listed only for aboveground use in an underground application (or vice versa) — pick a coupling listed for the intended location per § 705.10 and the ASTM standards cited. § 705.10 .

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: You must join a 4‑inch hubless cast‑iron soil pipe (underground building sewer) to a 4‑inch PVC DWV pipe.

Step 1 — Choose the coupling: Because the run is belowground and joins cast‑iron to PVC, select a transition coupling listed for belowground use — the CPC points to ASTM C1173 for flexible transition couplings for underground piping systems or ASTM C1461 if the product is listed for both above‑ and belowground use. § 705.10 .

Step 2 — Confirm gasket & shield requirements: If the coupling is a shielded hubless type, verify the metallic shield listing (ASTM A1056 / C1277 / C1540 / CISPI 310) and that the elastomeric gasket meets ASTM C564. § 705.2.2 .

Step 3 — Installation: Clean pipe ends per manufacturer, seat the gasket, slide on the stainless steel shield/clamp assembly, center it over the gasket, and tighten the bands using an approved calibrated torque wrench set to the manufacturer’s specified torque. The CPC requires the use of a calibrated torque wrench specified by the coupling manufacturer. § 705.2.2 .

Result: A compliant belowground transition joint using a coupling listed to the appropriate ASTM standard and installed per the CPC’s mechanical coupling requirements. § 705.10, § 705.2.2

Related provisions (quick list)

  • § 705.2.1 — Caulked joints for cast‑iron (oakum & lead) (see CPC text) .
  • § 705.2.2 — Mechanical joints and compression joints for cast‑iron (hub & spigot and hubless shielded coupling) — controlling text for gaskets and shields .
  • § 705.5 (and subsections) — Fusion and socket fusion joint requirements for plastic DWV (see Chapter 705) .
  • § 705.8.1 — Compression joints for vitrified clay (ASTM C425 referenced) .
  • § 705.9.4 — Solvent‑cement transition between ABS and PVC (ASTM D3138) — special allowed transition .
  • § 701.2 — Materials for drainage piping; compatibility and referenced standards table (use when selecting pipe materials/standards) .
  • Referenced standards table (Table 1701.1/1701.2) lists ASTM C1173, C1460, C1461, C564, C1563, C1277, C1540, A1056 and others cited above — consult the table for exact standard titles and applications.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Plumbing Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CPC § 705.10 High relevance — show source text

    Waste,
    and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Sys-
    tems for Above and Below Ground Use|Joints|705.10|

    340 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

    STANDARD NUMBER STANDARD TITLE APPLICATION REFERENCED
    SECTION
    ASTM C1540-2020 Standard Specification for Heavy-Duty Shielded Couplings
    Joining Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings    		 Joints 705.2.2
    ASTM C1563-2008
    (R2021)    		 Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection with
    Hub and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
    Drain, Waste, Vent, and Storm Piping Applications    		 Joints 705.2.2
    ASTM C1822-2021 Standard Specification for Insulating Covers on Accessible
    Lavatory Piping    		 Miscellaneous 403.3
    ASTM D1253-2014 Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water Miscellaneous 1506.10.6, 1603.4.1
    ASTM D1785-2021a Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
    Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120    		 Piping Table 604.1, Table
    701.2
    ASTM D2235-2021 Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
    Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings    		 Joints 705.1.2
    ASTM D2239-2021 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
    (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter    		 Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM D2241-2020 Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-
    Rated Pipe (SDR Series)    		 Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM D2464-2015 Standard Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
    (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80    		 Fittings Table 604.1
    ASTM D2466-2021 Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
    Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40    		 Fittings Table 604.1
    ASTM D2467-2020 Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
    Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80    		 Fittings Table 604.1
    ASTM D2513-2020 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure
    Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings    		 Piping 1208.5.4, 1208.5.6.2,
    1208.5.10.2,
    1210.1.7.1(1)
    ASTM D2564-2020 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl
    Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems    		 Joints 605.12.2, 705.6.
  • CPC § 1701.1 High relevance — show source text

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

    STANDARD NUMBER STANDARD TITLE APPLICATION REFERENCED
    SECTION
    ASTM A1056-2020 Standard Specification for Cast Iron Couplings used for Joining
    Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings    		 Fittings 705.2.2
    ASTM B32-2020 Standard Specification for Solder Metal Joints 605.1.4, 705.3.3
    ASTM B42-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM B43-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
    Sizes    		 Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B75/B75M-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B88-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Piping Table 604.1, 604.4,
    903.2.3, 1208.5.3.3,
    1319.1(1)(a)
    ASTM B135/B135M-2017 Standard Specification for Seamless Brass Tube Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM B152/B152M-2019 Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and
    Rolled Bar    		 Miscellaneous 408.8.4
    ASTM B210/B210M-2019a Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
    Drawn Seamless Tubes    		 Piping 1208.5.3.4
    ASTM B241/B241M-2016 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
    Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube    		 Piping 1208.5.2.4,
    1208.5.3.4
    ASTM B251/B251M-2017 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought
    Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube    		 Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B280-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Con-
    ditioning and Refrigeration Field Service    		 Piping 1208.5.3.3,
    1319.1(1)(b)
    ASTM B302-2017 Standard Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard
    Sizes    		 Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B306-2020 Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV) Piping Table 701.2, 903.2.3
    ASTM B447-2012a (R2021) Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM B813-2016 Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Solder-
    ing of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube    		 Joints 605.1.4, 705.3.3
    ASTM B819-2019 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical
    Gas Systems    		 Piping 1318.4, 1318.5,
    1319.1(1)(c),
    1319.1.
  • CPC § 1.4 High relevance — show source text

    1.4, 705.3.3| |ASTM C4-2004 (R2018)|Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay
    Drain Tile|Piping|Table 1101.4.6| |ASTM C425-2021|Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified
    Clay Pipe and Fittings|Joints|705.8.1| |ASTM C564-2020a|Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil
    Pipe and Fittings|Joints|705.2.2| |ASTM C700-2018|Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
    Standard Strength, and Perforated|Piping|Table 701.2,
    Table 1101.4.6| |ASTM C1053-2000 (R2015)|Standard Specification for Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings
    for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Applications|Piping|811.2| |ASTM C1173-2018|Standard Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for
    Underground Piping Systems|Fittings|705.10| |ASTM C1277-2020|Standard Specification for Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless
    Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings|Fixtures|301.2.4, 705.2.2| |ASTM C1460-2021|Standard Specification for Shielded Transition Couplings for
    Use With Dissimilar DWV Pipe and Fittings Above Ground|Joints|705.10| |ASTM C1461-2021|Standard Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using Ther-
    moplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste,
    and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Sys-
    tems for Above and Below Ground Use|Joints|705.10|

    340 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

    STANDARD NUMBER STANDARD TITLE APPLICATION REFERENCED
    SECTION
    ASTM C1540-2020 Standard Specification for Heavy-Duty Shielded Couplings
    Joining Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings    		 Joints 705.2.2
    ASTM C1563-2008
    (R2021)    		 Standard Test Method for Gaskets for Use in Connection with
    Hub and Spigot Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
    Drain, Waste, Vent, and Storm Piping Applications    		 Joints 705.2.2
    ASTM C1822-2021 Standard Specification for Insulating Covers on Accessible
    Lavatory Piping    		 Miscellaneous 403.3
    ASTM D1253-2014 Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water Miscellaneous 1506.10.6, 1603.4.1
    ASTM D1785-2021a Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
    Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120    		 Piping Table 604.1, Table
    701.
  • CPC § 1701.2 High relevance — show source text

    Plastic| |ASTM D2657-2007 (R2015)|Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings|Joints| |ASTM D2774-2021a|Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM D2855-2020|Standard Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method of Joining
    Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and
    Piping Components with Tapered Sockets|Joints| |ASTM D3122-2015|Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Pipe and
    Fittings|Joints| |ASTM D3311-2017 (R2021)|Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns|Fittings| |ASTM F402-2018|Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used
    for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings|Joints| |ASTM F480-2014|Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in
    Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 and SCH 80|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM F810-2012 (R2018)|Standard Specification for Smoothwall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Use in Drainage
    and Waste Disposal Absorption Fields|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM F949-2020|Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a
    Smooth Interior and Fittings|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM F1476-2007 (R2019)|Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in
    Piping Applications|Joints| |ASTM F1499-2017|Standard Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
    (DWV)|Piping, Plastic|

    354 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.2 (continued) STANDARDS, PUBLICATIONS, PRACTICES, AND GUIDES

    DOCUMENT NUMBER DOCUMENT TITLE APPLICATION
    ASTM F1743-2017 Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-
    Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP)    		 Piping, Plastic
    ASTM F1924-2019 Standard Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter
    Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing    		 Fittings
    ASTM F1948-2020 Standard Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter
    Controlled Thermoplastic Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing    		 Fittings
    ASTM F2165-2019 Standard Specification for Flexible Pre-Insulated Piping Piping, Plastic
    ASTM F2206-2019 Standard Specification for Fabricated Fittings of Butt-Fused Polyethylene (PE) DWV Components
    ASTM F2306/F2306M-
    2021    		 Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in.
  • CPC § 1701.2 High relevance — show source text

    Plastic| |ASTM F1476-2007 (R2019)|Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in
    Piping Applications|Joints| |ASTM F1499-2017|Standard Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
    (DWV)|Piping, Plastic|

    354 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.2 (continued) STANDARDS, PUBLICATIONS, PRACTICES, AND GUIDES

    DOCUMENT NUMBER DOCUMENT TITLE APPLICATION
    ASTM F1743-2017 Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-
    Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP)    		 Piping, Plastic
    ASTM F1924-2019 Standard Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter
    Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing    		 Fittings
    ASTM F1948-2020 Standard Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter
    Controlled Thermoplastic Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing    		 Fittings
    ASTM F2165-2019 Standard Specification for Flexible Pre-Insulated Piping Piping, Plastic
    ASTM F2206-2019 Standard Specification for Fabricated Fittings of Butt-Fused Polyethylene (PE) DWV Components
    ASTM F2306/F2306M-
    2021    		 Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm] Annular Corrugated Profile-
    Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and Subsurface
    Drainage Applications    		 Piping, Plastic
    AWS AWS AWS
    AWS B2.4-2012 Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastics Joints, Certification
    AWWA AWWA AWWA
    AWWA C203-2020 Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipe Miscellaneous
    AWWA C213-2015 Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings Miscellaneous
    AWWA C215-2016 Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for Steel Water Pipe Miscellaneous
    CFR CFR CFR
    10 CFR 430 Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Energy Conservation
    10 CFR 431.106 Uniform Test Method for The Measurement of Energy Efficiency of Commercial
    Water Heating Equipment    		 Water Heating
    Equipment
    49 CFR 192 Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Standards Miscellaneous
    CGA CGA CGA
    CGA C-9-2019 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers for Medical Use Miscellaneous
    CGA S-1.
  • California Plumbing Code High relevance — show source text

    Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples|Piping, Copper Alloy| |ASTM C14-2020|Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
    Pipe|Piping, Non-Metallic| |ASTM C412-2019|Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile|Piping, Non-Metallic| |ASTM C443-2021|Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets|Joints| |ASTM C444-2021|Standard Specification for Perforated Concrete Pipe|Piping, Non-Metallic| |ASTM C478/C478M-2020|Standard Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections|Miscellaneous| |ASTM C1227-2020|Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Septic Tanks|DWV Components| |ASTM C1440-2021|Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gasket Materials for
    Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary and Storm Plumbing Systems|Joints| |ASTM D1784-2020|Standard Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Rigid Poly (Vinyl
    Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Com-
    pounds|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM D2321-2020|Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and
    Other Gravity-Flow Applications|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM D2517-2018|Standard Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM D2657-2007 (R2015)|Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings|Joints| |ASTM D2774-2021a|Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM D2855-2020|Standard Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent Cement) Method of Joining
    Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and
    Piping Components with Tapered Sockets|Joints| |ASTM D3122-2015|Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Pipe and
    Fittings|Joints| |ASTM D3311-2017 (R2021)|Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns|Fittings| |ASTM F402-2018|Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used
    for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings|Joints| |ASTM F480-2014|Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in
    Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 and SCH 80|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM F810-2012 (R2018)|Standard Specification for Smoothwall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Use in Drainage
    and Waste Disposal Absorption Fields|Piping, Plastic| |ASTM F949-2020|Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a
    Smooth Interior and Fittings|Piping,

  • CPC § 301.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    Waste, and Vent Piping Applications|Piping, Ferrous|301.2.4, Table 701.2,
    Table 707.2| |CISPI 310-2020|Couplings for Use in Connection with Hubless Cast Iron Soil
    Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and
    Vent Piping Applications|Joints|301.2.4, 705.2.2| |CSA|CSA|CSA|CSA| |ASME A112.19.2-
    2018/CSA B45.1-2018|Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures|Fixtures|407.1, 408.1, 409.1,
    410.1, 411.1, 412.1,
    415.1, 420.1| |ASME A112.19.1-
    2018/CSA B45.2-2018|Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures|Fixtures|407.1, 408.1, 409.1,
    415.1, 420.1| |ASME A112.19.3-
    2017/CSA B45.4-2017|Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures|Fixtures|407.1, 408.1, 409.1,
    410.1, 411.1, 415.1,
    420.1| |CSA B45.5-2017/IAPMO
    Z124-2017|Plastic Plumbing Fixtures (with Errata dated August 2017)|Fixtures|407.1, 408.1, 409.1,
    411.1, 412.1, 420.1| |CSA B45.8-2018/IAPMO
    Z403-2018|Terrazzo, Concrete, Composite Stone, and Natural Stone
    Plumbing Fixtures|Fixtures|407.1, 420.1| |ASME A112.3.4-2018/CSA
    B45.9-2018|Macerating Toilet Systems and Waste-Pumping Systems for
    Plumbing Fixtures|Fixtures|710.13| |ASME A112.19.7-
    2020/CSA B45.10-2020|Hydromassage Bathtub Systems|Fixtures|409.1, 409.6.1|

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 345

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

    STANDARD NUMBER STANDARD TITLE APPLICATION REFERENCED
    SECTION
    CSA B45.11-2017/IAPMO
    Z401-2017 (R2021)    		 Glass Plumbing Fixtures Fixtures 407.1
    CSA B45.12-2013/IAPMO
    Z402-2013 (R2018)    		 Aluminum and Copper Plumbing Fixtures Fixtures 407.1, 408.1, 409.1,
    420.1
    ASME A112.19.5-
    2017/CSA B45.15-2017    		 Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals, and Tanks Fixtures 413.3
    ASME A112.4.
  • CPC § 5.3.2 High relevance — show source text

    5.3.2(1)| |ASTM A269/A269M-2015a
    (R2019)|Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic
    Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service|Piping|Table 604.1,
    1208.5.3.2(2),
    1319.1(2)(a)| |ASTM A312/A312M-2021|Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily
    Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes|Piping|Table 604.1,
    1208.5.2.2(3),
    1319.1(2)(b),
    1319.1(2)(c)| |ASTM A403/A403M-2020|Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel
    Piping Fittings|Fittings|1319.1(2)(c)| |ASTM A554-2021|Standard Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical
    Tubing|Piping|Table 604.1| |ASTM A778-2016 (R2021)|Standard Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic
    Stainless Steel Tubular Products|Piping|Table 604.1| |ASTM A861-2004 (R2017)|Standard Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings|Piping|811.2| |ASTM A888-2021a|Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and
    Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping
    Applications|Piping|301.2.4, Table 701.2,
    Table 707.2|

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 339

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.1 (continued) REFERENCED STANDARDS

    STANDARD NUMBER STANDARD TITLE APPLICATION REFERENCED
    SECTION
    ASTM A1056-2020 Standard Specification for Cast Iron Couplings used for Joining
    Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings    		 Fittings 705.2.2
    ASTM B32-2020 Standard Specification for Solder Metal Joints 605.1.4, 705.3.3
    ASTM B42-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM B43-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard
    Sizes    		 Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B75/B75M-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube Piping Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2
    ASTM B88-2020 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube Piping Table 604.1, 604.4,
    903.2.3, 1208.5.3.3,
    1319.1(1)(a)
    ASTM B135/B135M-2017 Standard Specification for Seamless Brass Tube Piping Table 604.1
    ASTM B152/B152M-2019 Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and
    Rolled Bar    		 Miscellaneous 408.8.
  • CPC § 193-2020 High relevance — show source text

    PVC DWV Fittings|DWV Components| |IAPMO IGC 193-2020|Safety Plates, Plate Straps, Notched Plates and Safety Collars|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO IGC 226-2019|Drinking Water Fountains with or Without Chiller or Heater|Fixtures| |IAPMO IGC 244-2021|Tub and Shower Flow-Reduction Systems|Valves| |IAPMO IGC 262-2020|Corrugated Thermoplastic Tanks|DWV Components| |IAPMO IGC 267-2015e1|Hydrants Without Integral Backflow Preventers|Valves| |IAPMO IGC 276-2019|Bundled Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Synthetic Aggregate Units|DWV Components| |IAPMO IGC 315-2016|Water Manifold Systems|Fittings| |IAPMO IGC 327-2016|Flexible Metallic Expansion Joints for Pressure Systems|Joints| |IAPMO IGC 330-2018|Recirculating Shower Systems|Fixtures| |IAPMO IGC 332-2017a|Hydronic Radiators|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO IGC 352-2020e1|Diverter Valves for use in Alternate Nonpotable Water Source System|Valves| |IAPMO IS 26-2019e2|Trenchless Insertion of Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Sewer Laterals|Piping| |IAPMO PS 1-2019|Tank Risers|DWV Components| |IAPMO PS 23-2021|Dishwasher Drain Airgaps|Backflow Protection| |IAPMO PS 25-2019|Metallic Fittings Joining Polyethylene Pipe for Water Service and Yard Piping|Joints| |IAPMO PS 34-2019|Encasement Sleeves for Potable Water Pipe and Tubing|Piping| |IAPMO PS 36-2014el|Lead-Free Sealing Compounds for Threaded Joints|Joints| |IAPMO PS 37-2019|Black Plastic PVC or PE Pressure Sensitive Corrosion Preventive Tape|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO PS 42-2013e1|Pipe Alignment and Secondary Support Systems|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO PS 50-2019|Flush Valves with Dual Flush Device for Water Closets or Water Closet Tanks with
    Integral Flush Valves with a Dual Flush Device|Fixtures|

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 357

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.2 (continued) STANDARDS, PUBLICATIONS, PRACTICES, AND GUIDES

    DOCUMENT NUMBER DOCUMENT TITLE APPLICATION
    IAPMO PS 51-2021 Expansion Joints and Flexible Expansion Joints for DWV Piping Systems Joints
    IAPMO PS 52-2021 Pump/Dose, Sumps and Sewage Ejector Tanks with or without a Pump DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 54-2021a Metallic and Plastic Utility Boxes Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 59-2016ae2 Wastewater Diverter/Bypass Valves and Diversion Systems Fittings
    IAPMO PS 63-2019 Plastic Leaching Chambers DWV
  • CPC § 5.3.4 High relevance — show source text

    5.3.4| |ASTM B241/B241M-2016|Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
    Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube|Piping|1208.5.2.4,
    1208.5.3.4| |ASTM B251/B251M-2017|Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought
    Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube|Piping|Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2| |ASTM B280-2020|Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Con-
    ditioning and Refrigeration Field Service|Piping|1208.5.3.3,
    1319.1(1)(b)| |ASTM B302-2017|Standard Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard
    Sizes|Piping|Table 604.1,
    Table 701.2| |ASTM B306-2020|Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)|Piping|Table 701.2, 903.2.3| |ASTM B447-2012a (R2021)|Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube|Piping|Table 604.1| |ASTM B813-2016|Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Solder-
    ing of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube|Joints|605.1.4, 705.3.3| |ASTM B819-2019|Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical
    Gas Systems|Piping|1318.4, 1318.5,
    1319.1(1)(c),
    1319.1.1| |ASTM B828-2016|Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of
    Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings|Joints|605.1.4, 705.3.3| |ASTM C4-2004 (R2018)|Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay
    Drain Tile|Piping|Table 1101.4.6| |ASTM C425-2021|Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified
    Clay Pipe and Fittings|Joints|705.8.1| |ASTM C564-2020a|Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil
    Pipe and Fittings|Joints|705.2.2| |ASTM C700-2018|Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
    Standard Strength, and Perforated|Piping|Table 701.2,
    Table 1101.4.6| |ASTM C1053-2000 (R2015)|Standard Specification for Borosilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings
    for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Applications|Piping|811.2| |ASTM C1173-2018|Standard Specification for Flexible Transition Couplings for
    Underground Piping Systems|Fittings|705.10| |ASTM C1277-2020|Standard Specification for Shielded Couplings Joining Hubless
    Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings|Fixtures|301.2.4, 705.2.2| |ASTM C1460-2021|Standard Specification for Shielded Transition Couplings for
    Use With Dissimilar DWV Pipe and Fittings Above Ground|Joints|705.10| |ASTM C1461-2021|Standard Specification for Mechanical Couplings Using Ther-
    moplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Gaskets for Joining Drain, Waste,

  • CPC § 34-2019 High relevance — show source text

    for Water Service and Yard Piping|Joints| |IAPMO PS 34-2019|Encasement Sleeves for Potable Water Pipe and Tubing|Piping| |IAPMO PS 36-2014el|Lead-Free Sealing Compounds for Threaded Joints|Joints| |IAPMO PS 37-2019|Black Plastic PVC or PE Pressure Sensitive Corrosion Preventive Tape|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO PS 42-2013e1|Pipe Alignment and Secondary Support Systems|Miscellaneous| |IAPMO PS 50-2019|Flush Valves with Dual Flush Device for Water Closets or Water Closet Tanks with
    Integral Flush Valves with a Dual Flush Device|Fixtures|

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 357

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    REFERENCED STANDARDS

    TABLE 1701.2 (continued) STANDARDS, PUBLICATIONS, PRACTICES, AND GUIDES

    DOCUMENT NUMBER DOCUMENT TITLE APPLICATION
    IAPMO PS 51-2021 Expansion Joints and Flexible Expansion Joints for DWV Piping Systems Joints
    IAPMO PS 52-2021 Pump/Dose, Sumps and Sewage Ejector Tanks with or without a Pump DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 54-2021a Metallic and Plastic Utility Boxes Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 59-2016ae2 Wastewater Diverter/Bypass Valves and Diversion Systems Fittings
    IAPMO PS 63-2019 Plastic Leaching Chambers DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 64-2012ae1 Roof Pipe Flashings Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 67-2019 Early-Closure Replacement Flappers or Early Replacement Flapper with Mechanical
    Assemblies    		 Fixtures
    IAPMO PS 69-2019 Bathwaste and Overflow Assemblies with Tub Filler Spout DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 73-2015 Dental Liquid-Ring Vacuum Pumps Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 79-2019 Multiport Electronic Trap Primers DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 81-2019 Precast Concrete Seepage Pit Liners and Covers DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 85-2019 Tools for Mechanically Formed Tee Connections in Copper Tubing Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 86-2019 Rainwater Diverter Valves for Non-Roofed Area Slabs DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 91-2019 Plastic Stabilizers for Use with Plastic Closet Bends DWV Components
    IAPMO PS 92-2013e1 Heat Exchangers and Indirect Water Heaters Miscellaneous
    IAPMO PS 94-2012e1 Insulated Protectors for P-Traps,
  • CPC § 3.2 High relevance — show source text

    The lead shall be caulked thoroughly at the inside and outside edges of the joint. After caulking, the finished joint shall not exceed [1] ⁄ 8 of an inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub. No paint, varnish, or other coatings shall be permitted on the joining material until after the joint has been tested and approved.

    705.2.2 Mechanical Joints and Compression Joints. Mechanical joints for cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be of the elastomeric compression type or mechanical joint couplings. Compression type joints with an elastomeric gasket for cast-iron hub and spigot pipe shall comply with ASTM C564 and be tested in accordance with ASTM C1563. Hub and spigot shall be clean and

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 169

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    SANITARY DRAINAGE

    free of dirt, mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cut pipe shall be free from sharp edges. Fold and insert gasket into the hub. Lubricate the joint following manufacturer’s instructions. Insert spigot into hub until the spigot end of the pipe bottom out in the hub. Use the same procedure for the installation of fittings.

    A mechanical joint shielded coupling type for hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall have a metallic shield that complies with ASTM A1056, ASTM C1277, ASTM C1540, or CISPI 310. The elastomeric gasket shall comply with ASTM C564. Hubless cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be clean and free of dirt, mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cut pipe shall be free from sharp edges. Gasket shall be placed on the end of the pipe or fitting and the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly on the end of the other pipe or fitting. Pipe or fittings shall be seated against the center stop inside the elastomeric sleeve. Slide the stainless steel shield and clamp assembly into a position centered over the gasket and tighten. Bands shall be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench specifically set by the manufacturer of the couplings.

    705.3 Copper or Copper Alloy Pipe (DWV) and Joints. Joining methods for copper or copper alloy pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions and shall comply with Section 705.3.1 through Section 705.3.4.

    705.3.1 Brazed Joints. Brazed joints between copper or copper alloy pipe and fittings shall be made with brazing alloys having a liquid temperature above 1000°F (538°C). The joint surfaces to be brazed shall be cleaned bright by either manual or mechanical means. Piping shall be cut square and reamed to full inside diameter. Brazing flux shall be applied to the joint surfaces where required by manufacturer’s recommendation. Brazing filler metal shall conform to AWS A5.8 and shall be

    applied at the point where the pipe or tubing enters the socket of the fitting.

    705.3.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints in copper or copper alloy piping shall be made with a mechanical coupling with grooved end piping or approved joint designed for the specific application.

  • CPC § 312.0 High relevance — show source text

    312.0 Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures

    314.0 Trenching, Excavation, and Backfill

    701.3 Drainage Fittings

    705.5.1.1 Butt Fusion Joints

    705.5.1.2 Electro-Fusion Joints

    705.5.1.3 Socket-Fusion Joints

    723.0 Building Sewer Test

    TABLE 1

    CLEANOUTS (See Section 4.6.1)

    The following standards from Tables 1701.1 and 1701.2 of the 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code apply.

    Table 1701.1 Standards

    ASTM D2239 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDRPR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter

    ASTM D2683 Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing

    ASTM D3261 Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing

    ASTM F714 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DRPR) Based on Outside Diameter

    ASTM F894 Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile Wall Sewer and Drain Pipe

    ASTM F1055 Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing

    ASTM F2620 Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings

    Table 1701.2 Standards

    ASTM D2657 Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings

    IAPMO PS 25 Metallic Fittings for Joining Polyethylene Pipe for Water Service and Yard Piping

    Note: For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm

    2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 453

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    454 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    "The information contained in this appendix is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. As such, this appendix may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard."

    The following IAPMO Installation Standard is included here for the convenience of the users of the Uniform Plumbing Code. It is not considered as a part of the Uniform Plumbing Code unless formally adopted as such. This Installation Standard is an independent, stand-alone document published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials and is printed herein by the expressed written permission of IAPMO.

    INSTALLATION STANDARD FOR PEX TUBING SYSTEMS

    FOR HOT- AND COLD-WATER DISTRIBUTION

    IAPMO IS 31-2022

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically adopted by a state agency, or referenced in the adopting ordinance.

    1 Scope

    1.1 General

    1.1.1 This Standard specifies requirements for the installation of SDR 9 CTS crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing and fittings, including cold-expansion, crimp, press, and mechanical compression fittings, intended for hot- and cold-water distribution systems within buildings.

    1.1.2 This Standards applies to

Frequently asked questions

Can I use any flexible coupling to join cast iron and PVC underground?

No. The CPC requires couplings listed for belowground transition use — typically ASTM C1173 (belowground) or a product listed to ASTM C1461/C1460 as allowed by § 705.10. Always use a coupling listed for the specific materials and location and install per manufacturer instructions.

Do clamp bands on shielded hubless couplings need a torque wrench?

Yes. The code requires that bands be tightened using an approved calibrated torque wrench specifically set by the coupling manufacturer for the coupling being installed (see § 705.2.2).

Are ABS and PVC allowed to be solvent‑welded to other materials?

Generally no. PVC and ABS shall not be solvent‑welded to unlike materials except for the specific ABS→PVC solvent transition allowed under § 705.9.4 using listed transition solvent cement in accordance with ASTM D3138.

Which ASTM standard covers rubber gaskets for cast‑iron soil pipe?

ASTM C564 is the standard referenced for rubber (elastomeric) gaskets used with cast‑iron soil pipe and fittings in § 705.2.2; gasket testing is covered by ASTM C1563.

If a coupling is listed to ASTM C1460, can I use it underground?

Only if the product’s listing specifically covers belowground use. The CPC distinguishes aboveground and belowground listings: use ASTM C1173 for belowground, ASTM C1460 for aboveground, or ASTM C1461 for both — check the product listing and § 705.10.

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