CPC · California Plumbing Code
Requirements by fixture type: lavatories, water closets, showers, sinks, and specialty fixtures
This hub orients readers to where the CPC sets product, installation, trap/vent, overflow, accessibility and water‑conservation rules for lavatories, water closets, showers, sinks and specialty fixtures.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
Overview
This part of the California Plumbing Code (CPC) collects the fixture-specific requirements — how fixtures must be constructed, installed, trapped and vented, routed to drainage, and limited for water use — for lavatories, water closets, showers, sinks and special-use fixtures. The code groups these rules in the plumbing-fixtures chapter and companion appendices; for example, lavatory rules appear at §407.0, showers at §408.0, and special fixtures at §406.0, each with product, installation and overflow requirements. See §407.0 for lavatory provisions , §408.0 for showers and §406.0 for special fixtures and specialties .
Why this matters: these sections implement health, sanitation, accessibility and water‑efficiency objectives — specifying permitted materials and connections, prohibited fixture types, trap and vent requirements, and maximum flow and flush rates. Key complementary rules include waste fittings and overflow requirements at §404.0 , trap/vent design in Chapter 10 (e.g., §1001.0–§1003.1) , and water‑conservation limits in Appendix L (Table L402.1 and related sections) for showerheads, faucets and toilets .
Compliance is determined by combining the fixture‑specific sections with fixture counts and minimums in Table 422.1 (plumbing facilities by occupancy) and referenced product standards (ASME/CSA listings, performance specs) called out in the referenced sections. See Table 422.1 for minimum fixture counts by occupancy and Table L402.1 for maximum flow and flush rates .
In this section
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Plumbing Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CPC § 302.2 High relevance — show source text
(2) The pressure of the heat-transfer medium is maintained at less than the normal minimum operating pressure of the potable water system.
Exception: Steam in accordance with Section C 302.2(1) above.
(3) The equipment is permanently labeled to indicate that only additives recognized as safe by the FDA shall be used in the heat-transfer medium.
C 302.3 Alternate Designs. Other heat exchanger designs shall be permitted where approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
C 303.0 Fixture Unit Values for Private or Private Use Bathroom Groups.
C 303.1 Fixtures. Table C 303.2 and Table C 303.3 reflect the fixture unit loads for the fixtures in bathrooms as groups, rather than as individual fixtures. Such fixtures include water closets, lavatories, and bathtubs or showers. The tables reflect diversity in the use of fixtures within a bathroom and between multiple bathrooms. C 303.2 Water Supply Fixture Unit Values. The listed water supply fixture unit values in Table C 303.2 reflect the load of entire bathroom groups on the cold water building supply. Individual hot and cold water branch piping to the fixtures shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with Chapter 6 and Appendix A. C 303.3 Drainage Fixture Unit Values. The listed drainage fixture unit values in Table C 303.3 reflect a load of entire bathroom groups on the sanitary drainage system. Where fixtures within bathrooms connect to different branches of the drainage system, the fixture unit values for the individual fixtures shall be used, as listed in Table 702.1 of this code.
C 304.0 Drainage System Sizing.
C 304.1 Drainage Fixture Units. Drainage fixture unit values shall be sized in accordance with Section 702.0 and
Table 702.1.
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 387
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
APPENDIX C
TABLE C 303.2 WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU) FOR BATHROOM GROUPS [1, 2]
Col1 PRIVATE USE
BATHROOM GROUPCol3 SERVING 3 OR MORE
PRIVATE USE
BATHROOM GROUPSCol5 COLD HOT3 COLD HOT Bathroom Groups Having up to 1.6 GPF Gravity-Tank and Pressure Tank Water Closets Bathroom Groups Having up to 1.6 GPF Gravity-Tank and Pressure Tank Water Closets Bathroom Groups Having up to 1.6 GPF Gravity-Tank and Pressure Tank Water Closets Bathroom Groups Having up to 1.6 GPF Gravity-Tank and Pressure Tank Water Closets Bathroom Groups Having up to 1.6 GPF Gravity-Tank and Pressure Tank Water Closets Half-Bath or Powder Room 3.5 0.8 2.5 0.5 1 Bathroom Group 5.0 2.5 3.5 1.8 11⁄2 Bathrooms 6.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 2 Bathrooms 7.0 3.5 3.4 3.4 21⁄2 Bathrooms 8.0 3. CPC § 422.1 Medium relevance — show source text
|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 73
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 422.1
Col1 MINIMUM Col3 PLUMBING F FACILITIES1 (continued) Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3URINALS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)4LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5BATHTUBS
OR
SHOWERS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)DRINKING
FOUNTAINS/
FACILITIES
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)OTHER6, 7 S-1, S-2 Storage occu-
pancy-storage of goods,
warehouse, aircraft
hanger, food products,
appliancesMale
1: 1-100
2: 101-200
3: 201-400Female
1: 1-100
2: 101-200
3: 201-400–– Male
1: 1-200
2: 201-400
3: 401-750Female
1: 1-200
2: 201-400
3: 401-750–– 1: 1-250
2: 251-500
3: 501-7501 service
sink or
laundry sinkS-1, S-2 Storage occu-
pancy-storage of goods,
warehouse, aircraft
hanger, food products,
appliancesOver 400, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 males
and 1 fixture for each
additional 150 females.Over 400, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 males
and 1 fixture for each
additional 150 females.Over 400, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 males
and 1 fixture for each
additional 150 females.Over 750, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 per-
sons.Over 750, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 per-
sons.Over 750, add 1 fixture for
each additional 500 per-
sons.Over 750, CPC § 403.3 Medium relevance — show source text
403.3 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces . . . . .60
404.0 Waste Fittings and Overflows . . . . .60
404.1 Waste Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
404.2 Overflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.0 Prohibited Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.1 Prohibited Water Closets . . . . . . . .60
405.2 Prohibited Urinals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.3 Miscellaneous Fixtures . . . . . . . . . .60
406.0 Special Fixtures and Specialties . . .61
406.1 Water and Waste Connections . . . .61
406.2 Special Use Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
406.3 Special Use Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .61
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE xxix
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
406.4 Zinc Alloy Components . . . . . . . . .61
407.0 Lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.2 Water Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.3 Limitation of Hot Water
Temperature for Public Lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.4 Transient Public Lavatories . . . . . .61
407.5 Waste Outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.6 Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
408.0 Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
408.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
408.2 Tileable Shower Receptors . . . . . .61
408.3 Water Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . .61
408.4 Individual Shower and
Tub-Shower Combination
Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
408.5 Waste Outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
408.6 Finished Curb or Threshold . . . . . .62
408.7 Shower Compartments . . . . . . . . . .62
408.8 Lining for Showers and Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
408.9 Public Shower Floors . . . . . . . . . . .63
408.10 Location of Valves and Heads . . . . .63
408.11 Water Supply Riser . . . . . . . . . . . .63
409.0 Bathtubs and Whirlpool Bathtubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
CPC § 18.9 Medium relevance — show source text
Protectors, insulators, or both shall comply with ASME A112.18.9 or ASTM C1822. [HCD 1-AC] Specific requirements regard- ing accommodations for persons with disabilities are contained in Chapter 11A of the California Building Code.
404.0 Waste Fittings and Overflows. 404.1 Waste Fittings. Waste fittings shall comply with ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F409 or Table 701.2 for aboveground drainage piping and fittings. 404.2 Overflows. Where a fixture is provided with an overflow, the overflow shall comply with Section 404.2.1 or Section 404.2.2.
404.2.1 Sinks, Lavatories, and Bathtubs. The waste shall be so arranged that the standing water in the fixture shall not rise in the overflow where the stopper is closed or remain in the overflow where the fixture is empty. The overflow pipe from a fixture shall be connected to the house or inlet side of the fixture trap.
404.2.2 Water Closets and Urinals. Overflows on flush tanks shall be permitted to discharge into the water closets or urinals served by them.
405.0 Prohibited Fixtures.
405.1 Prohibited Water Closets. Water closets having an invisible seal or an unventilated space or having walls which are not thoroughly washed at each discharge shall be prohibited. A water closet that might permit siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited. 405.2 Prohibited Urinals. Trough urinals and urinals with an invisible seal shall be prohibited.
405.3 Miscellaneous Fixtures. Fixed wooden, or tile wash sinks for domestic use shall not be installed in a building designed or used for human habitation. No sheet metal-lined wooden bathtub shall be installed or reconnected. No dry or chemical closet (toilet) shall be installed in a building used for human habitation unless first approved by the Health Officer.
60 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
406.0 Special Fixtures and Specialties.
406.1 Water and Waste Connections. Baptisteries, ornamental and lily ponds, aquaria, ornamental fountain basins, and similar fixtures and specialties requiring water, waste connections, or both shall be submitted for approval to the Authority Having Jurisdiction prior to installation.
406.2 Special Use Sinks. Restaurant kitchen and other special use sinks shall be permitted to be made of approvedtype bonderized and galvanized sheet steel of not less than No. 16 U.S. gauge (0.0635 inches) (1.6 mm). Sheet-metal plumbing fixtures shall be adequately designed, constructed, and braced in an approved manner to accomplish their intended purpose.
406.3 Special Use Fixtures. Special use fixtures shall be made of one of the following:
(1) Soapstone
(2) Chemical stoneware
(3) Copper-based alloy
(4) Nickel-based alloy
(5) Corrosion-resistant steel
(6) Other materials suited for the intended use of the fixture
406.4 Zinc Alloy Components. Zinc alloy components shall comply with applicable nationally recognized standards and shall be used in accordance with their listing.
CPC § 422.1 Medium relevance — show source text
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 422.1
Col1 Col2 MINIMUM Col4 PLUMBING F FACILITIES1 (continued) Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3URINALS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)4LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5BATHTUBS
OR
SHOWERS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)DRINKING
FOUNTAINS/
FACILITIES
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)OTHER6, 7 R-1 Residential occu-
pancy (minimal stay)-
hotels, motels, bed and
breakfast homesR-1 Residential occu-
pancy (minimal stay)-
hotels, motels, bed and
breakfast homes1 per sleeping room 1 per sleeping room –– 1 per sleeping room 1 per sleeping room 1 per sleep-
ing room–– 1 service sink
or
laundry sinkR-2 Resi-
dential
occupancy
(long-term
or perma-
nent)Dormitories Male
1 per 10Female
1 per 8Male
1 per 25Male
1 per 12Female
1 per 121 per 8 1 per 150 1 service
sink or
laundry sinkR-2 Resi-
dential
occupancy
(long-term
or perma-
nent)Dormitories Add 1 fixture for each
additional 25 males and 1
fixture for each additional
20 females.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 25 males and 1
fixture for each additional
20 females.Over 150,
add 1 fixture
for each
additional
50 males.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.CPC § 1-50 Medium relevance — show source text
F2** Factory or Indus-
trial occupancy-fabricat-
ing or assembly work|Male
1: 1-50
2: 51-75
3: 76-100|Female
1: 1-50
2: 51-75
3: 76-100|––|Male
1: 1-50
2: 51-75
3: 76-100|Female
1: 1-50
2: 51-75
3: 76-100|1 shower for
each 15
persons
exposed to
excessive
heat or to
skin con-
tamination
with poison-
ous, infec-
tious or
irritating
material|1: 1-250
2: 251-500
3: 501-750|1 service
sink or
laundry sink
| |F1, F2 Factory or Indus-
trial occupancy-fabricat-
ing or assembly work|Over 100, add 1 fixture
for each additional 40 per-
sons.|Over 100, add 1 fixture
for each additional 40 per-
sons.|––|Over 100, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 per-
sons.|Over 100, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 per-
sons.|Over 100, add 1 fixture for
each additional 40 per-
sons.|Over 750,
add 1 fixture
for each
additional
500 persons.|Over 750,
add 1 fixture
for each
additional
500 persons.|2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 71
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 422.1
Col1 Col2 MINIMUM Col4 PLUMBING F FACILITIES1 (continued) Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3URINALS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)4LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5BATHTUBS
OR
SHOWERS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)DRINKING
FOUNTAINS/
FACILITIES
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)**OTHER6, CPC § 11B-604.8.1 Medium relevance — show source text
In addition to_ the toilet compartments required to comply with Section 11B-604.8.1 and urinal compartments required to comply with Section 11B- 605.5, where the combination of urinals and water closets totals six or more fixtures, toilet compartments complying with Section 11B-604.8.2 shall be provided in the same quantity as the toilet compartments required to comply with Section 11B-604.8.1. At all compartments not required to comply with Section 11B-604.8 or Section 11B-605.5, compartment doors shall be in-swinging and self- closing. All individual compartments shall be identified with a sign complying with Section 11B-216.8.3.
11B- 213.3.2 Water closets. Where water closets are provided, at least 5 percent but no fewer than one shall comply with Section 11B- 604 .
11B- 213.3.3 Urinals. Where one or more urinals are provided, at least 10 percent but no fewer than one shall comply with Section 11B- 605 .
11B- 213.3.4 Lavatories. Where lavatories are provided, at least 10 percent but no fewer than one shall comply with Section 11B- 606 and shall not be located in a toilet or urinal compartment .
11B- 213.3.5 Mirrors. Where mirrors are provided, at least one shall comply with Section 11B- 603.3.
11B- 213.3.6 Bathing facilities. Where bathtubs or showers are provided, at least one bathtub complying with Section 11B- 607 or at least one shower complying with Section 11B- 608 shall be provided. Where two or more accessible showers are provided within the same functional area, at least one shower shall be opposite hand from the other or others (that is, one left-hand controls versus right-hand controls). Transfer type shower compartments shall be permitted in transient lodging guest rooms, multibedroom hous- ing units in undergraduate student housing and residential dwelling units; and shall not be permitted at other locations to meet the requirements of Section 11B-213.3.6.
11B- 213.3.7 Coat hooks and shelves. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in toilet rooms without toilet compartments, at least one of each type shall comply with Section 11B- 603.4. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in toilet compartments, at least one of each type complying with Section 11B- 604.8.3 shall be provided in toilet compartments required to comply with Section 11B- 213.3.1. Where coat hooks or shelves are provided in bathing facilities, at least one of each type complying with Section 11B- 603.4 shall serve fixtures required to comply with Section 11B- 213.3.6.
SECTION 11B- 214—WASHING MACHINES AND CLOTHES DRYERS
11B- 214.1 General. Where provided, washing machines and clothes dryers shall comply with Section 11B- 214 .
CPC § 1001.0 Medium relevance — show source text
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
CHAPTER 10
TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS
1001.0 General.
1001.1 Applicability. This chapter shall govern the materials, design, and installation of traps and interceptors.
1001.2 Where Required. Each plumbing fixture shall be separately trapped by an approved type of liquid seal trap. This section shall not apply to fixtures with integral traps. Not more than one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm. Food waste disposers installed with a set of restaurant, commercial, or industrial sinks shall be connected to a separate trap.
Each domestic clothes washer and each laundry sink shall be connected to a separate and independent trap, except that a trap serving a laundry sink shall also be permitted to receive the waste from a clothes washer set adjacent to it.
The vertical distance between a fixture outlet and the trap weir shall be as short as practicable, but in no case shall the tailpiece exceed 24 inches (610 mm) in length.
One trap shall be permitted to serve a set of not more than three single compartment sinks or laundry sinks of the same depth or three lavatories immediately adjacent to each other and in the same room where the waste outlets are not more than 30 inches (762 mm) apart, and the trap is centrally located where three compartments are installed.
1002.0 Traps Protected by Vent Pipes.
1002.1 Vent Pipes. Each plumbing fixture trap, except as otherwise provided in this code, shall be protected against siphonage, backpressure, and air circulation shall be assured throughout the drainage system using a vent pipe installed in accordance with the requirements of this code.
1002.2 Fixture Traps. Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located that the developed length of the trap arm from the trap weir to the inner edge of the vent shall be within the distance given in Table 1002.2 but in no case less than two times the diameter of the trap arm. 1002.3 Change of Direction. A trap arm shall be permitted to change direction without the use of a cleanout where such change of direction does not exceed 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Horizontal changes in the direction of trap arms shall be in accordance with Section 706.3.
Exception: For trap arms, 3 inches (80 mm) in diameter and larger, the change of direction shall not exceed 135 degrees (2.36 rad) without the use of a cleanout. 1002.4 Vent Pipe Opening. The vent pipe opening from soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the weir of the trap.
1003.0 Traps – Described. 1003.1 General Requirements. Each trap, except for traps within an interceptor or similar device shall be selfcleaning. Traps for bathtubs, showers, lavatories, sinks, laun
dry sinks, floor drains, urinals, drinking fountains, dental units, and similar fixtures shall be of standard design, weight and shall be of ABS, cast-brass, cast-iron, lead, PP, PVC, or other approved material. An exposed and readily accessible drawn-copper alloy tubing trap, not less than 17 B & S Gauge (0.045 inch) (1.143 mm), shall be permitted to be used on fixtures discharging domestic sewage.
Exception s :
CPC § 401.2 Medium relevance — show source text
401.2 Quality of Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
401.3 Water-Conserving Fixtures and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.0 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.1 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.2 Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.3 Securing Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.4 Wall-Hung Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.5 Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
402.6 Flanged Fixture Connections . . . . .59
402.7 Supply Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
402.8 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
402.9 Design and Installation of Plumbing Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
402.10 Slip Joint Connections . . . . . . . . . .60
402.11 Future Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
403.0 Accessible Plumbing Facilities . . . .60
403.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
403.2 Fixtures and Fixture Fittings for Persons with Disabilities . . . . . .60
403.3 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces . . . . .60
404.0 Waste Fittings and Overflows . . . . .60
404.1 Waste Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
404.2 Overflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.0 Prohibited Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.1 Prohibited Water Closets . . . . . . . .60
405.2 Prohibited Urinals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
405.3 Miscellaneous Fixtures . . . . . . . . . .60
406.0 Special Fixtures and Specialties . . .61
406.1 Water and Waste Connections . . . .61
406.2 Special Use Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
406.3 Special Use Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . .61
2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE xxix
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
406.4 Zinc Alloy Components . . . . . . . . .61
407.0 Lavatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.2 Water Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . .61
407.3 Limitation of Hot Water
CPC § 422.1 Medium relevance — show source text
and two family
dwelling|––|1 per one and two family
dwelling|1 per one and two family
dwelling|1 per one
and two
family
dwelling|––|1 kitchen
sink and
1 automatic
clothes washer
connection per
one and two
family
dwelling| |R-4 Residential occu-
pancy (residential care or
assisted living)|R-4 Residential occu-
pancy (residential care or
assisted living)|Male
1 per 10|Female
1 per 8|––|Male
1 per 12|Female
1 per 12|1 per 8|1 per 150|1 service
sink or
laundry sink| |R-4 Residential occu-
pancy (residential care or
assisted living)|R-4 Residential occu-
pancy (residential care or
assisted living)|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 25 males and 1
fixture for each additional
20 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 25 males and 1
fixture for each additional
20 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 25 males and 1
fixture for each additional
20 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|Add 1 fixture for each
additional 20 males and 1
fixture for each additional
15 females.|2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 73
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 422.1
Col1 MINIMUM Col3 PLUMBING F FACILITIES1 (continued) Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3URINALS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)4LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5BATHTUBS
OR
SHOWERS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)DRINKING
FOUNTAINS/
FACILITIES
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)OTHER6, 7 **S-1, CPC § 422.1 Medium relevance — show source text
|Over 750,
add 1 fixture
for each
additional
500 persons.|Over 750,
add 1 fixture
for each
additional
500 persons.|2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE 71
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
TABLE 422.1
Col1 Col2 MINIMUM Col4 PLUMBING F FACILITIES1 (continued) Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2TYPE OF
OCCUPANCY2WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3WATER CLOSETS
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)3URINALS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)4LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5LAVATORIES
(FIXTURES PER PERSON)5BATHTUBS
OR
SHOWERS
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)DRINKING
FOUNTAINS/
FACILITIES
(FIXTURES
PER
PERSON)OTHER6, 7 I-1 Institutional occu-
pancy (houses more than
16 persons on a 24-hour
basis)- substance abuse
centers, assisted living,
group homes, or residen-
tial facilitiesI-1 Institutional occu-
pancy (houses more than
16 persons on a 24-hour
basis)- substance abuse
centers, assisted living,
group homes, or residen-
tial facilitiesMale
1 per 15Female
1 per 15–– Male
1 per 15Female
1 per 151 per 8 1 per 150 1 service
sink or
laundry sinkI-2 Institu-
tional occu-
pancy-medi
cal, psychi-
atric, surgi-
cal or
nursing
homesHospitals
and nursing
homes-indi-
vidual
rooms and
ward room1 per room 1 per room –– 1 per room 1 per room 1 per room 1 per 150 1 service
sink or
laundry sinkI-2 Institu-
tional occu-
pancy-medi
cal, psychi-
atric,CPC § 402.1 Medium relevance — show source text
TABLE L 402.1
MAXIMUM FIXTURE AND FIXTURE FITTINGS FLOW RATES
FIXTURE TYPE FLOW RATE
Showerheads2.0 gpm at 80 psi1
Kitchen faucets residential41.8 gpm at 60 psi
Lavatory faucets residential51.5 gpm at 60 psi
Lavatory faucets other than
residential0.5 gpm at 60 psi
Metering faucets0.25 gallons/cycle
Metering faucets for wash
fountainsOne 0.25 gallons/cycle fixture fit-
ting for each 20 inches rim space
Wash fountainsOne 2.2 gpm at 60 psi fixture fit-
ting for each 20 inches rim space
Water Closets1.28 gallons/flush2
Urinals0.5 gallons/flush3
Commercial Pre-Rinse
Spray ValvesSee Section L 402.9 For SI units: 1 gallon per minute = 0.06 L/s, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L
Notes: 1 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Showerheads. For multiple showerheads serving one shower compartment see Section L
402.6.1. 2 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilet or Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets. 3 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Flushing Urinal Specification. Nonwater urinals shall comply with specifications listed in Section L 402.3.1. 4 See Section L 402.4. 5 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense High-Efficiency Lavatory Faucet Specification.
L 402.2 Water Closets. No water closet shall have an effective flush volume exceeding 1.28 gallons per flush (gpf) (4.8 Lpf). L 402.2.1 Gravity, Pressure Assisted, and Elec- tro-Hydraulic Tank Type Water Closets. Gravity, pressure assisted, and electro-hydraulic tank-type water closets shall have a maximum effective flush volume of
TABLE L 402.1
MAXIMUM FIXTURE AND FIXTURE FITTINGS FLOW RATES
For SI units: 1 gallon per minute = 0.06 L/s, 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.8947 kPa, 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 gallon = 3.785 L
Notes: 1 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Showerheads. For multiple showerheads serving one shower compartment see Section L
402.6.1. 2 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilet or Specification for Flushometer-Valve Water Closets. 3 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense Flushing Urinal Specification. Nonwater urinals shall comply with specifications listed in Section L 402.3.1. 4 See Section L 402.4. 5 Shall be listed to EPA WaterSense High-Efficiency Lavatory Faucet Specification.
Frequently asked questions
Where are lavatory flow‑rate limits found?
Lavatory flow limits are set in the lavatory section (see §407.2) and in the water‑conservation Appendix L (Table L402.1), which lists maximum flow rates for public and residential lavatory faucets .
How do I know how many water closets or lavatories a project needs?
Required fixture counts are determined by occupancy and are listed in Table 422.1 (minimum plumbing fixtures and fittings by occupancy); use that table together with the fixture definitions in the fixture chapter to size fixtures for a building .
Are there special rules for restaurant or laboratory sinks and other specialty fixtures?
Yes — the CPC treats special‑use sinks and specialties separately (see §406.1–§406.3). These sections require approval for unusual fixtures, specify acceptable materials and construction, and require submission to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for atypical installations .
More in California Plumbing Code
- Administration
- Definitions
- General Regulations
- Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings
- Water Heaters
- Water Supply and Distribution
- Sanitary Drainage (Drain, Waste, and Vent)
- Indirect Wastes
- Vents
- Traps and Interceptors
- Storm Drainage
- Fuel Gas Piping
- Health Care Facilities — Medical Gas and Medical Vacuum Systems
- Alternate Water Sources and Nonpotable Rainwater Catchment Systems
Ask about the CPC
Get cited, plain-English answers on the California Plumbing Code for your project — any code section, any scenario.
Start Free Trial