CPC · California Plumbing Code

Duties and powers of the AHJ / code official

Q: Who is the “code official” and can I rely on their interpretation?

The code official is the appointed enforcement official for the jurisdiction; they have authority to interpret the code and adopt procedures but cannot waive explicit code requirements. See § 104.2 .

Q: If the code official asks for a technical report, who pays?

The code requires the technical opinion and report to be provided without charge to the jurisdiction — meaning the jurisdiction should not be billed for producing that report. See § 104.2.1.1 .

The code official (AHJ) decides whether plumbing work complies, can require free technical reports or tests, may approve alternatives if they meet six equivalency criteria, and must document approvals — but cannot waive explicit code requirements.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The code official has the authority to determine compliance, interpret the code, and adopt policies and procedures to clarify application of the code — but may not waive requirements that the code itself prescribes. See § 104.2 for the controlling language.

The single most important rule: the code official decides whether something complies, can require technical evidence, and may approve alternatives — but cannot use interpretations to waive express code requirements.

NOTE: The uploaded California Plumbing Code (CPC) materials available to me do not contain (or do not include a complete reproduction of) the text for § 104.3.1 in full. Where CPC text for a specific sub‑item is not available in the uploaded files I state that plainly below and point to the nearest authoritative California code language that is present in the upload set.

Requirements in detail

Core authorities (plain points)

Authority to determine compliance, render interpretations, and adopt policies/procedures to clarify code application — § 104.2.
Authority to require a technical opinion and report from the owner/owner’s agent when needed to determine compliance; the report must be provided without charge to the jurisdiction. See § 104.2.1 / § 104.2.1.1.
Authority to require tests as evidence of compliance and to approve test procedures where no recognized standard exists — § 104.2.1.4.
Authority to approve or reject alternative materials, designs or methods when they are shown to be at least equivalent to the code requirements — § 104.2.2 and equivalency criteria in § 104.2.2.4 (quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety other than fire, and fire safety).
Authority to receive applications, review documents, issue permits and inspect permitted work — § 104.3 (general applications and permits language is present in the uploads).

Decision-relevant dimensions (table)

Decision dimension	Practical meaning / values to check	Code reference
Who decides compliance	Code official (authority to interpret and adopt procedures)	§ 104.2
Interpretations allowed?	Yes — but must comply with code intent and cannot waive explicit code requirements	§ 104.2
Required evidence	Written technical opinion and report; tests where evidence insufficient	§ 104.2.1, § 104.2.1.4
Cost for technical reports	Provided without charge to the jurisdiction	§ 104.2.1.1
Who may prepare reports	Qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or other acceptable specialty organization; code official may require registered design professional stamp	§ 104.2.1.2
Alternative materials approval	Must be shown not less than equivalent per six equivalency criteria (quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety (non‑fire), fire safety)	§ 104.2.2, § 104.2.2.4
Application process for alternatives	Submit in writing; if denied, code official must respond in writing with reasons	§ 104.2.2.2
Modifications / variances	Code official may grant individual modifications if strict compliance is impractical and intent is met; special rules apply in flood hazard areas	§ 104.2.4 and § 104.2.4.1
Records / retention	Official records of approvals and inspections must be kept (various § 104.7 items in the uploaded codes)	§ 104.7 series

Procedural powers to compel information or access

Right to require technical reports and evidence (see § 104.2.1).
Right of entry for inspection where necessary or when the code official has reasonable cause; if entry is refused, legal remedies or inspection warrants are available — § 104.4 (present in the uploaded California codes).
Duty to issue notices and orders to secure compliance (see the notices provisions and Section 113 referenced in the uploads).

Exceptions & special cases

Alternative materials/designs: the code allows alternatives, but they must be approved in writing and meet the equivalency criteria in § 104.2.2.4. The code official may require peer review or additional reports.
Flood hazard areas: modifications and the determination whether a proposed change is a substantial improvement are specifically addressed in related sections (modifications in flood areas and the building‑code language on determining substantial improvement) — see § 104.2.4.1 and related § 104.3.1 in the Building Code text uploaded. Note: the CPC file set I have does not include a full, explicit CPC text for § 104.3.1; the Building Code language (which is present) shows the kind of flood‑area rule jurisdictions use — consult the official CPC for the plumbing‑specific adoption, and local enforcing agency for how the plumbing official applies flood rules.

Common mistakes

Treating the code official’s interpretations as a waiver. The official can interpret and adopt procedures but cannot waive explicit code requirements. See § 104.2.
Assuming a technical report will cost the jurisdiction. The code says the report must be provided without charge to the jurisdiction. See § 104.2.1.1.
Submitting technical evidence from an unqualified preparer. The code official may require the report to be prepared by a qualified engineer or registered design professional and to be stamped where required. See § 104.2.1.2.
Using an alternative without written approval; approval must be in writing and denial must state reasons. See § 104.2.2.2.

Worked example — concrete scenario applying the rule with numbers

Scenario: A plumbing contractor asks to use an alternative plastic stack material instead of the copper specified by the code. The owner submits an application.

What the code official can require and the steps (grounded to the code):

Require a written application for the alternative and supporting documentation — § 104.2.2.2. The application must be in writing.
Require a technical opinion and report prepared by a qualified engineer or acceptable specialist, bearing a registered professional’s stamp if the code official requires it. The jurisdiction must receive the report without charge. (If the owner’s engineer charges the owner, that’s fine — but the owner cannot shift a fee to the jurisdiction.) See § 104.2.1.2 and § 104.2.1.1.
The report must demonstrate the alternative is not less than the equivalent of the code-prescribed material with respect to the six criteria: quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety (other than fire), and fire safety. The code official will compare those six items (1–6) when judging equivalency per § 104.2.2.4.
If the evidence is insufficient, the code official may require tests as evidence of compliance. Tests must follow specified test standards or an approved procedure; the official may require the owner to perform them via an acceptable testing party. See § 104.2.1.4.
If approved, the decision is recorded and retained in official records; if denied, the code official must respond in writing stating reasons per § 104.2.2.2 and record the decision per the official‑records requirements.

Numbers in the example: use a six‑point equivalency test (1–6 above) and remember the report must be provided without charge to the jurisdiction (zero cost to the AHJ) per § 104.2.1.1.

Related provisions

§ 104.2 — Determination of compliance, interpretations, and adoption of policies/procedures.
§ 104.2.1 — Technical assistance; authority to require technical opinion and report.
§ 104.2.1.1 — Costs: report must be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
§ 104.2.1.2 — Preparer qualifications; registered design professional stamping authority.
§ 104.2.1.4 — Tests as evidence of compliance; approval of test procedures.
§ 104.2.2 and § 104.2.2.4 — Alternative materials, methods, and equivalency criteria.
§ 104.2.4 and § 104.2.4.1 — Modifications and flood‑hazard special rules.
§ 104.3 — Applications and permits (general duties to receive, review, issue permits and inspect).
Note on § 104.3.1: The uploaded CPC material set indicates § 104.3.1 is a listed/identified item in the CPC adoption matrix, but I do not have the full CPC text for § 104.3.1 in the uploaded files. The Building Code text for § 104.3.1 (present in the uploaded Building Code file) addresses flood‑area determinations for substantial improvements; consult the official CPC (and local enforcement agency) for the plumbing‑specific (CPC) adoption and application of that subsection.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Plumbing Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CPC § 104.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person in possession or control of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon and fuel management to identify and propose necessary recommendations.

[A] 104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.

[A] 104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections 104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.

[A] 104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to the code official for approval. Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official shall respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved.

[A] 104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall, for the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code with respect to all of the following, as applicable:
1. Quality.
2. Strength.
3. Effectiveness.
4. Durability.
5. Safety, other than fire safety.
6. Fire safety.
CPC § 102.7 High relevance — show source text
[A] 102.7 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.

[A] 102.8 Existing conditions. The legal occupancy or use of any structure or condition existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as is specifically covered in this code or the California Fire Code, California Building Code, California Existing Building Code or the California Residential Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.

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ADMINISTRATION

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY

[A] 103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.

[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.

[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the code official.

SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person in possession or control of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon and fuel management to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
CPC § 102.4 High relevance — show source text
[A] 102.4 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference and as further regulated in Sections 102.4.1 and 102.4.2.

Exception: Where enforcement of a code provision would violate the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance, the conditions of the listing shall govern.

[A] 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur between provisions of this code and referenced codes and standards, the provisions of this code shall apply.

[A] 102.4.2 Conflicting provisions. Where the extent of the reference to a referenced code or standard includes subject matter that is within the scope of this code, the provisions of this code, as applicable, shall take precedence over the provisions in the referenced code or standard.

[A] 102.5 Partial invalidity. In the event that any part or provision of this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions.

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY

[A] 103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created, and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.

[A] 103.2 Appointment. The code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.

[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the code official.

SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF CODE OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 General. The code official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of this code’s provisions. Such interpretations, policies, and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the code official.

[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
CPC § 1-12 Medium relevance — show source text
1.9 Division of the State Architect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

1.10 Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

1.12 State Librarian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

1.13 Department of Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

1.14 California State Lands Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

DIVISION II – SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

104 Duties and Powers of Code Official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . 1-28

108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

109 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

110 Certificate of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

112 Means of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
CPC § 104.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 104.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The building official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the building official.

[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the building official is authorized to determine compliance with this code, to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.2.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or specialty organization acceptable to the building official. The building official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.2.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon to identify and propose necessary recommendations.

[A] 104.2.2.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, the building official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the building official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the building official.

[A] 104.2.3 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.

Exception: Performance-based alternative materials, designs or methods of construction and equipment complying with the International Code Council Performance Code . This exception shall not apply to alternative structural materials or to alternative structural designs. [DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] The International Code Council Performance Code is not permitted by DSA.

[DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC & OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] Alternative system shall satisfy ASCE 7 Section 1.3, unless more restrictive require- ments are established by this code for an equivalent system.

[DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC] Alternative systems shall also satisfy the California Administrative Code, Section 4-304.
CPC § 1-4 Medium relevance — show source text
1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.12 Board of Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official . . . . . . . . . 1-17

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21

108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21

109 Inspection and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

110 Certificate of Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

112 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

113 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

CHAPTER 3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS . . . . 3-3
CPC § 104.3.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 104.3.2 Preliminary meeting. When requested by the permit applicant or the code official, the code official shall meet with the permit applicant prior to the application for a construction permit to discuss plans for the proposed work or change of occupancy in order to establish the specific applicability of the provisions of this code.

Exception: Repairs and Level 1 alterations.

[A] 104.3.3 Building evaluation. The code official is authorized to require an existing building to be investigated and evaluated by a registered design professional based on the circumstances agreed on at the preliminary meeting. The design professional shall notify the code official if any potential noncompliance with the provisions of this code is identified.

[A] 104.4 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the code official has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in a structure or on any premises a condition that is contrary to or in violation of this code that makes the structure or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the code official is authorized to enter the structure or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed by this code. If such structure or premises is occupied, the code official shall present credentials to the occupant and request entry. If such structure or premises is unoccupied, the code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or other person having charge or control of the structure or premises and request entry. If entry is refused, the code official shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to secure entry.

[A] 104.4.1 Warrant. Where the code official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner, the owner’s authorized agent, occupant or person having charge, care or control of the structure or premises shall not fail or neglect, after a proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the code official for the purposes of inspection and examination pursuant to this code.

[A] 104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures or premises in the performance of duties under this code.

[A] 104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this code. Notices of violations shall be in accordance with Section 113.

[A] 104.7 Official records. The code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.7.1 through 104.7.5. Such official records shall be retained for not less than 5 years or for as long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by other regulations.

[A] 104.7.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the code official and shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws.

[A] 104.7.2 Inspections. The code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each.

[A] 104.7.3 Code alternatives and modifications. Application for alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment in accordance with Section 104.2.3; modifications in accordance with Section 104.2.4; and documentation of the final decision of the code official for either shall be in writing and shall be retained in the official records.
CPC § 1-3 Medium relevance — show source text
Appendix G Voluntary Home-Hardening Recommendations.

Appendix G is an informational appendix that provides discussion of some elements of the proposed self-defense mechanisms and their role in enhancing the protection of exposed structures in the wildland-urban interface. The items provided in this appendix provide owners with suggestions for increasing the survivability of their structure. These items are not mandatory but can be considered by owners to increase the safety of structures.

Appendix H Referenced California Documents.

Appendix H contains portions of California statutes and regulations located in other documents. They are reprinted in Appendix H to aid the user in understanding the requirements applicable to wildland-urban interface areas and to provide a background for the provi- sions. Much of the text in the CWUIC is based on the requirements found in these other documents.

Appendix I Board of Appeals.

Appendix I contains the provisions for appeal and the establishment of a board of appeals. The provisions include the application for an appeal, the makeup of the board of appeals and the conduct of the appeal process.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

1.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.12 Board of Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official . . . . . . . . . 1-17

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21
CPC § 1-22 Medium relevance — show source text
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

104 Duties and Powers of Code Official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . 1-28

108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

109 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

110 Certificate of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

112 Means of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30

113 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

114 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

115 Unsafe Structures and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

116 Emergency Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

117 Demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

201 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

202 General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

CHAPTER 3 PROVISIONS FOR ALL COMPLIANCE

METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

301 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
CPC § 1-24 Medium relevance — show source text
102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

Part 2—Administration and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

104 Duties and Powers of Building Official. . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

106 Floor and Roof Design Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

107 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

108 Temporary Structures, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

109 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

110 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

111 Certificate of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

112 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

113 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

114 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

115 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

201 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE . . . . .3-1

301 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

302 Occupancy Classification and Use Designation . . . . 3-3
CPC § 8.10 Medium relevance — show source text
1.8.10 Other Building Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

1.9 Division of the State Architect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

1.10 Department of Health Care Access and Information/Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

1.12 State Librarian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

1.13 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

1.14 California State Lands Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

DIVISION II – SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

Part 1—Scope and Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

Part 2—Administration and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24

104 Duties and Powers of Building Official. . . . . . . . . . . 1-25

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

106 Floor and Roof Design Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

107 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

108 Temporary Structures, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

109 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

110 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31

111 Certificate of Occupancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33

CPC § 701A.1 Medium relevance — show source text

1_|Title|Y||||||||| |101.2|Scope|Y||701A.1|4901.1|||||| |101.2.1|Appendices|N||||||||| |101.3|Purpose|N||701A.2|4901.2|||||| |101.3.1|Application|Y||701A.3||||||| |101.3.1.1|Application date and
where required|Y||701A.3.1||||||| |101.4|Retroactivity|N||||||||| |101.5|Additions or
alterations|N||||||||| |101.6|Maintenance|Y||||||||| |102|Applicability|Y||||||||| |102.1|General|Y||||||||| |102.2|Other laws|Y||||||||| |102.3|Application of
references|N||||||||| |102.4|Referenced codes
and standards|N||||||||| |102.4.1|Conflicts|N||||||||| |102.4.2|Provisions in
referenced codes and
standards|N||||||||| |102.5|Subjects not
regulated by this code|N|||102.8|||||| |102.6|Matters not provided
for|Y|||102.9|||||| |102.7|Partial invalidity|N||||||||| |102.8|Existing conditions|N||||||||| |103|Code compliance
agency|N||||||||| |103.1|Creation of agency|N||||||||| |103.2|Appointment|N||||||||| |103.3|Deputies|N||||||||| |104|Duties and powers of
the code official|N||||||||| |104.1|Powers and duties of
the code official|N||||||||| |104.2|Determination of
compliance|N||||||||| |104.2.1|Technical assistance|N||||||||| |104.2.1.1|Cost|N|||||||||

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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

2025 CWUIC—continued	Col2	Adopted Yes/No	IWUIC Section	CBC Section	CFC Section	Title 14, Division 1.5 Section	Title 19, Division 1 Section	Gov Code Section	PRC Section	HSC Section
Section	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title	Title
Chapter 1	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration	_Division II—_Scope and Administration
104.2.1.

CPC § 1-5 Medium relevance — show source text
1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

DIVISION II— SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

Part 1—General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

101 Scope and General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Part 2—Administration and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 104 Duties and Powers of the Fire Code Official . . . . . . . 1-14

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

107 Temporary Structures, Uses, Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26

109 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

110 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27

111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

112 Means of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 113 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

114 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 115 Unsafe Structures or Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
CPC § 1-3 Medium relevance — show source text
Community-level fire hazard data is not always readily available in a centralized location and not in a_ standard format. This framework enables communities’ leaders to collect their WUI fire hazard data in an immediately accessible for- mat. This framework also allows the community WUI fire hazard area data to be an inclusive picture. Part of the data assembled in the framework layout will help first responders during an incident. This data may enhance situational awareness, facilitate ingress and egress routes, and increase structure survivability through targeted fire responder actions. The framework allows decision makers the ability to access WUI fire hazard risks across multiple communities when implemented in this standardized method. For example, a comparison can be made between a community of 5,000 residents to a community with 20,000 residents. They will be able to compare their overall fire hazard as well as the relative fire hazard. The information from the standardized framework may be used to assist with making the design and prioritizing resources at the community, county and state level. These resources may include funding for fuel treatment around communities in designated very high fire hazard severity zones. The proposed framework has the benefit of enabling communities, county and state to use a methodized approach to assess hazards, offer property solutions and inform first responders before and during incidents.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

DIVISION I—CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

DIVISION II— SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13

Part 1—General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

101 Scope and General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13 102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Part 2—Administration and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14 104 Duties and Powers of the Fire Code Official . . . . . . . 1-14

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17

106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
CPC § 5.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] I101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.

[A] I101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.

2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX I-3

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APPENDIX I—BOARD OF APPEALS

[A] I101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.

[A] I101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.

[A] I101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.

[A] I101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.

[A] I101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.

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Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7

Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1

Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures

Defined 202

Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5

Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2

Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104

Building 202 Building Official 202

Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4

Temporary occupancy 111.3

Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106

Amended 106.10
CPC § 11.0 Medium relevance — show source text
11.0 - 1.11.11_|||X|||||||||||||||||||||| |1.13.0||||||||||||||||||||X||||| |Division II - Scope and
Administration||||||||||||||||||||||||| |101.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |102.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |103.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |104.2 Items 1 & 2||||X|X|||||||||||||||||||| |104.3.1||||||||||X|X|X||X|X|||||||||| |104.4.3.1|X|||||||||||||||||||||||| |105.0||||||||||X|X|X||X|X||||||||||

This state agency does not adopt sections identified with the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.0.

2 2025 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE

), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION

DIVISION I

CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

1.1.0 General.

1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Califor- nia Plumbing Code, may be cited as such and will be referred to herein as “this code.” The California Plumbing Code is Part 5 of thirteen parts of the official compilation and publi- cation of the adoption, amendment, and repeal of plumbing regulations to the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by adoption the 2024 Uniform Plumb- ing Code of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials with necessary California amendments.

1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation, and energy con- servation; safety to life and property from fire and other haz- ards attributed to the built environment; and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.

1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replace- ment, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, main- tenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures throughout the State of California.
CPC § 603.2 Medium relevance — show source text
603.2 Application. All new plantings of vegetation in State Responsibility Area (SRA) and Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) designated as a Fire Hazard Severity Zone shall comply with Sections 603.3 through 603.4.2.1.

603.3 Landscape plans. Landscape plans shall be provided when required by the code official. The landscape plan shall include devel- opment and maintenance requirements for the vegetation management zone adjacent to structures and roadways, and provide significant fire hazard reduction benefits for public and firefighting safety.

603.3.1 Contents. Landscape plans shall contain the following: 1. Delineation of the 30-foot (9144 mm) and 100-foot (30 480 mm) fuel management zones from all structures. 2. Identification of existing vegetation to remain and proposed new vegetation. 3. Identification of irrigated areas. 4. A plant legend with both botanical and common names, and identification of all plant material symbols. 5. Identification of ground coverings within the 30-foot (9144 mm) zone.

603.4 Vegetation. All new vegetation shall be fire-smart vegetation in accordance with this section.

Exception: Trees classified as nonfire-smart vegetation complying with Section 603.4.2.1.

To be considered fire-smart vegetation, vegetation must meet at least one of the following: 1. Be identified as fire-smart vegetation in an approved book, journal or listing from an approved organization. 2. Be identified as fire-smart vegetation by a licensed landscape architect with supporting justification. 3. Plants considered fire-smart vegetation and approved by the local enforcing agency.

603.4.1 Shrubs. All new plantings of shrubs shall comply with the following: 1. Shrubs shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height. 2. Groupings of shrubs are limited to a maximum aggregate diameter of 10 feet (3048 mm). 3. Shrub groupings shall be separated from other groupings a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm). 4. Shrub groupings shall be separated from structures a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm). 5. Where shrubs are located below or within a tree’s drip line, the lowest tree branch shall be a minimum of three times the height of the understory shrubs or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.

603.4.2 Trees. Trees shall be managed as follows within the 30-foot zone (9144 mm) of a structure: 1. New trees shall be planted and maintained so that the tree’s drip line at maturity is a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from any combustible structure. 2. The horizontal distance between crowns of new trees and crowns of adjacent trees shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 mm). 3. Existing trees shall be trimmed to provide a minimum separation of 10 feet (3048 mm) away from chimney and stovepipe outlets per California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1299.03.
CPC § 909.12.4 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 909.12.4 Automatic control. Where completely automatic control is required or used, the automatic-control sequences shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned automatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.1.1, manual controls provided with ready access for the fire department and any smoke detectors required by engineering analysis.

[F] 909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall be of sufficient size to meet the required response times. Tubing shall be flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall be adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be sleeved and protected from abrasion and electrolytic action.

[F] 909.13.1 Materials. Control-air tubing shall be hard-drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B42, ASTM B43, ASTM B68/B68M, ASTM B88, ASTM B251 and ASTM B280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, solder type in accordance with ASME B16.18 or ASME B16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed using a BCuP-5 brazing alloy with solidus above 1,100°F (593°C) and liquids below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.

Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control panels and at the final connection to devices provided that all of the following conditions are met:
1. Tubing shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 6 of the California Mechanical Code .
2. Tubing and connected devices shall be completely enclosed within a galvanized or paint-grade steel enclosure having a minimum thickness of 0.0296 inch (0.7534 mm) (No. 22 gage). Entry to the enclosure shall be by copper tubing with a protective grommet of neoprene or Teflon or by suitable brass compression to male barbed adapter.
3. Tubing shall be identified by appropriately documented coding.
4. Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within the enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinets and doors or moveable devices shall be of sufficient length to avoid tension and excessive stress. Tubing shall be protected against abrasion. Tubing connected to devices on doors shall be fastened along hinges.
[F] 909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated by automatic isolation valves or shall be an independent system.

[F] 909.13.3 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three times the operating pressure for not less than 30 minutes without any noticeable loss in gauge pressure prior to final connection to devices.

[F] 909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and control systems shall be clearly marked at all junctions, accesses and terminations.

[F] 909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams showing all devices in the system and identifying their location and function shall be maintained current and kept on file with the fire code official, the fire department and in the fire command center in a format and manner approved by the fire code official.
CPC § 104.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF CODE OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 General. The code official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of this code’s provisions. Such interpretations, policies, and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the code official.

[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.2.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.2.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon to identify and propose necessary recommendations.

[A] 104.2.2.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.

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ADMINISTRATION

[A] 104.2.3 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction, and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative is not specifically prohibited by this code and has been approved.

Exception: Performance-based alternative materials, designs or methods of construction and equipment complying with the ICC Performance Code. This exception shall not apply to alternative structural materials or to alternative structural designs.

[A] 104.2.3.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections 104.2.3.2 through 104.2.3.7, as applicable.
CPC § 104.2.3.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 104.2.3.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.3.6.1 shall describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.3.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code official.

[A] 104.2.4 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases, provided that the code official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, and that the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lessen health, accessibility, life and fire safety, or structural requirements. The details of the written request for and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of the department of building safety.

[A] 104.2.4.1 Flood hazard areas. For existing buildings located in flood hazard areas for which repairs, alterations and additions constitute substantial improvement, the code official shall not grant modifications to provisions related to flood resistance unless a determination is made that:
1. The applicant has presented good and sufficient cause that the unique characteristics of the size, configuration or topography of the site render compliance with the flood-resistant construction provisions inappropriate.
2. Failure to grant the modification would result in exceptional hardship.
3. The granting of the modification will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense; create nuisances; cause fraud on or victimization of the public; or conflict with existing laws or ordinances.
4. The modification is the minimum necessary to afford relief, considering the flood hazard.
5. A written notice will be provided to the applicant specifying, if applicable, the difference between the design flood elevation and the elevation to which the building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood insurance will be
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 1-23

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ADMINISTRATION

commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation and that construction below the design flood elevation increases risks to life and property.

[A] 104.3 Applications and permits. The code official shall receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
CPC § 104.2.3.7 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 104.2.3.7 Peer review. The building official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the building official.

[OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] When peer review is required for new or existing buildings, it shall be performed in accordance with Section 1617A.1.41.

104.2.3.8 Earthquake monitoring instruments. [OSHPD 1 & 4] The enforcement agency shall be permitted to require earth- quake monitoring instruments for any building that receives approval of an alternative system for the Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS). There shall be a sufficient number of instruments to characterize the response of the building during an earth- quake and shall include at least one tri-axial free field instrument or equivalent. A proposal for instrumentation and equipment specifications shall be forwarded to the enforcement agency for review and approval.

The instruments shall be interconnected for common start and common timing. Each instrument shall be located so that access is maintained at all times and is unobstructed by room contents. A sign stating “MAINTAIN CLEAR ACCESS TO THIS INSTRU- MENT” shall be posted in a conspicuous location.

The Owner of the building shall be responsible for the implementation of the instrumentation program. Maintenance and service of the instruments shall be in accordance with Section L101.3 of this code.

[A] 104.2.4 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the building official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases, provided that the building official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, and that the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lessen health, accessibility, life and fire safety or structural requirements. The details of the written request for and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of the department of building safety.

[A] 104.2.4.1 Flood hazard areas. The building official shall not grant modifications to any provision required in flood hazard areas as established by Section 1612.3 unless a determination has been made that:
1. A showing of good and sufficient cause that the unique characteristics of the size, configuration or topography of the site render the elevation standards of Section 1612 inappropriate.
2. A determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional hardship by rendering the lot undevelopable.
3. A determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense; cause fraud on or victimization of the public; or conflict with existing laws or ordinances.
4. A determination that the variance is the minimum necessary to afford relief, considering the flood hazard.
5. Submission to the applicant of written notice specifying the difference between the design flood elevation and the elevation to which the building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation, and stating that construction below the design flood elevation increases risks to life and property.
[A] 104.3 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
CPC § 102.6.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 102.6.2 Buildings previously occupied. The legal occupancy of any building existing on the date of adoption of this code shall be permitted to continue without change, except as otherwise specifically provided in this code, the California Fire Code or California Existing Building Code, or as is deemed necessary by the building official for the general safety and welfare of the occupants and the public.

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY

[A] 103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the building official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.

[A] 103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.

[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the building official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy building official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the building official.

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SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF BUILDING OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The building official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the building official.

[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the building official is authorized to determine compliance with this code, to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.2.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or specialty organization acceptable to the building official. The building official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
CPC § 403.2 Medium relevance — show source text
APPENDIX I-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7

Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1

Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures

Defined 202

Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5

Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2

Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104

Building 202 Building Official 202

Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4

Temporary occupancy 111.3

Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106

Amended 106.10

Examination of 106.9 Information on plans and specifications 106.2 Phased 106.12

Previous approval 106.11 Retention of 106.8 Site plan 106.3 Vegetation management plans 106.4 Control of Storage Appendix A, A105 Critical Fire Weather 202

Dead-end Road 202 Defensible Space 403, 601.3 Vegetation Plan 603 Definitions 202 Designation of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.1

Director 202 Driveway 202 Dumping Appendix A, A106 Dwelling 202

Exterior Covering 202

INDEX

Fees 109 Findings of Fact Appendix E Fire Chief 202 Fire Danger Rating System Appendix D Fire Flow Calculation Area Application 404.5 Defined 202 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 1.1.2, 202, 302.1, 302.2, Appendix D, Appendix H Fire Protection Plans 602

Fire Weather 202

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 501.3 Fire-Resistive Vegetation Appendix F Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber or

Wood 503.2, 504.5, 504.7, 504.11 Flame Spread Index 202 Flashing 504.2.1, 504.5.1 Fuel Break 202, 609 Fuel Models Appendix D Fuel Modification 202

Fuel Modification Distance 603.2

Fuel Mosaic 202 Fuel-Loading 202

General Requirements Appendix A Green Belt 202

Greenways 202
CPC § 103.1 Medium relevance — show source text
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY

[A] 103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the fire code official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.

[A] 103.2 Appointment. The fire code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.

[A] 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the fire code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy fire code official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the fire code official.

SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE FIRE CODE OFFICIAL

[A] 104.1 General. The fire code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The fire code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
1. Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
2. Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
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DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the fire code official.

[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the fire code official is authorized to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.

[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.

[A] 104.2.2.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the fire code official. The fire code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

[A] 104.2.2.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
CPC § 104.2.4.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 104.2.4.1 Flood hazard areas. The building official shall not grant modifications to any provision required in flood hazard areas as established by Section 1612.3 unless a determination has been made that:
1. A showing of good and sufficient cause that the unique characteristics of the size, configuration or topography of the site render the elevation standards of Section 1612 inappropriate.
2. A determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional hardship by rendering the lot undevelopable.
3. A determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense; cause fraud on or victimization of the public; or conflict with existing laws or ordinances.
4. A determination that the variance is the minimum necessary to afford relief, considering the flood hazard.
5. Submission to the applicant of written notice specifying the difference between the design flood elevation and the elevation to which the building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation, and stating that construction below the design flood elevation increases risks to life and property.
[A] 104.3 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.

[A] 104.3.1 Determination of substantially improved or substantially damaged existing buildings and structures in flood hazard areas. For applications for reconstruction, rehabilitation, repair, alteration, addition or other improvement of existing buildings or structures located in flood hazard areas, the building official shall determine if the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage. Where the building official determines that the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage, and where required by this code, the building official shall require the building to meet the requirements of Section 1612, or Section R306 of the California Residential Code, as applicable.

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[A] 104.4 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the building official has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in a structure or on a premises a condition that is contrary to or in violation of this code that makes the structure or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the building official is authorized to enter the structure or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed by this code. If such structure or premises is occupied, the building official shall present credentials to the occupant and request entry. If such structure or premises is unoccupied, the building official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or other person having charge or control of the structure or premises and request entry. If entry is refused, the building official shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to secure entry.

[A] 104.4.1 Warrant. Where the building official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner, the owner’s authorized agent, occupant or person having charge, care or control of the structure or premises shall not fail or neglect, after a proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the building official for the purposes of inspection and examination pursuant to this code.
CPC § 2.2.5 Medium relevance — show source text
R104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict performance of the end use configuration. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the building official.

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DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

R104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting documentation, where necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with Sections R104.2.2.6.1 and R104.2.2.6.2.

R104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an approved agency and use of the evaluation report shall require approval by the building official for the installation. The alternate material, design or method of construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the building official’s recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation shall be identified within the report and, where required, provided to the building official.

R104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section R104.2.2.6.1 shall describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or specialty organization acceptable to the building official. The building official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.

R104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the building official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases, provided the building official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, and the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety or structural requirements. The details of the written request for and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the files of the department of building safety.

R104.2.3.1 Flood hazard areas. The building official shall not grant modifications to any provisions required in flood hazard areas as established by Table R301.2 unless a determination has been made that:
1. There is good and sufficient cause showing that the unique characteristics of the size, configuration or topography of the site render the elevation standards of Section R306 inappropriate.
2. Failure to grant the modification would result in exceptional hardship by rendering the lot undevelopable.
3. The granting of modification will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense; cause fraud on or victimization of the public; or conflict with existing laws or ordinances.
4. The modification is the minimum necessary to afford relief, considering the flood hazard.
5. Written notice specifying the difference between the design flood elevation and the elevation to which the building is to be built, stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation and stating that construction below the design flood elevation increases risks to life and property, has been submitted to the applicant.
R104.3 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.

Frequently asked questions

Who is the “code official” and can I rely on their interpretation?

The code official is the appointed enforcement official for the jurisdiction; they have authority to interpret the code and adopt procedures but cannot waive explicit code requirements. See § 104.2.

If the code official asks for a technical report, who pays?

The code requires the technical opinion and report to be provided without charge to the jurisdiction — meaning the jurisdiction should not be billed for producing that report. See § 104.2.1.1.

Can I use an alternative material without approval if I believe it’s equivalent?

No — alternatives must be approved in writing by the code official and shown to be at least equivalent under the equivalency criteria in § 104.2.2.4. If denied, the code official must explain the reasons in writing.

What happens if the owner refuses entry for inspection?

If entry is refused, the code official may seek an inspection warrant or other legal remedies to secure entry as provided by law; see the right‑of‑entry and warrant language in § 104.4 and § 104.4.1.

Is there a special rule for flood‑hazard work or “substantial improvement”?

Yes — modifications in flood hazard areas and the determination whether proposed work is a substantial improvement carry special procedures. The Building Code versions of these rules are present in the uploads (see the Building Code’s § 104.3.1 and § 104.2.4.1); consult the official CPC text and your local enforcing agency for CPC‑specific application.

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