underfunded single employer defined benefit plans
Section 7. Special Rules.
Publication 6165 — Defined Benefit Listing of Required Modifications and Information Package (LRM) · 2026-10-03 edition · updated 2026-10-04 · United States
(a) Rules of Operation for Periods Prior to and After Certification of Plan’s Adjusted Funding Target Attainment Percentage.
(i) In general, Code § IRC 436(h) and Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(h) set forth a series of
presumptions that apply (1) before the plan’s enrolled actuary issues a certification of the
plan’s adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan year and (2) if the plan’s
enrolled actuary does not issue a certification of the plan’s adjusted funding target
attainment percentage for the plan year before the first day of the 10th month of the plan
year (or if the plan’s enrolled actuary issues a range certification for the plan year pursuant
to Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(h)(4)(ii) but does not issue a certification of the specific adjusted
funding target attainment percentage for the plan by the last day of the plan year). For any
period during which a presumption under Code § IRC 436(h) and Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(h)
applies to the plan, the limitations under Sections 1 through 3 are applied to the plan as if
the adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan year were the presumed
adjusted funding target attainment percentage determined under the rules of Code § IRC
436(h) and Treas. Reg. §§ 1.436-1(h)(1), (2), or (3). These presumptions are set forth in
Sections 7(a)(ii) through (iv).
(ii) Presumption of Continued Underfunding Beginning First Day of Plan Year. If a limitation
under Sections 1 through 3 applied to the plan on the last day of the preceding plan year, then, commencing on the first day of the current plan year and continuing until the plan’s enrolled actuary issues a certification of the adjusted funding target attainment percentage
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for the plan for the current plan year, or, if earlier, the date Section 7(a)(iii) or Section 7(a) (iv) applies to the plan:
(1) The adjusted funding target attainment percentage of the plan for the current plan year is presumed to be the adjusted funding target attainment percentage in effect on the last day of the preceding plan year; and
(2) The first day of the current plan year is a Code § IRC 436 measurement date.
(iii) Presumption of Underfunding Beginning First Day of 4th Month. If the plan’s enrolled
actuary has not issued a certification of the adjusted funding target attainment percentage
for the plan year before the first day of the 4th month of the plan year and the plan’s
adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the preceding plan year was either at
least 60% but less than 70% or at least 80% but less than 90%, or is described in Treas.
Reg. § 1.436-1(h)(2)(ii), then, commencing on the first day of the 4th month of the current
plan year and continuing until the plan’s enrolled actuary issues a certification of the
adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan for the current plan year, or, if
earlier, the date Section 7(a)(iv) applies to the plan:
(1) The adjusted funding target attainment percentage of the plan for the current plan year is presumed to be the plan’s adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the preceding plan year reduced by 10 percentage points; and
(2) The first day of the 4th month of the current plan year is a Code § an IRC 436
measurement date.
(iv) Presumption of Underfunding on and After First Day of 10th Month. If the plan’s enrolled
actuary has not issued a certification of the adjusted funding target attainment percentage
for the plan year before the first day of the 10th month of the plan year (or if the plan’s
enrolled actuary has issued a range certification for the plan year pursuant to Treas. Reg. §
1.436-1(h)(4)(ii) but has not issued a certification of the specific adjusted funding target
attainment percentage for the plan by the last day of the plan year), then, commencing on
the first day of the 10th month of the current plan year and continuing through the end of
the plan year:
(1) The adjusted funding target attainment percentage of the plan for the current plan year is presumed to be less than 60%; and
(2) The first day of the 10th month of the current plan year is a Code § an IRC 436
measurement date.
(b) New Plans, Plan Termination, Certain Frozen Plans, and Other Special Rules.
(i) First 5 Plan Years. The limitations in Section 1(b), Section 2(b), and Section 2(c) do not
apply to a new plan for the first 5 plan years of the plan, determined under the rules of
Code § IRC 436(i) and Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(a)(3)(i).
(ii) Plan Termination. The limitations on prohibited payments in Section 1(a), Section 2(a),
and Section 3 do not apply to prohibited payments that are made to carry out the termination of the plan in accordance with applicable law. Any other limitations under this section of the plan do not cease to apply as a result of termination of the plan.
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(iii) Exception to Limitations on Prohibited Payments Under Certain Frozen Plans. The
limitations on prohibited payments set forth in Sections 1(a), 2(a), and 3 do not apply for a plan year if the terms of the plan, as in effect for the period beginning on September 1, 2005, and continuing through the end of the plan year, provide for no benefit accruals with respect to any participants. This Section 7(b)(iii) shall cease to apply as of the date any benefits accrue under the plan or the date on which a plan amendment that increases benefits takes effect.
(iv) Special Rules Relating to Unpredictable Contingent Event Benefits and Plan Amendments
Increasing Benefit Liability. During any period in which none of the presumptions under
Section 7(a) apply to the plan and the plan’s enrolled actuary has not yet issued a
certification of the plan’s adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan year,
the limitations under Section 1(b) and Section 2(b) shall be based on the inclusive
presumed adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan, calculated in
accordance with the rules of Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(g)(2)(iii).
(c) Interpretation of Provisions. The limitations imposed by this section of the plan shall be
interpreted and administered in accordance with Code § IRC 436 and Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1.
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