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underfunded single employer defined benefit plans

Section 1. Limitations Applicable If the Plan’s Adjusted Funding Target Attainment

Publication 6165 — Defined Benefit Listing of Required Modifications and Information Package (LRM) · 2026-10-03 edition · updated 2026-10-04 · United States

Percentage Is Less Than 80%, But Not Less Than 60%. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the plan, if the plan’s adjusted funding target attainment percentage for a plan year is less than 80% (or would be less than 80% to the extent described in Section 1(b) below) but is not less than 60%, then the limitations set forth in this Section 1 apply.

(a) 50% Limitation on Single Sum Payments, Other Accelerated Forms of Distribution, and Other Prohibited Payments. A participant or beneficiary is not permitted to elect, and the plan shall not pay, a single sum payment or other optional form of benefit that includes a prohibited payment with an annuity starting date on or after the applicable §I RC 436 measurement date, and the plan shall not make any payment for the purchase of an irrevocable commitment from an insurer to pay benefits or any other payment or transfer that is a prohibited payment, unless the present value of the portion of the benefit that is being paid in a prohibited payment does not exceed the lesser of:

(i) 50% of the present value of the benefit payable in the optional form of benefit that includes the prohibited payment; or

(ii) 100% of the PBGC maximum benefit guarantee amount (as defined in Treas.

Reg. § 1.4361(d)(3)(iii)(C)).

The limitation set forth in this Section 1(a) does not apply to any payment of a benefit which under Code §I RC 411(a)(11) may be immediately distributed without the consent of the participant. If an optional form of benefit that is otherwise available under the terms of the plan is not available to a participant or beneficiary as of the annuity starting date because of the application of the requirements of this Section 1(a), the participant or beneficiary is permitted to elect to bifurcate the benefit into unrestricted and restricted portions (as described in Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(d)(3)(iii)(D)). The participant or beneficiary may also elect any other optional form of benefit otherwise available under the plan at that annuity starting date that would satisfy the 50%/PBGC maximum benefit guarantee amount limitation described in this Section 1(a), or may elect to defer the benefit in accordance with any general right to defer commencement of

308 | Defined Benefit Plan LRM Package 08/2020 06/2026

benefits under the plan.

If elected by the employer in the adoption agreement, during a period when this Section 1(a) applies to the plan, participants and beneficiaries are permitted to elect payment in any optional form of benefit otherwise available under the plan that provides for the current payment of the unrestricted portion of the benefit (as described in Treas. Reg. § 1.436-1(d)(3)(iii)(D)), with a delayed commencement for the restricted portion of the benefit (subject to other applicable qualification requirements, such as Code §§ IRC 411(a)(11) and IRC 401(a)(9)).

(b) Plan Amendments Increasing Liability for Benefits. No amendment to the plan that has the effect of increasing liabilities of the plan by reason of increases in benefits, establishment of new benefits, changing the rate of benefit accrual, or changing the rate at which benefits become nonforfeitable shall take effect in a plan year if the adjusted funding target attainment percentage for the plan year is:

(i) Less than 80%; or

(ii) 80% or more, but would be less than 80% if the benefits attributable to the

amendment were taken into account in determining the adjusted funding target attainment percentage.

The limitation set forth in this Section 1(b) does not apply to any amendment to the plan that provides a benefit increase under a plan formula that is not based on compensation, provided that the rate of such increase does not exceed the contemporaneous rate of increase in the average wages of participants covered by the amendment.

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▸Contents — Publication 6165 — Defined Benefit Listing of Required Modifications and Information Package (LRM)

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