Section 2104A — California Building Code (Title 24, Part 2)

CONSTRUCTION

2104 A .1 Masonry construction. Masonry construction shall comply with the requirements of Sections 2104 A .1.1 through 2104 A .1.3 and with the requirements of either TMS 602 or TMS 604. Architectural cast stone construction shall be con- sidered as an alternative system.

266 2019 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

100735044

2104 A .1.1 Support on wood. Masonry shall not be supported on wood girders or other forms of wood construction except as permitted in Section 2304 A .12.

2104 A .1.2 Molded cornices. Unless structural support and anchorage are provided to resist the overturning moment, the center of gravity of projecting masonry or molded cornices shall lie within the middle one-third of the supporting wall. Terra cotta and metal cornices shall be provided with a structural frame of approved noncombustible material anchored in an approved manner.

2104A.1.3 Grouted masonry.

2104A.1.3.1 General conditions. Grouted masonry shall be constructed in such a manner that all elements of the masonry act together as a structural element. At the time of laying, all masonry units shall be free of dust and dirt. Prior to grouting, the grout space shall be clean so that all spaces to be filled with grout do not contain mortar projections greater than ¹ /4 inch (6.4 mm), mortar droppings and other foreign material. Grout shall be placed so that all spaces to be grouted do not contain voids.

Grout materials and water content shall be con- trolled to provide adequate fluidity for placement with- out segregation of the constituents, and shall be mixed thoroughly. Segregation of the grout materials and damage to the masonry shall be avoided during the grouting process.

Reinforcement and embedded items shall be clean, properly positioned and securely anchored against movement prior to grouting. Bolts shall be accurately set with templates or by approved equivalent means and held in place to prevent dislocation during grout- ing. Reinforcement, embedded items and bolts shall be solidly embedded in grout. Anchor bolts in the face shells of hollow masonry units shall be positioned to maintain a minimum of ¹ /2 inch of grout between the bolt and the face shell.

The grouting of any section of wall shall be com- pleted in one day with no interruptions greater than one hour.

Grout pours greater than 12 inches (300 mm) in height shall be consolidated by mechanical vibration during placement to fill the grout space before loss of plasticity, and reconsolidated by mechanical vibration to minimize voids due to water loss. Grout pours less than 12 inches in height may be puddled.

Between grout pours, or where grouting has been stopped more than an hour, a horizontal construction joint shall be formed by stopping all wythes at the same elevation and with the grout stopping a minimum of 1 ¹ /2 inches (38 mm) below a mortar joint, except at the top of the wall. Where bond beams occur, the grout pour shall be stopped a minimum of ¹ /2 inch (12.7 mm) below the top of the masonry.

Grout shall not be handled nor pumped utilizing alu- minum equipment unless it can be demonstrated with the

MASONRY

materials and equipment to be used that there will be no deleterious effect on the strength of the grout.

2104A.1.3.1.1 Reinforced grouted multi-wythe masonry.

2104A.1.3.1.1.1 General. Reinforced grouted masonry is that form of construction made with clay or shale brick or made with solid concrete building brick in which interior joints of masonry are filled by pouring grout around reinforcement therein as the work progresses.

2104A.1.3.1.1.1.1 Low-lift grouted construc- tion. Requirements for construction shall be as follows:

1. All units in the two outer wythes shall be laid with full-shoved head joint and bed mortar joints. Masonry headers shall not project into the grout space.

2. The minimum clear width of grout space for low-lift grout masonry shall be 2 ¹ /2 inches (64 mm). Clear width is defined in TMS 602, Table 6, footnote 3. All reinforcement and wire ties shall be embedded in the grout. The thickness of the grout between masonry units and reinforcment shall be a minimum of one bar diameter.

3. One tier of a grouted reinforced masonry wall may be carried up 12 inches (305 mm) before grouting, but the other tier shall be laid up and grouted in lifts not to exceed one masonry unit in height. All grout shall be puddled with a mechanical vibrator or wood stick immediately after placing so as to completely fill all voids and to consolidate the grout. All vertical and horizontal steel shall be held firmly in place by a frame or suitable devices.

4. Toothing of masonry walls is prohibited. Racking is to be held to a minimum.

2104A.1.3.1.1.1.2 High-lift grouted construc- tion. Where high-lift grouting is used, the method shall be subject to the approval of the enforcement agency. Requirements for con- struction shall be as follows:

1. All units in the two wythes shall be laid with full head and bed mortar joints.

2. The two wythes shall be bonded together with wall ties. Ties shall not be less than No. 9 (W1.7) wire in the form of rectangles 4 inches (102 mm) wide and 2 inches (51 mm) in length less than the overall wall thickness. Kinks, water drips, or deformations shall not be permitted in the ties. One tier of the wall shall be built up not more than 16 inches

100735044

MASONRY

(406 mm) ahead of the other tier. Ties shall be laid not to exceed 24 inches (610 mm) on center horizontally and 16 inches (406 mm) on center vertically for running bond, and not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center horizontally and 12 inches (305 mm) on center vertically for stack bond.

3. Cleanouts shall be provided for each pour by leaving out every other unit in the bottom tier of the section being poured or by cleanout openings in the foundation. The foundation or other horizontal construction joints shall be cleaned of all loose material and mortar droppings before each pour. The cleanouts shall be sealed after inspection and before grouting.

4. The clear width of grout space in high- lift grouted masonry shall be a minimum of 3 ¹ /2 inches (89 mm). Clear width is defined in TMS 602, Table 6, footnote 3. All reinforcement and wire ties shall be embedded in the grout. The thickness of the grout between masonry units and reinforcement shall be a minimum of one bar diameter. 5. Vertical grout barriers or dams of solid masonry shall be built across the grout space the entire height of the wall to control the flow of the grout horizontally. Grout barriers shall be spaced not more than 30 feet (9144 mm) apart.

6. An approved admixture of a type that reduces early water loss and produces an expansive action shall be used in high-lift grout.

7. Grouting shall be done in a continuous pour in lifts not exceeding 4 feet (1219 mm). Grout shall be consolidated by mechanical vibration only, and shall be reconsolidated after excess moisture has been absorbed, but before plasticity is lost. The grouting of any section of a wall between control barriers shall be completed in one day, with no interruptions greater than one hour.

2104A.1.3.1.2 Reinforced hollow-unit masonry.

2104A.1.3.1.2.1 General. Reinforced hollow-unit masonry is that type of construction made with hollow-masonry units in which cells are continu- ously filled with grout, and in which reinforce- ment is embedded. All cells shall be solidly filled with grout in reinforced hollow-unit masonry

[OSHPD 1 & 4] and shall be constructed using single or double open-end units, except single open-end units shall be used at wall intersec- tions, corners and similar conditions.

Exception: Reinforced hollow-unit masonry laid in running bond used for freestanding site walls or interior nonbearing non-shear wall partitions may be grouted only in cells con- taining vertical and horizontal reinforcement.

Construction shall be one of the two following methods: The low-lift method per Section 2104A.1.3.1.2.2, or the high-lift method per Sec- tion 2104A.1.3.1.2.3. General requirements for construction shall be as follows:

1. Bond shall be provided by lapping units in successive vertical courses. Where stack bond is used in reinforced hollow-unit masonry, the open-end type of unit shall be used with vertical reinforcement spaced a maximum of 16 inches (406 mm) on center.

2. Vertical cells to be filled shall have vertical alignment sufficient to maintain a clear grout space dimension of not less than 2 inches by 3 inches (51 mm by 76 mm), except the minimum cell dimension for high-lift grout shall be 3 inches (76 mm), as determined in accordance with TMS 602 Table 6, footnote 3.

3. Grout shall be a workable mix suitable for placing without segregation and shall be thoroughly mixed. Grout shall be placed by pumping or an approved alternate method and shall be placed before initial set or hardening occurs. Grout shall be consoli- dated by mechanical vibration during plac- ing and reconsolidated after excess moisture has been absorbed, but before workability is lost.

4. All reinforcement and wire ties shall be embedded in the grout. The space between masonry unit surfaces and reinforcement shall be a minimum of one bar diameter.

5. Horizontal reinforcement shall be placed in bond beam units with a minimum grout cover of 1 inch (25 mm) above steel for each grout pour. The depth of the bond beam channel below the top of the unit shall be a minimum of 1 ¹ /2 inches (38 mm) and the width shall be 3 inches (76 mm) minimum.

2104A.1.3.1.2.2 Low-lift grouted construction. Units shall be laid a maximum of 4 feet (1220 mm) before grouting. Grouting shall follow each 4 feet (1220 mm) of construction laid and shall be

268 2019 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

100735044

MASONRY

specified compressive strength prior to the start of con- struction shall be obtained by using the prism test method in Sections 2105A.3 and 2105A.5.