CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code

How does the code define fuel modification and its maintenance requirements?

In plain terms: the CWUIC says fuel modification isn’t a one‑time clearing — it only counts if you keep the cleared area maintained continuously. If you’re in an SRA or a Fire Hazard Severity Zone and you’re planting or redesigning landscaping, you must map 30‑ and 100‑foot fuel zones, follow the shrub/tree spacing and planting rules, and include a maintenance plan and legally binding owner responsibilities in the Fire Protection / Vegetation plans so the treatment is sustained over time (see **§ B101.3** and **§ 603.2**) .

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

The California Wildland‑Urban Interface Code defines fuel modification as a continuous program of clearing and vegetation control — it is not a one‑time cut — and that ongoing maintenance is essential for the treatment to qualify as a fuel modification (§ B101.3) . All new plantings in State Responsibility Areas (SRA) and Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) that are in a mapped Fire Hazard Severity Zone must comply with the Vegetation Plan rules, which require landscape/fuel‑management zone mapping and planting/maintenance specifications (§ 603.2) . The Vegetation Plan and Fire Protection Plan templates require maps, plant lists, irrigated vs non‑irrigated zones and legally binding maintenance responsibility statements so that the clearance is continuously maintained (see § 603.3.1 and § 602.3.2) .

Fuel modification, per the CWUIC, means maintaining cleared/managed vegetation continuously (not a one‑time clearing) and implementing the mapping, planting and maintenance details required in the Vegetation and Fire Protection Plans (see § B101.3 and § 603.2) .

Requirements in detail

Definition / core rule

  • Fuel modification: To be considered a fuel modification for the CWUIC, continuous maintenance of the clearance is required — this is the defining test for whether a vegetation treatment counts as fuel modification (§ B101.3) .

Where the Vegetation Plan applies

  • Applicability: “All new plantings of vegetation in State Responsibility Area (SRA) and Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) designated as a Fire Hazard Severity Zone” must follow the Vegetation Plan rules in § 603.2 .
  • The Fire Protection Plan requirements (preliminary and final) require identification of fuel‑modification zones on project maps and a maintenance method for those zones (§ 602.3.1 / § 602.3.2) .

What must be in the plan (and therefore used to enforce maintenance)

  • Maps showing the 30‑foot and 100‑foot fuel management zones around structures, plant legends (botanical + common names), irrigated vs non‑irrigated areas, and identification of access points for maintenance (§ 603.3.1) .
  • The final fire protection plan must include legally binding statements assigning community/property‑owner maintenance responsibilities and covenants describing owner duties to maintain fuel modification zones (§ 602.3.2) .

Vegetation sizing, spacing and placement rules (decision‑relevant numeric thresholds)

  • Shrubs: maximum 6 ft height; groupings limited to 10 ft aggregate diameter; groupings separated by 15 ft; groupings separated from structures by 30 ft (§ 603.4.1) .
  • Trees within the 30‑foot zone: maintain the tree drip line at maturity at least 10 ft from any combustible structure; 10 ft horizontal crown separation between trees; trim trees to keep branches away from chimneys/stovepipes per referenced regs (§ 603.4.2) .
  • Non‑fire‑smart trees (conifers, palms, eucalyptus, pepper trees): may be allowed only if planted so the drip line at maturity is 30 ft from a building, or planted 10 ft from the building but then well pruned and maintained so they do not rapidly transmit fire or embers (§ 603.4.2.1) .

Decision‑relevant dimensions and references

Decision dimension Required value / rule Code Reference
Fuel modification — core test Continuous maintenance of the clearance (not one‑time) § B101.3
Applicability (new plantings) All new plantings in SRA/LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones § 603.2
Fuel‑management zones to map 30‑foot and 100‑foot zones from structures § 603.3.1
Shrub limits Max 6 ft height; group diameter 10 ft; group separation 15 ft; group to structure 30 ft § 603.4.1
Tree spacing (30‑ft zone) Drip line at maturity 10 ft from combustible structure; crown separation 10 ft § 603.4.2
Plan content that documents maintenance Plant lists, irrigated/non‑irrigated zones, map of fuel zones, access points for maintenance, legally binding maintenance statements § 603.3.1; § 602.3.2
Defensible space & state law tie‑in Apply PRC 4291 defensible‑space requirements where applicable Cited in maintenance/defensible space sections (see § 604.1)

Maintenance obligations and enforcement links

  • The requirement that fuel modification be continuously maintained is enforced by the Vegetation Plan / Fire Protection Plan process (plans are reviewed and approved before construction and include maintenance commitments) and by the Maintenance of Defensible Space provisions that tie into PRC 4291 (§ 602.3.2, § 603.3.1, § 604.1–604.3) .
  • CWUIC requires that hazardous vegetation be managed in accordance with cited state statutes and regulations; those laws are named explicitly as the standard for maintenance (§ 604.3) .

Exceptions & special cases

  • Non‑fire‑smart species: New non‑fire‑smart trees are permitted only if planted to meet the more stringent spacing or maintained/pruned to prevent rapid fire transmission (§ 603.4.2.1) .
  • Fuel modification beyond the property line: State law/local ordinance may require greater distances or work beyond property lines, but fuel modification on adjacent property can only be done with written consent of the adjacent owner and must comply with applicable law (see PRC excerpt re: defensible space included in code materials) .
  • Appendix / local adoption: Appendix B (Vegetation Management Plan) is not mandatory unless adopted by the jurisdiction’s ordinance; when adopted it supplies the criteria in § B101.2 and § B101.3 for when a treatment counts as fuel modification .

Common mistakes

  • Treating a one‑time clearing as a compliant fuel modification — the code requires continuous maintenance for something to qualify as fuel modification (§ B101.3) .
  • Omitting maintenance obligations from the Vegetation or Fire Protection Plan: the plan must show how the fuel‑reduction measures will be maintained and include legally binding maintenance statements (§ B101.2, § 602.3.2) .
  • Planting non‑fire‑smart species inside the mapped 30‑foot zone or failing to meet shrub grouping/spacing limits in § 603.4 — those numeric limits are enforceable for new plantings (§ 603.4.1, § 603.4.2) .
  • Not mapping the 30‑ft and 100‑ft fuel management zones on plans — § 603.3.1 requires delineation of those zones on landscape plans .

Worked example — applying the rule with numbers

Scenario: single‑family house in a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone with a new front yard landscape.

  1. The project must submit a Vegetation/Landscape Plan that delineates the 30‑ft and 100‑ft fuel management zones from the house foundation and identifies existing and proposed plants (§ 603.3.1) .
  2. Shrub rules: any proposed shrub in the 30‑ft zone must be ≤ 6 ft at maturity; if the homeowner groups shrubs, each grouping max 10 ft diameter and groupings must be ≥ 15 ft apart; groupings must be 30 ft from the house if they are aggregate clusters that would otherwise violate the separation rules (§ 603.4.1) .
  3. Tree rules: new trees planted inside the 30‑ft zone must be located so the mature drip line is ≥ 10 ft from the house, and crowns must be 10 ft from adjacent tree crowns (§ 603.4.2) .
  4. The homeowner (or HOA) must include a maintenance program and legally binding owner responsibilities in the final Fire Protection Plan or deed covenants so the clearing is continuously maintained — otherwise the treatment will not qualify as fuel modification (§ B101.3, § 602.3.2) .
  5. Ongoing: hazardous vegetation must be managed consistent with the Maintenance of Defensible Space rules and state law (PRC 4291), which the code references as the maintenance standard (§ 604.1–604.3) .

Related provisions

  • § B101.2 — Vegetation management plan content (shows maintenance plan requirement)
  • § B101.3 — Fuel modification defined (continuous maintenance required)
  • § 602.3.2 — Final fire protection plan content and legally binding maintenance statements
  • § 603.2 — Application: new plantings in SRA/LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones required to comply with 603.3–603.4.2.1
  • § 603.3.1 — Landscape plan contents: delineate 30‑ft and 100‑ft fuel management zones, plant legend, irrigated areas, groundcover in 30‑ft zone
  • § 603.4.1, § 603.4.2, § 603.4.2.1 — Shrub and tree sizing/spacing and treatment of non‑fire‑smart vegetation for new plantings
  • § 604.1–604.3 — Maintenance of Defensible Space; ties maintenance obligations to PRC 4291 and other state regs
  • PRC 4291 (reprinted in the CWUIC materials) — defensible space distances, ember‑resistant zone guidance and property‑line limitations for fuel modification beyond the parcel (see Appendix/Referenced materials)

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CWUIC § 4291 High relevance — show source text

    4291.

    (a) A person who owns, leases, controls, operates, or maintains a building or structure in, upon, or adjoining a mountainous area, forest-covered lands, shrub-covered lands, grass-covered lands, or land that is covered with flammable material, shall at all times do all of the following: (1) (A) Maintain defensible space of 100 feet from each side and from the front and rear of the structure, but not beyond the property line, except as provided in subparagraph (B). The amount of fuel modification necessary shall consider the flammability of the structure as affected by building material, building standards, location, and type of vegetation. Fuels shall be maintained and spaced in a condition so that a wildfire burning under average weather conditions would be unlikely to ignite the structure. This subparagraph does not apply to single specimens of trees or other vege- tation that are well-pruned and maintained so as to effectively manage fuels and not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from other nearby vegetation to a structure or from a structure to other nearby vegetation or to interrupt the advance of embers toward a structure. The intensity of fuels management may vary within the 100-foot perimeter of the structure, with more intense fuel reductions being utilized between 5 and 30 feet around the struc- ture, and an ember-resistant zone being required within 5 feet of the structure, based on regulations promulgated by the board, in consultation with the department, to consider the elimination of materials in the ember-resistant zone that would likely be ignited by embers. Consistent with fuels management objectives, steps should be taken to mini- mize erosion, soil disturbance, and the spread of flammable nonnative grasses and weeds. For purposes of this subparagraph, “fuel” means any combustible material, including petroleum-based products, cultivated landscape plants, grasses, and weeds, and wildland vegetation. (B) A greater distance than that required under subparagraph (A) may be required by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation. Fuel modification beyond the property line may only be required by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation in order to maintain 100 feet of defensible space from a structure. Fuel modification on adjacent property shall only be conducted following written consent by the adjacent landowner. Any local ordinance related to fuel modification shall be in compliance with all applicable state laws, regulations, and policies. Any local ordinance may include provisions to allocate costs for any fuel modification beyond the property line.

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    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    (C) An insurance company that insures an occupied dwelling or occupied structure may require a greater distance than that required under subparagraph (A) if a fire expert, designated by the director, provides findings that the fuel modi- fication is necessary to significantly reduce the risk of transmission of flame or heat sufficient to ignite the structure, and there is no other feasible mitigation measure possible to reduce the risk of ignition or spread of wildfire to the structure. The greater distance may not be beyond the property line unless allowed by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation. (2) Remove that portion of a tree that extends within 10 feet of the outlet of a chimney or stovepipe. (3) _Maintain a tree, shrub,

  • California Wildland-Urban Interface Code High relevance — show source text

    (a) A person who owns, leases, controls, operates, or maintains an occupied dwelling or occupied structure in, upon, or adjoining a mountainous area, forest-covered land, shrub-covered land, grass-covered land, or land that is covered with flammable mate- rial, which area or land is within a very high fire hazard severity zone designated by the local agency pursuant to Section 51179, shall at all times do all of the following: (1) (A) Maintain defensible space of 100 feet from each side and from the front and rear of the structure, but not beyond the property line except as provided in subparagraph (B). The amount of fuel modification necessary shall consider the flammability of the structure as affected by building material, building standards, location, and type of vegetation. Fuels shall be maintained and spaced in a condition so that a wildfire burning under average weather conditions would be unlikely to ignite the structure. This subparagraph does not apply to single specimens of trees or other vege- tation that are well-pruned and maintained so as to effectively manage fuels and not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from other nearby vegetation to a structure or from a structure to other nearby vegetation or to interrupt the advance of embers toward a structure. The intensity of fuels management may vary within the 100-foot perimeter of the structure, with more intense fuel reductions being used between 5 and 30 feet around the structure, and an ember-resistant zone being required within 5 feet of the structure, based on regulations promulgated by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal, to consider the elimination of materials in the ember-resistant zone that would likely be ignited by embers. Consistent with fuels management objectives, steps should be taken to minimize erosion, soil disturbance, and the spread of flammable nonnative grasses and weeds. (B) A greater distance than that required under subparagraph (A) may be required by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation. Fuel modification beyond the property line may only be required by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation in order to maintain 100 feet of defensible space from a structure. Fuel modification on adjacent property shall only be conducted following written consent by the adjacent landowner. Any local ordinance related to fuel modification shall be in compliance with all applicable state laws, regulations, and policies. Any local ordinance may include provisions to allocate costs for any fuel modification beyond the property line. (C) An insurance company that insures an occupied dwelling or occupied structure may require a greater distance than that required under subparagraph (A) if a fire expert, designated by the fire chief or fire official from the authority having jurisdiction, provides findings that the fuel modification is necessary to significantly reduce the risk of trans- mission of flame or heat sufficient to ignite the structure, and there is no other feasible mitigation measure possible to reduce the risk of ignition or spread of wildfire to the structure. The greater distance may not be beyond the property line unless allowed by state law, local ordinance, rule, or regulation. (2) Remove that portion of a tree that extends within 10 feet of the outlet of a chimney or stovepipe. (3) Maintain a tree, shrub, or other plant adjacent to or overhanging a building free of dead or dying wood. (4) _Maintain the roof of a structure free of leaves, needles, or other vegetative materials.

  • CWUIC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

    The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.

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    APPENDIX B-2 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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    B VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix B, while not part of the code, can become part of the code when specifically included in the adopting ordinance. Its purpose is to provide criteria for submitting vegetation management plans, specifying their content and establishing a criterion for considering vegetation management as being a fuel modification.

    SECTION B101—GENERAL

    B101.1 Scope. Vegetation management plans shall be submitted to the code official for review and approval as part of the plans required for a permit.

    B101.2 Plan content. Vegetation management plans shall describe all actions that will be taken to prevent a fire from being carried toward or away from the building. A vegetation management plan shall include the following information:

    1. A copy of the site plan.
    2. Methods and timetables for controlling, changing or modifying areas on the property. Elements of the plan shall include removal of slash, snags, vegetation that may grow into overhead electrical lines, other ground fuels, ladder fuels and dead trees, and the thinning of live trees.
    3. A plan for maintaining the proposed fuel-reduction measures.

    B101.3 Fuel modification. To be considered a fuel modification for purposes of this code, continuous maintenance of the clearance is required.

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    CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE APPENDIX C – COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

  • CWUIC § B101 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION B101—GENERAL

    B101.1 Scope. Vegetation management plans shall be submitted to the code official for review and approval as part of the plans required for a permit.

    B101.2 Plan content. Vegetation management plans shall describe all actions that will be taken to prevent a fire from being carried toward or away from the building. A vegetation management plan shall include the following information:

    1. A copy of the site plan.
    2. Methods and timetables for controlling, changing or modifying areas on the property. Elements of the plan shall include removal of slash, snags, vegetation that may grow into overhead electrical lines, other ground fuels, ladder fuels and dead trees, and the thinning of live trees.
    3. A plan for maintaining the proposed fuel-reduction measures.

    B101.3 Fuel modification. To be considered a fuel modification for purposes of this code, continuous maintenance of the clearance is required.

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    CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE APPENDIX C – COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    (Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG    		 T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section
  • CWUIC § 503.5.11.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    A + B - ( E/M ) ≥ 50% (Equation E 503.5.11.3)

    Where:

    A = Percentage that the exhaust and makeup airflow rates are capable of being reduced from design conditions.

    B = Sensible energy recovery ratio.

    E = Exhaust airflow rate through the heat recovery device at design conditions.

    M = Makeup airflow rate of the system at design conditions.

    (2) VAV laboratory exhaust and room supply systems that are required to have minimum circulation rates to be in accordance with the codes or

    accreditation standards shall be capable of and configured to reduce zone exhaust and makeup airflow rates to the regulated minimum circulation values, or the minimum required to maintain pressurization relationship requirements. Systems serving nonregulated zones shall be capable of and configured to reduce exhaust and makeup airflow rates to 50 percent of the zone design values, or the minimum required to maintain pressurization relationship requirements.

    (3) Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply of 75 percent or more of the exhaust airflow rate, heated not more than 2°F (1°C) below room setpoint, cooled to not less than 3°F (2°C) above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling are used for dehumidification control. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.7.3]

    E 503.5.12 Radiant Heating Systems. Radiant heating systems shall be in accordance with Section E 503.5.12.1 through Section E 503.5.12.2.

    E 503.5.12.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. Radiant heating shall be used when heating is required for unenclosed spaces.

    Exception: Loading docks equipped with air curtains. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.5.8.1]

    446 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE

    ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

    APPENDIX E

    to permit a determination of compliance by the building official and to indicate compliance with the requirements of this appendix. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.1] E 503.6.2 Supplemental Information. Supplemental information necessary to verify compliance with this appendix, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, vendor literature, or other data, shall be made available where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.2]

    E 503.6.3 Manuals. Operating and maintenance information shall be provided to the building owner. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information specified in Section E 503.6.3.1, Section E 503.6.3.2, and Section E 503.6.5.2. [ASHRAE 90.1:4.2.2.3]

    E 503.6.3.1 Required Information. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner. The manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following:

    (1) Submittal data stating equipment rating and selected options for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.

    (2) Operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance. Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified.

    (3) Names and addresses of not less than one qualified service agency.

  • CWUIC § 4.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    4|Combustible
    materials|N||||||||| |A105.4.1|Individual piles|N||||||||| |A105.4.2|Separation|N||||||||| |A106|Dumping|N||||||||| |A106.1|Waste material|N||||||||| |A106.2|Ashes and coals|N||||||||| |A107|Protection of pumps
    and water storage
    facilities|N||||||||| |A107.1|General|N||||||||| |A107.2|Objective|N||||||||| |A107.3|Fuel modification
    area|N||||||||| |A107.4|Trees|N||||||||| |A107.5|Protection of electri-
    cal power supplies|N||||||||| |A108|Land use limitations|N||||||||| |A108.1|General|N||||||||| |A108.2|Objective|N||||||||| |A108.3|Permits|N||||||||| |A108.4|Access roadways|N||||||||| |A109|Referenced standards|N||||||||| |A109.1|General|N|||||||||

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    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Appendix B Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan Vegetation management plan
    B101 General N
    B101.1 Scope N
    B101.2 Plan content N
    B101.3 Fuel modification N
    Appendix C Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework **_Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
  • CWUIC § 5.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    5.1|Gates, doors, barriers
    and locks|N||||||||| |A104|Ignition source
    control|N||||||||| |A104.1|General|N||||||||| |A104.2|Objective|N||||||||| |A104.3|Clearance from igni-
    tion sources|N||||||||| |A104.4|Smoking|N||||||||| |A104.5|Equipment and
    devices generating
    heat, sparks or open
    flames|N||||||||| |A104.6|Fireworks|N||||||||| |A104.6.1|Authority to seize|N||||||||| |A104.7|Outdoor fires|N||||||||| |A104.7.1|General|N||||||||| |A104.7.2|Permits|N||||||||| |A104.7.3|Restrictions|N||||||||| |A104.8|Incinerators, outdoor
    fireplaces, perma-
    nent barbecues and
    grills|N||||||||| |A104.8.1|Maintenance|N||||||||| |A104.9|Reckless behavior|N||||||||| |A104.10|Planting vegetation
    under or adjacent to
    energized electrical
    lines|N||||||||| |A105|Control of storage|N||||||||| |A105.1|General|N||||||||| |A105.2|Hazardous materials|N||||||||| |A105.3|Explosives|N||||||||| |A105.4|Combustible
    materials|N||||||||| |A105.4.1|Individual piles|N||||||||| |A105.4.2|Separation|N||||||||| |A106|Dumping|N||||||||| |A106.1|Waste material|N||||||||| |A106.2|Ashes and coals|N||||||||| |A107|Protection of pumps
    and water storage
    facilities|N||||||||| |A107.1|General|N||||||||| |A107.2|Objective|N||||||||| |A107.3|Fuel modification
    area|N||||||||| |A107.4|Trees|N||||||||| |A107.5|Protection of electri-
    cal power supplies|N||||||||| |A108|Land use limitations|N||||||||| |A108.1|General|N||||||||| |A108.2|Objective|N||||||||| |A108.3|Permits|N||||||||| |A108.4|Access roadways|N||||||||| |A109|Referenced standards|N||||||||| |A109.1|General|N|||||||||

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    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    |2025 CWUIC—continued|Col2|Adopted
    Yes/No|IWUIC
    Section|CBC
    Section|CFC
    Section|Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section|Title 19,

  • CWUIC § 2309.3.1.5.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    2309.3.1.5.2 Fire-extinguishing systems. Fuel-dispensing areas under canopies shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The design of the sprinkler system shall be not less than that required for Extra Hazard Group 2 occupancies. Operation of the sprinkler system shall activate the emergency functions of Sections 2309.3.1.5.3 and 2309.3.1.5.4.

    2309.3.1.5.3 Emergency discharge. Operation of the automatic sprinkler system shall activate an automatic emergency discharge system, which will discharge the hydrogen gas from the equipment on the canopy top through the vent pipe system.

    2309.3.1.5.4 Emergency shutdown control. Operation of the automatic sprinkler system shall activate the emergency shutdown control required by Section 2309.5.3.

    2309.3.1.5.5 Signage. Approved signage having 2-inch (51 mm) block letters shall be affixed at approved locations on the exterior of the canopy structure stating: “CANOPY TOP HYDROGEN STORAGE.”

    2309.3.2 Canopies. Dispensing equipment need not be separated from canopies of Type I or II construction that are constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas and in accordance with Section 406.7 of the California Building Code .

    2309.4 Dispensing into motor vehicles at hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing systems, including key, code and card lock dispensing systems, shall be limited to the filling of permanently mounted motor vehicle fuel tanks on hydrogen-powered vehicles.

    In addition to the requirements in Section 2311, the owner of a hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing facility shall provide for the safe operation of the system by complying with this code and the fueling protocols in NFPA 2 and through the institution of a fire safety plan submitted in accordance with Section 404, the training of employees and operators who use and maintain the system in accordance with Section 406, and provisions for hazard communication in accordance with Section 407.

    Exception: Filling of nonpermanently mounted storage containers or tanks for motor fuel-dispensing system testing purposes is permitted.

    2309.4.1 Dispensing systems. Dispensing systems shall be equipped with an overpressure protection device set at not greater than 140 percent of the service pressure of the fueling nozzle it supplies.

    2309.5 Safety precautions. Safety precautions at hydrogen motor fuel-dispensing and generation facilities shall be in accordance with Sections 2309.5.1 through 2309.5.3.1.

    2309.5.1 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect hydrogen storage systems and use areas subject to vehicular damage in accordance with Section 312.

    2309.5.1.1 Vehicle fueling pad. The vehicle shall be fueled on noncoated concrete or other approved paving material having a resistance not exceeding 1 megohm as determined by the methodology specified in EN 1081.

    2309.5.2 Emergency shutoff valves. A manual emergency shutoff valve shall be provided to shut down the flow of gas from the hydrogen supply to the piping system.

    2309.5.2.1 Identification. Manual emergency shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible, have access and be indicated by means of a sign.

  • CWUIC § 4911 Medium relevance — show source text

    1|Scope|N||||||||| |B101.2|Plan content|N||||||||| |B101.3|Fuel modification|N||||||||| |Appendix C|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework|Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework| |C101|Community WUI Fire
    Hazard Evaluation
    Framework|N|||Appendix
    P|||||| |C101.1|Definitions|N||||||||| |C101.2|Community|N||||||||| |C101.3|Fuels|N||||||||| |C101.4|Population|N||||||||| |C101.5|Notification|N||||||||| |C101.6|Evacuation|N||||||||| |C101.7|Infrastructure/
    COOP/COG|N||||||||| |C101.8|Firefighting Response|N||||||||| |Appendix D|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption|Model Ordinance for Fire Hazard Severity Zone Adoption| |D101|Model ordinance|N|||4911|||||| |Appendix E|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED|RESERVED| |Appendix F|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation|Characteristics offire-smart vegetation| |F101|General|Y||||||||| |F101.

  • CWUIC § 403.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    APPENDIX I-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7

    Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1

    Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures

    Defined 202

    Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5

    Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2

    Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104

    Building 202 Building Official 202

    Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4

    Temporary occupancy 111.3

    Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106

    Amended 106.10

    Examination of 106.9 Information on plans and specifications 106.2 Phased 106.12

    Previous approval 106.11 Retention of 106.8 Site plan 106.3 Vegetation management plans 106.4 Control of Storage Appendix A, A105 Critical Fire Weather 202

    Dead-end Road 202 Defensible Space 403, 601.3 Vegetation Plan 603 Definitions 202 Designation of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.1

    Director 202 Driveway 202 Dumping Appendix A, A106 Dwelling 202

    Exterior Covering 202

    INDEX

    Fees 109 Findings of Fact Appendix E Fire Chief 202 Fire Danger Rating System Appendix D Fire Flow Calculation Area Application 404.5 Defined 202 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 1.1.2, 202, 302.1, 302.2, Appendix D, Appendix H Fire Protection Plans 602

    Fire Weather 202

    Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 501.3 Fire-Resistive Vegetation Appendix F Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber or

    Wood 503.2, 504.5, 504.7, 504.11 Flame Spread Index 202 Flashing 504.2.1, 504.5.1 Fuel Break 202, 609 Fuel Models Appendix D Fuel Modification 202

    Fuel Modification Distance 603.2

    Fuel Mosaic 202 Fuel-Loading 202

    General Requirements Appendix A Green Belt 202

    Greenways 202

  • CWUIC § 1.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    1.7_|Turnouts|Y||||1273.06||||| |403.1.8|Road and driveway
    structures|Y||||1273.07(a)
    1273.07(b)
    1273.07(c)
    1273.07(d)||||| |403.1.9|Dead-end roads|Y||||1273.08(a)
    1273.08(b)||||| |403.10|Gate Entrances|Y||||1273.09(a)
    1273.09(b)
    1273.09(c)
    1273.09(d)||||| |403.2|Signing and Building
    Numbering|Y||||Article 3||||| |403.2.1|Intent|Y||||1274.00||||| |403.2.2|Road signs|Y||||1274.01||||| |403.2.3|Road Sign
    Installation, Location
    and Visibility|Y||||1274.02(a)
    1274.02(b)
    1274.02(c)
    1274.02(d)||||| |403.2.4|Addresses for
    Buildings|Y||||1274.03(a)
    1274.03(b)
    1274.03(c)||||| ||||||||||||

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-27

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 4 Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements
    403.2.5 Address installation,
    location, and visibility    		 Y 1274.04(a)
    1274.04(b)
    1274.04(c)
    1274.04(d)
    1274.04(e)
    1274.04(f)
    404 Water supply Y 1275.02
    404.1 General Y 507 1275.02(b)
    404.2 Required water supply Y 1275.02(c)
    404.3 Draft sites Y
    404.3.1 Access Y 507.5.4
    404.3.
  • CWUIC § 601.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    Dead-end Road 202 Defensible Space 403, 601.3 Vegetation Plan 603 Definitions 202 Designation of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.1

    Director 202 Driveway 202 Dumping Appendix A, A106 Dwelling 202

    Exterior Covering 202

    INDEX

    Fees 109 Findings of Fact Appendix E Fire Chief 202 Fire Danger Rating System Appendix D Fire Flow Calculation Area Application 404.5 Defined 202 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 1.1.2, 202, 302.1, 302.2, Appendix D, Appendix H Fire Protection Plans 602

    Fire Weather 202

    Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 501.3 Fire-Resistive Vegetation Appendix F Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber or

    Wood 503.2, 504.5, 504.7, 504.11 Flame Spread Index 202 Flashing 504.2.1, 504.5.1 Fuel Break 202, 609 Fuel Models Appendix D Fuel Modification 202

    Fuel Modification Distance 603.2

    Fuel Mosaic 202 Fuel-Loading 202

    General Requirements Appendix A Green Belt 202

    Greenways 202

    Hammerhead/T 202 Hazardous Land Use 202

    Hazardous Materials 202 Heavy Timber Construction 202

    Ignition Source Control Appendix A, A104 Ignition-Resistant Building Material 202, 503 Ignition-Resistant Construction 504 Appendages 504.7 Detached accessory structures 504.11 Eaves 504.3

    Exterior doors 504.9

    Exterior walls 504.5

    Gutters and downspouts 504.4 Protection of eaves 504.3 Roof covering 504.2 Underfloor protection 504.6 Vents 504.10

    Windows 504.8 Ignition-Resistant Construction and Material 503 Inspection and Enforcement 109 Abatement 109.3.8 Authority to inspect 109.1.2 Citations 109.3.4

    Enforcement 109.2 Placarding 109.3.5.3 Prosecution 109.3.6

    Reinspections 109.1.3 Right of entry 104.4 Testing 109.1.4 Unsafe conditions 109.3.5

    Key Box 403.1

    Land Use Limitations Appendix A, A108 Legal Defense of the Code Official 104.8.1 Liability of the Code Official 104.8

    Log Wall Construction 202 LP-Gas Installations 606

    Maintenance 101.6 Maintenance of Defensible Space 604 Modified area 604.2 Responsibility 604.3 Trees 604.4 Mapping of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.2 Multilayered Glazed Panels 202

    Noncombustible Roof Covering 202

    Outbuilding 202

  • CWUIC § 6-4 Medium relevance — show source text

    structure.

    6-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

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    FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

    SECTION 604—MAINTENANCE OF DEFENSIBLE SPACE

    604.1 General. Hazardous vegetation and fuels shall be managed to reduce the severity of potential exterior wildfire exposure to build- ings and to reduce the risk of fire spreading to buildings as required by applicable laws and regulations.

    Defensible space shall be managed around all buildings and structures in State Responsibility Areas (SRA) as required in Public Resources Code 4291.

    604.2 Application. Buildings and structures located in the following areas shall maintain the required hazardous vegetation and fuel management: 1. All unincorporated lands designated as a State Responsibility Area (SRA). 2. Land designated as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone by a city or local agency. 3. Land designated in a city or local agency ordinance as a wildland-urban interface (WUI) area.

    604.3 Requirements. Hazardous vegetation and fuels around all buildings and structures shall be maintained in accordance with the following laws and regulations: 1. Public Resources Code, Section 4291.

    2. California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 3, Article 3, Section 1299.03. 3. California Government Code, Section 51182.

    4. California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Section 3.07.

    604.4 Outbuildings. Outbuildings shall have a minimum clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm) down to bare mineral soil in all directions. Vege- tation more than 10 feet (3048 mm) but less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from outbuildings shall be fire-smart vegetation.

    604.5 Disposal of flammable vegetation and fuels. The disposal, including burning or removal to a site approved by the local jurisdic- tion in consultation with the fire authority, of flammable vegetation and fuels caused by site, road and driveway construction shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. [CCR T14 §1276.05]

    SECTION 605—SPARK ARRESTORS

    605.1 General. Chimneys serving fireplaces, barbecues, incinerators or decorative heating appliances in which solid or liquid fuel is used shall be provided with a spark arrestor. Spark arrestors shall be constructed of woven or welded wire screening of 12 USA standard gage wire (0.1046 inch) (2.66 mm) having openings not exceeding [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm).

    605.2 Net free area. The net free area of the spark arrestor shall be not less than four times the net free area of the outlet of the chimney.

    SECTION 606—LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS INSTALLATIONS

    606.1 General. The storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LP-gas) and the installation and maintenance of pertinent equipment shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    606.2 Location of containers or tanks. LP-gas containers or tanks shall be located within the defensible space in accordance with the California Fire Code .

  • CWUIC § 603.4.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    603.4.1 Shrubs. All new plantings of shrubs shall comply with the following: 1. Shrubs shall not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height. 2. Groupings of shrubs are limited to a maximum aggregate diameter of 10 feet (3048 mm). 3. Shrub groupings shall be separated from other groupings a minimum of 15 feet (4572 mm). 4. Shrub groupings shall be separated from structures a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm). 5. Where shrubs are located below or within a tree’s drip line, the lowest tree branch shall be a minimum of three times the height of the understory shrubs or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichever is greater.

    603.4.2 Trees. Trees shall be managed as follows within the 30-foot zone (9144 mm) of a structure: 1. New trees shall be planted and maintained so that the tree’s drip line at maturity is a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from any combustible structure. 2. The horizontal distance between crowns of new trees and crowns of adjacent trees shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 mm). 3. Existing trees shall be trimmed to provide a minimum separation of 10 feet (3048 mm) away from chimney and stovepipe outlets per California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1299.03.

    603.4.2.1 Nonfire-smart vegetation. New trees not classified as fire-smart vegetation, such as conifers, palms, pepper trees and eucalyptus species, shall be permitted provided the tree is planted and maintained in accordance with one of the following: 1. The tree is planted so that the tree’s drip line at maturity is a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm) from an applicable building. 2. The tree is planted so that the tree’s drip line at maturity is a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from any combustible struc- ture, and is well pruned and maintained so as not to form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from other nearby vegetation to the structure or from the structure to nearby vegetation or to interrupt the advance of embers toward a

    structure.

    6-4 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

    SECTION 604—MAINTENANCE OF DEFENSIBLE SPACE

    604.1 General. Hazardous vegetation and fuels shall be managed to reduce the severity of potential exterior wildfire exposure to build- ings and to reduce the risk of fire spreading to buildings as required by applicable laws and regulations.

    Defensible space shall be managed around all buildings and structures in State Responsibility Areas (SRA) as required in Public Resources Code 4291.

    604.2 Application. Buildings and structures located in the following areas shall maintain the required hazardous vegetation and fuel management: 1. All unincorporated lands designated as a State Responsibility Area (SRA). 2. Land designated as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone by a city or local agency. 3. Land designated in a city or local agency ordinance as a wildland-urban interface (WUI) area.

  • CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text

    APPENDIX H-30 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 6 Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements
    603.4.1 Shrubs Y 4906.4.1
    603.4.2 Trees Y 4906.4.2 1299.03 3.07(b)(3)
    603.4.2.1 Nonfire-smart
    vegetation    		 Y 4906.4.2.1
    604 Maintenance of
    defensible space    		 Y 4907
    604.1 General Y 4907.1 4291
    604.2 Application Y 4907.2
    604.3 Buildings and
    structures    		 Y 701A.3.1 4907.3
    604.4 Outbuildings Y 1299.03(c)(1)
    604.5 Disposal of flammable
    vegetation and fuels    		 Y 1276.05
    605 Spark arrestors Y 2113.9.2 3.07(b)(6)
    605.1 General Y 2113.9.2 #2
    2113.9.2 #3    		 605.8.2
    605.2 Net free area Y 2113.9.2 #1
    606 Liquefied petroleum
    gas installations    		 Y 6103
    606.1 General Y 6103.2.1
    606.2 Location of contain-
    ers or tanks    		 Y 6104.3
    606.3 Clear area Y 1299.03(c)(1)
    607 Storage of firewood
    and combustible
    materials    		 Y
    607.1 General Y 1299.03(a)(3)
    1299.03(b)(2)(c)
    607.2 Storage for off-site
    use    		 Y 607.2
    608 Building siting and
    setbacks    		 Y 1276.00
    608.1 Intent Y 1276.01
    _608.
  • CWUIC § 504.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    Ignition Source Control Appendix A, A104 Ignition-Resistant Building Material 202, 503 Ignition-Resistant Construction 504 Appendages 504.7 Detached accessory structures 504.11 Eaves 504.3

    Exterior doors 504.9

    Exterior walls 504.5

    Gutters and downspouts 504.4 Protection of eaves 504.3 Roof covering 504.2 Underfloor protection 504.6 Vents 504.10

    Windows 504.8 Ignition-Resistant Construction and Material 503 Inspection and Enforcement 109 Abatement 109.3.8 Authority to inspect 109.1.2 Citations 109.3.4

    Enforcement 109.2 Placarding 109.3.5.3 Prosecution 109.3.6

    Reinspections 109.1.3 Right of entry 104.4 Testing 109.1.4 Unsafe conditions 109.3.5

    Key Box 403.1

    Land Use Limitations Appendix A, A108 Legal Defense of the Code Official 104.8.1 Liability of the Code Official 104.8

    Log Wall Construction 202 LP-Gas Installations 606

    Maintenance 101.6 Maintenance of Defensible Space 604 Modified area 604.2 Responsibility 604.3 Trees 604.4 Mapping of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.2 Multilayered Glazed Panels 202

    Noncombustible Roof Covering 202

    Outbuilding 202

    Peer Review 104.2.2.7, 202 Permits

    Application 105.4 Approval 105.5 Expiration 105.8 Issuance 105.6 Preliminary inspection 105.4.1 Refusal to issue 105.6.1

    Required 105.2 Retention 105.9

    Revocation 105.10 Validity 105.7 Work exempt from permit 105.3 Placarding as Unsafe 109.3.5.3 Powers and Duties of the Code

    Official 104.1

    Practical Difficulties 104.2.3 Protection of Pumps and Water Storage Facilities Appendix A, A107

    Rafter Tail 202 Referenced Standards 102.4, Chapter 7 Registered Design Professional 104.2.1.2, 104.2.2.6.2, 106.1, 202 Residential Unit 202 Retroactivity 101.4 Ridgelline 202 Road 202 Roof Covering 202 Roof Covering System 202 Roof Coverings, Replacement or Repair of 507

    Roof Deck 202

    Scope 101 Self-Defense Mechanism Appendix G Service Utilities 111

    Slope 202 Spark Arrestors 605 Stop Work Order 113 Storage of Firewood and Combustible Materials 607 Strategic Ridgeline 202 Structure 202

    Subdivision 202

  • CWUIC § 5-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 505 Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

    506 Key Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 507 Fire Protection Water Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 508 Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

    509 Fire Protection and Utility Equipment Identification and Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

    510 Emergency Responder Communications Enhancement Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

    CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . .6-3

    601 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

    602 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

    603 Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards . . . . . . . . . 6-3 604 Elevator Operation, Maintenance and Fire Service Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 605 Fuel-Fired Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 606 Commercial Cooking Equipment and Systems . . . . . 6-9 607 Commercial Cooking Oil Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 608 Mechanical Refrigeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 609 Hyperbaric Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 610 Clothes Dryer Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

    CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION

    FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

    701 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

  • CWUIC § 140.4 Medium relevance — show source text

    4(e), or Dual Fuel Heat Pump + Variable Speed Fan +
    Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e).
    NR = No Requirement.|SZHP = Single Zone Heat Pump + Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e).
    SZAC1 = Single Zone Air Conditioner with furnace + Variable Speed Fan, + Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e), or Dual Fuel Heat Pump + Variable Speed Fan +
    Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e).
    NR = No Requirement.|SZHP = Single Zone Heat Pump + Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e).
    SZAC1 = Single Zone Air Conditioner with furnace + Variable Speed Fan, + Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e), or Dual Fuel Heat Pump + Variable Speed Fan +
    Economizer in accordance with Section 140.4(e).
    NR = No Requirement.|

    Air conditioners with furnaces or dual fuel heat pumps complying with Table 141.0-E-1 using variable speed fan and controls shall be designed to vary the indoor fan airflow rate as a function of the load and shall have a minimum of two stages of fan control. The minimum speed at stage 1 shall be set for ventilation only mode and shall be the greater of 50 percent or the minimum fan speed required to meet the minimum ventilation airflow rate. The indoor fan shall draw not more than 30 percent of the fan power at full fan speed when operating at 50 percent speed. Exception to Section 141.0(b)2Cii: Section 141.0(b)2Cii is not applicable if the alteration exceeds the existing main service panel or service transformer capacity. An electrical load calculation shall be submitted by a registered professional engineer in accordance with Article 220 of the California Electrical Code . Exception 1 to Section 141.0(b)2C: Section 140.4(a)2 shall not apply to new or replacement space conditioning systems or components. Section 140.4(a)3 shall not apply to new or replacement space conditioning systems or components. Exception 2 to Section 141.0(b)2C: Subsection (b)2C does not apply to replacement of electric reheat of equivalent or lower capacity electric resistance space heaters, when natural gas is not available. Exception 3 to Section 141.0(b)2C: Section 140.4(n) is not applicable to newly installed or replacement space conditioning systems with existing operable wall or roof openings without interlock controls. Exception 4 to Section 141.0(b)2C : A new or replacement gas hot water boiler system with a total system input of at least 1 MMBtu/h but no more than 10 MMBtu/h need not comply with the requirements of Section 140.4(k)8.

    152 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    NONRESIDENTIAL AND HOTEL/MOTEL OCCUPANCIES— ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS

    Exception 5 to Section 141.0(b)2C: Requirements for the use of ASHRAE Guideline 36 in Sections 140.4(c)2Bii, 140.4(d)2Av, 140.4(e)2D, 140.4(f)3, and 140.4(r) shall not apply to new or replacement components unless the spaceconditioning systems are also new or replacements.

  • CWUIC § 3.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    Caulk or plug gaps greater than_ [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) in siding and replace any damaged boards, including those with dry rot. 8. Install weather stripping to fill gaps greater than [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) between garage doors and door frames to prevent ember intrusion. The weather stripping must be compliant with UL Standard 10C. 9. When it’s time to replace your windows, replace them with multipaned windows that have at least one pane of tempered glass. Choose products that have been approved and labeled as OSFM Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Products. 10. When it’s time to replace your siding or deck, use noncombustible, ignition-resistant, or other OSFM-approved Wildland- Urban Interface (WUI) Products. 11. Cover openings to operable skylights with noncombustible metal mesh screen with openings in the screen not to exceed [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm). 12. Install a minimum 6-inch metal flashing, applied vertically on the exterior of the wall at the deck-to-wall intersection to protect the combustible siding material. 13. Enclose openings beneath decks or cantilevered construction with one of the materials required in Section 504.5. Openings beneath decks which are four feet (1219 mm) or less above grade can be covered with a noncombustible and corrosion- resistant mesh with [1] / 16 -inch (1.6 mm) to [1] / 8 -inch (3.2 mm) openings. 14. Remove or replace combustible fences within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the structure. Detached fences that are located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the structure should be replaced with noncombustible or ignition-resistant building materials.

    G101.3 Defensible space features. The maintenance and defensible space features listed in Section G101.3.1 were developed as a best practices guide to assist homeowners to increase the effectiveness of their defensible space and improve the effects of the home-harden- ing features to increase the survivability of their homes from wildfires.

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX G-3

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX G—VOLUNTARY HOME-HARDENING RECOMMENDATIONS

    G101.3.1 Maintenance and defensible space. The following maintenance and operational procedures assist to limit the impact on a home from an approaching wildfire. 1. Roofs—regularly clean your roof, including roof-to-wall intersections and skylights to remove accumulated fallen leaves, needles and other flammable materials; repair damaged or deteriorated sections of the roof or roof covering; remove all trees, branches, shrubs or other plants adjacent to or overhanging buildings. 2. Rain gutters—keep roof gutters free of combustible debris. 3. Decks—regularly clean your deck, including deck-to-wall intersections to avoid the accumulation of fallen leaves, needles and other flammable materials; ensure that all combustible materials are removed from underneath, on top of or within five feet (1524 mm) of a deck or balcony. _4.

  • CWUIC § 5001.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H — HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLANS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENTS (SEE SECTIONS 5001.5.1 AND 5001.5.2)

    APPENDIX H

    FIGURE A-II-E-1—(Continued)

    SECTION III: SEPARATION, CONTAINMENT AND MONITORING

    PART B—UNDERGROUND

    S INGLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING

    _Tank Area Identification (as shown on facility map): ____________________________________________

    1. _____ Backfill Vapor Wells

    Model and Manufacturer:

    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________Co

    _ntinuous or Monthly Testing: _____________________________________________________________________________

    2. _____ Groundwater Monitoring Wells

    3. _____ Monthly Precision Tank Test

    4. _____ Piping—

    _Monitoring Method: ______________________________________________________________________________________

    _Frequency: _____________________________________________________________________________________________

    _5. _____ Other: __________________________________________________________________________________________

    DOUBLE-WALL TANKS AND PIPING

    Tank Area Identification (as shown on facility map):_____________________________________________________________ 1. Method of monitoring the annular space: ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Frequency: __________ Continuous _________ Daily _________ Weekly __________ Other: ________________________________________________________________________________________ _3. List the type of secondary containment for piping: _____________________________________________________________

    4. List the method of monitoring the secondary containment for piping: ______________________________________________ 5. Are there incompatible materials within the same vault? ________ Yes _______ No If yes, how is separate secondary containment provided?_________________________________________________________

    Note: If you have continuous monitoring equipment, you shall maintain copies of all service and maintenance work. Such reports shall be made available for review on site, and shall be submitted to the fire prevention bureau upon request. Attach additional sheets as necessary.

    SECTION IV: WASTE DISPOSAL

    ______ Discharge to the Sanitary ____________ Pretreatment—_

    _Sewer—Wastes: _________________ Wastes: ____________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________Li

    _censed Waste Hauler _________________Recycle __________________

    _Wastes: _________________________Wastes: _________________________________________________________________

    ___________ Other—_

    _Describe Method: ________________________________________________________________________________________

    _Wastes: _________________________

    __________ No Waste_

    APPENDIX H-10 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H — HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLANS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENTS (SEE SECTIONS 5001.5.1 AND 5001.5.2)

    APPENDIX H

    FIGURE A-II-E-1—(Continued)

    SECTION IV: WASTE DISPOSAL—continued

    B. Spill Containment:

    ______ Absorbents _____ Other: _______________________________________

    C. Spill Control and Treatment:

  • CWUIC § 1505.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    1
    1505.1.2||||||| |Chapter 6|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements|Fire protection requirements| |601|General|Y||||||||| |601.1|Scope|Y||||||||| |601.2|Objective|Y|||4901.1|||||| |601.3|Chapter 6 definitions|Y||||||1299.02(a)||| |602|Fire protection plans|Y|||4903|||||| |602.1|General|Y|||4903.1|||||| |602.2|Contents|Y|||4903.2|||||| |602.3|Project information|Y|||4903.2.1|||||| |602.3.1|Preliminary fire
    protection plan|Y|||4903.2.1.1|||||| |602.3.2|Fire protection plan|Y|||4903.2.1.2|||||| |603|Vegetation plan|Y|||4906|||||| |603.1|General|Y|||4906.1|||||| |603.2|Application|Y|||4906.2||||51182(a)|| |603.3|Landscape plans|Y|||4906.3|||||| |603.3.1|Contents|Y|||4906.3.1||3.07(b)(2)||51182(a)|4291| |603.4|Vegetation|Y|||4906.4||||||

    APPENDIX H-30 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS

    2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
    Yes/No    		 IWUIC
    Section    		 CBC
    Section    		 CFC
    Section    		 Title 14,
    Division 1.5
    Section    		 Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section    		 Gov Code
    Section    		 PRC
    Section    		 HSC
    Section
    Section Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title
    Chapter 6 Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements Fire protection requirements
    603.4.1 Shrubs Y 4906.4.1
    603.4.2 Trees Y 4906.4.2 1299.03 3.07(b)(3)
    603.4.2.1 Nonfire-smart
    vegetation    		 Y 4906.4.2.1
    604 Maintenance of
    defensible space    		 Y 4907
    604.
  • CWUIC § 6-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    603 Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards . . . . . . . . . 6-3 604 Elevator Operation, Maintenance and Fire Service Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 605 Fuel-Fired Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 606 Commercial Cooking Equipment and Systems . . . . . 6-9 607 Commercial Cooking Oil Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 608 Mechanical Refrigeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 609 Hyperbaric Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 610 Clothes Dryer Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

    CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION

    FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

    701 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

    702 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

    703 Penetrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

    704 Joints and Voids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

    705 Door and Window Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 706 Duct and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 707 Concealed Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 708 Spray Fire-Resistant Materials and Intumescent Fire-Resistant Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

    709 Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

    CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE

    MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

    801 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

  • CWUIC § 5-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    502 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

    503 Ignition-Resistant Construction and Material. . . . . .5-3

    504 Ignition-Resistant Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

    505 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

    506 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

    507 Replacement or Repair of Roof Coverings. . . . . . . . .5-9

    CHAPTER 6 FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . .6-3

    601 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

    602 Fire Protection Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

    603 Vegetation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

    604 Maintenance of Defensible Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

    605 Spark Arrestors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

    606 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installations . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

    607 Storage of Firewood and Combustible Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

    608 Building Siting and Setbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

    609 Ridgelines, Fuel Breaks and Greenbelts . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

    610 Fire Safe Development Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

    611 Subdivision Review Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

    612 General Plan Safety Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

    CHAPTER 7 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

    APPENDIX A GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . APPENDIX A-3

    A101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A-3

    A102 Vegetation Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A-3

Frequently asked questions

What exactly makes a clearance a “fuel modification” under the CWUIC?

A clearance qualifies as a fuel modification only if it is kept in continuous maintenance; a single clearing event that is not maintained does not meet the code definition (§ B101.3) .

Must every project show both 30‑ft and 100‑ft zones on plans?

Yes — landscape plans must delineate the 30‑foot and 100‑foot fuel management zones from structures as part of the plan content required by § 603.3.1 .

If I plant a tree now, how close can it be to my house?

For new trees in the 30‑ft zone the drip line at maturity must be at least 10 ft from any combustible structure; non‑fire‑smart species have additional limits (see § 603.4.2 and § 603.4.2.1) .

Who is responsible for keeping the fuel modification maintained?

The Vegetation Plan / Fire Protection Plan must include legally binding statements assigning responsibility (owners, HOA, or other) and the code ties maintenance to state defensible‑space law; owners/community entities are responsible for continuous maintenance (§ 602.3.2, § 604.3) .

Is fuel modification allowed beyond my property line?

Fuel modification beyond a property line may be required by state law or a local ordinance only in limited circumstances to maintain defensible space; work on adjacent property generally requires the adjacent owner’s written consent (see PRC excerpts in the code materials) .

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