Required clear opening size and permitted bar motion

Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CRSC § 19-1 High relevance — show source text

  000|19-1|21-6|16-5|17-1|15-1|14-0|12-6|9-11|9-7| |24|2-#6|40,000|17-7|21-1|14-1|14-10|12-8|11-9|10-8|8-7|8-4| |24|2-#6|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR| |24|Center distance_A_k, l|Center distance_A_k, l|3-3|4-1|2-5|2-7|2-1|1-11|1-7|1-2|1-1| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, Grade 40 = 280 MPa, Grade 60 = 420 MPa.
  a. See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thickness.
  b. Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. See Note j.
  c. Table values are based on uniform loading. See Section R608.8.2 for lintels supporting concentrated loads.
  d. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the clear span of the lintel in inches, or1/2-inch, whichever is less.
  e. Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.
  f. DR indicates design required.
  g. Lintel depth,D, is permitted to include the available height of wall located directly above the lintel, provided that the increased lintel depth spans the entire length of the
  lintel.
  h. Stirrups shall be fabricated from reinforcing bars with the same yield strength as that used for the main longitudinal reinforcement.
  i. Allowable clear span without stirrups applicable to all lintels of the same depth,D. Top and bottom reinforcement for lintels without stirrups shall be not less than the least
  amount of reinforcement required for a lintel of the same depth and loading condition with stirrups. All other spans require stirrups spaced at not more than_d_/2.
  j. Where concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 3,000 psi is used, clear spans for lintels without stirrups shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.05. If the
  increased span exceeds the allowable clear span for a lintel of the same depth and loading condition with stirrups, the top and bottom reinforcement shall be equal to or
  greater than that required for a lintel of the same depth and loading condition that has an allowable clear span that is equal to or greater than that of the lintel without stir-
  rups that has been increased.
  k. Center distance,A, is the center portion of the clear span where stirrups are not required. This is applicable to all longitudinal bar sizes and steel yield strengths.
  l. Where concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 3,000 psi is used, center distance,A, shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.10.
  m.The maximum clear opening width between two solid wall segments shall be 18 feet. See Section R608.7.2.1.

• CRC § 2500 High relevance — show source text

  4 bars****a
  •
  2 inches clear from bottom
  •
  2 inches clear from sidesa|CONCRETE:
  •
  2500 psi compressive strength
  •
  Height = 6 inches
  •
  Extend 1 foot beyond opening sides
  •
  Reinforcement two No. 4 barsa
  •
  2 inches clear from bottom
  •
  2 inches clear from sidesa| |Building
  width (feet)|Cob above
  lintel (feet)|Total cob wall
  and plaster
  thickness
  (inches)|Size of wood lintel or bond beam—H ×W
  (nominal inches)|Size of wood lintel or bond beam—H ×W
  (nominal inches)|Width of concrete lintel or bond beam
  (inches)|Width of concrete lintel or bond beam
  (inches)| |Building
  width (feet)|Cob above
  lintel (feet)|Total cob wall
  and plaster
  thickness
  (inches)**|For span ≤ 4 ft|For span ≤ 6 ft|For span ≤ 6 ft|For span ≤ 8 ft| |10|0|≤ 27|4 × 8|4 × 8|8|8| |10|1|15|4 × 12|4 × 12|12|12| |10|1|19|4 × 16|4 × 16|16|16| |10|1|27|4 × 24|4 × 24|24|24| |10|2|15|4 × 12|6 × 12|12|12| |10|2|19|4 × 16|6 × 16|16|16| |10|2|27|4 × 24|4 × 24|24|24|

  2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX BK-11

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  APPENDIX BK — COB CONSTRUCTION (MONOLITHIC ADOBE)

  TABLE BK106.10—LINTELS AND BOND BEAMS SPANNING OPENINGS—continued	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7
  GROUND SNOW LOAD ≤ 30 PSF	GROUND SNOW LOAD ≤ 30 PSF	GROUND SNOW LOAD ≤ 30 PSF	WOOD: • _F_b ≥ 850 psi • E ≥ 1,300,000 psi • **No.

• CRSC § 6-11 High relevance — show source text

  _D_g
  (inches)|** NUMBER OF BARS AND**
  BAR SIZE IN TOP AND
  BOTTOM OF LINTEL| STEEL YIELD**
  STRENGTHh, ****fy
  (psi)|** —| 30**|** 70**|** 30**|** 70**|** 30**|** 70**|** 30**|** 70**| |** LINTEL**
  DEPTH,****_D_g
  (inches)|** NUMBER OF BARS AND**
  BAR SIZE IN TOP AND
  BOTTOM OF LINTEL|** STEEL YIELD**
  STRENGTHh, ****fy
  (psi)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)|** Maximum clear span of lintel**
  (feet-inches)| |24|Span without stirrupsi, j|Span without stirrupsi, j|6-11|7-9|6-1|6-3|5-9|5-7|5-3|4-9|4-8| |24|1-#4|40,000|8-0|9-0|6-11|7-2|6-5|6-2|5-8|4-9|4-8| |24|1-#4|60,000|9-9|11-0|8-5|8-9|7-10|7-6|6-11|5-10|5-8| |24|1-#5|40,000|10-0|11-3|8-7|8-11|8-0|7-7|7-0|5-11|5-9| |24|1-#5|60,000|13-11|15-8|12-0|12-5|11-2|10-7|9-10|8-3|8-0| |24|2-#4
  1-#6|40,000|12-11|14-6|11-2|11-6|10-5|9-10|9-1|7-8|7-5| |24|2-#4
  1-#6|60,000|15-7|17-7|13-6|13-11|12-7|11-11|11-0|9-3|9-0| |24|2-#5|40,000|15-11|17-11|13-7|14-3|12-8|11-9|10-8|8-7|8-4| |24|2-#5|60,

• CRSC § 10-11 High relevance — show source text

  ****_D_f
  (inches)|NUMBER OF
  BARS AND
  BAR SIZE|STEEL YIELD
  STRENGTH,****fy
  (psi)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)|Maximum clear span of lintel
  (feet-inches)**| |8|1-#4|40,000|10-11|11-5|9-7|11-2|7-10|9-5|7-3|9-2| |8|1-#4|60,000|12-5|11-7|10-11|13-5|9-11|13-2|9-3|12-10| |8|1-#5|40,000|12-7|11-7|11-1|13-8|10-1|13-5|9-4|13-1| |8|1-#5|60,000|DR|DR|12-7|16-4|11-6|14-7|10-9|14-6| |8|2-#4
  1-#6|40,000|DR|DR|12-0|15-3|10-11|15-0|10-2|14-8| |8|2-#4
  1-#6|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|12-2|15-3|11-7|15-3| |8|2-#5|40,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|12-7|16-7|11-9|16-7| |8|2-#5|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|13-3|16-7| |8|2-#6|40,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|13-2|17-8| |8|2-#6|60,000|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR|DR| |12|1-#4|40,000|11-5|9-10|10-6|12-0|9-6|11-6|8-9|11-1| |12|1-#4|60,000|11-5|9-10|11-8|13-3|10-11|14-0|10-1|13-6| |12|1-#5|40,000|11-5|9-10|11-8|13-3|11-1|14-4|10-3|13-9| |12|1-#5|60,000|11-5|9-10|11-8|13-3|11-10|16-0|11-9|16-9| |12|2-#4
  1-#6|40,

• CRSC § 0.46 High relevance — show source text

  Exception: The minimum net clear opening for grade-floor emergency escape and rescue openings shall be 5 square feet (0.46 m [2] ).

  1031.3.2 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.

  1031.3.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

  1031.4 Emergency escape and rescue doors. Where a door is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall be a swinging door or a sliding door.

  1031.5 Area wells. An emergency escape and rescue opening with the bottom of the clear opening below the adjacent grade shall be provided with an area well in accordance with Sections 1031.5.1 through 1031.5.3.

  10-60 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MEANS OF EGRESS

  1031.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of the area well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m [2] ), with a horizontal projection and width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm). The area well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

  Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section 1031.5.2 shall be permitted to encroach not more than 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the area well.

  1031.5.2 Ladders or steps. Area wells with a vertical depth of more than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with an approved permanently affixed ladder or steps. The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the emergency escape and rescue opening when the window or door is in the open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Section 1011.

  1031.5.2.1 Ladders. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches (305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center (o.c.) vertically for the full height of the area well.

  1031.5.2.2 Steps. Steps shall have an inside width of not less than 12 inches (305 mm), shall have treads greater than 5 inches (127 mm) in depth and a riser height not greater than 18 inches (457 mm) for the full height of the area well.

  1031.5.3 Drainage. Area wells shall be designed for proper drainage by connecting to the building’s foundation drainage system required by Section 1805.

  Exception: A drainage system for area wells is not required where the foundation is on well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils, in accordance with Section 1803.5.1.

• CRSC § 1.05. High relevance — show source text

  See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thickness and minimum dimensions and spacing of cores.
  d. Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. See Note g.
  e. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the clear span of the lintel in inches, or1/2 inch, whichever is less.
  f. Top and bottom reinforcement shall consist of a No. 4 bar having a minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi.
  g. Where concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 3,000 psi is used, spans in shaded cells shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.05.
  h. Lintel depth,D, is permitted to include the available height of wall located directly above the lintel, provided that the increased lintel depth spans the entire length of the
  lintel.|

  6-154 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  WALL CONSTRUCTION

  R608.8.1 Reinforcement around openings. Reinforcement shall be provided around openings in walls equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width in accordance with this section and Figure R608.8(1), in addition to the minimum wall reinforcement required by Sections R404.1.3, R608.6 and R608.7. Vertical wall reinforcement required by this section is permitted to be used as reinforcement at the ends of solid wall segments required by Section R608.7.2.2.2 provided it is located in accordance with Section R608.8.1.2. Wall openings shall have a minimum depth of concrete over the width of the opening of 8 inches (203 mm) in flat walls and waffle-grid walls, and 12 inches (305 mm) in screen-grid walls. Wall openings in waffle-grid and screen-grid walls shall be located such that not less than one-half of a vertical core occurs along each side of the opening.

  R608.8.1.1 Horizontal reinforcement. Lintels complying with Section R608.8.2 shall be provided above wall openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width.

  Openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width shall have not less than one No. 4 bar placed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the bottom of the opening. See Figure R608.8(1).

  Horizontal reinforcement placed above and below an opening shall extend beyond the edges of the opening the dimension required to develop the bar in tension in accordance with Section R608.5.4.4.

  Exception: Continuous horizontal wall reinforcement placed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the wall story as required in Sections R404.1.3.2 and R608.6.2 is permitted in lieu of top or bottom lintel reinforcement required by Section R608.8.2 provided that the continuous horizontal wall reinforcement meets the location requirements specified in Figures R608.8(2), R608.8(3), and R608.8(4) and the size requirements specified in Tables R608.8(2) through R608.8(10).

  R608.8.1.2 Vertical reinforcement. Not less than one No. 4 bar [Grade 40 (280 MPa)] shall be provided on each side of openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width.

• CRSC § 1031.3 Medium relevance — show source text

  (a) Where the California Building Code requires openable burglar bars for emergency escape or rescue, or

  (b) On mobile homes, manufactured homes or multi-unit manufactured housing unless at least one window or door to the exterior in each bedroom is openable for emergency escape or rescue.

  [BE] 1031.3 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall comply with Sections 1031.3.1 through 1031.3.3.

  [BE] 1031.3.1 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet (0.53 m [2] ). Exception: The minimum net clear opening for grade-floor emergency escape and rescue openings shall be 5 square feet (0.46 m [2] ).

  [BE] 1031.3.2 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.

  [BE] 1031.3.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

  [BE] 1031.4 Emergency escape and rescue doors. Where a door is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall be a swinging door or a sliding door.

  [BE] 1031.5 Area wells. An emergency escape and rescue opening with the bottom of the clear opening below the adjacent grade shall be provided with an area well in accordance with Sections 1031.5.1 through 1031.5.3.

  [BE] 1031.5.1 Minimum size. The minimum horizontal area of the area well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m [2] ), with a horizontal projection and width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm). The area well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

  Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section 1031.5.2 shall be permitted to encroach not more than 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the area well.

  [BE] 1031.5.2 Ladders or steps. Area wells with a vertical depth of more than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with an approved permanently affixed ladder or steps. The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the emergency escape and rescue opening when the window or door is in the open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Section 1011.

  [BE] 1031.5.2.1 Ladders. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches (305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center (o.c.) vertically for the full height of the area well.

  [BE] 1031.5.2.2 Steps. Steps shall have an inside width of not less than 12 inches (305 mm), shall have treads greater than 5 inches (127 mm) in depth and a riser height not greater than 18 inches (457 mm) for the full height of the area well.

• CRSC § 8.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  Wall openings in waffle-grid and screen-grid walls shall be located such that not less than one-half of a vertical core occurs along each side of the opening.

  R608.8.1.1 Horizontal reinforcement. Lintels complying with Section R608.8.2 shall be provided above wall openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width.

  Openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width shall have not less than one No. 4 bar placed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the bottom of the opening. See Figure R608.8(1).

  Horizontal reinforcement placed above and below an opening shall extend beyond the edges of the opening the dimension required to develop the bar in tension in accordance with Section R608.5.4.4.

  Exception: Continuous horizontal wall reinforcement placed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the wall story as required in Sections R404.1.3.2 and R608.6.2 is permitted in lieu of top or bottom lintel reinforcement required by Section R608.8.2 provided that the continuous horizontal wall reinforcement meets the location requirements specified in Figures R608.8(2), R608.8(3), and R608.8(4) and the size requirements specified in Tables R608.8(2) through R608.8(10).

  R608.8.1.2 Vertical reinforcement. Not less than one No. 4 bar [Grade 40 (280 MPa)] shall be provided on each side of openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width. The vertical reinforcement required by this section shall extend the full height of the wall story and shall be located within 12 inches (305 mm) of each side of the opening. The vertical reinforcement required on each side of an opening by this section is permitted to serve as reinforcement at the ends of solid wall segments in accordance with Section R608.7.2.2.2, provided it is located as required by the applicable detail in Figure R608.7.1.1(2). Where the vertical reinforcement required by this section is used to satisfy the requirements of Section R608.7.2.2.2 in waffle- and screen-grid walls, a concrete flange shall be created at the ends of the solid wall segments in accordance with Table R608.7.1.1(6), Note e. In the top-most story, the reinforcement shall terminate in accordance with Section R608.6.4.

  R608.8.2 Lintels. Lintels shall be provided over all openings equal to or greater than 2 feet (610 mm) in width. Lintels with uniform loading shall conform to Sections R608.8.2.1 and R608.8.2.2, or Section R608.8.2.3. Lintels supporting concentrated loads, such as from roof or floor beams or girders, shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318.

  R608.8.2.1 Lintels designed for gravity load-bearing conditions. Where a lintel will be subjected to gravity load conditions 1 through 5 of Table R608.8(1), the clear span of the lintel shall not exceed that permitted by Tables R608.8(2) through R608.8(8). The maximum clear span of lintels with and without stirrups in flat walls shall be determined in accordance with Tables R608.8(2) through R608.8(5), and constructed in accordance with Figure R608.8(2).

• CRSC § 1.3.3.7.6 Medium relevance — show source text

  Where the bar used is Grade 60 and the size specified in the table, the actual spacing in the wall
  shall not exceed a whole-number multiple of 12 inches (12, 24, 36 and 48) that is less than or equal to the tabulated spacing. Vertical reinforcement with a yield strength of less
  than 60,000 psi and bars of a different size than specified in the table are permitted in accordance with Section R404.1.3.3.7.6 and Table R404.1.3.2(9).
  d. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the height of the basement wall in inches.
  e. Interpolation is not permitted.
  f. Where walls will retain 4 feet or more of unbalanced backfill, they shall be laterally supported at the top and bottom before backfilling.
  g. See Sections R404.1.3.2 for minimum reinforcement required for basement walls supporting above-grade concrete walls.
  h. See Table R608.3 for thicknesses and dimensions of screen-grid walls.
  i. DR means design is required in accordance with the applicable building code, or in the absence of a code, in accordance with ACI 318.
  j. The use of this table shall be prohibited for soil classifications not shown.|

  4-34 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

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  FOUNDATIONS

  TABLE R404.1.3.2(8)—MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR 6-, 8-, 10- AND 12-INCH NOMINAL FLAT BASEMENT WALLSb, c, d, e, f, h, i, k, n, o	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10	Col11	Col12	Col13	Col14
  ** MAXIMUM** UNSUPPORTED WALL HEIGHT (feet)	** MAXIMUM** UNBALANCED BACKFILL HEIGHTg (feet)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT-BAR SIZE AND SPACING** (inches)	** MINIMUM VERTICAL

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.

  Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of this code.

  R319.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have minimum dimensions in accordance with Sections R319.2.1 through R319.2.4.

  R319.2.1 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a net clear opening of not less than 5.7 square feet (0.530 m [2] ).

  Exception: The minimum net clear opening for grade-floor emergency escape and rescue openings shall be 5 square feet (0.465 m [2] ).

  R319.2.2 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.

  R319.2.3 Maximum height from floor. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have the bottom of the clear opening not greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) measured from the floor.

  R319.2.4 Emergency escape and rescue openings under decks, porches and cantilevers. Emergency escape and rescue openings installed under decks, porches and cantilevers shall be fully openable and provide a path not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height and 36 inches (914 mm) in width to a yard or court.

  R319.3 Emergency escape and rescue doors. Where a door is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall be a side-hinged door or a sliding door.

  R319.4 Area wells. An emergency escape and rescue opening where the bottom of the clear opening is below the adjacent grade shall be provided with an area well in accordance with Sections R319.4.1 through R319.4.4.

  2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 3-65

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  BUILDING PLANNING

  R319.4.1 Minimum size. The horizontal area of the area well shall be not less than 9 square feet (0.9 m [2] ), with a horizontal projection and width of not less than 36 inches (914 mm). The size of the area well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

  Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section R319.4.2 shall be permitted to encroach not more than 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the area well.

  R319.4.2 Ladder and steps. Area wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with an approved, permanently affixed ladder or steps. The ladder or steps shall not be obstructed by the emergency escape and rescue opening where the window or door is in the open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Section R318.7.

• CRSC § 2-1 Medium relevance — show source text

  Note 7|Note 4
  CL
  4”
  L 2-1/2” x 2-1/2” x 3/16”
  10-1/2”
  18”
  6”
  3”
  12”
  12”
  See Note 7|||||||| ||6”||||CL|CL|CL|| |1|8”|8”|8”|3”
  12”|3”
  12”|10-1/2”
  12”|10-1/2”
  12”|10-1/2”
  12”| |1|8”|||||||| |1|8”|||||||| |1|8”|||||||| ||||||||||

  Section A-A

  Figure 7 Concrete Enclosure

  Section B-B

  Rev. #22: 03−25−22 028028 Page 9 of 14

  UG-1: Enclosures Greenbook Secondary Electric Underground Enclosures

  17” x 30” (#2) Concrete Boxes for Full-Vehicular Traffic (continued)

  2-1/2” x 2” x 1/4”

  1-1/2”

  21-3/8”

  Section D-D

  Table 6 Codes for Complete 17” x 30” Concrete

  Bar 1-1/4” x 1/4” x 4”

  34-3/8” ” Dia. d Lift 2” e 9-7/8” 6” 21- 18” B/B 6” C D 2” 9” 9” D 1-1/4” Slot in Cover Plate	34-3/8”	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10	Col11	Col12	Col13
  9” ” Dia. d Lift e D C 2~~”~~ 9” 34-3/8” D 1-1/4” Slot in Cover Plate 2” 9-7/8” 6” 21- 18” B/B 6”												D 21-
  9” ” Dia. d Lift e D C 2~~”~~ 9” 34-3/8” D 1-1/4” Slot in Cover Plate 2” 9-7/8” 6” 21- 18” B/B 6”	9-7/8	”								2”	2”	2”
  9” ” Dia.

• California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text

  |100 psf|1 hr
  23 min|||7|1, 2|11/3| |F/C-4-RC-9|4″|4″ deep (4370 psi);1/4″ reinforcement bars
  at 6″ pitch with3/4″ cover;1/4″ main rein-
  forcement bars at 4″ pitch perpendicular
  with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-10|4″|4″ thick (5140 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|140 psf|1 hr
  16 min|||7|1, 5|11/4| |F/C-4-RC-11|4″|4″ thick (4000 psi) concrete deck;
  3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
  with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
  reinforcement 1″ from bottom of slab; 6′6″
  span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-12|4″|4″ deep (2380 psi) concrete deck;
  3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
  with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
  reinforcement 1″ from bottom surface;
  6′6″ span restrained.|150 psf|1 hr
  3 min|||7|1, 2|1| |F/C-4-RC-13|41/2″|41/2″ thick (5200 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/4″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|140 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-14|41/2″|41/2″ deep (2525 psi) concrete deck;1/4″
  reinforcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
  cover;3/8″ main reinforcement bars at
  33/8″ pitch perpendicular with1/2″ cover;
  13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|42 min|||7|1, 5|2/3| |F/C-4-RC-15|41/2″|41/2″ deep (4830 psi) concrete deck;
  11/2″ × No.

• CRSC § 3.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  10|23/4| |F/C-6-RC-25|6″|6″ deep (4800 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
  forcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
  cover;3/8″ main reinforcement bars at
  31/2″ pitch perpendicular with7/8″ cover;
  13′1″ span restrained.|195
  psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-6-RC-26|6″|6″ (4650 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 31/2″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|195
  psf|2 hrs
  23 min|||7|1, 2|21/4| |F/C-6-RC-27|6″|6″ deep (6050 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
  forcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
  cover;3/8″ reinforcement bars at 31/2″
  pitch perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″
  span restrained.|195
  psf|3 hrs
  30 min|||7|1, 10|31/2| |F/C-6-RC-28|6″|6″ deep (5180 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ rein-
  forcement bars at 8″ pitch with3/4″ cover;
  1/4″ reinforcement bars at 51/2″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|150
  psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4|

  2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE RESOURCE A-93

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  RESOURCE A—GUIDELINES ON FIRE RATINGS OF ARCHAIC MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES

  TABLE 3.1—continued FLOOR/CEILING ASSEMBLIES—REINFORCED CONCRETE	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6	Col7	Col8	Col9	Col10
  ITEM CODE	ASSEMBLY THICKNESS	CONSTRUCTION DETAILS	PERFORMANCE	PERFORMANCE	REFERENCE NUMBER	REFERENCE NUMBER	REFERENCE NUMBER	NOTES	REC. HOURS
  ITEM CODE	ASSEMBLY THICKNESS	CONSTRUCTION DETAILS	LOAD	TIME	PRE-BMS-92	BMS-92	POST-BMS-92	POST-BMS-92	POST-BMS-92
  F/C-6-RC-29	6″	6″ thick (4180 psi) concrete deck; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.

• CRSC § 9-2 Medium relevance — show source text

  j|Span without stirrupsi, j|9-2|11-9|8-7|8-11|8-0|6-11|6-6|5-7|5-6| |24|1-#5|40,000|8-11|10-10|8-6|8-9|7-11|6-10|6-5|5-3|5-2| |24|1-#5|60,000|10-11|13-3|10-4|10-8|9-8|8-4|7-10|6-5|6-3| |24|2-#4
  1-#6|40,000|10-1|12-3|9-7|9-11|8-11|7-9|7-3|6-0|5-10| |24|2-#4
  1-#6|60,000|12-3|15-0|11-8|12-1|10-11|9-5|8-10|7-3|7-1| |24|2-#5|40,000|12-6|15-3|11-11|12-4|11-1|9-7|9-0|7-5|7-3| |24|2-#5|60,000|17-6|21-3|16-7|17-2|15-6|13-5|12-7|10-4|10-1| |24|2-#6|40,000|17-2|20-11|16-3|16-10|15-3|13-2|12-4|9-7|9-4| |24|2-#6|60,000|20-9|25-3|19-8|20-4|18-5|15-4|14-0|10-7|10-3| |24|Center distance_A_k, l|Center distance_A_k, l|5-6|8-1|4-11|5-3|4-4|3-3|2-10|1-11|1-10| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square inch = 6.895 kPa, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa, Grade 40 = 280 MPa, Grade 60 = 420 MPa.
  Note: Top and bottom reinforcement for lintels without stirrups, as shown in shaded cells, shall be equal to or greater than that required for lintel of the same depth and loading
  condition that has an allowable clear span that is equal to or greater than that of the lintel without stirrups.
  a. See Table R608.3 for tolerances permitted from nominal thickness.
  b. Table values are based on concrete with a minimum specified compressive strength of 2,500 psi. See Note j.
  c. Table values are based on uniform loading. See Section R608.8.2 for lintels supporting concentrated loads.
  d. Deflection criterion is_L_/240, where_L_ is the clear span of the lintel in inches, or1/2 inch, whichever is less.
  e. Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.
  f. DR indicates design required.
  g.

• California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text

  ; 2′ C.R.S. with 1″ cover on
  both top and bottom flanges; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|60 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-6-RC-34|61/4″|61/4″ thick; 43/4″ (5120 psi) concrete core;
  1″ T&G board flooring;1/2″ plaster under-
  coat; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush
  with top surface concrete; 12′ span simply
  supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
  insert.|100 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-6-RC-35|61/4″|43/4″ (3600 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
  board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
  3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush with top
  surface concrete; 12′ span simply
  supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
  insert.|100 psf|2 hrs
  30 min|||7|1, 5|21/2| |F/C-6-RC-36|61/4″|43/4″ (2800 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
  board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
  3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush with top
  surface concrete; 12″ span simply
  supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
  insert.|80 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-7-RC-37|7″|(3640 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 6″ pitch with 11/2″ cover;1/4″
  reinforcement bars at 5″ pitch perpendic-
  ular with 11/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|169 psf|6 hrs|||7|1, 14|6| |F/C-7-RC-38|7″|(4060 psi) concrete deck; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs
  R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S. with 11/2″ cover on both
  top and bottom flanges; 4″ × 6″ × 13 SWG
  mesh reinforcement 11/2″ from bottom of
  slab; 13′1″ span restrained.|175 psf|6 hrs|||7|1, 14|6| |F/C-7-RC-39|71/4″|53/4″ (4010 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
  board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat;
  4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  12-3-5.3.2 When multiple tests are required on an assembly, they are allowed to be performed on the same test fixture, provided that new hole or openings are used for mounting. Portions of the test fixture shall be allowed to be replaced to accommodate new mounting holes or brackets.

  12-3-5.3.3 Samples that include grease, graphite, silicon or other lubricants shall also be tested with the lubricant removed or not applied.

  12-3-5.3.4 When assembled in accordance with the installation instructions the system shall be securely held in place in the test fixture and shall operate consistently in the intended fashion.

  SECTION 12-3-6—SECURE ATTACHMENT TEST

  12-3-6.1 Two samples of the system shall be subjected to the following test sequence.

  12-3-6.2 The system, when in the closed position, shall resist 50-pound (22 N) force without opening, loosening in the test fixture or damaging the releasing assembly. The force shall be applied on the exterior side of the test fixture in a location that is most likely to move or damage the system. The force shall be gradually applied perpendicular to the opening and held for a period of 1 minute. A 3 / 8 -inch (10 mm) diameter rope looped through the security bars, or similar arrangement, shall be used to apply the force.

  SECTION 12-3-7—OPERATION TEST

  12-3-7.1 Following the Secure Attachment Test, each of the two samples of the system shall unlatch immediately without intentional delay during each of 10 attempts to operate the system, and the security bars shall be fully opened to create the opening specified in Section 12-3-3.10. During each attempt, the actuating mechanism shall be operated as intended, using a finger, hand or foot movement as described in the operating instructions provided to unlatch the security bars. The security bars shall then be opened to the full open position, and the system shall then be reset to the closed position. An examination shall be performed to verify that the security bars are completely reset prior to the next attempt.

  12-3-7.2 Springs provided in the latch or on the security bars that are intended to move the security bars from the latched position shall be removed or disabled prior to the test.

  12-3-7.3 Prior to the test, the assembly shall be operated and reset a number of times to acquaint the operator with the system and its opening and reselling operation. On some systems, it may be necessary to slam, tap or otherwise carefully align the security bars in the latch to successfully reset the system into the closed position.

  12-3-7.4 In the event that the actuating mechanism or assembly does not operate as intended during each of the 10 attempts, the test assembly, mounting method, actuating motion and system resetting procedure shall be reviewed to determine a potential cause of failure. After correcting any identified problems, the set of 10 operations shall be repeated with no unsuccessful attempts.

  SECTION 12-3-8—MANUAL ACTUATION TEST

  12-3-8.1 Following the Operation Test, each of the two sample assemblies shall be operated five times, and the forces required to unlatch the system shall be measured and recorded. These forces shall not exceed the values indicated in Sections 12-3-8.2 through 12-3-8.4.

• CRSC § 1009.12 Medium relevance — show source text

  Emergency exit and panic hardware.
  |SFM|Part 9, Section 1009.12| |Chapter 12-11A,
  12-11B|Detectable warning products and directional
  surfaces|DSA|Part 2, Sections 1112A.9, 1116A.5, 11B-247,
  11B-406.5.12, 11B-705, 11B-810.5.2| |Chapter 12-12|Reserved||| |Chapter 12-13|Standards for insulating material|CA/SFM|Part 2.5, Section R302.10.1
  Part 6, Section 110.8
  Part 9, Section 720, Table 721.1(1)
  Part 11, Section A5.504.4.8| |Chapter 12-16-1|California standard for earthquake-actuated
  automatic gas shutoff systems|DSA|Part 2, Chapters 16 and 16A
  Part 5, Section 1211.8| |Chapter 12-16-2|California standard for residential excess flow
  actuated automatic gas shutoff valves|DSA|Part 5, Section 1209.1| |Chapter 12-31C|Radiation shielding|DPH|Part 2, Section 3102C| |Chapter 12-71|Air filters|SFM|Part 4, Sections 401.2, 509.2.3, 509.2.3.4
  Part 6, Section 120.1| |Chapter 12-72-1|Protective signaling systems.
  Standard test procedures.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-2|Protective signaling systems. Single-and
  multiple-station fire alarm devices
  mechanically operated type.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-3|Protective signaling systems. Smoke detectors,
  combustion products type.|SFM||

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  12-1 ADMINISTRATION

  RESERVED

  2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 1

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  2 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE

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  12-3 RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS

  (This standard includes provisions of Underwriters Laboratories Subject 2326, Appendix B, dated December 17, 1999, reprinted with their permission.)

  INTRODUCTION

  SECTION 12-3-1—SCOPE

  12-3-1.1 These requirements cover releasing systems for bars, grilles, mesh, glazing or other items intended to provide security at doors and windows required for emergency escape from dwelling units. When actuated by the occupant, the system allows the obstructions over the door or window to be moved so occupants can escape in the event of an emergency.

• CRSC § 1.0 Medium relevance — show source text

  Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height. Extrapolation is not permitted.
  c. Basic wind speed,V, and wind exposure shall be determined in accordance with Section 1609.
  d. Where the minimum required parapet height is indicated to be 2 inches (51 mm), a gravel stop shall be permitted and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the roof
  surface and not less than the height of the aggregate.
  e. The tabulated values apply only to conditions where the topographic factor (Kzt) determined in accordance with Chapter 26 of ASCE 7 is 1.0 or where_Kzt_ is incorporated in the
  basic wind speed in Section 1609.
  f. For Exposure D, add 8 inches (203 mm) to the parapet height required for Exposure C and the parapet height shall not be less than 12 inches (305 mm).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
  a. Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height. Extrapolation is not permitted.
  c. Basic wind speed,V, and wind exposure shall be determined in accordance with Section 1609.
  d. Where the minimum required parapet height is indicated to be 2 inches (51 mm), a gravel stop shall be permitted and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the roof
  surface and not less than the height of the aggregate.
  e. The tabulated values apply only to conditions where the topographic factor (Kzt) determined in accordance with Chapter 26 of ASCE 7 is 1.0 or where_Kzt_ is incorporated in the
  basic wind speed in Section 1609.
  f. For Exposure D, add 8 inches (203 mm) to the parapet height required for Exposure C and the parapet height shall not be less than 12 inches (305 mm).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
  a. Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height. Extrapolation is not permitted.
  c. Basic wind speed,V, and wind exposure shall be determined in accordance with Section 1609.
  d. Where the minimum required parapet height is indicated to be 2 inches (51 mm), a gravel stop shall be permitted and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the roof
  surface and not less than the height of the aggregate.
  e.

• CRSC § 25.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  6)|100|12|12|14|16|19|21|26|30|35|16|18|21|24|26|29|34|39|45| |ASTM D1863
  (No. 6)|150|12|14|17|19|22|24|29|34|39|18|21|23|26|29|32|37|43|48| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
  a. Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height. Extrapolation is not permitted.
  c. Basic wind speed,V, and wind exposure shall be determined in accordance with Section 1609.
  d. Where the minimum required parapet height is indicated to be 2 inches (51 mm), a gravel stop shall be permitted and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the roof
  surface and not less than the height of the aggregate.
  e. The tabulated values apply only to conditions where the topographic factor (Kzt) determined in accordance with Chapter 26 of ASCE 7 is 1.0 or where_Kzt_ is incorporated in the
  basic wind speed in Section 1609.
  f. For Exposure D, add 8 inches (203 mm) to the parapet height required for Exposure C and the parapet height shall not be less than 12 inches (305 mm).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
  a. Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height. Extrapolation is not permitted.
  c. Basic wind speed,V, and wind exposure shall be determined in accordance with Section 1609.
  d. Where the minimum required parapet height is indicated to be 2 inches (51 mm), a gravel stop shall be permitted and shall extend not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from the roof
  surface and not less than the height of the aggregate.
  e. The tabulated values apply only to conditions where the topographic factor (Kzt) determined in accordance with Chapter 26 of ASCE 7 is 1.0 or where_Kzt_ is incorporated in the
  basic wind speed in Section 1609.
  f. For Exposure D, add 8 inches (203 mm) to the parapet height required for Exposure C and the parapet height shall not be less than 12 inches (305 mm).|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.
  a. Parapet height is measured vertically from the top surface of the coping down to the surface of the roof covering in the field of the roof adjacent to the parapet and outbound
  of any cant strip.
  b. Interpolation shall be permitted for wind speed, mean roof height and parapet height.

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  12-3-8.2.1 The average force required to unlatch finger-actuated systems shall not exceed 5 pounds (22 N) over the five attempts. The force required to unlatch the system during any of the attempts shall not exceed 10 pounds (44 N).

  12-3-8.2.2 The average force required to unlatch hand-actuated systems shall not exceed 5 pounds (22 N) over the five attempts. The force required to unlatch the system during any of the attempts shall not exceed 10 pounds (44 N).

  12-3-8.2.3 The average force required to unlatch foot-actuated systems shall not exceed 15 pounds (66 N) over the five attempts. The force required to unlatch the system during any of the attempts shall not exceed 30 pounds (132 N).

  12-3-8.3 In lieu of complying with Section 12-3-8.2, foot-actuated systems designed to be operated by a kick shall successfully unlatch and disengage the latching mechanism each of five times when subjected to the following impact. The impact shall be applied by swinging a 25-pound (11.4 kg) weight on a 4-foot (1.2 m) pendulum from 10 inches (254 mm) away, measured horizontally. The point of impact on the foot actuator shall be at the bottom of the pendulum swing.

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  RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS

  12-3-8.4 Once the system is unlatched, a maximum force required to set the security bars in motion shall not exceed 30 pounds (132 N), and the maximum force required to open the security bars to the minimum required width shall not exceed 15 pounds (66 N).

  SECTION 12-3-9—ENDURANCE TEST

  12-3-9.1 A sample of the security bar releasing system shall function as intended during 250 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts, including serving or fraying of individual cable wires. Following the cycling, the system shall be subjected to the Operation Test.

  12-3-9.2 The system shall be operated and reset as described in the manufacturer's operating instructions. As part of the cycling, it is only necessary to unlatch, disengage and reset the system, and not open the security bars to the full open position. The cycling rate shall not exceed 30 cycles per minute.

  SECTION 12-3-10—ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TEST

  12-3-10.1 After each of the following exposures, test assemblies shall be subjected to the Manual Actuation Test. The test shall be performed while the test assemblies are in the test chambers, or immediately after their removal from the test chamber. Opening forces after these conditionings shall not exceed the values shown in Section 12-3-8.2 or 12-3-8.3. A single sample shall be subjected to each exposure. The same sample, or different sample, shall be allowed to be used for each exposure condition.

  12-3-10.2 Elevated ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 120°F (49°C) environment for 24 hours.

  12-3-10.3 Low ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 32°F (0°C) environment for 24 hours.

• CRSC § 19.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  2|3|5|7|3|6|9|5|9|13|6|11|17| |5:12|24|3|6|9|4|7|11|6|11|16|7|14|21| |7:12|12|3|3|4|3|3|4|3|4|6|3|5|8| |7:12|16|3|3|5|3|4|5|3|5|8|4|7|10| |7:12|19.2|3|4|5|3|4|6|3|6|9|4|8|12| |7:12|24|3|5|7|3|5|8|4|8|11|5|10|15| |9:12|12|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|5|3|4|6| |9:12|16|3|3|4|3|3|4|3|4|6|3|5|8| |9:12|19.2|3|3|4|3|4|5|3|5|7|3|6|9| |9:12|24|3|4|5|3|4|6|3|6|9|4|8|12| |12:12|12|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|4|3|3|5| |12:12|16|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|3|5|3|4|6| |12:12|19.2|3|3|3|3|3|4|3|4|6|3|5|7| |12:12|24|3|3|4|3|3|5|3|5|7|3|6|9| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
  a. 10d common (3″ × 0.148″) nails shall be permitted to be substituted for 16d common (31/2″ × 0.162″) nails where the required number of nails is taken as 1.2 times the required
  number of 16d common nails, rounded up to the next full nail.
  b. Heel joint connections are not required where the ridge is supported by a load-bearing wall, header or ridge beam.
  c. Where intermediate support of the rafter is provided by vertical struts or purlins to a load-bearing wall, the tabulated heel joint connection requirements shall be permitted to
  be reduced proportionally to the reduction in span.
  d. Equivalent nailing patterns are required for ceiling joist to ceiling joist lap splices.
  e. Applies to roof live load of 20 psf or less.
  f. Tabulated heel joint connection requirements assume that ceiling joists or rafter ties are located at the bottom of the attic space. Where ceiling joists or rafter ties are located
  higher in the attic, heel joint connection requirements shall be increased by the adjustment factors in Table 802.5.2(2).
  g.

• CRSC § 12-72 Medium relevance — show source text

  |SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-2|Protective signaling systems. Single-and
  multiple-station fire alarm devices
  mechanically operated type.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-3|Protective signaling systems. Smoke detectors,
  combustion products type.|SFM||

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  12-1 ADMINISTRATION

  RESERVED

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  2 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  12-3 RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS

  (This standard includes provisions of Underwriters Laboratories Subject 2326, Appendix B, dated December 17, 1999, reprinted with their permission.)

  INTRODUCTION

  SECTION 12-3-1—SCOPE

  12-3-1.1 These requirements cover releasing systems for bars, grilles, mesh, glazing or other items intended to provide security at doors and windows required for emergency escape from dwelling units. When actuated by the occupant, the system allows the obstructions over the door or window to be moved so occupants can escape in the event of an emergency.

  12-3-1.2 These requirements only cover the ability of the releasing system to be manually activated from the interior of a dwelling unit by an occupant to affect an escape through the protected opening.

  12-3-1.3 These requirements cover releasing systems intended for use on the interior side of doors or windows in all climatic locations.

  12-3-1.4 These requirements do not evaluate the ability of the releasing system or obstructions to resist an external forced entry attack.

  12-3-1.5 These requirements do not evaluate the ability of the releasing system or obstructions to be opened or removed from the exterior of the residential dwelling unit by emergency response personnel during rescue operations.

  12-3-1.6 Products covered by these requirements are intended for installation in dwelling units to protect door and window openings that are designated by the California Building Standards Code to be used as the secondary means of escape from the living area.

  12-3-1.7 Products covered by these requirements are not intended to be used to protect doors in means of egress path for nonresidential occupancies, the common egress path of multifamily residential dwelling units or the primary means of egress path in a single-family dwelling unit.

  12-3-1.8 These requirements do not cover window guards or fall prevention devices that are intended to prevent falls from upper story windows.

  12-3-1.9 These requirements do not apply to storm doors and windows or light duty screens used for insect control.

• CRSC § 12-8 Medium relevance — show source text

  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-3—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR RIGID WALL MATERIALS

  Note: When required, additional fasteners may be used to hold up the specimen flush to the wall.

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  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-4—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR FLEXIBLE WALL MATERIALS

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  FIGURE 12-8-1B-5—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR CEILING MATERIALS

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  POWER-OPERATED EXIT DOORS

  STANDARD 12-10-1

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SCOPE

  Sec. 12-10-100.

  (a) General. These requirements and methods of test apply to power operated: swinging doors, and combination sliding and swinging doors intended for installation in locations where conforming exits are required by Title 24, California Code of Regulations, Part 2, Chapter 10.

  (b) Power-operated doors described in (a) may be provided with air, hydraulic or electric operators actuated from a floor, activating carpet, photoelectric device or other approved signaling device.

  (c) Alternates. A product employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those described in this procedure may be examined and tested in accordance with the intent of these testing procedures and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be recognized for listing.

  (d) Application. The minimum design, construction and testing procedures set forth herein are those deemed as the minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal contained in Title 24, California Code of Regulations.

  (e) Fire door assemblies. Power-operated doors intended for installation in openings where listed fire door assemblies are required, shall in addition to the requirements of this standard, be tested in accordance with the Fire Door Assembly Tests, SFM 12-7-4.

  GENERAL

  Sec. 12-10-101.

  (a) Panic hardware. Power-operated doors intended for installation in openings where panic hardware is required shall be tested with listed panic hardware on the doors.

  (b) Glazed doors. Glazing of doors shall conform to Title 24, California Code of Regulations, Part 2, Chapter 7.

  (c) Opening degree. Where manually operated in the direction of egress, leaves of swinging doors or swing-out sections of sliding doors shall swing open to not less than 90 degrees from the closed position.

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  SECTION 12-3-9—ENDURANCE TEST

  12-3-9.1 A sample of the security bar releasing system shall function as intended during 250 cycles of operation without failure or excessive wear of the parts, including serving or fraying of individual cable wires. Following the cycling, the system shall be subjected to the Operation Test.

  12-3-9.2 The system shall be operated and reset as described in the manufacturer's operating instructions. As part of the cycling, it is only necessary to unlatch, disengage and reset the system, and not open the security bars to the full open position. The cycling rate shall not exceed 30 cycles per minute.

  SECTION 12-3-10—ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TEST

  12-3-10.1 After each of the following exposures, test assemblies shall be subjected to the Manual Actuation Test. The test shall be performed while the test assemblies are in the test chambers, or immediately after their removal from the test chamber. Opening forces after these conditionings shall not exceed the values shown in Section 12-3-8.2 or 12-3-8.3. A single sample shall be subjected to each exposure. The same sample, or different sample, shall be allowed to be used for each exposure condition.

  12-3-10.2 Elevated ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 120°F (49°C) environment for 24 hours.

  12-3-10.3 Low ambient. Samples shall be conditioned in a 32°F (0°C) environment for 24 hours.

  12-3-10.4 Humidity test. Samples shall be conditioned for 24 hours in moist air having a relative humidity of 85 +/– 5 percent at a temperature of 90°F +/– 5°F (32 +/– 2°C).

  SECTION 12-3-11—ABUSE TEST

  12-3-11.1 A sample shall comply with the Manual Actuation Test requirements in Sections 12-3-8.2 and 12-3-8.3 after being subjected to the simulated abuse provided in Section 12-3-11.2.

  12-3-11.2 The sample shall be subject to six impacts of 5 feet-pounds (6.8 N · m) each applied with a 2-inch diameter (51 mm) steel ball on portions of the release system that are most likely to adversely affect the operation of the system.

  MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS

  SECTION 12-3-12—MARKINGS

  12-3-12.1 Security bars and the latching mechanism shall be permanently marked with the company name, model number and date of manufacture. When a manufacturer produces assemblies at more than one factory, each such assembly shall have a distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.

  12-3-12.2 Symbols or diagrams shall be marked on the manual actuator to identify how to manually release the security bars. The diagram or symbols shall be readily visible to occupants when the assembly is mounted as intended.

  12-3-12.3 Security bars and the latching mechanism shall be marked with the name or logo of the testing agency certifying to compliance of the products with this standard, and identification of the standard as SFM SB-2000.

  12-3-12.4 Adhesive-backed labels used to provide required markings shall be suitable for the application and shall comply with UL Standard 969, 1995 Edition.

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

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  PART 12 CROSS REFERENCE TABLE

  (Cross reference table is nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user.)

  PART 12 STANDARD	SUBJECT	ADOPTING AGENCY	ASSOCIATED TITLE 24 BUILDING STANDARD
  Chapter 12-3	Releasing systems for security bars in dwellings	SFM	Part 2, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7 Part 2.5, Sections R319.1.1 and R319.4.4 Part 9, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7 Appendix 4 Section 452.1.5 and Title 19 provisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 reprinted in Part 9 Part 10, Section 505.4
  Chapter 12-4A	Laboratory animal quarters standards	DPH	Part 2, Section 1236
  Chapter 12-4-1	Stage and Platforms	SFM	Part 2, Sections 410.2.7, 410.2.7.1, 410.2.7.2 Part 9, Sections 105.6.51, 4809
  Chapter 12-7-1	Fire-resistive standards. Fire tests of building construction and materials.	SFM	Part 2, Section 703
  Chapter 12-7-2	Reserved
  Chapter 12-7-3	Fire-resistive standards. Fire testing furnaces.	SFM	Part 9, Section 3001
  Chapter 12-7-4	Fire-resistive standards. Fire door assembly tests.	SFM	Part 2, Section 716
  Chapter 12-7-5	Fire-resistive standards. Interior finish of decorative material.	SFM	Part 2, Chapter 8 Part 9, Chapter 8
  Chapter 12-7A	Materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure	SFM	Part 7, Chapter 5
  Chapter 12-8-1	Fire-resistive standards for fire protection	SFM	Part 2, Sections 408.14 and 435.6.2
  Appendix 12-8-1A	Calculation of the total rate of heat and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide production	SFM
  Appendix 12-8-1B	Guide to mounting techniques for wall and ceiling interior finish material	SFM
  Chapter 12-10-1	Exits. Power-operated exit doors.	SFM	Part 2, Sections 408.4.2, 1010.1.4.2, 1010.1.9.1
  Chapter 12-10-2	Exits. Single-point latching or locking devices.	SFM	Part 2, Section 1010.2.2 Part 9, Section 1010.2.2
  Chapter 12-10-3	Exits. Emergency exit and panic hardware.

• CRSC § 568-3800 Medium relevance — show source text

  (916) 568-3800 Fire & Life Safety

  State Lands Commission [SLC]

  slc.ca.gov MOTEMS.Public@slc.ca.gov (510) 741-4950 Marine Oil Terminals

  State Librarian [SL]

  library.ca.gov csllaw@library.ca.gov (916) 323-9843 Public Library Construction & Renovation

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  HOW TO DETERMINE WHERE CHANGES HAVE BEEN MADE

  Symbols in the margins indicate where changes have been made or language has been deleted.

  This symbol indicates that a change has been made.

  • This symbol indicates deletion of language.

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  CONTENTS

  CHAPTER 12-1 ADMINISTRATION

  RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

  CHAPTER 12-3 RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY

  BARS IN DWELLINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

  CHAPTER 12-4A LABORATORY ANIMAL

  QUARTERS STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

  CHAPTER 12-4-1 STAGE AND PLATFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

  CHAPTER 12-7-1 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 13

  CHAPTER 12-7-2 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS

  RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

  CHAPTER 12-7-3 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 25

  CHAPTER 12-7-4 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 31

  CHAPTER 12-7-5 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . 35

  CHAPTER 12-7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

  METHODS FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE

  EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

  CHAPTER 12-8-1 FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS FOR

  FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

  APPENDIX 12-8-1A CALCULATION OF THE TOTAL RATE

  OF HEAT AND CARBON MONOXIDE OR

  CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION . . . . . . . 63

  APPENDIX 12-8-1B GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR

  WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  12-3-13.2 When the releasing mechanism assembly is provided separately from the security bar assembly in accordance with Section 12-3-3.1, the instruction manual shall describe the compatible security bars that have been investigated and found suitable for use with the releasing assembly. Security bars shall be identified by the manufacturer’s name and model number and maximum dimensions.

  12-3-13.3 The installation instructions shall include directions on mounting the actuator inside the room at a height not exceeding 48 inches (1.2 m) from the finished floor.

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  12-4A LABORATORY ANIMAL QUARTERS STANDARDS

  STANDARD 12-4A-1

  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES

  Authority: Sections 102, 208 and 25811.

  Reference: Sections 102, 208 and 436.5.

  LABORATORY ANIMAL QUARTERS

  Sec. 12-4A-101. Laboratory animal quarters shall comply with Chapter IV, “Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,” U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Publication Number 85-23, Revised 1985.

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  12-4-1 STAGE AND PLATFORMS

  SMOKE OR HEAT VENTILATORS

  STANDARD 12-4-1

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SMOKE OR HEAT VENTILATORS

  Sec. 12-4-100.

  (a) Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standard set forth herein for stage and platform smoke or heat ventilators are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations.

  (b) Scope. This standard covers ventilators and shutters designed to open under conditions of excessive smoke or heat to provide openings for the release to the atmosphere of accumulated smoke or heat.

  A smoke or heat ventilator covered by this standard consists of a prefabricated frame of metal or other noncombustible materials; a cover of noncombustible or plastic materials; an automatic releasing device; and the control rigging. The control rigging may include electrically operated units for normal opening and closing.

  (c) Tested and listed component parts. Component parts, devices, combinations of devices and electrical equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved testing agency for the intended purpose need not be individually retested. Such individually tested and listed component parts, devices and equipment shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine their suitability for use in the smoke or heat ventilator.

  (d) Alternate constructions. Ventilators having materials or forms of construction differing from this standard may be investigated and tested in accordance with these regulations, and if found to be substantially equivalent in performance may be given recognition for approval.

• CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text

  The latch shall continue to extend the roller throughout the test without any failure. The opening pressure at the end of the test shall not be less than 15 pounds. 3. Installation. Doors utilizing roller latches shall be installed in doors hung in steel frames only. Frame jambs shall be anchored to the floor to prevent spreading of the jambs. In other than concrete fill floors the jambs shall be anchored to a steel sill or steel floor plate extending between the jambs to prevent spreading of the frame. Horizontal bracing shall be provided in the wall in back of the strike.

  THICKNESS OF COATINGS TESTS

  Sec. 12-10-205. The thickness of cadmium, zinc or bronze plated coatings applied for corrosion resistance may be determined by either of the following methods:

  1. Cross sections of coated samples cut at 90 exposed edges polished and thickness measured with a suitable microscope and scale.

  2. Dropping test of a suitable reagent at a definite rate until coating is penetrated. The thickness is calculated from the known characteristics of the reagent at the observed temperature and time required for the end point to appear.

  Thickness testing shall not apply to other processes having equal corrosion resistance; acceptance shall be determined by comparison in salt fog atmosphere per ASTM Method B-117.

  MARKING

  Sec. 12-10-206. The name of the manufacturer, or trademark by which the manufacturer can be readily identified, shall be legibly marked on the latch or lock where it can be seen after installation. When the manufacturer produces similar devices, the type, model

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  EXITS

  number or letter designation identifying the listed product shall be legibly marked on the latch or case. Such identification may be an approved marking or label on the case.

  FIGURE 12-10-2.1 — STATIC LOADING FIXTURE

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  EXITS

  FIGURE 12-10-2-2—ENDURANCE LIFE TESTING APPARATUS

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  EMERGENCY EXIT AND PANIC HARDWARE

  STANDARD 12-10-3

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SCOPE

  Sec. 12-10-300.

  (a) Exit door hardware. These requirements and methods of test apply to releasing devices actuated by a crossbar for outwardopening doors intended for use on exit doors.

  (b) Fire-exit hardware. Releasing devices intended for use on doors bearing a fire-retardant classification shall also conform to the construction standards and performance tests specified in Fire Door Assembly Tests, SFM 12-7-4, Section 12-7-400.

• CRSC § 12-10 Medium relevance — show source text

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  EXITS

  number or letter designation identifying the listed product shall be legibly marked on the latch or case. Such identification may be an approved marking or label on the case.

  FIGURE 12-10-2.1 — STATIC LOADING FIXTURE

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  EXITS

  FIGURE 12-10-2-2—ENDURANCE LIFE TESTING APPARATUS

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  EMERGENCY EXIT AND PANIC HARDWARE

  STANDARD 12-10-3

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SCOPE

  Sec. 12-10-300.

  (a) Exit door hardware. These requirements and methods of test apply to releasing devices actuated by a crossbar for outwardopening doors intended for use on exit doors.

  (b) Fire-exit hardware. Releasing devices intended for use on doors bearing a fire-retardant classification shall also conform to the construction standards and performance tests specified in Fire Door Assembly Tests, SFM 12-7-4, Section 12-7-400.

  (c) Listing by approved listing agency. Listing by an approved listing agency shall not be construed as necessarily indicating compliance in all respects with the requirements of these Construction Standards and Performance Tests for Emergency Exit and Panic Hardware. The test report of the listing agency may be filed for review and after evaluation, if it is found to provide evidence of conformance, the releasing device assembly may be recognized for approval and listing.

  INSTRUCTIONS

  Sec. 12-10-301. Approved installation instructions shall be provided by the manufacturer. Instructions shall be illustrated and shall include directions and information adequate for obtaining proper and safe installation of the equipment.

  DESIGN

  Sec. 12-10-302.

  (a) Releasing pressure. Exit panic hardware mechanisms shall be designed to release the door latch or latches when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied at any point along the cross-bar perpendicular to the door in the direction of exit travel. The cross-bar shall extend across not less than one-half the width of the door.

  (b) Locking device. A locking device employed as part of the mechanism shall not prevent release of the door latch or latches when pressure of not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.

  (c) Dead locking bolt. A dead locking bolt shall not be provided as a part of the mechanism unless it is released and retracted, and does not prevent release of the door latch or latches, or release of the door to swing outward when pressure not to exceed 15 pounds is applied to the cross-bar in the direction of exit travel.

  (d) Cross bar. The ends of the cross-bar shall be curved, guarded or otherwise designed to prevent catching on the clothing of persons during egress.

• CRSC § 12-8 Medium relevance — show source text

  (b) Materials intended for application to a wood surface are to be applied to a substrate made of 1 inch by 4 inches (25 mm by 101 mm) nominal “C” and better VG Douglas fir flooring (FSC 70 to 90) or to other species for which the surface burning characteristic is to be measured.

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  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  (c) Coating materials intended for application to particular combustible surfaces, but not wood, are to be applied to the specific surface for which they are intended. The coating material and combustible material are to be attached to the substrate board as specified in Section 12-8-1B.1 (d).

  (d) Coating materials intended only for field applications to nonflammable surfaces are to be applied to 0.5 in calcium silicate board.

  WALL COVERING MATERIAL

  Sec. 12-8-1B.6. Wall coverings such as vinyl coatings, wallpaper, etc., of various types are to be mounted on 0.625-inch (16 mm) gypsum wallboard or on the actual substrate to which they are to be applied, using the adhesive and application technique specified by the manufacturer.

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-1—TYPICAL STEEL FRAME SUPPORT SYSTEM

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-2—MATERIAL FASTENING TECHNIQUE

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  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-3—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR RIGID WALL MATERIALS

  Note: When required, additional fasteners may be used to hold up the specimen flush to the wall.

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  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-4—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR FLEXIBLE WALL MATERIALS

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  GUIDE TO MOUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR WALL AND CEILING INTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

  FIGURE 12-8-1B-5—TYPICAL MOUNTING TECHNIQUE FOR CEILING MATERIALS

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  POWER-OPERATED EXIT DOORS

  STANDARD 12-10-1

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SCOPE

  Sec. 12-10-100.

• CRSC § 12-16 Medium relevance — show source text

  CHAPTER 12-16-1 ENGINEERING REGULATIONS—QUALITY

  AND DESIGN OF THE MATERIALS OF

  CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

  CHAPTER 12-16-2 ENGINEERING REGULATIONS—QUALITY

  AND DESIGN OF THE MATERIALS OF

  CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

  CHAPTER 12-31C RADIATION SHIELDING STANDARDS . . 105

  CHAPTER 12-71 AIR FILTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

  CHAPTER 12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS . . . 109

  CHAPTER 12-72-2 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS . . . 123

  CHAPTER 12-72-3 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS . . . 133

  HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

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  PART 12 CROSS REFERENCE TABLE

  (Cross reference table is nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user.)

  PART 12 STANDARD	SUBJECT	ADOPTING AGENCY	ASSOCIATED TITLE 24 BUILDING STANDARD
  Chapter 12-3	Releasing systems for security bars in dwellings	SFM	Part 2, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7 Part 2.5, Sections R319.1.1 and R319.4.4 Part 9, Sections 1031.2.1, 1031.6, 1032.7 Appendix 4 Section 452.1.5 and Title 19 provisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 reprinted in Part 9 Part 10, Section 505.4
  Chapter 12-4A	Laboratory animal quarters standards	DPH	Part 2, Section 1236
  Chapter 12-4-1	Stage and Platforms	SFM	Part 2, Sections 410.2.7, 410.2.7.1, 410.2.7.2 Part 9, Sections 105.6.51, 4809
  Chapter 12-7-1	Fire-resistive standards.

• CRSC § 12-3 High relevance — show source text

  Exception: The security bars shall be allowed to be provided separately if the instruction manual complies with Section 12-3-13.2.

  12-3-3.2 The system shall be of a type capable of being readily maintained in proper operating condition.

  12-3-3.3 The system shall be designed to immediately unlatch the security bars when actuated. It shall be able to be operated from the inside of a building by the occupants without the use of tools, keys, or special knowledge or effort.

  12-3-3.4 The manual actuator used to release the security bars shall be designed to be mounted inside the dwelling unit for operation by the occupants. Covers or other barriers that can obstruct access to actuators shall not be provided if they inhibit the proper operation of the system.

  12-3-3.5 The release mechanism shall not depend on springs to release the latch, although springs are allowed to be provided to assist in the operation.

  12-3-3.6 The system shall be designed to prevent it from being locked in a closed position with a pad lock or similar device.

  12-3-3.7 Systems provided with an automatic actuating mechanism shall also include a manual release system that complies with these requirements. The automatic actuation portion of the system, even in the event of its failure, shall not inhibit operation of the manual releasing system.

  12-3-3.8 Manual actuation of the system shall release the security bars quickly and with simple, easily understood and intuitive motions. The system shall be capable of being operated in all lighting conditions.

  12-3-3.9 Manual actuation of the system shall not require two different forces to be applied at the same time, such as applying force to the actuator while also pushing on the bars. 12-3-3.10 When fully opened, the assembly shall provide a minimum clear opening of not less than 5.7 square feet (0.53 m [2] ) with the width not less than 20 inches (508 mm) and the height not less than 24 inches (610 mm), measured parallel to the plane of the opening.

  12-3-3.11 Security bars shall be constructed so that they do not swing up to open. They shall not include projections that can easily snag the clothing of those escaping through the opening.

  12-3-3.12 Security bars shall have been constructed such that a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter shall not pass through any opening and shall not create other potential head entrapment hazards.

  SECTION 12-3-4—MATERIALS

  12-3-4.1 The materials employed shall have adequate mechanical strength to perform their expected function.

  12-3-4.2 O-rings, gaskets and seals shall comply with UL Standard 157, 1996 Edition. Polymeric materials shall comply with UL Standard 746C, 1995 Edition, Section 25-27.

  Exception: O-rings, gaskets, seals and polymeric materials that are used as decorative parts, or whose failure will not affect the ability of the system to comply with these requirements.

  12-3-4.3 Components constructed of dissimilar metals shall not be used in applications where contact between them is likely to cause galvanic corrosion. The materials employed shall reduce the likelihood of the release mechanism becoming inoperative due to corrosion.

• CRSC § 12-3 Medium relevance — show source text

  12-3-3.11 Security bars shall be constructed so that they do not swing up to open. They shall not include projections that can easily snag the clothing of those escaping through the opening.

  12-3-3.12 Security bars shall have been constructed such that a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter shall not pass through any opening and shall not create other potential head entrapment hazards.

  SECTION 12-3-4—MATERIALS

  12-3-4.1 The materials employed shall have adequate mechanical strength to perform their expected function.

  12-3-4.2 O-rings, gaskets and seals shall comply with UL Standard 157, 1996 Edition. Polymeric materials shall comply with UL Standard 746C, 1995 Edition, Section 25-27.

  Exception: O-rings, gaskets, seals and polymeric materials that are used as decorative parts, or whose failure will not affect the ability of the system to comply with these requirements.

  12-3-4.3 Components constructed of dissimilar metals shall not be used in applications where contact between them is likely to cause galvanic corrosion. The materials employed shall reduce the likelihood of the release mechanism becoming inoperative due to corrosion.

  12-3-4.4 Ferrous metal parts shall be 300 series stainless steel or protected against corrosion using minimum G60 or A60 hot-dipped mil galvanization, 0.0104 mm thick zinc coating, 0.0127 mm thick cadmium coating or two coats of organic outdoor paint.

  4 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE

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  RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS

  12-3-4.5 Manual actuators.

  12-3-4.5.1 Security bar releasing assembly mechanisms shall include a manual actuation mechanism that is capable of unlatching the security bars so that they can be opened by the occupants. The actuating force shall be applied in one of the following

  manners:

  Finger actuated: Pushing with the index finger or pulling a loop with the index finger in a curled position.

  Hand actuated: Pulling, pushing, twisting, rotating or turning a lever, knob, handle, rod or similar actuator with the hand or multiple fingers.

  Foot actuated: Kicking, depressing or stepping on an actuating pedal, lever, stirrup or similar actuator.

  12-3-4.5.2 On foot-actuated systems, only a single foot motion shall be used to disengage the bar assembly from the latch. On finger- and hand-actuated systems, one or two distinct hand or finger motions shall be used to disengage the bar assembly from the latch.

  12-3-4.5.3 Releasing the actuator after the latch has been disengaged from the bar assembly shall not reengage the bar assembly.

  12-3-4.5.4 No features or methods shall be provided or referenced in the instruction manual to inhibit the operation of the releasing mechanism.

  12-3-4.6 Cables and connectors.

  12-3-4.6.1 Cables connecting actuators to latches and release mechanisms shall only be used in applications where the force transmitted by them during normal operation is less than [ 1] / 10 the manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression.

• CRSC § 1010.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  [BE] 1010.5.1 Capacity. Each turnstile or similar device shall be credited with a capacity based on not more than a 50-person occupant load where all of the following provisions are met:

  1. Each device shall turn free in the direction of egress travel when primary power is lost and on the manual release by an employee in the area.

  2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 10-29

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  MEANS OF EGRESS

  2. Such devices are not given credit for more than 50 percent of the required egress capacity or width.
  3. Each device is not more than 39 inches (991 mm) high.
  4. Each device has not less than 16 [1] / 2 inches (419 mm) clear width at and below a height of 39 inches (991 mm) and not less than 22 inches (559 mm) clear width at heights above 39 inches (991 mm).

  [BE] 1010.5.1.1 Clear width. Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall have not less than 36 inches (914 mm) clear width at and below a height of 34 inches (864 mm), not less than 32 inches (813 mm) clear width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.

  [BE] 1010.5.2 Security access turnstiles. Security access turnstiles that inhibit travel in the direction of egress utilizing a physical barrier shall be permitted to be considered as a component of the means of egress, provided that all of the following criteria are met:

  1. The building is protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

  2. Each security access turnstile lane configuration has a minimum clear passage width of 22 inches (559 mm).

  3. Any security access turnstile lane configuration providing a clear passage width of less than 32 inches (810 mm) shall be credited with a maximum egress capacity of 50 persons.

  4. Any security access turnstile lane configuration providing a clear passage width of 32 inches (810 mm) or more shall be credited with a maximum egress capacity as calculated in accordance with Section 1005.

  5. Each secured physical barrier shall automatically retract or swing to an unobstructed open position in the direction of egress, under each of the following conditions: 5.1. Upon loss of power to the turnstile or any part of the access control system that secures the physical barrier. 5.2. Upon actuation of a clearly identified manual release device with ready access that results in direct interruption of power to each secured physical barrier, after which such barriers remain in the open position for not less than 30 seconds. The manual release device shall be positioned at one of the following locations: 5.2.1. On the egress side of each security access turnstile lane. 5.2.2. At an approved location where it can be actuated by an employee assigned to the area at all times that the building is occupied. 5.3. Upon actuation of the building fire alarm system, if provided, after which the physical barrier remains in the open position until the fire alarm system is manually reset.

• CRSC § 18.6 Medium relevance — show source text

  R319.1 Emergency escape and rescue opening required. Basements, habitable attics, the room to which a sleeping loft is open, and every sleeping room shall have not less than one operable emergency escape and rescue opening. Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be required in each sleeping room. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall open directly into a public way, or to a yard or court that opens to a public way.

  Exceptions [SFM]: 1. Basements with a ceiling height of less than 80 inches (2032 mm) shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings. 2. Emergency escape and rescue openings are not required from basements or sleeping rooms that have an exit door or exit access door that opens directly into a public way or to a yard, court or exterior egress balcony that opens to a public way. 3. Basements without habitable spaces and having not more than 200 square feet (18.6 m [2] ) in floor area shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings. 4. Storm shelters are not required to comply with this section where the shelter is constructed in accordance with ICC 500. 5. Where the dwelling unit or townhouse unit is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section R309, sleeping rooms in basements shall not be required to have emergency escape and rescue openings provided that the basement has one of the following: 5.1. One means of egress complying with Section R318 and one emergency escape and rescue opening. 5.2. Two means of egress complying with Section R318.

  R319.1.1 Operational constraints and opening control devices. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be maintained free of any obstructions other than those allowed by this section and shall be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys, tools or special knowledge. Window opening control devices and fall prevention devices complying with ASTM F2090 shall be permitted for use on windows serving as a required emergency escape and rescue opening and shall be not more than 70 inches (178 cm) above the finished floor. The release mechanism shall be maintained operable at all times.

  Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.

  Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of this code.

  R319.2 Emergency escape and rescue openings. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have minimum dimensions in accordance with Sections R319.2.1 through R319.2.4.

  R319.2.1 Minimum size. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a net clear opening of not less than 5.7 square feet (0.530 m [2] ).

  Exception: The minimum net clear opening for grade-floor emergency escape and rescue openings shall be 5 square feet (0.465 m [2] ).

  R319.2.2 Minimum dimensions. The minimum net clear opening height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The minimum net clear opening width dimension shall be 20 inches (508 mm). The net clear opening dimensions shall be the result of normal operation of the opening.

• CRSC § 7.62 Medium relevance — show source text

  2. For occupancies in Groups R-2 and R-3, within the interior conditioned space of individual dwelling units, where the open-sided walking surface is located not more than 25 feet (7.62 meters) measured vertically to the floor or walking surface below, required guards shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height measured vertically above the adjacent walking surface. 3. For occupancies in Group R-3, and within individual dwelling units in occupancies in Group R-2, where the top of the guard serves as a handrail on the open sides of stairs, the top of the guard shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the nosings. 4. The guard height in assembly seating areas shall comply with Section 1030.17 as applicable. 5. Along alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders, guards where the top rail serves as a handrail shall have height not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm), measured vertically from a line connecting the leading edge of the treads. 6. In Group F occupancies where exit access stairways serve fewer than three stories and such stairways are not open to the public, and where the top of the guard also serves as a handrail, the top of the guard shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the nosings.

  [BE] 1015.4 Opening limitations. Required guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter from the walking surface to the required guard height.

  Exceptions:

  1. From a height of 36 inches (914 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm), guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 [3] / 8 inches (111 mm) in diameter.
  2. The triangular openings at the open sides of a stair, formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail shall not allow passage of a sphere 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter.
  3. At elevated walking surfaces for access to and use of electrical, mechanical or plumbing systems or equipment, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
  4. In areas that are not open to the public within occupancies in Group I-3, F, H or S, and for alternating tread devices and ship’s ladders, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
  5. In assembly seating areas, guards required at the end of aisles in accordance with Section 1030.17.4 shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter up to a height of 26 inches (660 mm). From a height of 26 inches (660 mm) to 42 inches (1067 mm) above the adjacent walking surfaces, guards shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter.
  6. Within individual dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, guards on the open sides of stairs shall not have openings that allow passage of a sphere 4 [3] / 8 (111 mm) inches in diameter. 7. [SFM] In lifeguard towers not open to the public, guards shall not have openings which allow passage of a sphere 21 inches (533 mm) in diameter.
• CRSC § 4.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  R319.4.2.2 Steps. Steps shall have an inside width of not less than 12 inches (305 mm), a minimum tread depth of 5 inches (127 mm) and a maximum riser height of 18 inches (457 mm) for the full height of the area well.

  R319.4.3 Drainage. Area wells shall be designed for proper drainage by connecting to the building’s foundation drainage system required by Section R405.1.

  Exception: A drainage system for area wells is not required where the foundation is on well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils, as detailed in Table R401.4.1(2).

  R319.4.4 Bars, grilles, covers and screens. Where bars, grilles, covers, screens or similar devices are placed over emergency escape and rescue openings, bulkhead enclosures or area wells that serve such openings, the minimum net clear opening size shall comply with Sections R319.2 through R319.2.2 and R319.4.1. Such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key or tool or force greater than that required for the normal operation of the escape and rescue opening. The release mechanism shall be maintained operable at all times.

  Such bars, grills, grates or any similar devices shall be equipped with an approved exterior release device for use by the fire department only when required by the authority having jurisdiction.

  Where security bars (burglar bars) are installed on emergency egress and rescue windows or doors, on or after July 1, 2000, such devices shall comply with California Building Standards Code, Part 12, Chapter 12-3 and other applicable provisions of this code.

  R319.5 Replacement windows for emergency escape and rescue openings. Replacement for emergency escape and rescue openings installed in buildings meeting the scope of this code shall be exempt from Sections R319.2 and R319.4.4, provided that the replacement window meets the following conditions:

  1. The replacement window is the manufacturer’s largest standard size window that will fit within the existing frame or existing rough opening. The replacement window shall be permitted to be of the same operating style as the existing window or a style that provides for an equal or greater window opening area than the existing window.
  2. The replacement window is not part of a change of occupancy.

  R319.5.1 Window opening control device and fall protection device height. Window opening control devices or fall protection devices shall be located at a height in accordance with Section R319.1.1 or at as low a height as the device can be installed within the existing clear opening.

  R319.6 Dwelling additions. Where dwelling unit additions contain sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be provided in each new sleeping room. Where dwelling unit additions have basements, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be provided in the new basement.

  Exceptions:

  1. An emergency escape and rescue opening is not required in a new basement that contains a sleeping room with an emergency escape and rescue opening.
  2. An emergency escape and rescue opening is not required in a new basement where there is an emergency escape and rescue opening in an existing basement that is accessed from the new basement.
  3. An operable window complying with Section R319.7.1 shall be acceptable as an emergency escape and rescue opening.
• California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text

  3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 57/8″ pitch
  with7/8″ concrete cover;3/8″ main rein-
  forcement bars at 41/2″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ concrete cover;
  13′1″ span restrained.|195 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-4-RC-7|4″|4″ (5025 psi) concrete deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with3/4″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|140 psf|1 hr
  16 min|||7|1, 2|11/4| |F/C-4-RC-8|4″|4″ thick (4905 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|100 psf|1 hr
  23 min|||7|1, 2|11/3| |F/C-4-RC-9|4″|4″ deep (4370 psi);1/4″ reinforcement bars
  at 6″ pitch with3/4″ cover;1/4″ main rein-
  forcement bars at 4″ pitch perpendicular
  with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-10|4″|4″ thick (5140 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
  ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
  main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
  perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|140 psf|1 hr
  16 min|||7|1, 5|11/4| |F/C-4-RC-11|4″|4″ thick (4000 psi) concrete deck;
  3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
  with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
  reinforcement 1″ from bottom of slab; 6′6″
  span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-12|4″|4″ deep (2380 psi) concrete deck;
  3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.

• California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text

  ; 2′6″ C.R.S. with 1″ cover on
  both top and bottom flanges; 12′ span
  simply supported.|115 psf|29 min|||7|1, 5,
  13|1/4| |F/C-6-RC-31|6″|6″ deep (3450 psi) concrete deck; 4″ ×
  13/4″ × 5 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S. with 1″ cover
  on both top and bottom flanges; 12′ span
  simply supported.|25 psf|3 hrs
  35 min|||7|1, 2|31/2| |F/C-6-RC-32|6″|6″ deep (4460 psi) concrete deck; 4″ ×
  13/4″ × 5 lbs R.S.J.; 2′ C.R.S. with 1″ cover
  on both top and bottom flanges; 12′ span
  simply supported.|60 psf|4 hrs
  30 min|||7|1, 10|41/2| |F/C-6-RC-33|6″|6″ deep (4360 psi) concrete deck; 4″ × 13/4″
  × 5 lbs R.S.J.; 2′ C.R.S. with 1″ cover on
  both top and bottom flanges; 13′1″ span
  restrained.|60 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-6-RC-34|61/4″|61/4″ thick; 43/4″ (5120 psi) concrete core;
  1″ T&G board flooring;1/2″ plaster under-
  coat; 4″ × 3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush
  with top surface concrete; 12′ span simply
  supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
  insert.|100 psf|4 hrs|||7|1, 7|4| |F/C-6-RC-35|61/4″|43/4″ (3600 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
  board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
  3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S. flush with top
  surface concrete; 12′ span simply
  supported; 2″ × 1′3″ clinker concrete
  insert.|100 psf|2 hrs
  30 min|||7|1, 5|21/2| |F/C-6-RC-36|61/4″|43/4″ (2800 psi) concrete core; 1″ T&G
  board flooring;1/2″ plaster undercoat; 4″ ×
  3″ × 10 lbs R.S.J.; 3′ C.R.S.

• CRSC § 1011.7.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  [BE] 1011.7.1 Stairway walking surface. The walking surface of treads and landings of a stairway shall not be sloped steeper than 1 unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in any direction. Stairway treads and landings shall have a solid surface. Finish floor surfaces shall be securely attached.

  Exceptions:

  1. Openings in stair walking surfaces shall be a size that does not permit the passage of [1] / 2 -inch-diameter (12.7 mm) sphere. Elongated openings shall be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the direction of travel.
  2. In Group F, H and S occupancies, other than areas of parking structures accessible to the public, openings in treads and landings shall not be prohibited provided that a sphere with a diameter of 1 [1] / 8 inches (29 mm) cannot pass through the opening.

  [BE] 1011.7.2 Outdoor conditions. Outdoor stairways and outdoor approaches to stairways shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on walking surfaces.

  [BE] 1011.7.3 Enclosures under interior stairways. The walls and soffits within enclosed usable spaces under enclosed and unenclosed stairways shall be protected by 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or the fire-resistance rating of the stairway enclosure, whichever is greater. Access to the enclosed space shall not be directly from within the stairway enclosure.

  Exception: Spaces under stairways serving and contained within a single residential dwelling unit in Group R-2 or R-3 shall be permitted to be protected on the enclosed side with [1] / 2 -inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board.

  [BE] 1011.7.4 Enclosures under exterior stairways. There shall not be enclosed usable space under exterior exit stairways unless the space is completely enclosed in 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. The open space under exterior stairways shall not be used for any purpose.

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  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MEANS OF EGRESS

  [BE] 1011.8 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings.

  Exception: Spiral stairways used as a means of egress from technical production areas.

  [BE] 1011.9 Curved stairways. Curved stairways with winder treads shall have treads and risers in accordance with Section 1011.5 and the smallest radius shall be not less than twice the minimum width or required capacity of the stairway.

  Exception: The radius restriction shall not apply to curved stairways in Group R-3 and within individual dwelling units in Group R-2.