CHBC · California Historical Building Code

Ramp and lift alternatives: permitted slopes and maximum horizontal distances

For qualified historic buildings the CHBC (§ 8-603.6) permits either a lift or a ramp up to 1:10 for a horizontal run no greater than 5 ft, or a 1:6 ramp only for very short runs (no more than 13 in); both require signs at top and bottom, and any use of these alternatives must be documented and approved.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — plain English

The California Historical Building Code allows limited alternatives to standard ramps for qualified historic buildings. Specifically, § 8-603.6 permits either a lift or a ramp up to 1:10 slope for horizontal distances not to exceed 5 feet, or alternatively access by ramps at 1:6 slope only for very short horizontal distances not to exceed 13 inches. Signs must be posted at the upper and lower levels to indicate the steepness of the slope. § 8-603.6

The bottom line: you may use a lift or a steeper-than-standard ramp, but the CHBC strictly limits how steep and how far those ramps can run — no steeper than 1:10 for up to 5 ft, or 1:6 only for up to 13 in. (and both require signage). § 8-603.6

Requirements in detail

Key defined terms (as used here)

  • Ramp — an inclined walking surface used for vertical access.
  • Lift — a platform-type device used in lieu of a ramp to traverse a vertical difference.
  • Slope — expressed as vertical rise : horizontal run (for example, 1:10 means 1 unit up for every 10 units out).
  • Horizontal distance — the run (projection) of the ramp, measured horizontally.

Allowed alternatives (decision table)

Alternative (priority order) Permitted slope Maximum horizontal distance Signs required? Code reference
1. Lift or a ramp of greater-than-standard slope but no greater than 1:10 up to 1:10 not to exceed 5 ft (1525 mm) Yes — post at upper & lower levels § 8-603.6
2. Access by ramps of 1:6 slope 1:6 not to exceed 13 in (330 mm) Yes — post at upper & lower levels § 8-603.6

Notes:

  • The alternatives are listed “in order of priority” in § 8-603.6; a lift or a 1:10 ramp is the first-priority alternative, and the 1:6 short ramp is a secondary option. § 8-603.6
  • The CHBC requires signage at both the upper and lower levels for these steeper ramps or lifts, to indicate steepness. § 8-603.6

How to read the distances

  • 5 feet (1525 mm) is the maximum horizontal projection allowed when using a ramp that is no steeper than 1:10 (or when using a lift instead).
  • 13 inches (330 mm) is the absolute maximum horizontal projection allowed when using a ramp at 1:6 — this is a very short run and therefore will only accommodate very small vertical changes.

Exceptions & special cases

  • These CHBC alternatives apply only to qualified historical buildings/properties and are intended to be used when strict compliance with the regular accessibility code would threaten or destroy historical features; they do not apply to new construction. See the CHBC application/scope provisions (e.g., § 8-601.3, § 8-602.1) for context.
  • Level landings in front of doors are not waived by these alternatives except as specifically allowed elsewhere (see § 8-603.2 and the power-assisted door provision § 8-603.4). Do not assume ramp alternatives replace required level landings unless that exception is expressly cited and documented. § 8-603.2, § 8-603.4
  • Any use of alternatives should be documented and applied on an item-by-item / case-by-case basis; the enforcement authority requires documentation explaining why regular code would threaten or destroy historical significance. See § 8-602.2 for documentation requirements. § 8-602.2
  • The CHBC permits equivalent facilitation (other designs/technologies) where applying § 8-603 alternatives would threaten historic features; that process is described in § 8-604. § 8-604

Common mistakes

  • Assuming “steeper ramp allowed” means any slope is acceptable — CHBC caps the steeper ramp at 1:10 (and only for a horizontal run up to 5 ft). § 8-603.6
  • Confusing horizontal distance limits: 5 ft applies to the 1:10 option; 13 in (not feet) applies to the 1:6 option. Always check units. § 8-603.6
  • Neglecting signage: both allowed alternatives require signs at upper and lower levels indicating slope steepness — do not omit signs. § 8-603.6
  • Forgetting that documentation and approval are required when using CHBC alternatives — these are not automatic waivers of the regular code. See § 8-602.2.
  • Assuming related ramp features (handrails, landings, guard requirements) are fully relaxed — CHBC gives specific alternatives only where stated; other applicable requirements or safety regulations (including Title 8 lift standards or CBC provisions) still may apply and should be checked with the enforcing authority.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: historic public entrance has a 3‑inch vertical rise that must be made accessible.

Step 1 — Check the 1:10 option:

  • At 1:10, horizontal run = rise × 10 = 3 in × 10 = 30 in (2.5 ft).
  • CHBC allows up to 5 ft (60 in) of horizontal run for the 1:10 option, so 30 in ≤ 60 in — this meets the § 8-603.6 1:10 alternative. § 8-603.6

Step 2 — Check the 1:6 option:

  • At 1:6, horizontal run = rise × 6 = 3 in × 6 = 18 in.
  • CHBC allows 1:6 only for horizontal distances not to exceed 13 in, so 18 in > 13 in — this does NOT meet the § 8-603.6 1:6 alternative. § 8-603.6

Conclusion: For a 3-inch rise, you may provide a ramp at 1:10 with a 30‑inch horizontal run (and post signage), because it is within the CHBC 1:10 / 5 ft limit. The 1:6 option would not be permitted for this rise because it requires more than the allowable 13‑inch run. § 8-603.6

Another quick check: if the rise were 9 in, a 1:10 ramp needs 90 in (7.5 ft) horizontal run — but CHBC limits the 1:10 option to 5 ft, so a ramp would not be allowed under § 8-603.6; a lift or another approved equivalent facilitation would need to be considered. § 8-603.6, § 8-604

Related provisions (CHBC sections you should review)

  • § 8-603.2 — Entry alternatives and level landing caveat (level landings in front of doors remain required except where specifically allowed).
  • § 8-603.4 — Power-assisted doors as an equivalent to level landings and door-opening forces.
  • § 8-603.3 — Door clearances and door alternatives (priority list) — relevant when considering approach conditions.
  • § 8-602.2 — Documentation and item-by-item application of alternatives (must be retained in the enforcing agency file).
  • § 8-604 — Equivalent facilitation: use of other designs/technologies when 8-603 alternatives would threaten character-defining features.

(These sections explain scope, documentation, and other non-ramp alternatives that commonly interact with ramp/lift decisions.)

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Historical Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CHBC § 8-603.2 High relevance — show source text

    8-603.2 Entry. These alternatives do not allow exceptions for the requirement of level landings in front of doors, except as provided in Section 8-603.4.

    1. Access to any entrance used by the general public and no further than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from the primary entrance.
    2. Access at any entrance not used by the general public but open and unlocked with directional signs at the primary entrance and as close as possible to, but no further than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from, the primary entrance.
    3. The accessible entrance shall have a notification system. Where security is a problem, remote monitoring may be used.

    8-603.3 Doors. Alternatives listed in order of priority are:

    1. Single-leaf door which provides a minimum 30 inches (762 mm) of clear opening.
    2. Single-leaf door which provides a minimum 29 [1] / 2 inches (749 mm) clear opening
    3. Double door, one leaf of which provides a minimum 29 [1] / 2 inches (749 mm) clear opening.
    4. Double doors operable with a power-assist device to provide a minimum 29 [1] / 2 inches (749 mm) clear opening when both doors are in the open position.

    8-603.4 Power-assisted doors. Power-assisted door or doors may be considered an equivalent alternative to level landings, strikeside clearance and door-opening forces required by the regular code.

    8-603.5 Toilet rooms. In lieu of separate-gender toilet facilities as required in the regular code, an accessible unisex toilet facility may be designated.

    8-603.6 Exterior and interior ramps and lifts. Alternatives listed in order of priority are:

    1. A lift or a ramp of greater than standard slope but no greater than 1:10, for horizontal distances not to exceed 5 feet (1525 mm). Signs shall be posted at upper and lower levels to indicate steepness of the slope.
    2. Access by ramps of 1:6 slope for horizontal distance not to exceed 13 inches (330 mm). Signs shall be posted at upper and lower levels to indicate steepness of the slope.

    2025 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE 11

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    ACCESSIBILITY

    SECTION 8-604 — EQUIVALENT FACILITATION

    Use of other designs and technologies, or deviation from particular technical and scoping requirements, are permitted if the application of the alternative provisions contained in Section 8-603 would threaten or destroy the historical significance or characterdefining features of the historical building or property.

    1. Such alternatives shall be applied only on an item-by- item or a case-by-case basis.
    2. Access provided by experiences, services, functions, materials and resources through methods including, but not limited to, maps, plans, videos, virtual reality and related equipment, at accessible levels. The alternative design and/or technologies used will provide substantially equivalent or greater accessibility to, and usability of, the facility.
    3. The official charged with the enforcement of the standards shall document the reasons for the application of the design and/or technologies and their effect on the historical significance or character-defining features. Such documentation shall be in accordance with Section 8-602.2, Item 2, and shall include the opinion and comments of state or local accessibility officials, and the opinion and comments of representative local groups of people with disabilities. Such documentation shall be retained in the permanent file of the enforcing agency.
  • CHBC § 8-603.2 High relevance — show source text

    36.
    **8-603.2 Entry.**These alternatives do not allow exceptions for the requirement of level land-
    ings in front of doors, except as provided in Section 8-603.4.
    1.Access to any entrance used by the general public and no further than 200 feet (60 960
    mm) from the primary entrance.
    2.Access at any entrance not used by general public but open and unlocked with
    directional signs at the primary entrance and as close as possible to, but no further than
    200 feet (60 960 mm) from, the primary entrance.
    3.The accessible entrance shall have a notification system. Where security is a problem,
    remote monitoring may be used.|Applies|Applies|Applies| |**8-603.3 Doors.**Alternatives listed in order of priority are:
    1.Single-leaf door which provides a minimum 30 inches (762 mm) of clear opening.
    2.Single-leaf door which provides a minimum 291/2 inches (749 mm) clear opening.
    3.Double door, one leaf of which provides a minimum 291/2 inches (749 mm) clear
    opening.
    4.Double doors operable with a power-assist device to provide a minimum 291/2 inches
    (749 mm) clear opening when both doors are in the open position.
    **Exception:**Alternatives in this section do not apply to alteration of commercial facilities
    and places of public accommodation (Title III entities).|Does not
    apply|Does not
    apply|Applies|

    2025 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE 25

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX A

    TABLE 1—PROVISION APPLICABILITY—continued Col2 Col3 Col4
    Title II
    Public Entities    		 Title III
    Private Entities    		 Title III
    Barrier Removal
    **8-603.4 Power-assisted doors.**Power-assisted door or doors may be considered an
    equivalent alternative to level landings, strikeside clearance and door-opening forces
    required by regular code.
    8-603.5 Toilet rooms. In lieu of separate-gender toilet facilities as required in the regular
    code, an accessible unisex toilet may be designated.
    **8-603.6 Exterior and interior ramps and lifts.**Alternatives listed in order of priority are:
    1.A lift or a ramp of greater than standard slope but no greater than 1:10, for horizontal
    distances not to exceed 5 feet (1525 mm). Signs shall be posted at upper and lower
    levels to indicate steepness of the slope.
    2.Access by ramps of 1:6 slope for horizontal distance not to exceed 13 inches (330 mm).
    Signs shall be posted at upper and lower levels to indicate steepness of the slope.    		 Applies Applies Applies
    SECTION 8-604 — EQUIVALENT FACILITATION
    Use of other designs and technologies, or deviation from particular technical and scoping
    requirements, are permitted if the application of the alternative provisions contained in
    Section 8-603 would threaten or destroy the historical significance or character-defining
    features of the qualified historical building or property.
    1.Such alternatives shall be applied only on an item-by-item or case-by-case basis.
    2.Access provided by experiences, services, functions,
  • CHBC § 8-603.5 High relevance — show source text

    **Power-assisted door or doors may be considered an
    equivalent alternative to level landings, strikeside clearance and door-opening forces
    required by regular code.
    8-603.5 Toilet rooms. In lieu of separate-gender toilet facilities as required in the regular
    code, an accessible unisex toilet may be designated.
    **8-603.6 Exterior and interior ramps and lifts.**Alternatives listed in order of priority are:
    1.A lift or a ramp of greater than standard slope but no greater than 1:10, for horizontal
    distances not to exceed 5 feet (1525 mm). Signs shall be posted at upper and lower
    levels to indicate steepness of the slope.
    2.Access by ramps of 1:6 slope for horizontal distance not to exceed 13 inches (330 mm).
    Signs shall be posted at upper and lower levels to indicate steepness of the slope.|Applies|Applies|Applies| |SECTION 8-604 — EQUIVALENT FACILITATION
    Use of other designs and technologies, or deviation from particular technical and scoping
    requirements, are permitted if the application of the alternative provisions contained in
    Section 8-603 would threaten or destroy the historical significance or character-defining
    features of the qualified historical building or property.
    1.Such alternatives shall be applied only on an item-by-item or case-by-case basis.
    2.Access provided by experiences, services, functions, materials and resources through
    methods including, but not limited to, maps, plans, videos, virtual reality and related
    equipment, at accessible levels. The alternative design and/or technologies used will
    provide substantially equivalent or greater accessibility to, and usability of, the
    facility.
    3.The official charged with the enforcement of the standards shall document the reasons
    for the application of the design and/or technologies and their effect on the historical
    significance or character-defining features. Such documentation shall be in accordance
    with Section 8-602.2, Item 2, and shall include the opinion and comments of state or
    local accessibility officials, and the opinion and comments of representative local
    groups of people with disabilities. Such documentation shall be retained in the
    permanent file of the enforcing agency. Copies of the required documentation should
    be available at the facility upon request.
    ** Note:**For commercial facilities and places of public accommodation
    (Title III entities).
    Equivalent facilitation for an element of a building or property when applied as a waiver
    of an ADA accessibility requirement will not be entitled to the Federal Department of
    Justice certification of this code as rebuttable evidence of compliance for that element.|Applies|Waivers
    If a builder
    applies for a
    waiver of an ADA
    accessibility
    requirement for
    an element of a
    building, he or
    she will not be
    entitled to
    certification’s
    rebuttable
    evidence of
    compliance for
    that element. This
    limitation on the
    certification
    determination
    should be noted
    in any publication
    of Chapter 8-6 if
    certification is
    granted.|Applies| |**Notes:**The regular code for Chapter 8-6 is contained in Title 24, Part 2, Vol.1, Chapter 11B, which contain standards for new construction.
    Provisions of this chapter may be used in conjunction with all other provisions of the regular code and ADA regulations.

  • CHBC § 25.4 High relevance — show source text

    ″|27′-0″|28′-1″|22′-11″|22′-6″|18′-4″|19′-4″|15′-9″| |1200S162-68|34′-0″|29′-8″|30′-8″|26′-9″|26′-6″|21′-7″|22′-8″|18′-6″| |For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    a. Table provides maximum horizontal rafter spans in feet and inches for slopes between 3:12 and 12:12.
    b. Deflection criteria:L/240 for live loads and_L_/180 for total loads.
    c. Roof dead load = 12 psf.
    d. Grade 33 ksi steel is permitted to be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses. Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thicknesses.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    a. Table provides maximum horizontal rafter spans in feet and inches for slopes between 3:12 and 12:12.
    b. Deflection criteria:L/240 for live loads and_L_/180 for total loads.
    c. Roof dead load = 12 psf.
    d. Grade 33 ksi steel is permitted to be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses. Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thicknesses.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    a. Table provides maximum horizontal rafter spans in feet and inches for slopes between 3:12 and 12:12.
    b. Deflection criteria:L/240 for live loads and_L_/180 for total loads.
    c. Roof dead load = 12 psf.
    d. Grade 33 ksi steel is permitted to be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses. Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thicknesses.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    a. Table provides maximum horizontal rafter spans in feet and inches for slopes between 3:12 and 12:12.
    b. Deflection criteria:L/240 for live loads and_L_/180 for total loads.
    c. Roof dead load = 12 psf.
    d. Grade 33 ksi steel is permitted to be used for 33 mil and 43 mil thicknesses. Grade 50 ksi steel shall be used for 54 and 68 mil thicknesses.|For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 kPa.
    a. Table provides maximum horizontal rafter spans in feet and inches for slopes between 3:12 and 12:12.
    b.

  • CHBC § 8.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    2 ft**|Hvs ≤ 8.2 ft|8.2 ft <****Hvs ≤ 16.4 ft|8.2 ft <****Hvs ≤ 16.4 ft|16.4 ft <****Hvs|16.4 ft <****Hvs| |Vbz/Az ≤
    (CFM/ft2)|As/Al
    ≤ 0.5    |As/Al
    > 0.5    |As/Al
    ≤ 0.5    |As/Al
    > 0.5    |As/Al
    ≤ 0.5    |As/Al
    > 0.5    | |0.2|2.0|1.3|1.3|0.8|0.9|0.6| |0.4|4.0|2.6|2.5|1.6|1.8|1.2| |0.6|6.0|3.9|3.8|2.5|2.7|1.7| |0.8|8.0|5.2|5.0|3.3|3.6|2.3| |1.1|11.0|7.1|6.9|4.5|4.9|3.2|

    For SI unit: 1 cubic foot per minute = 0.0283 m [3] /min, 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot = 5.08 [(L/s)/m [2] ], 1 square foot = 0.0929 m [2], 1 foot = 304.8 mm,

    Where:

    Vbz = breathing zone outdoor airflow, per Table 402.1. Az = zone floor area, the net occupiable floor area of the ventilation zone. Hvs = vertical separation between the center of the top and bottom openings’ free operable area; in case of multiple horizontally spaced pairs of openings, use shortest distance encountered. As = openable area of smallest opening (top or bottom); in case of multiple horizontally spaced pairs of top-and-bottom openings, use aggregated areas. Al = openable area of largest opening (top or bottom); in case of multiple horizontally spaced pairs of top-and-bottom openings, use aggregated areas.

    • Volumetric airflow rates used to estimate required operable area are based on the following:

    • Dry-air density of 0.075 lbda/ft [3] (1.2 kgda/m [3] ) at a barometric pressure of 1 atm (101.3 kPa) and an air temperature of 70°F (21°C)

    • Temperature difference between indoors and outdoors of 1.8°F (1°C)

    • Gravity constant of 32.2 ft/s [2] (9.81m/s [2] )

    • Window discharge coefficient of 0.6

    ical ventilation systems shall include controls, manual or automatic, that enable the fan system to operate wherever the spaces served are occupied. The system shall be designed to maintain minimum outdoor airflow as required by Section 403.0 under any load conditions.

  • CHBC § 11A-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    If a curb ramp is located where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, then it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of the flare shall be 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp. See Figures 11A-3A through 11A-3L.

    1112A.6 Level landing. A level landing 48 inches (1219 mm) deep shall be provided at the upper end of each curb ramp over its full width to permit safe egress from the ramp surface, or the slope of the fanned or flared sides of the curb ramp, shall not exceed 1 unit vertical to 12 units horizontal (8.33-percent slope).

    1112A.7 Finish. The surface of each curb ramp and its flared sides shall be stable, firm and slip-resistant and shall be of contrasting finish from that of the adjacent sidewalk.

    1112A.8 Border. All curb ramps shall have a grooved border 12 inches (305 mm) wide at the level surface of the sidewalk along the top and each side approximately [3] / 4 inch (19 mm) on center. All curb ramps constructed between the face of the curb and the street shall have a grooved border at the level surface of the sidewalk. See Figures 11A-3A through 11A-3K.

    1112A.9 Detectable warnings. See Chapter 11B.

    SECTION 1113A—WALKS AND SIDEWALKS ON ACCESSIBLE ROUTES

    1113A.1 Width and continuous surface. Walks and sidewalks subject to this chapter shall have a continuous common surface, not inter- rupted by steps or by abrupt changes in level exceeding [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm). (See Section 1111A).

    Walking surfaces shall be stable, firm and slip resistant, and shall comply with Section 1110A.3.

    1113A.1.1 Width. Walks and sidewalks shall be a minimum of 48 inches (1219 mm) in width, except that walks serving an individual dwelling unit in covered multifamily buildings may be reduced to 36 inches (914 mm) in clear width except at doors.

    1113A.1.2 Surface cross slopes. Surface cross slopes shall not exceed 1 unit vertical in 48 units horizontal (2.083-percent slope).

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 11A-9

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY

    1113A.2 Walks with continuous gradients. All walks on an accessible route with continuous gradients shall have level areas at least 60 inches (1524 mm) in length at intervals of at least every 400 feet (122 m).

    1113A.3 Five percent gradient. When the slope in the direction of travel of any walk on an accessible route exceeds 1 unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), it shall comply with the ramp provisions of Section 1114A.

  • CHBC § 11.5 Medium relevance — show source text

    5-foot
    level of storage
    3.
    Locate in
    longitudinal flue
    space,
    staggered
    vertical
    4.
    Shields required
    where multiple-
    level|1.
    Ordinary
    temperature,
    quick-response
    sprinklers,
    maximum 8 feet
    3 inches
    horizontal
    spacing
    2.
    One line of
    sprinklers at the
    6-foot level and
    the 11.5-foot
    level of storage
    3.
    Locate in
    longitudinal flue
    space,
    staggered
    vertical
    4.
    Shields required
    where multiple-
    level| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
    CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
    OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Maximum
    spacing|Maximum
    spacing|100 ft2/head|100 ft2/head| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
    CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
    OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
    (square feet)|Ordinary
    temperature|Not
    Applicable|Not
    Applicable| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
    CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
    OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Area
    (square feet)|High
    temperature|2,000b|2,000b| |TABLE 5704.3.6.3(8)—AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR
    CLASS I LIQUID STORAGE IN METAL CONTAINERS OF 1-GALLON CAPACITY OR LESS WITH UNCARTONED
    OR CASE-CUT SHELF DISPLAY UP TO 6.5 FEET, AND PALLETIZED STORAGE ABOVE IN A DOUBLE-ROW RACK ARRAYa|CEILING SPRINKLER DESIGN AND DEMAND|Density
    (gpm/ft2)|Density
    (gpm/ft2)|0.60|0.60| |**TABLE 5704.3.6.

  • California Historical Building Code Medium relevance — show source text

    |100 psf|1 hr
    23 min|||7|1, 2|11/3| |F/C-4-RC-9|4″|4″ deep (4370 psi);1/4″ reinforcement bars
    at 6″ pitch with3/4″ cover;1/4″ main rein-
    forcement bars at 4″ pitch perpendicular
    with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-10|4″|4″ thick (5140 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
    ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
    main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
    perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
    restrained.|140 psf|1 hr
    16 min|||7|1, 5|11/4| |F/C-4-RC-11|4″|4″ thick (4000 psi) concrete deck;
    3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
    with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
    reinforcement 1″ from bottom of slab; 6′6″
    span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-12|4″|4″ deep (2380 psi) concrete deck;
    3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
    with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
    reinforcement 1″ from bottom surface;
    6′6″ span restrained.|150 psf|1 hr
    3 min|||7|1, 2|1| |F/C-4-RC-13|41/2″|41/2″ thick (5200 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
    ment bars at 71/4″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
    main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
    perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
    restrained.|140 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-14|41/2″|41/2″ deep (2525 psi) concrete deck;1/4″
    reinforcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
    cover;3/8″ main reinforcement bars at
    33/8″ pitch perpendicular with1/2″ cover;
    13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|42 min|||7|1, 5|2/3| |F/C-4-RC-15|41/2″|41/2″ deep (4830 psi) concrete deck;
    11/2″ × No.

  • CHBC § 10.5. Medium relevance — show source text

    Using the moments, shears and deflections determined above, nonprestressed slabs-on-ground, mat or raft foundations on expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with WRI/CRSI and post-tensioned slabs-on-ground, mat or raft foundations on expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with PTI DC 10.5. It shall be permitted to analyze and design such slabs by other methods that account for soil-structure interaction, the deformed shape of the soil support, the plate or stiffened plate action of the slab as well as both center lift and edge lift conditions. Such alternative methods shall be rational and the basis for all aspects and parameters of the method shall be available for peer review.

    1808 A .6.3 Removal of expansive soil. Where expansive soil is removed in lieu of designing foundations in accordance with Section 1808 A .6.1 or 1808 A .6.2, the soil shall be removed to a depth sufficient to ensure a constant moisture content in the remaining soil. Fill material shall not contain expansive soils and shall comply with Section 1804 A .5 or 1804 A .6.

    Exception: Expansive soil need not be removed to the depth of constant moisture, provided that the confining pressure in the expansive soil created by the fill and supported structure exceeds the swell pressure.

    1808 A .6.4 Stabilization. Where the active zone of expansive soils is stabilized in lieu of designing foundations in accordance with Section 1808 A .6.1 or 1808 A .6.2, the soil shall be stabilized by chemical, dewatering, presaturation or equivalent techniques.

    1808 A .7 Foundations on or adjacent to slopes. The placement of buildings and structures on or adjacent to slopes steeper than one unit vertical in three units horizontal (33.3-percent slope) shall comply with Sections 1808 A .7.1 through 1808 A .7.5.

    1808 A .7.1 Building clearance from ascending slopes. In general, buildings below slopes shall be set a sufficient distance from the slope to provide protection from slope drainage, erosion and shallow failures. Except as provided in Section 1808 A .7.5 and Figure 1808 A .7.1, the following criteria will be assumed to provide this protection. Where the existing slope is steeper than one unit vertical in one unit horizontal (100-percent slope), the toe of the slope shall be assumed to be at the intersection of a horizontal plane drawn from the top of the foundation and a plane drawn tangent to the slope at an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal. Where a retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the slope, the height of the slope shall be measured from the top of the wall to the top of the slope.

    FIGURE 1808 A .7.1—FOUNDATION CLEARANCES FROM SLOPES

    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

  • CHBC § 1114A.5 Medium relevance — show source text

    1114A.5 Ramp height. Ramps more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the adjacent floor or ground and open on one or both sides shall be provided with guardrails as required by Section 1013. Guardrails shall be continuous from the top of the ramp to the bottom of the ramp.

    1114A.6 Ramp handrails.

    1114A.6.1 Where required. Handrails shall be provided at each side of ramps when the slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in 20 units hori- zontal (5-percent slope).

    Exceptions:

    1. Curb ramps.

    2. Ramps that serve an individual dwelling unit may have one handrail, except that ramps open on one or both sides shall have handrails provided on the open side or sides.

    3. Ramps at exterior door landings with less than 6 inches (152 mm) rise or less than 72 inches (1829 mm) in length.

    1114A.6.2 Handrail configuration.

    1114A.6.2.1 Handrail heights. The top of handrails shall be 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the ramp surface.

    1114A.6.2.2 Handrail continuity. Handrails on all ramps shall be continuous within the full length of each ramp run. Inside hand- rails on switchback or dogleg ramps shall be continuous between ramp runs.

    1114A.6.2.3 Handrail extensions. Handrails shall extend a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) horizontally above landings, beyond the top and bottom of the ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard or the walking surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run. Handrail extensions shall be in the same direction as the ramp runs. (See Figure 11A-5A.)

    1114A.6.2.4 Handrail projections. Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of 1 [1] / 2 inches (38.1 mm) minimum between the wall and the handrail.

    Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) deep and extends at least 18 inches (457 mm) above the top of the rail. Any wall or other surface adjacent to the handrail shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements. (See Figure 11A-6B.)

    1114A.6.2.5 Handrail gripping surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length, and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. When provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface. The distance between horizontal projections and the bottom of the gripping surface shall be permitted to be reduced by [1] / 8 inch (3.2 mm) for each [1] / 2 inch (12.7 mm) of additional handrail perimeter dimension that exceeds 4 inches (102 mm).

  • CHBC § 8-6 Medium relevance — show source text

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX A Col2 Col3 Col4
    CHAPTER 8-6—TABLE 1—PROVISION APPLICABILITY CHAPTER 8-6—TABLE 1—PROVISION APPLICABILITY CHAPTER 8-6—TABLE 1—PROVISION APPLICABILITY CHAPTER 8-6—TABLE 1—PROVISION APPLICABILITY
    Title II
    Public Entities    		 Title III
    Private Entities    		 Title III
    Barrier Removal
    SECTION 8-601 PURPOSE, INTENT, SCOPE
    **8-601.1 Purpose.**The purpose of the CHBC is to provide alternative regulations to facilitate
    access and use by persons with disabilities to and throughout facilities designated as quali-
    fied historical buildings or properties. These regulations require enforcing agencies to
    accept alternatives to regular code when dealing with qualified historical buildings or
    properties.
    **8-601.2 Intent.**The intent of this chapter is to preserve the integrity of qualified historical
    buildings and properties while providing access to and use by persons with disabilities.
    **8-601.3 Scope.**The CHBC shall apply to every qualified historical building or property that
    is required to provide access to persons with disabilities.
    1.Provisions of this chapter do not apply to new construction or reconstruction/replicas of
    historical buildings.
    2. Where provisions of this chapter apply to alteration of qualified historical buildings or
    properties, alteration is defined in_ California Building Code_ (CBC), Chapter 2.
    8-601.4 General application. The provisions in the CHBC apply to local, state and federal
    governments (Title II entities); alteration of commercial facilities and places of public
    accommodation (Title III entities); and barrier removal in commercial facilities and places of
    public accommodation (Title III entities). Except as noted in this chapter.    		 Applies Applies Applies
    SECTION 8-602 — BASIC PROVISIONS
    8-602.1 Regular code. The regular code for access for people with disabilities (Title 24, Part
    2, Vol.1, Chapter 11B) shall be applied to qualified historical buildings or properties unless
    strict compliance with the regular code will threaten or destroy the historical significance or
    character-defining features of the building or property.
    **8-602.2 Alternative provisions.**If the historical significance or character-defining features
    are threatened, alternative provisions for access may be applied pursuant to this chapter,
    provided the following conditions are met:
    1.These provisions shall be applied only on an item-by-item or case-by-case basis.
    2.Documentation is provided, including meeting minutes or letters, stating the reasons
    for the application of the alternative provisions. Such documentation shall be retained
    in the permanent file of the enforcing agency.    		 Applies Applies Applies
    Section 8-603 — ALTERNATIVES
    **8-603.1 Alternative minimum standards.**The alternative minimum standards for alter-
    ations of qualified historical buildings or facilities are referenced in Section 202.5 of the_ 2010_
    ADA Standards for Accessible Design, as incorporated and set forth in federal regulation 28
    CFR Pt. 36.
    **8-603.2 Entry.
  • CHBC § 1.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    R403.1.7 Footings on or adjacent to slopes. The placement of buildings and structures on or adjacent to slopes steeper than 1 unit vertical in 3 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope) shall conform to Sections R403.1.7.1 through R403.1.7.4.

    R403.1.7.1 Building clearances from ascending slopes. In general, buildings below slopes shall be set a sufficient distance from the slope to provide protection from slope drainage, erosion and shallow failures. Except as provided in Section R403.1.7.4 and Figure R403.1.7.1, the following criteria will be assumed to provide this protection. Where the existing slope is steeper than 1 unit vertical in 1 unit horizontal (100-percent slope), the toe of the slope shall be assumed to be at the intersection of a horizontal plane drawn from the top of the foundation and a plane drawn tangent to the slope at an angle of 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal. Where a retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the slope, the height of the slope shall be measured from the top of the wall to the top of the slope.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 4-15

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FOUNDATIONS

    For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

    FIGURE R403.1.7.1—FOUNDATION CLEARANCE FROM SLOPES

    FACE OF

    AT LEAST THE SMALLER OF H/2 AND 15 FEET

    R403.1.7.2 Footing setback from descending slope surfaces. Footings on or adjacent to slope surfaces shall be founded in material with an embedment and setback from the slope surface sufficient to provide vertical and lateral support for the footing without detrimental settlement. Except as provided for in Section R403.1.7.4 and Figure R403.1.7.1, the following setback is deemed adequate to meet the criteria. Where the slope is steeper than 1 unit vertical in 1 unit horizontal (100-percent slope), the required setback shall be measured from an imaginary plane 45 degrees (0.79 rad) to the horizontal, projected upward from the toe of the slope.

    R403.1.7.3 Foundation elevation. On graded sites, the top of any exterior foundation shall extend above the elevation of the street gutter at point of discharge or the inlet of an approved drainage device not less than 12 inches (305 mm) plus 2 percent. Alternate elevations are permitted subject to the approval of the building official, provided that it can be demonstrated that required drainage to the point of discharge and away from the structure is provided at all locations on the site.

    R403.1.7.4 Alternate setbacks and clearances. Alternate setbacks and clearances are permitted, subject to the approval of the building official. The building official is permitted to require an investigation and recommendation of a qualified engineer to demonstrate that the intent of this section has been satisfied. Such an investigation shall include consideration of material, height of slope, slope gradient, load intensity and erosion characteristics of slope material.

    R403.1.8 Foundations on expansive soils. Foundation and floor slabs for buildings located on expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with Section 1808.6 of the California Building Code .

    Exception: Slab-on-ground and other foundation systems that have performed adequately in soil conditions similar to those encountered at the building site are permitted subject to the approval of the building official.

Frequently asked questions

Can I use a 1:8 ramp under CHBC § 8-603.6?

No. § 8-603.6 allows a ramp up to 1:10 (no greater than 1:10) for horizontal distances not exceeding 5 ft, or 1:6 only for horizontal distances not exceeding 13 in. A 1:8 slope is not specifically authorized by § 8-603.6 unless it is part of a lift solution or another approved equivalent facilitation. § 8-603.6

Do I always have to post signs for these ramps or lifts?

Yes. § 8-603.6 requires signs posted at upper and lower levels to indicate the steepness of the slope for the allowed ramp or lift alternatives. § 8-603.6

If a ramp under § 8-603.6 is used, do other ramp rules (handrails, landings) still apply?

CHBC gives only the specific alternatives stated in § 8-603.6. Other requirements (handrails, guardrails, landings, safety) from the regular code or other applicable regulations may still apply unless specifically waived or replaced by an alternative; check § 8-602.1 and consult the enforcing authority. § 8-603.6, § 8-602.1

What if the allowed ramp options still won’t work without harming historic fabric?

If applying § 8-603 alternatives would threaten or destroy historical significance, consider equivalent facilitation under § 8-604 (other technologies, services, or designs), and make sure to document the reasons as required by § 8-602.2. § 8-604, § 8-602.2

Do these CHBC alternatives apply to new construction?

No. The CHBC alternatives apply to qualified historical buildings/properties, not to new construction or reconstructions/replicas. See the CHBC scope provisions. § 8-601.3

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Related in the CHBC

Toilet room alternatives and use of accessible unisex facilities

Accessible entrance requirements and distance/notification alternatives

Door clearances, minimum widths and power-assisted door allowances

Element-specific alternatives (entrances, doors, ramps, toilets)

California Historical Building Code