CFC · California Fire Code

Motion picture and television production (Chapter 48)

Chapter 48 of the California Fire Code sets the scope, permit, occupancy and fire‑safety requirements for studios, sound stages and production locations.

Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

Overview

Chapter 48 of the California Fire Code (CFC) governs studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations used for motion‑picture, television and commercial production. It establishes scope and purpose (see §4801) and sets definitions and occupancy rules to make sure sets, platforms and venues meet minimum life‑safety standards . Live‑audience stages are treated as Group A‑1 occupancies while other stages are classified differently under the Building Code per §4802, so classification affects egress, signage and finish requirements .

The chapter emphasizes administrative controls and active fire protection: required permits (for changes of use, pyrotechnic/special effects, open flames, hot work, motor vehicles indoors and live audiences) appear in §4803; general safety rules (housekeeping, minimum aisle width, travel distance limits, exit hardware and exit illumination) are in §4804; and fire‑extinguishing, detection and fire‑watch provisions are covered in §4805–§4806 and related sections (for example, temporary heat‑detector and alarm requirements for solid‑ceiling sets) . Production locations outside studios follow specific permit and standby personnel rules in §4811, and pyrotechnic/special‑effects work is coordinated with Title 19 fireworks regulations and local permit authorities .

In this section

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

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    48 MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND

    STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

    SECTION 4801 GENERAL

    4801.1 Scope. Production studios, sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production shall be in accordance with the provisions of this article.

    4801.2 Purpose. The purpose of this article is to establish minimum requirements that will provide a reasonable degree of safety from fire, panic and explosion. Buildings and structures defined herein shall be in accordance with this article.

    4801.3 DEFINITIONS.

    APPROVED FIRE WATCH. Individuals provided with at least one approved means for notification of the fire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protected premises and keep watch for fires.

    APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITY. An existing building, or portion of a building, or a group of buildings altered for use by the enter- tainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    PLATFORM. Part of a set, which is a floor or horizontal surface raised above stage floor level.

    PRODUCTION LOCATION. Any area or facility outside a production studio, approved production facility or sound stage used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    PRODUCTION STUDIO. A building, portion of a building, or a group of buildings designed and constructed for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SET. A structure built or assembled for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SOUND STAGE. A building or portion of a building usually insulated from outside noise and natural light for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SECTION 4802 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

    4802.1 Live audience stages. Production facilities, sound stages and approved production studios with live audience stages shall be classified as Group A-1 occupancy in accordance with the California Building Code.

    4802.2 All other stages. Production studios, sound stages and approved production facilities without live audience stages shall be clas- sified as Group F-1 occupancy in accordance with the California Building Code.

  • CFC § 1.11. High relevance — show source text

    SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG
    SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG
    T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter X
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section
    • The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.

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    48 MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND

    STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

    SECTION 4801 GENERAL

    4801.1 Scope. Production studios, sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production shall be in accordance with the provisions of this article.

    4801.2 Purpose. The purpose of this article is to establish minimum requirements that will provide a reasonable degree of safety from fire, panic and explosion. Buildings and structures defined herein shall be in accordance with this article.

    4801.3 DEFINITIONS.

  • CFC § 56-24 High relevance — show source text

    (1) Pyrotechnic Operator Unrestricted may conduct and take charge of all fireworks activities in connection with every kind of public fireworks display, whether commercial entertainment, experimental and other types of rockets, special effects in motion picture, theatrical and television production.

    (2) Pyrotechnic Operator Basic Commercial may conduct and is restricted to all fireworks activities in connection with a commercial fireworks public display, including the determination that all mortars, set pieces, rocket launchers and rockets are properly installed and that the proper safety precautions have been taken to ensure the safety of persons and property. Such operator shall have charge of all activities directly related to handling, preparing and firing all fireworks at the public display, including the fixing of lifting charges and quick match as needed for aerial shells.

    (3) Pyrotechnic Operator Restricted Commercial may conduct and is restricted exclusively to the use and discharge of fire- crackers and the use of other exempt fireworks in religious ceremonies.

    (4) Pyrotechnic Operator Rockets First Class may conduct and is restricted to all activities in connection with research experi- ments, production, transportation, fuel loading and launching of all types of experimental rockets. Such operator shall also be responsible for the actions and conduct of all assistants. Operators licensed under subsection (b) are also required to obtain a local permit from the authority having jurisdiction prior to all launches.

    (5) Pyrotechnic Operator Rockets Second Class may conduct and is restricted to all activities in connection with research experiments, production, transportation, fuel loading and launching of all types of solid fuel experimental rockets only.

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    EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS

    Such operator shall also be responsible for the actions and conduct of all assistants. Operators licensed under subsection (b) are also required to obtain a local permit from the authority having jurisdiction prior to all launches.

    (6) Pyrotechnic Operator Rockets Third Class may purchase, transport, store and launch high power rockets. Experimental high power rocket motors may only be imported, exported and wholesaled by individuals or companies holding valid import, export or wholesale licenses. Pyrotechnic Operators--Third Class may only purchase high powered rocket motors from licensed wholesalers. Operators licensed under subsection (b) are also required to obtain a local permit from the authority having jurisdiction prior to all launches.

    (7) Pyrotechnic Operator Special Effects First Class may conduct and is restricted to the use, preparation for transportation and the preparation and use of all types of fireworks and special effects pyrotechnics, for the sole purpose of producing a visible or audible effect where and when such use is a necessary part of motion picture, television, theatrical or operatic production, as permitted by the fire authority having jurisdiction.

    (8) Pyrotechnic Operator Special Effects Second Class may conduct and is restricted to the use of special effects, the loading of blank cartridges, colored fire, flash paper, smoke composition, the preparation and use of binary A and B Flash composition and such other fireworks of whatever kind and class as may be permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, under a special permit in connection with television and motion picture production.

  • CFC § 907.2.24 High relevance — show source text

    907.2.24 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages and Approved Production Facilities

    907.2.24.1 Sound Stages—Solid-ceiling Sets and Platforms. Where required by Chapter 48, all interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area, and platforms (when provided) over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by an approved heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The fire alarm system shall be connected to an approved supervis- ing station in accordance with Section 907.6.5 or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location.

    907.2.24.2 Production locations—solid-ceiling sets and platforms. Where required by Chapter 48 of the California Fire Code, build- ings with existing fire protection systems and where production intends to construct solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area, and platforms over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by an approved heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The fire alarm system shall be connected to an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.6.6 or a local alarm which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location.

    907.2.24.3 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control units are permitted to be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.

    907.2.24.4 Heat detectors.

    907.2.24.4.1 Heat detection required by this section shall be defined as a portable system as it is intended to be reinstalled when platforms or sets are changed.

    907.2.24.4.2 Heat detectors shall be secured to standard outlet boxes and are allowed to be temporarily supported by sets, plat- forms or pedestals.

    907.2.24.4.3 Heat detectors shall be provided for solid-ceiling sets and platforms where required by Section 4805.3 and 4811.14.

    907.2.25 Group C occupancies (Organized Camps).

    907.2.25.1 General. Every building and structure used or intended for sleeping purposes shall be provided with an automatic smoke-detection system.

    Exceptions:

    1 . Buildings and structures in existence and in operation prior to January 1, 1985. 2. Tents, tent structures and buildings and structures that do not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm) in any lateral dimensions and where such building or structure is not more than one story.

  • CFC § 4802.1 High relevance — show source text

    APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITY. An existing building, or portion of a building, or a group of buildings altered for use by the enter- tainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    PLATFORM. Part of a set, which is a floor or horizontal surface raised above stage floor level.

    PRODUCTION LOCATION. Any area or facility outside a production studio, approved production facility or sound stage used by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    PRODUCTION STUDIO. A building, portion of a building, or a group of buildings designed and constructed for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SET. A structure built or assembled for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SOUND STAGE. A building or portion of a building usually insulated from outside noise and natural light for use by the entertainment industry for the purpose of motion picture, television and commercial production.

    SECTION 4802 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

    4802.1 Live audience stages. Production facilities, sound stages and approved production studios with live audience stages shall be classified as Group A-1 occupancy in accordance with the California Building Code.

    4802.2 All other stages. Production studios, sound stages and approved production facilities without live audience stages shall be clas- sified as Group F-1 occupancy in accordance with the California Building Code.

    Note: Sections 4803 through 4810 apply only to studio sound stages and approved production facilities.

    SECTION 4803 REQUIRED PERMITS

    4803.1 Change in use. A permit from the fire code official shall be obtained any time a change in use or occupancy is intended by the owner (e.g., for live audience shows, wrap parties).

    4803.2 Additional permits. A permit shall be required for:

    a) Use of pyrotechnic special effects.

    b) Open flames. c) Flammable or combustible liquids, gases and dust.

    d) Hot work.

    e) Presence of motor vehicles within a building. f) Any additional permits as required by the fire code official.

    4803.3 Live audiences. A permit shall be required for seating arrangements of all live audience stages.

    SECTION 4804 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

    4804.1 Housekeeping. Provisions of this part shall maintain proper housekeeping in accordance with Chapter 3.

    4804.2 Aisles. Perimeter aisles within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be provided. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm). See Chapter 10 for maintenance requirements. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum clear unobstructed height of 7 feet (2134 mm).

    4804.3 Travel distance. The maximum travel distance to any exit within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be 150 feet (45 720 mm).

    4804.4 Exit doors. Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware and swing in the direction of exit travel.

  • CFC § 41-4 High relevance — show source text

    4102 Portable Electric Heating Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-4 4103 Portable Fuel-Fired Heating Appliances. . . . . . . . . . 41-4 4104 Portable Fuel-Fired Cooking Appliances . . . . . . . . . 41-5 4105 Portable Electric Cooking Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . 41-5 4106 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-6

    CHAPTERS 42– 47 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-1

    CHAPTER 48 MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION

    STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILI- TIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3

    4801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3

    4802 Occupancy Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3 4803 Required Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3 4804 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3 4805 Fire-Extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-4 4806 Fire Detection Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-4 4807 Fire Safety Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-4 4808 Electrical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-4 4809 _Mechanical Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • CFC § 203.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
    1. Business: Group B.
    2. Educational: Group E.
    3. Factory and Industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2.
    4. High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5.
    5. Institutional: Groups I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4.
    6. Mercantile: Group M.
    7. Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4.
    8. Storage: Groups S-1 and S-2.
    9. Utility and Miscellaneous: Group U.

    [BG] 203.1.1 Use designation. Occupancy groups contain subordinate uses having similar hazards and risks to building occupants. Uses include, but are not limited to, those functional designations specified within the occupancy group descriptions in Section 203.1. Certain uses require specific limitations and controls in accordance with the provisions of this code and Chapter 4 of the California Building Code .

    [BG] 203.2 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation or Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Sound Stages, Approved Production Facilities and produc- tion locations. Any building or structure or portion thereof used or intended to be used for the showing of motion pictures when an admission fee is charged and when such building or structure is open to the public and has a capacity of 10 or more persons.

    [BG] 203.2.1 Small buildings and tenant spaces. A building or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified as a Group B occupancy.

    [BG] 203.2.2 Small assembly spaces. The following rooms and spaces shall not be classified as Assembly occupancies:

    1. A room or space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
    2. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is less than 750 square feet (70 m [2] ) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.

    [BG] 203.2.3 Associated with Group E occupancies. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is associated with a Group E occupancy is not considered a separate occupancy.

    [BG] 203.2.4 Accessory to places of religious worship. Accessory religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums with occupant loads of less than 100 per room or space are not considered separate occupancies.

    [BG] 203.2.5 Special amusement areas. Special amusement areas shall comply with Section 411 of the California Building Code

    [BG] 203.2.6 Assembly Group A-1. Group A-1 occupancy includes assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or motion pictures, including but not limited to:

    Motion picture and television production studio Sound Stages, Approved Production Facilities and production locations. (With live audiences.)

    Motion picture theaters

    Symphony and concert halls

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    DEFINITIONS

    Television and radio studios admitting an audience

    Theaters

  • CFC § 4105.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    4105.1.3 Extension cords. Portable electric cooking appliances shall not be plugged into extension cords.

    4105.1.4 Temporary connections. Where portable electric cooking appliances are used for temporary operations, the appliance shall be disconnected from the power supply when not in use.

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    TEMPORARY HEATING AND COOKING OPERATIONS

    4105.1.5 Prohibited areas. Portable electric cooking appliances shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mm) of any combustible materials or in Group H occupancies. Portable electric cooking appliances shall be operated only in locations for which they are listed.

    SECTION 4106— RESERVED

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    CHAPTERS

    42– 47 RESERVED

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    CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE

    CHAPTER 48 – MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO

    SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

    (Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG
    SFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC
    Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
    CG
    T-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
    Adopt Entire Chapter X
    Adopt Entire Chapter as
    amended (amended sections
    listed below)
    Adopt only those sections that
    are listed below
    [California Code of Regulations,
    Title 19, Division 1]
    Chapter / Section
  • CFC § 4803.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    SECTION 4803 REQUIRED PERMITS

    4803.1 Change in use. A permit from the fire code official shall be obtained any time a change in use or occupancy is intended by the owner (e.g., for live audience shows, wrap parties).

    4803.2 Additional permits. A permit shall be required for:

    a) Use of pyrotechnic special effects.

    b) Open flames. c) Flammable or combustible liquids, gases and dust.

    d) Hot work.

    e) Presence of motor vehicles within a building. f) Any additional permits as required by the fire code official.

    4803.3 Live audiences. A permit shall be required for seating arrangements of all live audience stages.

    SECTION 4804 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

    4804.1 Housekeeping. Provisions of this part shall maintain proper housekeeping in accordance with Chapter 3.

    4804.2 Aisles. Perimeter aisles within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be provided. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum width of 4 feet (1219 mm). See Chapter 10 for maintenance requirements. Aisles required by this section shall have a minimum clear unobstructed height of 7 feet (2134 mm).

    4804.3 Travel distance. The maximum travel distance to any exit within the sound stage and approved production facility shall be 150 feet (45 720 mm).

    4804.4 Exit doors. Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware and swing in the direction of exit travel.

    4804.5 Exit signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in accordance with the California Building Code.

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    MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

    4804.6 Exit illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with the California Building Code. In the event of power fail- ure, exit path illumination shall be automatically provided by an approved emergency back-up system.

    4804.7 Exit obstructions. All means of egress shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1005.1.

    4804.8 Foam plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.

    4804.9 Decorative materials. Drapes, drops, cut greens, etc., shall meet the flame retardant requirements of California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapters 5 and 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.

    SECTION 4805 FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

    4805.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9.

  • CFC § 302.1.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    14. [SFM] Existing buildings housing existing protective social care homes or facilities established prior to 1972 (see California Fire Code Chapter 11 and California Existing Building Code).

    302.1.1 Reserved

    302.1.2 Reserved

    302.1.3 Pharmacies; veterinary facilities; barbering, cosmetology or electrolysis establishments; and acupuncture offices. See Chapter 12.

    302.2 Use designation. Occupancy groups contain subordinate uses having similar hazards and risks to building occupants. Uses include, but are not limited to, those functional designations specified within the occupancy group descriptions in Section 302.1. Certain uses require specific limitations and controls in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 and elsewhere in this code.

    SECTION 303—ASSEMBLY GROUP A

    303.1 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation ; motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations; or for the showing of motion pictures when an admission fee is charged and when such building or structure is open to the public and has a capacity of 10 or more persons.

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    OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE

    303.1.1 Small buildings and tenant spaces. A building or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified as a Group B occupancy.

    303.1.2 Small assembly spaces. The following rooms and spaces shall not be classified as Assembly occupancies:

    1. A room or space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
    2. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is less than 750 square feet (70 m [2] ) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy.

    303.1.3 Associated with Group E occupancies. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is associated with a Group E occupancy is not considered a separate occupancy.

    303.1.4 Accessory to places of religious worship. Accessory religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums with occupant loads of less than 100 per room or space are not considered separate occupancies.

    303.1.5 Special amusement areas. Special amusement areas shall comply with Section 411.

    303.2 Assembly Group A-1. Group A-1 occupancy includes assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or motion pictures, including but not limited to:

    Motion picture and television production studio sound stages, approved production facilities and production locations. (with live audiences).

    Motion picture theaters

    Symphony and concert halls

    Television and radio studios admitting an audience

    Theaters

    303.3 Assembly Group A-2. Group A-2 occupancy includes assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption, including but not limited to:

    Banquet halls

    Casinos (gaming areas)

    Nightclubs

    Restaurants, cafeterias and similar dining facilities (including associated commercial kitchens)

    Taverns and bars

  • CFC § 40-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    CHAPTER 40 STORAGE OF DISTILLED SPIRITS

    AND WINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-3

    4001 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-3

    4002 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-3

    4003 Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-3 4004 Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-4

    4005 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-4

    4006 Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-10

    CHAPTER 41 TEMPORARY HEATING AND COOKING

    OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-3

    4101 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-3

    4102 Portable Electric Heating Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-4 4103 Portable Fuel-Fired Heating Appliances. . . . . . . . . . 41-4 4104 Portable Fuel-Fired Cooking Appliances . . . . . . . . . 41-5 4105 Portable Electric Cooking Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . 41-5 4106 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-6

    CHAPTERS 42– 47 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-1

    CHAPTER 48 MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION

    STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILI- TIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3

    4801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-3

    4802 _Occupancy Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • CFC § 56-24 Medium relevance — show source text

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    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS

    Such operator shall also be responsible for the actions and conduct of all assistants. Operators licensed under subsection (b) are also required to obtain a local permit from the authority having jurisdiction prior to all launches.

    (6) Pyrotechnic Operator Rockets Third Class may purchase, transport, store and launch high power rockets. Experimental high power rocket motors may only be imported, exported and wholesaled by individuals or companies holding valid import, export or wholesale licenses. Pyrotechnic Operators--Third Class may only purchase high powered rocket motors from licensed wholesalers. Operators licensed under subsection (b) are also required to obtain a local permit from the authority having jurisdiction prior to all launches.

    (7) Pyrotechnic Operator Special Effects First Class may conduct and is restricted to the use, preparation for transportation and the preparation and use of all types of fireworks and special effects pyrotechnics, for the sole purpose of producing a visible or audible effect where and when such use is a necessary part of motion picture, television, theatrical or operatic production, as permitted by the fire authority having jurisdiction.

    (8) Pyrotechnic Operator Special Effects Second Class may conduct and is restricted to the use of special effects, the loading of blank cartridges, colored fire, flash paper, smoke composition, the preparation and use of binary A and B Flash composition and such other fireworks of whatever kind and class as may be permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, under a special permit in connection with television and motion picture production.

    (9) Pyrotechnic Operator Special Effects Third Class authorizes the loading of blank cartridge shells, and use of special effects when under the direct supervision and control of a Pyrotechnic Operator--Special Effects First or Second Class.

    (10) Pyrotechnic Operator Theatrical authorizes the use of special effects, blank cartridges, colored fire, flash paper, flash, smoke composition, and the preparation and use of binary A and B Flash composition in stage or theatrical productions only.

    (11) Pyrotechnic Operator Theatrical Trainee authorizes the conducting of procedures permitted a Pyrotechnic Operator-- Theatrical when under the direct supervision and control of a licensed Pyrotechnic Operator--Theatrical.

    (12) Pyrotechnic Operator Performer is restricted to persons who perform before an audience, directly or indirectly, and may include magicians, comedians, still photographers and others whose primary interest is in other than pyrotechnics. Such license is restricted to the use of blank cartridges, colored fire, flash paper, sparklers and smoke composition in connection with the production of theatricals and operas before live audiences in theaters, opera houses, television studios, night clubs and similar occupancies, or by the use of a still photographer.

    (c) Separate License Not Required. A separate license shall not be required of licensed manufacturers, wholesalers or importer- exporter to manufacture, wholesale, import or export agricultural and wildlife fireworks or model rocket engines.

Frequently asked questions

Do I always need a permit to use pyrotechnics or open flames on a set?

Yes. Chapter 48 requires permits for pyrotechnic special effects and open flames (see §4803.2 and the production‑location permit list in §4811.2) and such work is also regulated under Title 19 (fireworks/special effects); the fire code official/authority having jurisdiction issues the permit and may impose conditions or require licensed pyrotechnic operators .

When are heat detectors or fire alarms required for sets and platforms?

Portable/listed heat detectors and alarm connection are required where solid‑ceiling sets exceed 600 sq ft or platforms exceed 600 sq ft and are over 3 ft high; Chapter 48 and Section 907.2.24 describe these temporary detector and alarm requirements and spacing (30 ft on center) and connection to an approved supervising station or local audible alarm .

How are live‑audience stages classified and why does that matter?

Production facilities with live audiences are classified as Group A‑1 (see §4802.1 and the Building Code Group A rules); that classification drives requirements for occupant load, egress, interior finish, and other assembly‑type protections, so classification affects design and operational controls .

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