CFC · California Fire Code

What fire-extinguishing and detection systems are required for studios and stages?

Q: What is the single required suppression system for a new sound stage?

An approved automatic fire sprinkler system designed to the Extra Hazard, Group 2 minimum is required for new sound stages (see § 4805.2 ).

Q: When does a solid‑ceiling set require detection?

Interior solid‑ceiling sets over 600 sq ft (or platforms over 600 sq ft and exceeding 3 ft in height) must have either a listed heat detector system tied to a constantly attended alarm, allow sprinkler operation after work, an approved fire watch, or be reviewed by the fire code official (see § 4805.3 ).

Q: Can I use smoke detectors instead of heat detectors for sets?

§ 4805.3 specifically calls for an approved and listed heat detector system for the large solid‑ceiling sets; any alternate detection type must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction or provided as part of an alternate protection scheme. § 4805.3 .

Q: Do fire alarm control units need special listing?

Yes — fire alarm control units must be California State Fire Marshal listed and used in accordance with their listing. § 4806.1 .

For homeowners: new sound stages must have automatic sprinklers designed as an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system; large built sets or raised platforms over defined sizes require listed heat detection, sprinkler access, or a fire watch; fire alarm control units must be State Fire Marshal listed (see CFC §§4805 and 4806).

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

New sound stages must be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system designed to the Extra Hazard, Group 2 minimum design. The special provisions for sets, platforms and stages add detection, spacing, coverage and alternative measures (heat detectors, fire watch, or allowing sprinkler operation after work) for certain built sets and features. These rules are set out in § 4805 (Fire‑Extinguishing Systems) and § 4806 (Fire Detection Equipment) of the CFC.

The most important rule: New sound stages require an automatic sprinkler system designed as an Extra Hazard, Group 2; where large solid‑ceiling sets or elevated platforms are used, either listed heat detection, sprinkler access, or an approved fire watch is required. § 4805.

Requirements in detail

1) Sprinklers for sound stages

All new sound stages must be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system meeting Chapter 9 installation rules and the minimum design of Extra Hazard, Group 2. § 4805.2.
Existing sound stages that already have sprinklers must maintain those systems in accordance with Chapter 9. § 4805.1.
Chapter 9 also lists the general sprinkler application for motion‑picture stages (see § 903.2.14 and the automatic sprinkler provisions).

2) Special protection for solid‑ceiling sets and elevated platforms

When interior solid‑ceiling sets or platforms are:

over 600 square feet in area and
platforms that exceed 3 feet in height,

they must be protected by one of the following options in § 4805.3: listed heat detectors (spaced 30 feet on center unless the manufacturer requires otherwise) tied to an approved alarm to a constantly attended location, permitting the ceiling position so the building sprinkler system can operate after work, an approved fire watch, or review/alternate protection by the code official. § 4805.3.

3) Fire detection equipment and control units

Fire alarm control units used in these occupancies must be California State Fire Marshal listed and used per their listing. § 4806.1.
Detection devices used as part of fixed extinguishing or alarm systems must be installed per Chapter 9 standards and NFPA requirements referenced there (see Sections on monitoring and listing). file

4) Stage-specific sprinkler coverage (supplemental Chapter 9 rule)

Sprinklers are required under the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleries over the stage; and in adjacent dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to stages. (Chapter 9 / Stage provisions). § 914.6.1.
There are limited exceptions for small concealed stage spaces and small, low stages with restricted non‑retractable hangings — see Exceptions below.

Decision‑relevant dimensions and thresholds (quick reference)

Decision factor	Key value or action required	Code Reference
New sound stage — sprinkler required	Install approved automatic sprinkler — Extra Hazard, Group 2 design	§ 4805.2
Existing sound stage with sprinklers	Maintain per Chapter 9	§ 4805.1
Solid‑ceiling set or platform area	Greater than 600 sq ft → choose listed heat detector system, allow sprinkler operation, or fire watch	§ 4805.3
Platform height	Exceeds 3 ft → treated same as large solid‑ceiling sets	§ 4805.3
Heat detector spacing	30 ft on center or per manufacturer listing; must signal a constantly attended location	§ 4805.3
Sprinkler placement for stages	Under roof/gridiron, under catwalks/galleries; dressing rooms/shops accessory to stage also sprinkled	§ 914.6.1
Fire alarm control unit listing	State Fire Marshal listed required	§ 4806.1

Exceptions & special cases

Small concealed stage spaces used only for storage (clear height < 4 ft) may be exempt from sprinklers if separated by Type X gypsum board as specified; check § 914.6.1 exceptions for exact construction criteria.
Stages 1,000 sq ft or less and 50 ft or less in height may be exempt from sprinklers when combustible hangings are not retractable vertically and are limited to the main curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop (see Chapter 9 stage exceptions).
Where special hazards or unusual set constructions exist (pyrotechnics, large scenic elements, high concentrations of flammable finishes), the fire code official can require additional systems or a review under Section 901.4.3. § 4805.3(4) and related review provisions.

Common mistakes

Assuming a “stage” is exempt just because it’s used for filming — new sound stages still require sprinkler systems designed per Extra Hazard, Group 2. § 4805.2.
Installing heat detectors but not connecting them to a constantly attended location or listed supervising service; § 4805.3 requires audible signal to a constantly attended location.
Relying on temporary removal of sprinkler heads during filming without written agreement or re‑positioning that prevents system operation — § 4805.3(2) specifically requires ceilings be positioned to allow sprinkler operation after work (or other approved method).
Forgetting that ancillary areas (dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops, storerooms) tied to stages may also require sprinklers under § 914.6.1.
Overlooking required listing/installation standards for alarm control units and equipment — § 4806.1 requires State Fire Marshal listing.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: You are designing a new indoor sound stage that is 12,000 sq ft (1,115 m2) with a stage platform that is 4.5 ft high and a built solid ceiling scenic set covering 800 sq ft.

Apply the rules:

The sound stage is new → install an approved automatic sprinkler system sized/designated as Extra Hazard, Group 2. § 4805.2.
The solid‑ceiling set is > 600 sq ft → you must provide one of the options under § 4805.3. Practical options:
- Install an approved and listed heat detector system (detectors 30 ft on center or per listing) tied to an approved central/proprietary/remote station or a local alarm at a constantly attended location; or
- Reposition the set ceiling so the building sprinkler system can operate after filming; or
- Implement an approved fire watch (documented and accepted by the AHJ). § 4805.3.
Since the stage platform is 4.5 ft (> 3 ft) it triggers the same protections as platforms in § 4805.3.
Ensure that the sprinkler layout covers under the roof/gridiron and under catwalks/galleries, plus dressing rooms and accessory spaces per § 914.6.1.
Use a State Fire Marshal listed fire alarm control unit for any required alarm integration. § 4806.1.

Related provisions

§ 4805 — Fire‑Extinguishing Systems (studios/sets/platforms requirements).
§ 4806 — Fire Detection Equipment (State Fire Marshal listing requirement for control units).
§ 903.2.14 / § 903 — Automatic sprinkler requirements and design references for motion‑picture production (Extra Hazard Group 2 design referenced).
§ 914.6.1 — Stage sprinkler coverage requirements (under roof/gridiron, catwalks, accessory rooms) and exceptions.
Chapter 9 sections on inspection, testing and monitoring of automatic extinguishing systems (maintenance and monitoring requirements). file

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

CFC § 904.3.5 High relevance — show source text
904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be monitored by the building fire alarm system in accordance with NFPA 72.

904.4 Inspection and testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the provisions of this section prior to acceptance.

904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests, all of the following items shall be inspected:
1. Hazard specification for consistency with design hazard.
2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating devices.
3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or discharge orifices.
4. Location and identification of audible and visible alarm devices.
5. Identification of devices with proper designations.
6. Operating instructions.
904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alarm systems and connections to approved supervising stations shall be tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation.

904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or system operation, where required, shall be verified.

904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protected premises and supervising station fire alarm systems shall be tested to verify proper identification and retransmission of alarms from automatic fire-extinguishing systems.

904.5 Wet-chemical systems. Wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17A and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

904.5.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at six-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.

904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 17 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.

904.6.1 System test. Systems shall be inspected and tested for proper operation at six-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and releasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed, and the required amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper operation of the system.

904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 5 and NFPA 11 and their listing. Records of inspections and testing shall be maintained.
CFC § 4804.5 High relevance — show source text
4804.5 Exit signs. Illuminated exit signs shall be installed in accordance with the California Building Code.

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 48-3

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MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO SOUND STAGES, APPROVED PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND PRODUCTION LOCATIONS

4804.6 Exit illumination. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with the California Building Code. In the event of power fail- ure, exit path illumination shall be automatically provided by an approved emergency back-up system.

4804.7 Exit obstructions. All means of egress shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1005.1.

4804.8 Foam plastics. All foam plastics shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.

4804.9 Decorative materials. Drapes, drops, cut greens, etc., shall meet the flame retardant requirements of California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1, Chapters 5 and 8, Sections 807.5.1.5 and 807.5.7.

SECTION 4805 — FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

4805.1 Existing sound stages and approved production facilities. All existing sound stages and approved production facilities equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9.

4805.2 New sound stages. All new sound stages shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system. The system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions in Chapter 9 and shall meet the minimum design requirements of an Extra Hazard, Group 2 system.

4805.3 Solid-ceiling sets and platforms. All interior solid-ceiling sets over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area, and platforms (when provided) over 600 square feet (55.7 m [2] ) in area and which exceed 3 feet (914 mm) in height shall be protected by one of the following:

1. An approved and listed heat detector system. Heat detectors shall be spaced 30 feet (9144 mm) on center or as required by the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Detectors shall be connected to an approved and listed central, proprietary or remote station service or a local alarm, which will give an audible signal at a constantly attended location. Such system shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 9.

2. The ceiling shall be positioned to allow for the operation of the building’s automatic fire sprinkler system after rehearsal, video- taping, filming or broadcasting of programs has been completed for the day.

3. An approved fire watch.

4. Special hazards shall be reviewed by the fire code official (see Additional Fire Protection Systems, Section 901.4.3).

SECTION 4806 — FIRE DETECTION EQUIPMENT

4806.1 Fire alarm control units. Fire alarm control units shall be California State Fire Marshal listed and shall be utilized in accordance with their listing. Control units may be temporarily supported by sets, platforms or pedestals.
CFC § 2.2. High relevance — show source text
2.2. Loss of power or circuit continuity to the electronic monitoring device shall initiate a trouble signal. 2.3. The extinguishers shall be installed inside of a building or cabinet in a noncorrosive environment. 2.4. Electronic monitoring devices and supervisory circuits shall be tested every 3 years when extinguisher maintenance is performed. 2.5. A written log of required hydrostatic test dates for extinguishers shall be maintained by the owner to verify that hydrostatic tests are conducted at the frequency required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. 3. In Group I-3, and in mental health areas of Group I-2, portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located at staff locations.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §565.1(a) through (c)] Classification of Hazards.

(a) Light (Low) Hazard. Locations where the total amounts of Class A combustible materials, including furnishings, decorations and contents, is of minor quantity. These shall include buildings or rooms occupied as offices, classrooms, churches, assembly halls, etc. This classification anticipates that the majority of the contents are either noncombustible or so arranged that a fire is not likely to spread rapidly. Small amounts of Class B flammables used for duplicating machines, art departments, etc., are included provided that they are kept in closed containers and safely stored.

(b) Ordinary (Moderate) Hazard. Locations where the total amounts of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables are present in greater amounts than expected under Light (Low) Hazard occupancies. These occupancies could consist of offices, classrooms, mercantile shops and allied storage, light manufacturing, research operations, auto showrooms, parking garages, workshop or support service areas of Light (Low) Hazard occupancies, and warehouses containing Class I or Class II commodities.

(c) Extra (High) Hazard. Locations where the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables are present, in storage, production use, and/or finished product over and above those expected and classed as Ordinary (Moderate) Hazards. These occupan- cies could consist of woodworking, vehicle repair, aircraft and boat servicing, individual product display showrooms, product convention center displays, storage and manufacturing processes such as painting, dipping, coating, including flammable liquid handling. Also, included in warehousing of, or in-process storage of other Class I and Class II commodities.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §565.2(a) through (e)] Selection by Hazard.

(a) Extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class or classes of hazards to be protected in accordance with the following subdivi- sions (b), (c), (d) and (e).

(b) Extinguishers for protecting Class A hazards shall be selected from the following: Water-type, halogenated agent types, multipur- pose dry chemical and wet chemical type.

(c) Extinguishers for protection of Class B hazards shall be selected from the following: carbon dioxide, dry chemical types, haloge- nated agent types and water-type and water chemical extinguishers rated for Class B hazards.

2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 9-33

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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
CFC § 904.7 High relevance — show source text
(2) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained at least semi-annually, and immediately after a system activation.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(c)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

(c) Engineered and pre-engineered fixed extinguishing systems, regardless of installation date, shall be inspected, tested and main- tained within the time periods specified in California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 904(a)(2) above.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.7(a) through (c)] Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Engineered and Pre-engineered Fixed Extinguishing Systems.

Inspection, Testing and Maintenance shall be performed in accordance with:

(a) California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Section 904(a)(2),

(b) the manufacturer’s written instructions, which are approved and on file with the Office of the State Fire Marshal; and

(c) the applicable standards adopted in California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9, (California Fire Code).

904.1.1 Certification of service personnel for fire-extinguishing equipment. Service personnel providing or conducting maintenance on automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall possess a valid certificate issued by an approved governmental agency, or other approved organization for the type of system and work performed.

904.2 Where permitted. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems installed as an alternative to the required automatic sprinkler systems of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official.

904.2.1 Restriction on using automatic sprinkler system exceptions or reductions. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed for automatic sprinkler systems or by other requirements of this code.

904.2.2 Commercial hood and duct systems. Each required commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duct system required by Section 606 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system installed in accordance with this code.

904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with this section.

9-24 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.14.1. Where more than one hazard could be simultaneously involved in fire due to their proximity, all hazards shall be protected by a single system designed to protect all hazards that could become involved.

Exception: Multiple systems shall be permitted to be installed if they are designed to operate simultaneously.

904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment interlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents and other features necessary for proper operation of the fire-extinguishing system shall be provided as required by the design and installation standard utilized for the hazard.
CFC § 9-72 High relevance — show source text
9-72 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

914.5.5 Standpipe system. The underground building shall be provided throughout with a standpipe system in accordance with Section 905.

914.6 Stages. Stages shall comply with Section 914.6.1.

914.6.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Sprinklers shall be installed under the roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleries over the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed in dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to such stages.

Exceptions:
1. Sprinklers are not required under stage areas less than 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height utilized exclusively for storage of tables and chairs, provided that the concealed space is separated from the adjacent spaces by Type X gypsum board not less than [5] / 8 inch (15.9 mm) in thickness.
2. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 square feet (93 m [2] ) or less in area and 50 feet (15 240 mm) or less in height where curtains, scenery or other combustible hangings are not retractable vertically. Combustible hangings shall be limited to a single main curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop.
3. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra enclosures on stages.
4. Sprinklers are not required under catwalks and galleries where they are permitted to be omitted in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
914.7 Special amusement areas. Special amusement areas shall comply with Sections 914.7.1 through 914.7. 3 and Section 411 of the California Building Code.

Exceptions:
1. Special amusement areas that are without walls or a roof and constructed to prevent the accumulation of smoke are not required to comply with this section.
2. Puzzle rooms provided with a means of egress that is unlocked, readily identifiable and always available are not required to comply with this section.
914.7.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings containing special amusement areas shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where the special amusement area is temporary ; less than 180 days; the sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary means ; less than 180 days; means determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required where the total floor area of a temporary ; less than 180 days; special amusement area is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m [2] ) and the exit access travel distance from any point in the special amusement area to an exit is less than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

914.7.2 Fire alarm system. Buildings containing special amusement areas shall be equipped throughout with an automatic smoke detection system and an emergency voice/alarm communications system in accordance with Section 907. Presignal alarms and alarm activation shall comply with Sections 914.7.2.1 and 914.7.2.2, and emergency voice/alarm communications systems shall comply with Section 914.7.2.3.
CFC § 418.4 High relevance — show source text
Organic coating 418.4, 418.5, 418.6 Stages and platforms 410.5.1, 410.5.2

Fire Command Center 403.4.6, 412.2.3.2, 911, 3007.7, 3008.6.6, 3008.7 Fire Dampers 717.2, 717.3, 717.4, 717.5 Fire Department (see Emergency Responders) Fire Detection System (see Fire Alarm and Smoke Detection Systems) Fire District Appendix D Fire Door (see Opening Protectives) 716, 1023.4 Fire Escape 412.7.3 Fire Extinguishers, Portable 906, 3309 Fire Extinguishing Systems 416.5, 417.4, 903, 904 Fire Partition 708

Continuity 708.4 Elevator door protection 3006 Exterior walls Table 705.5, 708.5

Fireblocks and draftstops 708.4.3 Fire-resistance rating 603.1, 703, 708.3 Glazing, rated 716.3.4 Inspection 110.3.8 Joint treatment gypsum 2508.5 Joints 708.8, 715 Marking 703.5 Materials 708.2

Opening protection 708.5, 714.4, 716, 717.5.4

Penetrations 708.7, 708.9, 714, 717 Special provisions Covered and open mall buildings 402.4.2.1

Groups I-1, R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4 420.2 Group I-3 408.7 Supporting construction 708.4.2 Fire Prevention 101.4.5

Fire Protection

Explosion control 414.5.1, 415.6, 421.6, 426.1.4 Fire extinguishers, portable 906 Glazing, rated 716.1.2.3 Smoke and heat removal 910 Smoke control systems 909 Sprinkler systems, automatic 903 Fire Protection Systems Chapter 9, 107.2.2 Fire Protective Curtain Assembly 716.4 Fire Pumps 403.3.2, 902.1, 913, 914.2 Fire Resistance

Calculated 722

Conditions of restraint 703.2.1.3 Ducts and air transfer openings 717 Exterior walls 705.5, Table 705.5,

708.5

Fire district D102.2.5 High-rise 403.2 Joint systems 715 Multiple use fire assemblies 702.1 Prescriptive 721 Ratings Chapter 6, 703, 705.5, 707.3.10 Roof assemblies 1505

Structural members 704

Tests 703 Thermal and sound insulating materials 720.1 Fire Resistance, Calculated 722 Clay brick and tile masonry 722.4 Concrete assemblies 722.2

Concrete masonry 722.3 Steel assemblies 722.5

Wood assemblies 722.6 Fire Separation Distance Table 705.5 Exterior walls
CFC § 512.3.1 High relevance — show source text
512.3.1 Access Required. Equipment shall have space provided to all access panels or doors for the safe removal and servicing of control devices, such as filters, electrostatic precipitator cells, and odor control media beds, and for cleaning of the equipment housing. [NFPA 96:9.3.1.3] 512.3.2 Downgrading. Downgrading other parts of the exhaust system due to the installation of approved devices, whether listed or not, shall not be allowed. [NFPA 96:9.3.2] 512.3.3 Fire-Extinguishing System. Any equipment installed in the path of exhaust products that provides secondary filtration or air pollution control shall be provided with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system, installed in accordance with the fire-extinguishing system manufacturer’s instructions. [NFPA 96:9.3.3]

512.3.3.1 Protection. The fire-extinguishing system required by Section 512.3.3 shall provide protection for the component sections of the equipment, and ductwork downstream of the equipment. [NFPA 96:9.3.3.1]

512.3.3.2 Filter Media. Filter media used in secondary filtration or air pollution control units and not complying with Section 509.2.3 shall have fire protection that is adequate for the filter media being used in accordance with the fire-extinguishing system manufacturer’s instructions. [NFPA 96:9.3.3.2]

512.3.4 Source of Ignition. If the equipment provides a source of ignition, it shall be provided with detection to operate the fire-extinguishing system protecting the equipment. [NFPA 96:9.3.4]

512.3.5 Air Recirculation. Where a cooking exhaust system employs an air pollution control device that recirculates air into the building, the requirements of Section 516.0 shall apply. [NFPA 96:9.3.5]

512.3.6 Carbon Monoxide Detector Required. If the heat source is non-electric and open flames are used, a carbon monoxide detector shall be installed in both the kitchen and dining areas. [NFPA 96:9.3.7]

512.4 Solid-Fuel Auxiliary Equipment. Where solid fuel cooking comprises a part of a cooking operation, additional provisions, and equipment as described in Section 517.0 shall be used where required.

513.0 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. 513.1 General. Fire-extinguishing equipment for the protection of grease removal devices, hood exhaust plenums, and exhaust duct systems shall be provided. [NFPA 96:10.1.1]

513.1.1 Devices in Exhaust Ducts. Fume incinerators, thermal recovery units, air pollution control devices, or other devices installed in the exhaust duct, shall be protected by an automatic fire-extinguishing system. [NFPA 96:10.1.3] 513.1.2 Protection. Cooking equipment that produces grease-laden vapors and that might be a source of ignition of grease in the hood, grease removal device, or duct shall be protected by fire-extinguishing equipment.
CFC § 901.5.1 High relevance — show source text
901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the required fire protection and life safety systems have been tested and approved.

901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire protection and life safety systems shall be maintained in an operative condition at all times, and shall be replaced or repaired where defective. Nonrequired fire protection and life safety systems and equipment shall be inspected, tested and maintained or removed in accordance with Section 901.8.

All fire alarm systems, fire detection systems, automatic sprinkler or extinguishing systems, communication systems, and all other equipment, material or systems required by these regulations shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times in accordance with this code and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1. Upon disruption or diminishment of the fire protective qualities of such equipment, material or systems, immediate action shall be instituted to affect a reestablishment of such equipment, material or systems to their original normal and operational condition.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §1.14] Maintenance.

Every fire alarm system or device, sprinkler system, fire extinguisher, fire hose, fire-resistive assembly or any other fire safety assembly, device, material or equipment installed and retained in service in any building or structure subject to California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 regulations shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times in accordance with California Code of Regula- tions, Title 19, Division 1 regulations and with their intended use.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §3.24] Maintenance of Equipment.

All fire alarm systems, fire detection systems, automatic sprinkler or extinguishing systems, communication systems, and all other equip- ment, material or systems required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1 shall be maintained in an operable condition at all times. Upon disruption or diminishment of the fire protective qualities of such equipment, material or systems, immediate action shall be instituted to affect a reestablishment of such equipment material or systems to their original normal and operational condition.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

(a) All automatic fire extinguishing systems, including systems installed as an alternate to other building requirements, shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the following frequencies. Local authorities may require more frequent inspec- tion, testing and maintenance and additional procedures.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(a)(1)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

(1) Water-based fire protection systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the frequencies required by NFPA 25 (2011 edition) including Annexes A, B, C, D and G as amended by the State of California. (Published as NFPA 25, 2013 Califor- nia Edition.)

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904(b)] Required Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Frequencies.

(b) When proof of the installation date of standpipe systems or automatic fire sprinkler systems cannot be furnished, such systems shall receive initial testing and maintenance by July 1, 1985.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §904.2(a)] Testing and Maintenance Requirements.
CFC § 508.0. High relevance — show source text
(2) The primary collection means designed for collecting cooking vapors and residues complying with the requirements of Section 508.0.

(3) Grease removal devices complying with Section 509.0.

(4) Special-purpose filters as listed in accordance with UL 1046.

(5) Exhaust ducts complying with Section 510.0.

(6) The air movement requirements of Section 511.2.1 and Section 511.2.2.

(7) Auxiliary equipment (such as particulate and odor removal devices) complying with Section 512.0.

(8) Fire-extinguishing equipment complying with the requirements of Section 513.0, and as specified in Section 518.3.

(9) The use and maintenance requirements of Section 514.0.

(10)The minimum safety requirements of Section 515.0. {NFPA 96:16.1.1} 518.2 Ventilation System. The downdraft appliance ventilation system shall be capable of capturing and containing all the effluent discharge from the appliance(s) it is serving.

[NFPA 96:16.1.2]

518.3 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment. For fire-extinguishing equipment on downdraft appliance ventilation systems, the following shall apply:

(1) Cooking surface, duct, and plenum protection shall be provided.

(2) At least one fusible link or heat detector shall be installed within each exhaust duct opening in accordance with the manufacturer’s listing.

(3) A fusible link or heat detector shall be provided for each protected cooking appliance located in the plenum area of that appliance or in accordance with the extinguishing system manufacturer’s listing.

(4) A manual actuation device shall be provided as part of each appliance at a height acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

(5) Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 513.10 through Section 513.11.

[NFPA 96:16.2]

518.3.1 Integral Fire-Extinguishing System. A listed downdraft appliance ventilation system employing an integral fire-extinguishing system including detection systems that has been evaluated for grease and smoke capture, fire extinguishing, and detection shall be considered as complying with Section 518.3. [NFPA 96:16.2.1]

518.3.2 Interlocks. The downdraft appliance ventilation system shall be provided with interlocks such that the cooking fuel supply will not be activated unless the exhaust and supply air systems have been activated.

[NFPA 96:16.2.2]

518.4 Airflow Switch or Transducer. An airflow switch or transducer shall be provided after the last filter component to ensure that a minimum airflow is maintained. [NFPA 96:16.3.1]

518.4.1 Interlocks. The airflow switch or transducer shall open the interlock circuit when the airflow falls 25 percent below the system’s normal operating flow or less than 10 percent its listed minimum rating, whichever is lower. [NFPA 96:16.3.2]

518.4.2 Manual Reset. The airflow switch or transducer shall be a manual reset device or circuit. [NFPA 96:16.3.3]

518.5 Surface Materials. Any surface located directly above the cooking appliance shall be of noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. [NFPA 96:16.4]

519.0 Type II Hood Exhaust System Requirements.
CFC § 903.3.1.1. High relevance — show source text
Combustible hangings shall be limited to a single main curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop. 3. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestra enclosures on stages. 4. Sprinklers are not required under catwalks and galleries where they are permitted to be omitted in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

SECTION 411—SPECIAL AMUSEMENT AREAS

411.1 General. Special amusement areas having an occupant load of 50 or more shall comply with the requirements for the appropriate Group A occupancy and Sections 411.1 through 411.6. Special amusement areas having an occupant load of less than 50 shall comply with the requirements for a Group B occupancy and Sections 411.1 through 411.6.

Exceptions:
1. Special amusement areas that are without walls or a roof and constructed to prevent the accumulation of smoke are not required to comply with this section.
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SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE
1. Puzzle rooms provided with a means of egress that is unlocked, readily identifiable and always available are not required to comply with this section.
[F] 411.2 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings containing special amusement areas shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Where the special amusement area is temporary, less than 180 days, the sprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporary means determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required where the total floor area of a temporary, less than 180 days, special amusement area is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m [2] ) and the exit access travel distance from any point in the special amusement area to an exit is less than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

[F] 411.3 Detection and alarm systems. Buildings containing special amusement areas shall be equipped throughout with an automatic smoke detection system and an emergency voice/alarm communications system in accordance with Section 907. Presignal alarms and alarm activation shall comply with Sections 411.3.1 and 411.3.2. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems shall comply with Section 411.3.3.

[F] 411.3.1 Alarm presignal. Activation of any single smoke detector, the automatic sprinkler system or any other single automatic fire-detection device shall immediately initiate an audible and visible alarm at a constantly attended location at the special amusement area from which emergency action, including the manual requirements in Section 411.3.2, can be initiated.

[F] 411.3.2 Alarm activation. Activation of two or more smoke detectors, a single smoke detector equipped with an alarm verification feature, two or more other approved fire detection devices, the automatic sprinkler system, or a manual control located at the constantly attended station required by Section 411.3.1 shall automatically accomplish all of the following:

CFC § 2.1 High relevance — show source text

(d) Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 Occupancies. In Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies, a continuously attached garden hose, equipped with a water flow control nozzle, may be provided in lieu of one or more required fire extinguishers when acceptable to the enforcing agency. The location and length of such hose shall be as designated or approved by the enforcing agency.

NOTE: It is recommended that, wherever possible, portable fire extinguishers be located adjacent to manual fire alarm sending stations.

[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, §565(a)] Selection of Fire Extinguishers.

(a) The selection of extinguishers for a given situation shall be determined by the authority having jurisdiction in accordance with adopted codes or ordinances. The character of the fires anticipated, the construction and occupancy of the individual property, the vehicle or hazard to be protected, ambient-temperature conditions and other factors shall be considered. The number, size, place- ment and limitations of use of extinguishers required shall be determined by using California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Sections 567 through 573.

Exception: Portable fire extinguishers are not required at normally unmanned Group U occupancy buildings or structures where a portable fire extinguisher suitable to the hazard of the location is provided on the vehicle of visiting personnel.

TABLE 906.1—ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS	Col2
SECTION	SUBJECT
303.5	Asphalt kettles
307.5	Open burning
308.1.3	Open flames—torches
309.4	Powered industrial trucks
1204.10	Portable generators
2005.2	Aircraft towing vehicles
2005.3	Aircraft welding apparatus
2005.4	Aircraft fuel-servicing tank vehicles
2005.5	Aircraft hydrant fuel-servicing vehicles
2005.6	Aircraft fuel-dispensing stations
2007.7	Heliports and helistops
2108.4	Dry cleaning plants
2305.5	Motor fuel-dispensing facilities
2310.6.4	Marine motor fuel-dispensing facilities
2311.6	Repair garages
2404.6.1	Spray-finishing operations
2405.4.2	Dip-tank operations
2406.4.2	Powder-coating areas
2804.3	Lumberyards/woodworking facilities
2808.8	Recycling facilities
2809.5	Exterior lumber storage
2903.5	Organic-coating areas
3006.3	Industrial ovens
3108.9	Tents and membrane structures
3206.10	High-piled storage
3306.6	Buildings under construction or demolition
3305.10.2	Roofing operations
3408.2	Tire rebuilding/storage
3504.2.6	Welding and other hot work
3604.4	Marinas
3703.6	Combustible fibers

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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

CFC § 1207.5.4 High relevance — show source text
1. Where approved, installations shall be permitted in underground vaults complying with the California Electrical Code, Article 450, Part III.
2. Where approved by the fire code official, installations shall be permitted on higher and lower floors. 1207.5.4 Fire detection. An approved automatic smoke detection system or radiant energy-sensing fire detection system complying with Section 907.2 shall be installed in rooms, indoor areas and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS. An approved radiant energy-sensing fire detection system shall be installed to protect open parking garage and rooftop installations. Alarm signals from detection systems shall be transmitted to a central station, proprietary or remote station service in accordance with NFPA 72, or where approved to a constantly attended location. Exception: Normally unoccupied, remote stand-alone telecommunications structures with a gross floor area of less than 1,500 square feet (139 m [2] ) utilizing lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries shall not be required to have a fire detection system installed. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)
1207.5.4.1 System status. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems that are used for DC power for control of substations and control or safe shutdown of generating stations under the exclusive control of the electric utility, and located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations, shall be allowed to use the process control system to monitor the smoke or radiant energy-sensing fire detectors required in Section 1207.5.4. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.) 1207.5.5 Fire suppression systems. Rooms and areas within buildings and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS shall be protected by an automatic fire suppression system designed and installed in accordance with one of the following:
1. Automatic sprinkler systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 for ESS units (groups) with a maximum stored energy capacity of 50 kWh, as described in Section 1207.5.1, shall be designed with a minimum density of 0.3 gpm/ft [2] (1.14 L/min) based over the area of the room or 2,500 square-foot (232 m [2] ) design area, whichever is smaller, unless a lower density is approved based on large-scale fire testing in accordance with Section 1207.1.7.
2. Automatic sprinkler systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 for ESS units (groups) exceeding 50 kWh shall use a density based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.
3. The following alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 904, provided that the installation is approved by the fire code official based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7:
3.1. NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems . 3.2. NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection . 3.3. NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems . 3.4. NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire-Extinguishing Systems . 3.5. NFPA 2010, Standard for Fixed Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing Systems . Exceptions: 1.

Frequently asked questions

What is the single required suppression system for a new sound stage?

An approved automatic fire sprinkler system designed to the Extra Hazard, Group 2 minimum is required for new sound stages (see § 4805.2).

When does a solid‑ceiling set require detection?

Interior solid‑ceiling sets over 600 sq ft (or platforms over 600 sq ft and exceeding 3 ft in height) must have either a listed heat detector system tied to a constantly attended alarm, allow sprinkler operation after work, an approved fire watch, or be reviewed by the fire code official (see § 4805.3).

Can I use smoke detectors instead of heat detectors for sets?

§ 4805.3 specifically calls for an approved and listed heat detector system for the large solid‑ceiling sets; any alternate detection type must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction or provided as part of an alternate protection scheme. § 4805.3.

Are dressing rooms and shops associated with a stage required to be sprinkled?

Yes — sprinklers are required in dressing rooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory to stages per the stage coverage provisions (see § 914.6.1).

Do fire alarm control units need special listing?

Yes — fire alarm control units must be California State Fire Marshal listed and used in accordance with their listing. § 4806.1.

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California Fire Code