CFC · California Fire Code

What CFC requirements apply to upholstered furniture and mattresses?

If you bring new sofas or mattresses into covered occupancies (hospital units, dorms, etc.), they must resist cigarette ignition, meet peak and 10‑minute heat‑release caps (unless the room is sprinklered), and carry an approved‑agency label proving compliance under §805.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

Newly introduced upholstered furniture and mattresses in specified occupancies must resist cigarette ignition, have limited heat‑release during standardized tests, and carry an identification label from an approved agency showing compliance. The requirements are contained in §805 and the occupancy‑specific subsections such as §805.2.1.2 (Group I‑2/Group B heat‑release limits) and §805.4.1.2 (Group R‑2 dormitory heat‑release limits).

The single most important practical rule: newly introduced upholstered furniture and mattresses must pass specific cigarette‑ignition and heat‑release tests (or be in a sprinkler‑protected space) and must be labeled to prove it.

Requirements in detail

Scope and applicability

  • “Newly introduced” means furniture or mattresses newly put into service in the regulated occupancies covered by §805 (see the section header and the occupancy subsections).
  • The code separates requirements by occupancy group (examples shown below): Group I‑2 and Group B ambulatory care (§805.2), Group I‑3 (detention/correction, §805.3), and Group R‑2 dormitories (§805.4).

Tests and performance thresholds

The following table summarizes the decision‑relevant test outcomes, numeric thresholds, and the code location to check.

Item Test standard(s) Key threshold / value Code reference
Upholstered furniture — cigarette ignition (char length) NFPA 261 (mockup) or NFPA 260 (components) Char ≤ 1.5 in (38 mm) for mock‑ups / components meet Class I §805.2.1.1 (Group I‑2 / B)
Upholstered furniture — heat release (single item) ASTM E1537 or CA TB 133 Peak HRR ≤ 80 kW; Total first‑10‑min HR ≤ 25 MJ §805.2.1.2 (Group I‑2 / B) and §805.4.1.2 (R‑2 dorms)
Mattresses — cigarette ignition (char length) DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 Char ≤ 2 in (51 mm) §805.2.2.1 (Group I‑2 / B)
Mattresses — heat release (single item) ASTM E1590 or CA TB 129 Peak HRR ≤ 100 kW; Total first‑10‑min HR ≤ 25 MJ §805.2.2.2 (Group I‑2 / B) and corresponding R/I sections
Identification / labeling — Label from an approved agency confirming compliance with the cited tests §805.2.1.3, §805.2.2.3, §805.4.1.3, §805.4.2.3

Notes:

  • The heat‑release thresholds above are applied to the single upholstered furniture item or single mattress as tested by the referenced standards.
  • The cigarette‑ignition test shows required resistance to smoldering/ignition by a burning cigarette; models differ (mock‑up composite vs. component testing).

Labeling / identification

  • The code requires that compliant items “shall bear the label of an approved agency” confirming they met the cigarette‑ignition and heat‑release criteria listed in the applicable subsections. See §805.2.1.3 and §805.2.2.3 for Group I‑2/B and parallel §805.4 subsections for R‑2 dormitories.

Exceptions & special cases

  • Automatic sprinkler exception: If the furniture or mattress is in a room/space protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with §903.3.1.1, the heat‑release caps (peak HRR and total 10‑min HR) do not apply (an exception is explicitly stated in the furniture and mattress heat‑release subsections). Check the exception language in the applicable §805 subsection.
  • Patient‑owned upholstered furniture: In Group I‑2 sleeping rooms (Condition 1), upholstered furniture belonging to the patient may be exempt from the cigarette‑ignition requirement provided a smoke detector is installed in the room (battery single‑station allowed). See §805.2.1.1 Exception.
  • Occupancy differences: The same numeric thresholds for heat release are used in the Group I, Group R‑2 dormitory, and Group I‑3 detention subsections, but the precise test standards cited or additional test options (for example, mass‑loss tests for some detention‑facility mattresses) can vary — always read the occupancy subsection in §805.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming a label is optional. The code explicitly requires an approved‑agency label showing compliance; unlabeled product means no documented compliance under §805.
  • Mixing test standards or thresholds. Upholstered furniture uses ASTM E1537 / CA TB 133 (80 kW peak, 25 MJ/10 min) while mattresses use ASTM E1590 / CA TB 129 (100 kW peak, 25 MJ/10 min); don’t swap numbers between categories. §805.2.1.2 vs §805.2.2.2.
  • Ignoring sprinkler exceptions. If the room is sprinkler‑protected in accordance with §903.3.1.1, the heat‑release exceptions may apply — verify the sprinkler design and whether the space is actually protected.
  • Relying on older or out‑of‑scope tests. Use the specific tests listed in the applicable § (e.g., NFPA 261, NFPA 260, ASTM E1537, ASTM E1590, DOC 16 CFR Part 1632, CA TB 129/133). The code lists the acceptable test methods in each subsection.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A university dormitory is purchasing a new lounge sofa to place in a common lounge (Group R‑2 dormitory).

  1. Identify applicable subsection: §805.4.1 covers upholstered furniture in Group R‑2 dormitories.
  2. Required performance: The sofa, as a single upholstered furniture item, must have peak HRR ≤ 80 kW and total heat released in first 10 min ≤ 25 MJ when tested per ASTM E1537 or California TB 133. If the sofa fails (e.g., peak HRR measured = 95 kW), it does not meet §805.4.1.2 unless the space is sprinkler‑protected.
  3. Sprinkler exception check: If the lounge is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with §903.3.1.1, the heat‑release limits in §805.4.1.2 are excepted for that item. Confirm protection and document.
  4. Labeling: Whether the sofa passes or is excepted, the code requires the furniture to bear a label from an approved agency confirming compliance per §805.4.1.3 (or the manufacturer must be able to document compliance).

Related provisions

  • §805 — General section heading and scope for upholstered furniture and mattresses.
  • §805.2.1.2 — Heat‑release limits for upholstered furniture in Group I‑2 / Group B occupancies.
  • §805.4.1.2 — Heat‑release limits for upholstered furniture in Group R‑2 college/university dormitories.
  • §805.2.2.2 / §805.4.2.2 — Mattress heat‑release and test standards (ASTM E1590 / CA TB 129).
  • §805.2.1.1 / §805.2.2.1 — Cigarette‑ignition resistance requirements (NFPA 261 / NFPA 260 for furniture; DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 for mattresses).
  • §903.3.1.1 — Automatic sprinkler system standard referenced by the exceptions in §805 (verify sprinkler protection to apply the heat‑release exceptions).

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Fire Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CFC § 804.1. High relevance — show source text

    Exception: Interior trim materials that comply with Section 804.1.

    SECTION 805—UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS

    805.1 Reserved.

    805.2 Group I-2 and Group B ambulatory care facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to Group I-2 occupancies and Group B ambulatory care facilities.

    805.2.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3.

    805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture belonging to the patients in sleeping rooms of Group I-2, Condition 1 occupancies, provided that a smoke detector is installed in such rooms. Battery-powered, single-station smoke alarms shall be allowed.

    805.2.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.2.1.1 and 805.2.1.2.

    805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 through 805.2.2.3.

    805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

    805.2.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1. The total heat released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

  • CFC § 903.3.1.1. High relevance — show source text
    1. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.2.1.1 and 805.2.1.2.

    805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 through 805.2.2.3.

    805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

    805.2.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1. The total heat released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.

    805.3 Group I-3, detention and correction facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall apply to detention and correction facilities classified in Group I-3.

    805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 through 805.3.1.3.

    8-8 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

    805.3.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:

    1. Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261.

    2. The components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1537, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.
    2. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.
  • CFC § 805.4 High relevance — show source text

    805.4 Group R-2 college and university dormitories. The requirements of Sections 805.4.1 through 805.4.2.3 shall apply to college and university dormitories classified in Group R-2, including decks, porches and balconies.

    805.4.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.4.1.1 through 805.4.1.3.

    805.4.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:

    1. Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261.

    2. The components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    805.4.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    805.4.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.4.1.1 and 805.4.1.2.

    805.4.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.4.2.1 through 805.4.2.3.

    805.4.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

    805.4.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8-9

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

    1. The total heat released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    805.4.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.4.2.1 and 805.4.2.2.

  • CFC § 805.3.1.3 High relevance — show source text

    805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 and 805.3.1.2.

    805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 through 805.3.2.3.

    805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

    805.3.2.2 Fire performance tests. Newly introduced mattresses shall be tested in accordance with Section 805.3.2.2.1 or 805.3.2.2.2.

    805.3.2.2.1 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.
    2. The total heat released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    805.3.2.2.2 Mass loss test. Newly introduced mattresses shall have a mass loss not exceeding 15 percent of the initial mass of the mattress where tested in accordance with the test in Annex A3 of ASTM F1085.

    805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.

    805.4 Group R-2 college and university dormitories. The requirements of Sections 805.4.1 through 805.4.2.3 shall apply to college and university dormitories classified in Group R-2, including decks, porches and balconies.

    805.4.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.4.1.1 through 805.4.1.3.

    805.4.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:

    1. Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261.

    2. The components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    805.4.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    1. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

  • CFC § 805.2.2.3 High relevance — show source text

    805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2.

    805.3 Group I-3, detention and correction facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall apply to detention and correction facilities classified in Group I-3.

    805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 through 805.3.1.3.

    8-8 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

    805.3.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following:

    1. Mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261.

    2. The components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1537, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 kW.
    2. The total heat released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.1.1 and 805.3.1.2.

    805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 through 805.3.2.3.

    805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (51 mm).

    805.3.2.2 Fire performance tests. Newly introduced mattresses shall be tested in accordance with Section 805.3.2.2.1 or 805.3.2.2.2.

    805.3.2.2.1 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat release when tested in accordance with ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows:

    1. The peak rate of heat release for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.
    2. The total heat released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ.

    805.3.2.2.2 Mass loss test. Newly introduced mattresses shall have a mass loss not exceeding 15 percent of the initial mass of the mattress where tested in accordance with the test in Annex A3 of ASTM F1085.

    805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.

  • CFC § 805.3.2.2.2 High relevance — show source text

    805.3.2.2.2

    F2006—21: Standard/Safety Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices for Non-Emergency Escape (Egress) and Rescue (Ingress) Windows

    1015.8

    F2090—21: Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices with Emergency Escape (Egress) Release Mechanisms

    1015.8, 1031.2.1

    F2200—20: Standard Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction

    503.5, 503.6

    F2374— 21a : Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices

    3106.2

    BHMA Builders Hardware Manufacturers’ Association, 355 Lexington Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10017

    A156.10—2022: Power-Operated Pedestrian Doors

    1010.3.2

    A156.19—2019: Power Assist and Low-Energy Power-Operated Doors

    1010.3.2

    A156.27—2019: Power- and Manual-Operated Revolving Pedestrian Doors

    1010.3.1, 1010.3.1.1

    A156.38—2019: Low-Energy Power-Operated Sliding and Folding Doors

    1010.3.2

    CA State of California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Household Goods and Services, 4244 South Market Court, Suite D, Sacramento, CA 95834-1243

    California Technical Bulletin 129—1992: Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public Buildings

    805.2.2.2, 805.3.2.2.1, 805.4.2.2

    California Technical Bulletin 116: Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing of the Flame Retardance of Upholstered Furniture

    805.2.1.2, 805.4.1.2

    California Technical Bulletin 117: Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture

    805.2.1.2, 805.4.1.2

    CGA Compressed Gas Association, 14501 George Carter Way, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151

    ANSI/CGA G-13—(2015): Storage and Handling of Silane and Silane Mixtures

    6404.1, 6404.2, 6405.3

    ANSI/CGA P-18—(2018): Standard for Bulk Inert Gas Systems

    5501.1

    C-7—(2020): Guide to Classification and Labeling of Compressed Gases

    5303.4.2, 5503.4.2

    P-1—(2015): Standard for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers

    5305.7

    S-1.1—(2019): Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 1—Cylinders for Compressed Gases

    5303.3.2, 5503.2

    S-1.2—(2019): Pressure Relief Device Standards—Part 2—Portable Containers for Compressed Gases

    5303.3.2, 5503.2

    80-8 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

  • CFC § 903.2.4 High relevance — show source text

    903.2.4 Group F-1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all buildings containing a Group F-1 occupancy where one of the following conditions exists:

    1. A Group F-1 fire area exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115 m [2] ).
    2. A Group F-1 fire area is located more than three stories above grade plane.
    3. The combined area of all Group F-1 fire areas on all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds 24,000 square feet (2230 m [2] ).
    4. A Group F-1 occupancy is used to manufacture lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries.
    5. A Group F-1 occupancy is used to manufacture vehicles, energy storage systems or equipment containing lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries where the batteries are installed as part of the manufacturing process.

    903.2.4.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all Group F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking operations in excess of 2,500 square feet (232 m [2] ) in area that generate finely divided combustible waste or use finely divided combustible materials. [SFM] A fire wall of less than 4-hour fire-resistance rating with- out openings, or any fire wall with openings, shall not be used to establish separate fire areas.

    903.2.4.2 Group F-1 distilled spirits. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group F-1 fire area used for the manufacture of distilled spirits.

    903.2.4.3 Group F-1 upholstered furniture or mattresses. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group F-1 fire area that exceeds 2,500 square feet (232 m [2] ) used for the manufacture of upholstered furniture or mattresses.

    903.2.5 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.5.1 through 903.2.5.3.

    903.2.5.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies.

    903.2.5.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H5 occupancies. The design of the automatic sprinkler system shall be not less than that required under the California Building Code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.5.2.

    Where the design area of the automatic sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.

    TABLE 903.2.5.2—GROUP H-5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA Col2
    LOCATION OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
    Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2
    Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2

    903.2.5.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

  • CFC § 903.2.4.1 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 903.2.4.1 Woodworking operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all Group F-1 occupancy fire areas that contain woodworking operations in excess of 2,500 square feet (232 m [2] ) in area that generate finely divided combustible waste or use finely divided combustible materials.

    [SFM] A fire wall of less than four-hour fire-resistance rating without openings, or any fire wall with openings, shall not be used to establish separate fire areas.

    [F] 903.2.4.2 Group F-1 distilled spirits. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group F-1 fire area used for the manufacture of distilled spirits.

    [F] 903.2.4.3 Group F-1 upholstered furniture or mattresses. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group F-1 fire area that exceeds 2,500 square feet (232 m [2] ) used for the manufacture of upholstered furniture or

    mattresses.

    2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 9-9

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    [F] 903.2.5 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.5.1 through 903.2.5.3.

    [F] 903.2.5.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies.

    [F] 903.2.5.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the automatic sprinkler system shall be not less than that required by this code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.5.2.

    Where the design area of the automatic sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.

    [F] TABLE 903.2.5.2—GROUP H-5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA Col2
    LOCATION OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
    Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2
    Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2

    [F] 903.2.5.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

    903.2.5.4 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. The fire sprinkler system shall be designed and zoned to provide separate indication upon water-flow for each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier on the 11th story and above.

    [F] 903.2.6 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

  • CFC § 804.3.3.3. High relevance — show source text

    For Group I-3 areas occupied by inmates or Group I-2 areas where patients are restrained, see Section 804.3.3.3.

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 8-7

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

    804.3.3.3 Group I-2 and Group I-3 floor surfaces. Interior floor finish and floor coverings occupied by inmates or patients whose personal liberties are restrained shall be noncombustible. Carpet or other floor covering materials may be used in areas protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Carpet or other floor coverings shall comply with the requirements of ASTM Standard E648; the minimum critical radiant flux shall be not less than Class I and the specific optical density smoke rating shall not exceed 450 per ASTM E662. Carpeting and carpet padding shall be tested as a unit in accordance with floor covering radiant panel test meeting Class 1 and has a critical radiant flux limit of not less than 0.45 watt per centimeter square. The carpeting and padding shall be identified by a hang-tag or other suitable method as to manufacturer and style and shall indicate the classification of the material based on the limits set forth above.

    804.4 Interior floor-wall base. Interior floor-wall base that is 6 inches (152 mm) or less in height shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E648 or NFPA 253 and shall be not less than Class II. Where a Class I floor finish is required, the floor-wall base shall be Class I. The classification referred to herein corresponds to the classifications determined by ASTM E648 or NFPA 253 as follows: Class I, 0.45 watt/cm [2] or greater; Class II, 0.22 watts/cm [2] or greater.

    Exception: Interior trim materials that comply with Section 804.1.

    SECTION 805—UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS

    805.1 Reserved.

    805.2 Group I-2 and Group B ambulatory care facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to Group I-2 occupancies and Group B ambulatory care facilities.

    805.2.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3.

    805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up composites of the upholstered furniture shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (38 mm) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of the upholstered furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

    Exception: Upholstered furniture belonging to the patients in sleeping rooms of Group I-2, Condition 1 occupancies, provided that a smoke detector is installed in such rooms. Battery-powered, single-station smoke alarms shall be allowed.

  • CFC § 9-16 Medium relevance — show source text

    9-16 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    1. Buildings not more than one story above grade plane, with a fire area containing a repair garage exceeding 12,000 square feet (1115 m [2] ).
    2. Buildings with repair garages servicing vehicles parked in basements.
    3. A Group S-1 fire area used for the repair of commercial motor vehicles where the fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (464 m [2] ).
    4. A Group S-1 fire area used for the storage of lithium-ion or lithium metal powered vehicles where the fire area exceeds 500 square feet (46.4 m [2] ).

    903.2.9.2 Bulk storage of tires. Buildings and structures where the area for the storage of tires exceeds 20,000 cubic feet (566 m [3] ) shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

    903.2.9.3 Group S-1 distilled spirits or wine. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group S-1 fire area used for the bulk storage of distilled spirits or wine.

    903.2.9.4 Group S-1 upholstered furniture and mattresses. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout a Group S-1 fire area where the area used for the storage of upholstered furniture or mattresses exceeds 2,500 square feet (232 m [2] ).

    Exception: Self-service storage facilities not greater than one story above grade plane where all storage spaces can be accessed directly from the exterior.

    903.2.10 Group S-2 parking garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings classified as parking garages where any of the following conditions exist:

    1. Where the fire area of the enclosed parking garage, in accordance with Section 406.6 of the California Building Code, exceeds 12,000 square feet (1115 m [2] ).
    2. Where the enclosed parking garage, in accordance with Section 406.6 of the California Building Code, is located beneath other groups.

    Exception: Enclosed parking garages located beneath Group R-3 occupancies. 3. Where the fire area of the open parking garage, in accordance with Section 406.5 of the California Building Code, exceeds 48,000 square feet (4460 m [2] ).

    903.2.10.1 Commercial parking garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings used for storage of commercial motor vehicles where the fire area exceeds 5,000 square feet (464 m [2] ).

    903.2.10.2 Mechanical-access enclosed parking garages. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings used for the storage of motor vehicles in a mechanical-access enclosed parking garage. The portion of the building that contains the mechanical-access enclosed parking garage shall be protected with a specially engineered automatic sprinkler system.

    903.2.11 Specific buildings areas and hazards. In all occupancies other than Group U, an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed for building design or hazards in the locations set forth in Sections 903.2.11.1 through 903.2.11.6.

    **903.2.11.1 Stories without openings.

  • CFC § 7-4 Medium relevance — show source text

    703 Penetrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

    704 Joints and Voids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

    705 Door and Window Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 706 Duct and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 707 Concealed Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 708 Spray Fire-Resistant Materials and Intumescent Fire-Resistant Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

    709 Exterior Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

    CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE

    MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

    801 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

    2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE xxiii

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CONTENTS

    802 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

    803 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 804 Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim and Interior Floor Finish in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7 805 Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 806 Natural Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 807 Decorative Materials and Artificial Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings. . . . . . . 8-10 808 Furnishings Other than Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

    CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY

    SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

  • CFC § 8-3 Medium relevance — show source text

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    CONTENTS

    802 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

    803 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 804 Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim and Interior Floor Finish in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7 805 Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 806 Natural Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 807 Decorative Materials and Artificial Decorative Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings. . . . . . . 8-10 808 Furnishings Other than Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

    CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY

    SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

    901 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

    902 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11

    903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13 904 Alternative Automatic Fire-Extinguishing Systems . 9-24 905 Standpipe Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28 906 Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31 907 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39 908 Emergency Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57 909 Smoke Control Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57 910 Smoke and Heat Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66

Frequently asked questions

How do I prove compliance for an upholstered sofa?

Have the manufacturer provide an approved‑agency label and test reports showing the item met the cigarette‑ignition and heat‑release requirements in the applicable §805 subsection (see §805.2.1.3 / §805.4.1.3).

If my dorm lounge is fully sprinklered, do the heat limits matter?

If the room is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed per §903.3.1.1, the heat‑release limits in the applicable §805 subsection are excepted for those items; confirm the sprinkler coverage and document it.

Are patient‑owned chairs in a hospital room exempt?

In Group I‑2 sleeping rooms (Condition 1), patient‑owned upholstered furniture may be exempt from the cigarette‑ignition requirement provided a smoke detector is installed in the room (battery single‑station smoke alarms allowed). See §805.2.1.1 Exception.

What test standards should I request for a mattress?

Ask for test reports showing compliance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 (cigarette ignition) and ASTM E1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129 (heat release), with peak HRR and 10‑minute total HR results as required in §805.2.2.1 and §805.2.2.2.

Is labeling required even if the product is listed as “fire‑retardant”?

Yes — the code requires an approved‑agency label specifically confirming compliance with the §805 test criteria; general marketing claims are not the same as the required label. See §805.2.1.3 and §805.2.2.3.

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