CEBC · California Existing Building Code

What are the rules for replacement glazing in hazardous locations?

If you replace glass that sits in a CEBC-defined “hazardous location” (near doors, low large panes, guards, stairs, etc.), CEBC **§ 402.1** requires using safety glazing that meets the California Building Code or Residential Code test, labeling, and class requirements — measure the clearances and pane size first and choose tempered/laminated glazing that carries the proper identification.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Replacement glazing located in a hazardous location must be replaced with safety glazing that meets the same safety glazing requirements used for new construction under the California building codes — i.e., the California Building Code or California Residential Code, as applicable. This is the requirement of § 402.1 of the California Existing Building Code (CEBC).

If you replace a pane that sits where people can easily walk into it (a "hazardous location"), the replacement must be safety glazing meeting the CBC/CRC test and labeling rules, per CEBC § 402.1.

Requirements in detail

Controlling CEBC provision

  • § 402.1 (CEBC): "Replacement glazing in hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of the California Building Code or California Residential Code as applicable."

Because § 402.1 delegates to the Codes for the details, you must read those applicable provisions to decide what glazing is a hazardous location and what safety glazing is required.

What the CBC/CRC actually require (summary of the referenced requirements)

  • The CBC defines specific hazardous locations for glazing in Chapter 24 and establishes identification/testing/labeling and material requirements for safety glazing (see § 2406.3 and § 2406.4).
  • The CRC has parallel provisions in R324 (identification, hazardous-location definitions, testing categories and exceptions) that apply to residential work delegated by CEBC § 402.1.

Key decision dimensions (quick reference table)

Decision factor Threshold / value What that triggers Code Reference
Is the glazing being replaced located in a "hazardous location"? See rows below for specific locations (e.g., door panels, within 24 inches of a door, bottom edge < 18 in, pane > 9 ft², within 36 in of walking surface, guards & railings) If YES → replacement must be safety glazing meeting CBC/CRC requirements CEBC § 402.1 -> CBC § 2406.4 / CRC R324.4
Glazing in doors All fixed & operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors Always hazardous unless small opening (see exception) → safety glazing required CBC § 2406.4.1
Glazing adjacent to doors Nearest vertical edge within 24 inches of either edge of the door and bottom exposed edge < 60 inches above walking surface Hazardous → safety glazing required (exceptions apply) CBC § 2406.4.2 / CRC R324.4.2
Glazing in windows (large low panes) Individual pane exposed area > 9 ft², bottom edge < 18 inches, top edge > 36 inches, and walking surface within 36 inches horizontally Hazardous → safety glazing required; size and test class influence required test standard/class CBC § 2406.4.3 / CRC R324.4.3
Guards & railings glazing Any glazed infill used in guards/railings (any area or height) Always hazardous → safety glazing required CBC § 2406.4.4
Glazing near stairs/ramps Bottom exposed edge < 36 inches above walking surface adjacent to stairs/ramps Hazardous → safety glazing required (CRC details) CRC R324.4.6
Test standards / labeling CPSC 16 CFR 1201 (Category I/II) or ANSI Z97.1 where allowed; manufacturer identification/label required except limited exceptions Replacement safety glazing must meet the applicable test/class and be identified per CBC/CRC labeling rules CBC § 2406.3; CRC R324.1; testing references R324.3.1 / Table R324.3.1(1)/(2)

Identification & testing

  • Safety glazing installed as replacement must be identified/marked by manufacturer or installer and include the safety glazing standard it complies with (acid-etched, sand-blast, ceramic-fired, laser etch, embossed, or label), per § 2406.3 (CBC) / R324.1 (CRC).
  • The CBC/CRC require testing in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR 1201 (Category II for most hazardous locations; Category I or ANSI Z97.1 permitted in some cases) — see R324.3.1 and Table R324.3.1 for the category/class required depending on pane size and location.

Exceptions & special cases

  • CEBC § 402.1 includes a CEBC exception: glass block walls, louvered windows and jalousies repaired with like materials are exempt from the CEBC replacement safety-glazing mandate.
  • CBC and CRC contain additional exceptions for hazardous-location rules, commonly including: decorative glazing, glazed openings too small for a 3‑inch‑diameter sphere to pass, glazing with an intervening permanent barrier, and specific exemptions for certain outboard panes or closet doors (see CBC § 2406.4.1–.4.3 and CRC R324.4). These exceptions must be checked against the precise code language for the particular situation.
  • The CRC prohibits wired glass with exposed wire on longitudinal edges in louvered windows/jalousies (see R324.2.1). If repairing jalousies or louvers with like materials (CEBC exception above), check CRC material rules if residential.

If a specific exception or special-case detail is not present in the CEBC excerpt you are relying on, consult the full CBC or CRC section cited above; the CEBC statement in § 402.1 is a clear delegation but does not print every exception or test-table itself.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming "replacement" is exempt: the CEBC § 402.1 explicitly requires replacement glazing in hazardous locations to meet the safety glazing requirements for new work — you cannot avoid safety glazing by calling the action a replacement.
  • Missing the dimensional tests that create a hazardous location: owners/contractors often forget the thresholds (24 inches, 60 inches, 36 inches, 18 inches, 9 ft²) that define hazardous glazing — measure before deciding the replacement product. See CBC § 2406.4 / CRC R324.4.
  • Using unlabeled safety glass or incorrect test class: replacements must be identified per § 2406.3 (CBC) and meet the correct test category/class in CRC R324.3.1 / CBC testing requirements.
  • Installing wired glass where prohibited (e.g., wired glass with exposed wire in jalousies is disallowed by CRC R324.2.1).

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: You are replacing a single pane in a living room window. The pane measures 12.0 ft² exposed area, the bottom edge is 12 inches above the finished floor, the top edge is 84 inches above the floor, and the exterior walking surface (patio edge) is 24 inches horizontally from the plane of the glazing.

Step 1 — Is it a hazardous location?

  • Pane area > 9 ft² (12 ft²) → meets one criterion.
  • Bottom edge < 18 inches (12 in) and top edge > 36 inches (84 in) → meets those criteria.
  • Walking surface within 36 inches horizontally (24 in) → meets that criterion.
    Conclusion: this is a hazardous location under CBC § 2406.4.3 / CRC R324.4.3; CEBC § 402.1 makes the replacement subject to safety glazing requirements.

Step 2 — What safety glazing is required?

  • Because area > 9 ft², the glazing test/class required will be the higher category (see CRC Table R324.3.1 which generally requires Category II or ANSI/Class A where applicable). Use CPSC 16 CFR 1201 Category II testing or the ANSI equivalent per the code tables.

Step 3 — Identification/labeling

  • The replacement safety glazing must carry the manufacturer/installer mark or a label indicating the safety glazing standard (acid-etch, ceramic fired, etc.) per CBC § 2406.3 / CRC R324.1.

Net result: Replace the pane with tempered or laminated glazing that meets the required Category/Class and is properly labeled. The CEBC § 402.1 mandates this compliance by reference to the CBC/CRC.

Related provisions

  • CEBC § 402.1 — Replacement glazing in hazardous locations (controlling CEBC text).
  • CBC § 2406.3 — Identification/marking of safety glazing.
  • CBC § 2406.4 — Hazardous locations that require safety glazing (2406.4.1 through 2406.4.7).
  • CRC R324.1, R324.3.1, R324.4 — Residential identification, testing categories and hazardous-location definitions.
  • CEBC Appendix A 402A.1 (Glass replacement advisory) — guidance that the installation/replacement follow CBC requirements.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Existing Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CEBC § 401.3 High relevance — show source text

    [BS] 401.3 Flood hazard areas. In flood hazard areas, repairs that constitute substantial improvement shall require that the building comply with Section 1612 of the California Building Code, or Section R306 of the California Residential Code, as applicable.

    SECTION 402—BUILDING ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

    402.1 Glazing in hazardous locations. Replacement glazing in hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of the California Building Code or California Residential Code as applicable.

    Exception: Glass block walls, louvered windows and jalousies repaired with like materials.

    402.2 Existing materials. [HCD] Existing materials shall comply with Section 302.3.

    402.3 New and replacement materials. [HCD & HCD 2] New and replacement materials used for repairs shall comply with Section 302.4.

    SECTION 403—FIRE PROTECTION

    403.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of fire protection provided.

    SECTION 404—MEANS OF EGRESS

    404.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of protection provided for the means of egress.

    SECTION 405—STRUCTURAL

    [BS] 405.1 General. Structural damage shall be repaired in compliance with this section and Section 401.2.

    405.1.1 Structural concrete. Repair of structural concrete shall be permitted to comply with ACI 562 Section 1.7, except where Section 405.2.2, 405.2.3 or 405.2.4.1 requires compliance with Section 304.3.

    [BS] 405.2 Repairs to damaged buildings. Repairs to damaged buildings shall comply with this section.

    [BS] 405.2.1 Repairs for less than substantial structural damage. Unless otherwise required by this section, for damage less than substantial structural damage, the damaged elements shall be permitted to be restored to their predamage condition.

    [BS] 405.2.1.1 Snow damage. Structural components whose damage was caused by or related to snow load effects shall be repaired, replaced or altered to satisfy the requirements of Section 1608 of the California Building Code .

    [BS] 405.2.2 Disproportionate earthquake damage. A building assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F that has sustained disproportionate earthquake damage shall be subject to the requirements for buildings with substantial structural damage to vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system.

    [BS] 405.2.3 Substantial structural damage to vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system. A building that has sustained substantial structural damage to the vertical elements of its lateral force-resisting system shall be evaluated in accordance with Section 405.2.3.1, and either repaired in accordance with Section 405.2.3.2 or repaired and retrofitted in accordance with Section 405.2.3.3, depending on the results of the evaluation.

    Exceptions:

    1. Buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category A, B or C whose substantial structural damage was not caused by earthquake need not be evaluated or retrofitted for load combinations that include earthquake effects.

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    REPAIRS

  • CEBC § 401.1 High relevance — show source text

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    4 REPAIRS

    User notes:

    About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements for repairs of existing buildings. The provisions define conditions under which repairs may be made using materials and methods like those of the original construction or the extent to which repairs must comply with requirements for new buildings.

    SECTION 401—GENERAL

    401.1 Scope. R epairs shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. Repairs to historic buildings and structures shall comply with Part 8, Title 24, C.C.R. [OSHPD 1R, 2, 4 & 5] Repairs to historic buildings not adopted by OSHPD. Repairs shall comply with the requirements in the California Building Code, Sections 1224.2, 1225.2, 1226.2, 1227.2 and 1228.2 for functional requirements as applicable.

    401.1.1 Bleachers, folding and telescopic seating and grandstands. Repairs to existing bleachers, folding and telescopic seating and grandstands shall comply with ICC 300.

    401.1.2 Scope. [BSC] For state-owned buildings, including those owned by the University of California and the California State University and the Judicial Council, the requirements of Sections 405.2.1 and 405.2.3 are replaced by the requirements of Sections 317 through 322.

    401.2 Compliance. The work shall not make the building less complying than it was before the repair was undertaken. Work on nondamaged components that is necessary for the required repair of damaged components shall be considered part of the repair and shall not be subject to requirements for alterations.

    [BS] 401.3 Flood hazard areas. In flood hazard areas, repairs that constitute substantial improvement shall require that the building comply with Section 1612 of the California Building Code, or Section R306 of the California Residential Code, as applicable.

    SECTION 402—BUILDING ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

    402.1 Glazing in hazardous locations. Replacement glazing in hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of the California Building Code or California Residential Code as applicable.

    Exception: Glass block walls, louvered windows and jalousies repaired with like materials.

    402.2 Existing materials. [HCD] Existing materials shall comply with Section 302.3.

    402.3 New and replacement materials. [HCD & HCD 2] New and replacement materials used for repairs shall comply with Section 302.4.

    SECTION 403—FIRE PROTECTION

    403.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of fire protection provided.

    SECTION 404—MEANS OF EGRESS

    404.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of protection provided for the means of egress.

    SECTION 405—STRUCTURAL

    [BS] 405.1 General. Structural damage shall be repaired in compliance with this section and Section 401.2.

    405.1.1 Structural concrete. Repair of structural concrete shall be permitted to comply with ACI 562 Section 1.7, except where Section 405.2.2, 405.2.3 or 405.2.4.1 requires compliance with Section 304.3.

  • CEBC § 6.1 High relevance — show source text

    BO102.2 Identification of work. The work shall be clearly identified on the permits issued under these provisions.

    BO102.3 Structural. Structural elements and systems that are altered, repaired or replaced shall comply with Section R102.6.1 and the structural provisions of this appendix. The work performed shall not cause the structure to become less compliant with this code than it was before the work was undertaken.

    BO102.3.1 Design loads. The minimum design loads for the structure shall be the loads applicable at the time the building was constructed. The minimum design loads for new structural components shall comply with this code. Structural elements that are uncovered during the course of the alteration and that are found to be unsafe shall be repaired in accordance with Section R102.6.1.

    BO102.4 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be provided where required by Section R310.2.2.

    BO102.5 Carbon monoxide alarms. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be provided where required by Section R311.2.2.

    BO102.6 Replacement windows. Where an existing window, including the sash and glazed portion, or safety glazing is replaced, the replacement window or safety glazing shall comply with the requirements of Sections BO102.6.1 through BO102.6.3, as applicable.

    BO102.6.1 Energy efficiency. Replacement windows shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 11.

    BO102.6.2 Safety glazing. Replacement glazing in hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of Section R324.

    BO102.6.3 Window fall protection. Window fall protection shall be installed in accordance with Section R321.2.

    BO102.7 Flood hazard areas. Work performed in existing buildings located in a flood hazard area as established by Table R301.2 shall be subject to the provisions of Section R104.3.1.

    BO102.8 Equivalent alternatives. Work performed in accordance with the California Existing Building Code shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of this appendix. These provisions are not intended to prevent the use of any alternative material, alternative design or alternative method of construction not specifically prescribed herein, provided that any alternative has been deemed to be equivalent and its use authorized by the building official.

    BO102.9 More restrictive requirements. Buildings or systems in compliance with the requirements of this code for new construction shall not be required to comply with any more restrictive requirement of these provisions.

    SECTION BO103—DEFINITIONS

    BO103.1 General. The terms used in this appendix, and not provided in Chapter 2, are defined as follows:

    DANGEROUS. Any building, structure or portion thereof that meets any of the conditions described below shall be deemed dangerous:

    1. The building or structure has collapsed, has partially collapsed, has moved off its foundation or lacks the necessary support of the ground.
    2. There exists a significant risk of collapse, detachment or dislodgement of any portion, member, appurtenance or ornamentation of the building or structure under permanent, routine or frequent loads; under actual loads already in effect; or under snow, wind, rain, flood, earthquake aftershock or other environmental loads when such loads are imminent.

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    APPENDIX BO — EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

    SECTION BO104—REPAIRS

  • CEBC § 2406.2. High relevance — show source text

    Use is only permitted by the exception to Section 2406.2.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is only permitted by the exception to Section 2406.2.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is only permitted by the exception to Section 2406.2.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is only permitted by the exception to Section 2406.2.|

    2406.3 Identification of safety glazing. Except as indicated in Section 2406.3.1, each pane of safety glazing installed in hazardous locations shall be identified by a manufacturer’s designation specifying who applied the designation, the manufacturer or installer and the safety glazing standard with which it complies, as well as the information specified in Section 2403.1. The designation shall be acid etched, sand blasted, ceramic fired, laser etched, embossed or of a type that once applied, cannot be removed without being destroyed. A label meeting the requirements of this section shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer’s designation.

    Exceptions:

    1. For other than tempered glass, manufacturer’s designations are not required, provided that the building official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or other evidence confirming compliance with this code.
    2. Tempered spandrel glass is permitted to be identified by the manufacturer with a removable paper designation. 2406.3.1 Multipane assemblies. Multipane glazed assemblies having individual panes not exceeding 1 square foot (0.09 m [2] ) in exposed areas shall have one pane or more in the assembly marked as indicated in Section 2406.3. Other panes in the assembly shall be marked “CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201” or “ANSI Z97.1,” as appropriate.

    2406.4 Hazardous locations. The locations specified in Sections 2406.4.1 through 2406.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous locations requiring safety glazing materials.

    2406.4.1 Glazing in doors. Glazing in all fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to pass.
    2. Decorative glazing.
    3. Glazing materials used as curved glazed panels in revolving doors.
    4. Commercial refrigerated cabinet glazed doors.

    2406.4.2 Glazing adjacent to doors. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door where the nearest vertical edge of the glazing is within a 24-inch (610 mm) arc of either vertical edge of the door in a closed position and where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Decorative glazing.
    2. Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent barrier between the door and glazing.

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    GLASS AND GLAZING

  • CEBC § 4.6 High relevance — show source text

    Exception: Glazing that is more than 60 inches (1524 mm), measured horizontally, from the water’s edge of a bathtub, hot tub, spa, whirlpool or swimming pool or from the edge of a shower, sauna or steam room.

    R324.4.6 Glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps. Glazing installed where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the plane of the adjacent walking surface of flights of stairs, ramp runs, landings between flights of stairs and landings between ramp runs shall be considered to be in a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where glazing is adjacent to a walking surface and a horizontal rail is installed at 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface. The rail shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50 pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and have a cross-sectional height of not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm).
    2. Glazing 36 inches (914 mm) or more measured horizontally from the walking surface.

    R324.4.7 Glazing adjacent to the bottom stair landing. Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a stairway where the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the landing and within a 60-inch (1524 mm) horizontal arc less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad) from the bottom tread nosing shall be considered to be a hazardous location. (See Figure R324.4.7.)

    Exception: Where the glazing is protected by a guard complying with Section R321 and the plane of the glass is more than 18 inches (457 mm) from the guard.

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    BUILDING PLANNING

    FIGURE R324.4.7—HAZARDOUS GLAZING LOCATIONS AT BOTTOM STAIR LANDINGS

    GLAZING LESS THAN

    36 ″ ABOVE LANDINGS

    WITHIN THIS AREA ARE

    CONSIDERED TO BE IN

    LOCATIONS, UNLESS THE EXCEPTION TO

    Col1 Col2 60″
    BOTTOM TREAD
    NOSING
    60″
    60″    		 60″
    LANDING    		 60″
    LANDING
    60″
    60″    		 S 60″
    60″
    60″    		 T
    		 T
    60″
    60″    		 A
    		 A
    60″
    60″    		 I
    R    		 I
    R
    60″
    60″    		 S S

    For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

    R324.5 Site-built windows. Site-built windows shall comply with Section 2404 of the California Building Code.

    R324.6 Skylights and sloped glazing. Skylights and sloped glazing shall comply with the following sections.

    R324.6.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

    SKYLIGHT, UNIT.

    SKYLIGHTS AND SLOPED GLAZING.

    TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING DEVICE (TDD).

  • CEBC § 1.1 High relevance — show source text

    R323.2 Platform lifts. Where provided, platform lifts shall comply with ASME A18.1.

    R323.3 Accessibility. Elevators or platform (wheelchair) lifts that are part of an accessible route required by Chapter 11 A of the Cali- fornia Building Code, shall comply with the requirements in Chapter 11A of the California Building Code.

    SECTION R324—GLAZING

    R324.1 Identification. Except as indicated in Section R324.1.1 each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as defined in Section R324.4 shall be provided with a manufacturer’s designation specifying who applied the designation, the type of glass and the safety glazing standard with which it complies, and that is visible in the final installation. The designation shall be acid etched, sand

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    BUILDING PLANNING

    blasted, ceramic-fired, laser etched, embossed, or be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without being destroyed. A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer’s designations.

    Exceptions:

    1. For other than tempered glass, manufacturer’s designations are not required provided that the building official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or other evidence confirming compliance with this code.
    2. Tempered spandrel glass is permitted to be identified by the manufacturer with a removable paper designation.

    R324.1.1 Identification of multiple assemblies. Multipane assemblies having individual panes not exceeding 1 square foot (0.09 m [2] ) in exposed area shall have not less than one pane in the assembly identified in accordance with Section R324.1. Other panes in the assembly shall be labeled “CPSC 16 CFR 1201” or “ANSI Z97.1” as appropriate.

    R324.2 Louvered windows or jalousies. Regular, float, wired or patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows shall be not less than nominal [3] / 16 inch (5 mm) thick and not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length. Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.

    R324.2.1 Wired glass prohibited. Wired glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in jalousies or louvered windows.

    R324.3 Human impact loads. Individual glazed areas, including glass mirrors in hazardous locations such as those indicated as defined in Section R324.4, shall pass the test requirements of Section R324.3.1.

    Exceptions:

    1. Louvered windows and jalousies shall comply with Section R324.2.
    2. Mirrors and other glass panels mounted or hung on a surface that provides a continuous backing support.
    3. Glass unit masonry complying with Section R607.

    R324.3.1 Impact test. Where required by other sections of the code, glazing shall be tested in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR 1201. Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Category II unless otherwise indicated in Table R324.3.1(1).

    Exception: Glazing not in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs and showers shall be permitted to be tested in accordance with ANSI Z97.1. Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Class A unless otherwise indicated in Table R324.3.1(2).

    |TABLE R324.

  • CEBC § 105.2 High relevance — show source text

    401 A .2 Compliance. The work shall not make the building less complying than it was before the repair was undertaken. Work on nondamaged components that is necessary for the required repair of damaged components shall be considered part of the repair and shall not be subject to requirements for alterations.

    401 A .3 Flood hazard areas. In flood hazard areas, repairs that constitute substantial improvement shall require that the building comply with Section 1612 A of the California Building Code .

    SECTION 402 A —BUILDING ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

    402 A .1 Glass replacement. The installation or replacement of glass shall be as required for new installations in accordance with the California Building Code.

    SECTION 403 A —FIRE PROTECTION

    403 A .1 General. Fire protection shall comply with the California Building Standards Code.

    SECTION 404 A —MEANS OF EGRESS

    404 A .1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of protection provided for the means of egress.

    SECTION 405 A —STRUCTURAL

    405 A .1 General. Structural damage shall be repaired in compliance with this section and Section 401 A .2.

    Exception: Routine maintenance required by Chapter 3A, ordinary repairs exempt from permit in accordance with California Building Code Section 105.2, and abatement of wear due to normal service conditions shall not be subject to the requirements for repairs in this section.

    405 A .1.1 Structural concrete. Repair of structural concrete shall be permitted to comply with ACI 562 Section 1.7, except where Section 405.2.2, 405.2.3 or 405.2.4.1 requires compliance with Section 304.3.

    405 A .2 Repairs to damaged buildings. Repairs to damaged buildings shall comply with this section.

    405 A .2.1 Repairs for less than substantial structural damage. Unless otherwise required by this section, for damage less than substantial structural damage, the damaged elements shall be permitted to be restored to their predamage condition. New struc- tural members and connections used for this repair shall comply with the detailing provisions of this code for new buildings of similar structure, purpose and location.

    405 A .2.1.1 Snow damage. Structural components whose damage was caused by or related to snow load effects shall be repaired, replaced or altered to satisfy the requirements of Section 1608 of the California Building Code .

    405 A .2.2 Disproportionate earthquake damage. A building assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F that has sustained disproportionate earthquake damage shall be subject to the requirements for buildings with substantial structural damage to vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system.

  • CEBC § 2406.4 High relevance — show source text

    2406.4 Hazardous locations. The locations specified in Sections 2406.4.1 through 2406.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous locations requiring safety glazing materials.

    2406.4.1 Glazing in doors. Glazing in all fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to pass.
    2. Decorative glazing.
    3. Glazing materials used as curved glazed panels in revolving doors.
    4. Commercial refrigerated cabinet glazed doors.

    2406.4.2 Glazing adjacent to doors. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door where the nearest vertical edge of the glazing is within a 24-inch (610 mm) arc of either vertical edge of the door in a closed position and where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Decorative glazing.
    2. Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent barrier between the door and glazing.

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    GLASS AND GLAZING

    1. Where access through the door is to a closet or storage area 3 feet (914 mm) or less in depth. Glazing in this application shall comply with Section 2406.4.3.

    2. Glazing in walls on the latch side of and perpendicular to the plane of the door in a closed position in one- and twofamily dwellings or within dwelling units in Group R-2. 2406.4.3 Glazing in windows. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel that meets all of the following conditions shall be considered to be a hazardous location:

    3. The exposed area of an individual pane is greater than 9 square feet (0.84 m [2] ).

    4. The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor or adjacent walking surface.

    5. The top edge of the glazing is greater than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor or adjacent walking surface.

    6. One or more walking surface(s) are within 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally and in a straight line, of the plane of the glazing. Exceptions:

    7. Decorative glazing.

    8. Where a horizontal rail is installed on the accessible side(s) of the glazing 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface. The rail shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50 pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and be not less than 1 [1] / 2 inches (38 mm) in cross-sectional height.

    9. Outboard panes in insulating glass units or multiple glazing where the bottom exposed edge of the glass is 8 feet (2438 mm) or more above any grade or walking surface adjacent to the glass exterior. 2406.4.4 Glazing in guards and railings. Glazing in guards and railings, including structural baluster panels and nonstructural infill panels, regardless of area or height above a walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location. **2406.4.5 Glazing and wet surfaces.

  • CEBC § 6.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE APPENDIX BO-1

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    APPENDIX BO-2 2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    BO EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

    The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically adopted by a state agency or referenced in the adopting ordinance.

    User notes:

    About this appendix: Appendix BO regulates the repair, alteration, additions and relocation of existing buildings that are within the scope of this code. It is intended to encourage the continued safe use of existing buildings and ensure that new work conforms to the intent of the code and that existing conditions remain at their current level of compliance or are improved.

    SECTION BO101—PURPOSE AND INTENT

    BO101.1 General. The purpose of these provisions is to encourage the continued use or reuse of legally existing buildings and structures. Structural elements and systems shall comply with Section R102.6.1 and the provisions of this appendix. Repairs, alterations, additions and relocation of existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions of this code for new construction, except as modified by this appendix.

    SECTION BO102—COMPLIANCE

    BO102.1 General. The work shall not cause the building or structure to become unsafe or adversely affect the performance of the building; shall not cause an existing mechanical or plumbing system to become unsafe, hazardous, insanitary or overloaded; and unless expressly permitted by these provisions, shall not make the building any less compliant with this code or to any previously approved alternative arrangements than it was before the work was undertaken.

    BO102.2 Identification of work. The work shall be clearly identified on the permits issued under these provisions.

    BO102.3 Structural. Structural elements and systems that are altered, repaired or replaced shall comply with Section R102.6.1 and the structural provisions of this appendix. The work performed shall not cause the structure to become less compliant with this code than it was before the work was undertaken.

    BO102.3.1 Design loads. The minimum design loads for the structure shall be the loads applicable at the time the building was constructed. The minimum design loads for new structural components shall comply with this code. Structural elements that are uncovered during the course of the alteration and that are found to be unsafe shall be repaired in accordance with Section R102.6.1.

    BO102.4 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be provided where required by Section R310.2.2.

    BO102.5 Carbon monoxide alarms. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be provided where required by Section R311.2.2.

    BO102.6 Replacement windows. Where an existing window, including the sash and glazed portion, or safety glazing is replaced, the replacement window or safety glazing shall comply with the requirements of Sections BO102.6.1 through BO102.6.3, as applicable.

    BO102.6.1 Energy efficiency. Replacement windows shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 11.

    BO102.6.2 Safety glazing. Replacement glazing in hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of Section R324.

    BO102.6.3 Window fall protection. Window fall protection shall be installed in accordance with Section R321.2.

  • CEBC § 3.1. Medium relevance — show source text

    Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.|

    R324.4 Hazardous locations. The locations specified in Sections R324.4.1 through R324.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous locations for the purposes of glazing.

    R324.4.1 Glazing in doors. Glazing in fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

    Exceptions:

    1. Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to pass.
    2. Decorative glazing.

    2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 3-69

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    BUILDING PLANNING

    R324.4.2 Glazing adjacent to doors. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door shall be considered to be a hazardous location where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the floor or walking surface and it meets either of the following conditions:

    1. Where the glazing is within 24 inches (610 mm) of either side of the door in the plane of the door in a closed position.
    2. Where the glazing is on a wall less than 180 degrees (3.14 rad) from the plane of the door in a closed position and within 24 inches (610 mm) of the hinge side of an in-swinging door.

    Exceptions:

    1. Decorative glazing.
    2. Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent barrier between the door and the glazing.
    3. Where access through the door is to a closet or storage area 3 feet (914 mm) or less in depth. Glazing in this application shall comply with Section R324.4.3.
    4. Glazing that is adjacent to the fixed panel of patio doors.

    R324.4.3 Glazing in windows. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel that meets all of the following conditions shall be considered to be a hazardous location:

    1. The exposed area of an individual pane is larger than 9 square feet (0.836 m [2] ).
    2. The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
    3. The top edge of the glazing is more than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor.
    4. One or more walking surfaces are within 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally and in a straight line, of the glazing.

    Exceptions:

  • CEBC § 4.3 Medium relevance — show source text

    4.3**
    (Category Class)|** GLAZED PANELS**
    REGULATED BY
    SECTION R324.4.2
    (Category Class)|** GLAZING IN**
    DOORS AND
    ENCLOSURES
    REGULATED
    ** BY SECTION**
    R324.4.5
    (Category Class)|** SLIDING**
    GLASS DOORS
    PATIO TYPE
    (Category Class)| |9 square feet or
    less|I|I|NR|I|II|II| |More than 9
    square feet|II|II|II|II|II|II| |For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    NR = No Requirement.|

    TABLE R324.3.1(2)—MINIMUM CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION OF GLAZING USING ANSI Z97.1 Col2 Col3 Col4
    ** EXPOSED SURFACE AREA OF**
    ONE SIDE OF ONE LITE    		 ** GLAZED PANELS REGULATED**
    BY SECTION R324.4.3
    (Category Class)    		 ** GLAZED PANELS REGULATED**
    BY SECTION R324.4.2
    (Category Class)    		 ** DOORS AND ENCLOSURES**
    REGULATED BY SECTION R324.4.5
    a(Category Class)
    9 square feet or less No requirement B A
    More than 9 square feet A A A
    For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.    		 For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.    		 For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.    		 For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
    a. Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R324.3.1.

    R324.4 Hazardous locations. The locations specified in Sections R324.4.1 through R324.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous locations for the purposes of glazing.

    R324.4.1 Glazing in doors. Glazing in fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

  • CEBC § 8.8 Medium relevance — show source text

    8.8, 1507.9.9, 1512.5 Wall, veneer 1404.4, 1404.13.7 Flood Hazard Areas Appendix G, 1612.3 Coastal A zone 1402.10, 1603.1.7, 1612.2, 1612.4 Coastal high hazard area 1402.10, 1603.1.7, 1612.2, 1612.4 Flood insurance rate map 1603.1.7, 1612.3 Flood-Resistant Construction Appendix G Administration G101, G106, 107.2.6.1 Elevation certification 110.3.3

    Existing 101.4.7 Flood elevation, design 107.2.6.1, 1612.3.1

    Flood loads 1603.1, 1603.1.7, 1612,

    3001.2

    Flood resistance 1402.10, 1402.9 Grading and fill 1804.5, 1805.1.2.1

    INDEX-8 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

    INDEX

    Gas detection system 406.8.2, 916 Sprinkler protection 406.8.3, 903.2.9.1 Ventilation 406.8.1

    Garages, Truck and Bus Live load 1607.8

    Sprinkler protection 903.2.10.1 Garages and Carports, Private Area limitations 406.3.1

    Classification 406.3.1

    Door openers 406.2.1 Door springs 1212 Parking surfaces 406.2.4 Separation 406.2.5, 406.3.2 Gas 101.4.1, 105.2, 112 Gas detection system 406.8.2, 415.11.8, 421.5, 916 Hydrogen cutoff room 421.6 Motor fuel-dispensing 406.7 Gates 1010.4

    Vehicular 406.2.1, 3110 Gift Shops 407.2.4 Girders

    Fire resistance Table 601

    Materials Chapter 6 Wood construction 2304.12.1.1,

    2308.8.1 Glass (see Glazing) Glass Block (see Glass Unit Masonry) Glass Mat Gypsum Panel Table 2506.2 Glass Unit Masonry 2110 Atrium enclosure 404.6

    Fire resistance 2110.1.1

    Hazardous locations 2406.1.3 Glazing Athletic facilities 2408

    Atrium enclosure 404.6

Frequently asked questions

Do all window replacements in existing buildings need safety glazing?

Only if the glazing is in a hazardous location as defined in the CBC/CRC and adopted by CEBC § 402.1. If the pane is not in any listed hazardous location, safety glazing is not required by § 402.1.

What test standard should the replacement glass meet?

The code refers to CPSC 16 CFR 1201 (Category I/II) and ANSI Z97.1 where applicable; the exact category/class depends on pane size and location (see CRC Table R324.3.1 / CBC testing sections).

Can I use a label instead of an etched mark to identify safety glazing?

Yes — the CBC and CRC allow a label meeting the identification requirements in lieu of etched marks when it conforms to the labeling rules in § 2406.3 / R324.1.

Are glass block or jalousies covered by the CEBC rule?

CEBC § 402.1 includes an exception for glass block walls, louvered windows and jalousies repaired with like materials; those repairs are excepted from the CEBC replacement glazing requirement. However, other local/building-specific rules may still apply.

If a pane is within 24 inches of a door but the bottom edge is over 60 inches high, is it hazardous?

No — for the "adjacent to doors" rule the bottom exposed edge must be less than 60 inches above the walking surface in addition to the horizontal distance criterion to be a hazardous location under CBC § 2406.4.2.

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