Title 24 · California Energy Code

What mandatory requirements apply to commercial refrigeration condensers and control strategies?

For commercial grocery refrigeration the California Energy Code requires variable‑speed condenser fans controlled in unison, automatic condensing temperature reset to ambient (dry‑bulb or wet‑bulb as specified), a minimum condensing setpoint no greater than 70°F, and minimum condenser efficiency and fin‑density limits, all stated in § 120.6 and § 120.6(b)1 (with specific exceptions and table values).

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Energy Code § 120.6 (commercial refrigeration mandatory requirements) requires that fan‑powered condensers and their controls meet specific equipment, control logic, temperature‑setpoint, and efficiency limits for retail refrigeration systems (applies to qualifying retail stores and refrigeration systems). Key, non‑negotiable items include continuously variable condenser fan speed, condensing temperature reset (to ambient drybulb or wetbulb depending on condenser type), a minimum condensing temperature setpoint, and minimum condenser efficiency / fin‑density limits where shown in the Code. See § 120.6(b)1 for the controlling list of condenser requirements.

Primary rule (plain English): Condenser fans must be variable‑speed and the condenser setpoint must be automatically reset to ambient conditions (drybulb or wetbulb as required) so the system runs as cold and efficient as practical within the Code limits.

Requirements in detail

Which systems & applicability

Applies to retail food or beverage stores 8,000 square feet or more of conditioned floor area that use refrigerated display cases or walk‑in coolers/freezers. § 120.6(b) defines the scope.
The specific condenser rules are listed at § 120.6(b)1 (Condensers serving refrigeration systems).

Control & operational requirements (by item)

Continuously variable condenser fan speed: All condenser fans for air‑cooled, evaporative‑cooled, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, and fluid coolers/cooling towers must be continuously variable speed; speeds of all fans serving a common condenser high‑side must be controlled in unison. § 120.6(b)1A.
Condensing temperature reset (variable setpoint):
- Air‑cooled condensers — reset condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient dry‑bulb temperature. § 120.6(b)1B.
- Evaporative‑cooled condensers — reset in response to ambient wet‑bulb temperature. § 120.6(b)1C.
- Adiabatic condensers — reset in response to ambient dry‑bulb temperature while operating in dry mode. § 120.6(b)1D.
- Executive Director may approve alternate strategies that demonstrate equal savings (exception). § 120.6(b)1 exceptions.
Minimum condensing temperature setpoint: The minimum setpoint must be less than or equal to 70°F for air‑cooled, evaporative, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, fluid coolers or cooling towers used for heat rejection. § 120.6(b)1F.
Design saturated condensing temperature (SCT) limits:
- For adiabatic condensers (dry‑mode), the SCT required to reject the design THR must be ≤ design dry‑bulb + 20°F for freezers and ≤ design dry‑bulb + 30°F for coolers. § 120.6(b)1E(i–ii).
- For air‑cooled condensers the Code also contains design SCT caps by application (see related provisions).
Fan‑powered condenser efficiency requirements: Fan‑powered condensers must meet minimum specific efficiency values given in the Code tables (for example, Table 120.6‑D for certain fan‑powered condensers). § 120.6(b)1G and Table 120.6‑D.
Fin density: Air‑cooled condensers shall have a fin density no greater than 10 fins per inch, with limited exceptions (e.g., microchannel condensers). § 120.6(b)1H.

Decision‑relevant table (quick reference)

Decision item	Required value / behavior	Code Reference
Facility applicability	Retail stores ≥ 8,000 ft² with refrigerated cases/walk‑ins	§ 120.6(b)
Condenser fan control	Continuously variable speed; fans on common high‑side controlled in unison	§ 120.6(b)1A
Condensing temp reset parameter	Air‑cooled: ambient dry‑bulb; Evaporative: ambient wet‑bulb; Adiabatic (dry mode): ambient dry‑bulb	§ 120.6(b)1B–D
Minimum condensing setpoint	≤ 70°F (minimum setpoint requirement)	§ 120.6(b)1F
Adiabatic SCT design caps	Freezers: ≤ design dry‑bulb + 20°F; Coolers: ≤ design dry‑bulb + 30°F	§ 120.6(b)1E(i–ii)
Fan‑powered condenser efficiency	See Table 120.6‑D (example: air‑cooled — 160 Btuh/Watt at rating condition)	§ 120.6(b)1G and Table 120.6‑D
Air‑cooled fin density	≤ 10 fins per inch (exceptions: microchannel, some existing equipment)	§ 120.6(b)1H
Small condenser exception	Condensers with THR < 150,000 Btu/h may be excepted from some efficiency rules	Exception to § 120.6(b)1G

Testing & acceptance

Condensers (air‑cooled, evaporative, adiabatic) have specific acceptance/testing requirements referenced by the Code (Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7 test procedures). § 120.6 and NA7 references.

Exceptions & special cases

The Code allows the Executive Director to approve alternative condensing‑temperature control strategies that demonstrate equal energy savings (exception to § 120.6(b)1B, 1C, 1D).
Climate‑zone exceptions:
- An exception applies for adiabatic condensers in certain Climate Zones (for example, Climate Zone 16 in one listed exception). See exception language in § 120.6(b)1D.
- Table exceptions also exclude stores located in Climate Zone 1 for some efficiency limits. § 120.6(b)1G exceptions.
Transcritical CO2 systems: Many condenser control and efficiency requirements are excepted where specifically called out for transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems; transcritical CO2 has its own gas‑cooler provisions elsewhere in § 120.6.
Equipment size / existing equipment:
- Condensers with THR < 150,000 Btu/h are excepted from the Table 120.6‑D efficiency requirement. § 120.6(b)1G exception.
- Existing condensers reused for additions/alterations may be excepted (see exceptions to § 120.6(b)1G and other subsections).
- Microchannel condensers are excepted from the fin‑density limit. § 120.6(b)1H exception.
Replacement rule: New condensers replacing existing condensers may be excepted when the attached compressor system THR does not increase and less than 25% of both attached compressors and display cases are new (see exception to § 120.6(b)1).

Common mistakes

Using the wrong ambient parameter to reset setpoint: air‑cooled must use dry‑bulb, evaporative must use wet‑bulb; treating them interchangeably violates § 120.6(b)1B–C.
Failing to install continuously variable fan drives (e.g., installing stepped fan stages or VFDs that are not smoothly controlled in unison across the high‑side). Code requires continuously variable operation and unified control per § 120.6(b)1A.
Setting minimum condenser setpoint higher than 70°F when required (violates § 120.6(b)1F).
Assuming Table efficiency values don’t apply: fan‑powered condensers must meet Table 120.6‑D / 120.6‑B values unless a listed exception applies. Always check the correct table for the condenser and refrigerant type. § 120.6(b)1G.
Ignoring the Executive Director exception process — alternate control strategies MUST be approved as providing equal savings; informal “equivalent” strategies without approval are noncompliant. § 120.6(b)1 exceptions.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A new retail grocery (conditioned floor area ≥ 8,000 ft²) installs a fan‑powered, air‑cooled condenser serving cooler display cases. Design outdoor dry‑bulb (design DB) = 95°F.

Step‑by‑step Code checks:

Applicability: This is a retail store ≥ 8,000 ft², so § 120.6(b) applies.
Fan control: Install continuously variable speed fans and a control that drives all fans on the condenser high‑side in unison. § 120.6(b)1A.
Condensing temp reset: For air‑cooled, implement a variable‑setpoint reset based on ambient dry‑bulb temperature (not wet‑bulb). § 120.6(b)1B.
Design saturated condensing temperature cap: For coolers, air‑cooled design SCT requirement (air‑cooled design caps appear elsewhere in § 120.6) sets allowable SCT; a general air‑cooled cooler cap is design DB + 15°F (see related design SCT language). With design DB = 95°F → maximum design SCT = 110°F. (Confirm the exact air‑cooled SCT clause in § 120.6(a)/§ 120.6(b) text used for design).
Minimum setpoint: Ensure the condensing temperature control can set the minimum setpoint to ≤ 70°F during operation if required by the system classification in § 120.6(b)1F (note: actual operating minimum may be limited by refrigerant/system constraints). § 120.6(b)1F.
Efficiency: Select a fan‑powered condenser that meets the applicable specific efficiency in Table 120.6‑D (air‑cooled row: 160 Btuh/Watt at rating condition shown in the table) unless an exception applies. Verify the condenser’s rating condition aligns with design conditions. § 120.6(b)1G and Table 120.6‑D.

Result: A compliant installation will have variable‑speed fans controlled in unison, SCT reset by ambient dry‑bulb to meet design SCT caps (≤ 110°F in this example for coolers), ability to set minimum condensing setpoint to ≤70°F, and a condenser whose specific efficiency meets Table 120.6‑D requirements (unless a listed exception applies).

Related provisions

§ 120.6(a)4 — Condenser design saturated condensing temperature limits for new fan‑powered condensers (design caps and related design details).
§ 120.6(a)5 / § 120.6(b)2 — Compressor requirements and floating suction pressure controls that interact with condenser operation.
§ 100.1 — Definitions (e.g., definition of condenser specific efficiency referenced by the tables).
Table 120.6‑B / Table 120.6‑D — Minimum condenser/gas‑cooler efficiency and specific efficiency values referenced by § 120.6.
Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7 — Test/acceptance procedures for condenser types (air‑cooled, evaporative, adiabatic).

If you want, I can:

Produce a one‑page compliance checklist for field use (with exact clause citations).
Draft sample control logic (setpoint reset curve tables) keyed to ambient temperature for each condenser type that meets the Code language.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Energy Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text

D. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with adiabatic condensers shall use variable setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient drybulb temperature while operating in dry mode. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1B, C and D: Condensing temperature control strategies approved by the executive director that have been demonstrated to provide equal energy savings. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1D: Systems served by adiabatic condensers in Climate Zone 16. E. The saturated condensing temperature necessary for adiabatic condensers to reject the design total heat of rejection of a refrigeration system assuming dry mode performance shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 20°F for systems serving freezers; ii. The design drybulb temperature plus 30°F for systems serving coolers. F. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be less than or equal to 70°F. G. Fan-powered condensers shall meet the specific efficiency requirements listed in Table 120.6-D. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Condensers with a total heat rejection capacity of less than 150,000 Btuh at the specific efficiency rating condition. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Stores located in Climate Zone 1. Exception 3 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Existing condensers that are reused for an addition or alteration.

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TABLE 120.6-D—FAN-POWERED CONDENSERS—SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS	Col2	Col3
CONDENSER TYPE	MINIMUM SPECIFIC EFFICIENCYa	RATING CONDITION
Evaporative cooled	160 Btuh/Watt	100°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 70°F outdoor wetbulb temperature
Air cooled	160 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Adiabatic dry mode	45 Btu/W (halocarbon)	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.	a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.	a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.

H. Air-cooled condensers shall have a fin density no greater than 10 fins per inch. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1H: Microchannel condensers. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1H: Existing condensers that are reused for an addition or alteration. Exception to Section 120.6(b)1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems. Exception to Section 120.6(b)1: New condensers replacing existing condensers when the attached compressor system total heat of rejection does not increase and less than 25 percent of both the attached compressors and the attached display cases are new. 2. **Compressor systems.

§ 110.0 High relevance — show source text
(b) Mandatory requirements for commercial refrigeration.

Retail food or beverage stores with 8,000 square feet or more of conditioned floor area, and that utilize either refrigerated display cases, or walk-in coolers or freezers shall meet all applicable state and federal appliance and equipment standards consistent with Section 110.0 and 110.1 or, for equipment not subject to such standards, the requirements of Subsections 1 through 4.
1. Condensers serving refrigeration systems. Fan-powered condensers shall conform to the following requirements: A. All condenser fans for air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, airor water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers shall be continuously variable speed, with the speed of all fans serving a common condenser high side controlled in unison. B. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with air-cooled condensers shall use variable- setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient drybulb temperature. C. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with evaporative-cooled condensers shall use variablesetpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient wetbulb temperature. D. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with adiabatic condensers shall use variable setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient drybulb temperature while operating in dry mode. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1B, C and D: Condensing temperature control strategies approved by the executive director that have been demonstrated to provide equal energy savings. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1D: Systems served by adiabatic condensers in Climate Zone 16. E. The saturated condensing temperature necessary for adiabatic condensers to reject the design total heat of rejection of a refrigeration system assuming dry mode performance shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 20°F for systems serving freezers; ii. The design drybulb temperature plus 30°F for systems serving coolers. F. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be less than or equal to 70°F. G. Fan-powered condensers shall meet the specific efficiency requirements listed in Table 120.6-D. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Condensers with a total heat rejection capacity of less than 150,000 Btuh at the specific efficiency rating condition. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Stores located in Climate Zone 1. Exception 3 to Section 120.6(b)1G: Existing condensers that are reused for an addition or alteration.
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§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text

F. While operating above the critical point, the gas cooler pressure setpoint shall be reset based on ambient conditions such that the system efficiency is maximized. G. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be less than or equal to 60°F for systems utilizing air-cooled gas coolers, evaporative-cooled gas coolers, adiabatic gas coolers, air or water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers for heat rejection. Exception to Section 120.6(a)8G: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems with a design intermediate saturated suction temperature greater than or equal to 30°F shall have a minimum condensing temperature setpoint of 70°F or less.

H. Fan-powered gas coolers shall meet the gas cooler efficiency requirements listed in Table 120.6-C. Gas cooler efficiency is defined as the Total Heat of Rejection (THR) capacity divided by all electrical input power (fan power at 100 percent fan speed).

TABLE 120.6-C—TRANSCRITICAL CO FAN-POWERED GAS COOLERS—MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS 2	Col2	Col3	Col4
CONDENSER TYPE	REFRIGERANT TYPE	MINIMUM EFFICIENCY	RATING CONDITION
Outdoor air cooled	Transcritical CO2	160 Btuh/watt	1400 psig, 100°F outlet gas temperature, 90°F outdoor dry-bulb temperature
Adiabatic dry mode	Transcritical CO2	90 Btuh/watt	1100 psig, 100°F outlet gas temperature, 90°F outdoor dry-bulb temperature

Automatic door closers. Doors designed for the passage of people that are between freezers and higher-temperature spaces, or between coolers and nonrefrigerated spaces, shall have automatic door closers.

(b) Mandatory requirements for commercial refrigeration.

Retail food or beverage stores with 8,000 square feet or more of conditioned floor area, and that utilize either refrigerated display cases, or walk-in coolers or freezers shall meet all applicable state and federal appliance and equipment standards consistent with Section 110.0 and 110.1 or, for equipment not subject to such standards, the requirements of Subsections 1 through 4.

Condensers serving refrigeration systems. Fan-powered condensers shall conform to the following requirements: A. All condenser fans for air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, airor water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers shall be continuously variable speed, with the speed of all fans serving a common condenser high side controlled in unison. B. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with air-cooled condensers shall use variable- setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient drybulb temperature. C. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with evaporative-cooled condensers shall use variablesetpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient wetbulb temperature. D. The refrigeration system condenser controls for systems with adiabatic condensers shall use variable setpoint control logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint in response to ambient drybulb temperature while operating in dry mode. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1B, C and D: Condensing temperature control strategies approved by the executive director that have been demonstrated to provide equal energy savings.

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text

The condensing temperature set point of systems served by evaporative-cooled condensers or water-cooled condensers (via cooling towers or fluid coolers) shall be reset in response to ambient wetbulb temperatures. The condensing temperature set point for systems served by adiabatic condensers shall be reset in response to ambient drybulb temperature while operating in dry mode. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4F: Condensing temperature control strategies approved by the Executive Director that have been demonstrated to provide at least equal energy savings. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4F: Systems served by adiabatic condensers in Climate Zones 1, 3, 5, 12, 14 and 16. G. Fan-powered condensers shall meet the condenser efficiency requirements listed in Table 120.6-B. Condenser efficiency is defined as the total heat of rejection (THR) capacity divided by all electrical input power including fan power at 100 percent fan speed, and power of spray pumps for evaporative condensers. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4G: Adiabatic condensers with ammonia as refrigerant. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4G: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. H. Air-cooled condensers shall have a fin density no greater than 10 fins per inch. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4H: Micro-channel condensers. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4H: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

Exception to Section 120.6(a)4: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems.

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TABLE 120.6-B—FAN-POWERED CONDENSERS – MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS	Col2	Col3	Col4
CONDENSER TYPE	REFRIGERANT TYPE	MINIMUM EFFICIENCY	RATING CONDITION
Outdoor evaporative cooled with THR Capacity > 8,000 MBH	All	350 Btuh/Watt	100°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 70°F outdoor wetbulb temperature
Outdoor evaporative cooled with THR Capacity < 8,000 MBH and indoor evaporative cooled	All	160 Btuh/Watt	160 Btuh/Watt
Outdoor air cooled	Ammonia	75 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Outdoor air cooled	Halocarbon	65 Btuh/Watt	65 Btuh/Watt
Adiabatic dry mode	Halocarbon	45 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Indoor air cooled	All	No requirement	No requirement

**Compressors.

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text
water static pressure|45|AHRI 420| |Direct Expansion, Halocarbon
Refrigerant, Cooler/Dock|Dry Coil
+25°F saturated evaporating dew point temperature
+35°F entering drybulb temperature
0 in. water static pressure|45|AHRI 1250| |Direct Expansion, Halocarbon
Refrigerant, Freezer|Dry Coil
-20°F saturated evaporating dew point temperature
-10°F entering drybulb temperature
0 in. water static pressure|40|AHRI 1250| |1. Direct expansion: Evaporator in which leaving refrigerant vapor is superheated.
2. Liquid overfeed: Evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is supplied at a recirculation rate greater than 1.
3. Applicable test procedure and reference year are provided under the definitions.|1. Direct expansion: Evaporator in which leaving refrigerant vapor is superheated.
2. Liquid overfeed: Evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is supplied at a recirculation rate greater than 1.
3. Applicable test procedure and reference year are provided under the definitions.|1. Direct expansion: Evaporator in which leaving refrigerant vapor is superheated.
2. Liquid overfeed: Evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is supplied at a recirculation rate greater than 1.
3. Applicable test procedure and reference year are provided under the definitions.|1. Direct expansion: Evaporator in which leaving refrigerant vapor is superheated.
2. Liquid overfeed: Evaporator in which refrigerant liquid is supplied at a recirculation rate greater than 1.
3. Applicable test procedure and reference year are provided under the definitions.|
1. Condensers. New fan-powered condensers on new refrigeration systems shall conform to the following: A. Design saturated condensing temperatures for evaporative-cooled condensers and water-cooled condensers served by fluid coolers or cooling towers shall be less than or equal to: i. The design wetbulb temperature plus 20°F in locations where the design wetbulb temperature is less than or equal to 76°F; or ii. The design wetbulb temperature plus 19°F in locations where the design wetbulb temperature is between 76°F and 78°F; or
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iii. The design wetbulb temperature plus 18°F in locations were the design wetbulb temperature is greater than or equal to 78°F. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4A: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/freezing of products (space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] ), or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4A: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. B. Design saturated condensing temperatures for air-cooled condensers shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 10°F for systems serving freezers; ii.
§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text
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iii. The design wetbulb temperature plus 18°F in locations were the design wetbulb temperature is greater than or equal to 78°F. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4A: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/freezing of products (space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] ), or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4A: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. B. Design saturated condensing temperatures for air-cooled condensers shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 10°F for systems serving freezers; ii. The design drybulb temperature plus 15°F for systems serving coolers. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4B: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4B: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/freezing of products (space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] ), or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. C. The saturated condensing temperature necessary for adiabatic condensers to reject the design total heat of rejection of a refrigeration system assuming dry mode performance shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 20°F for systems serving freezers; ii. The design drybulb temperature plus 30°F for systems serving coolers. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4C: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/freezing of products [space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] (2 tons per 100 ft [2] )], or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4C: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. D. All condenser fans for air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, air or water fluid coolers or cooling towers shall be continuously variable speed, with system shall control the speed of all fans serving a common condenser high side controlled in unison. E. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be less than or equal to 70°F for systems utilizing air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, air or water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers for heat rejection. F. Condensing temperature reset.
§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text
D. New screw compressors with nominal electric motor power greater than 150 HP shall include the ability to automatically vary the compressor volume ratio (Vi) in response to operating pressures. 6. Infiltration barriers. Passageways between freezers and higher-temperature spaces, and passageways between coolers and nonrefrigerated spaces, shall have an infiltration barrier consisting of strip curtains, an automaticallyclosing door or an air curtain designed by the manufacturer for use in the passageway and temperature for which it is applied. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)6: Openings with less than 16 square feet of opening area. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)6: Dock doorways for trailers. 7. Refrigerated warehouse acceptance. Before an occupancy permit is granted for a new refrigerated warehouse, or before a new refrigeration system serving a refrigerated warehouse is operated for normal use, the following equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the acceptance requirements for code compliance, as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7. A certificate of acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements: A. Electric resistance underslab heating systems shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.1. B. Evaporators fan motor controls shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.2. C. Evaporative condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.1.

D. Air-Cooled condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.2.

E. Adiabatic condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.3.

F. Variable speed compressors shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.4. G. Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems shall be tested in accordance with NA7.20.1. 8. Transcritical CO 2 gas coolers. New fan-powered gas coolers on all new transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems shall conform to the following: A. Air-cooled gas coolers are prohibited in Climate Zones 9 through 15. B. Design leaving gas temperature for air-cooled gas coolers shall be less than or equal to the design dry-bulb temperature plus 6°F. Exception to Section 120.6(a)8B: Design leaving gas temperature for air-cooled gas coolers in Climate Zones 2, 4 and 8 shall be less than or equal to the design dry-bulb temperature plus 8°F.

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C. Design leaving gas temperature for adiabatic gas coolers necessary to reject the design total heat of rejection of a refrigeration system assuming dry mode performance shall be less than or equal to the design dry-bulb temperature plus 15°F. D. All gas cooler fans shall be continuously variable speed, with the speed of all fans serving a common condenser high side controlled in unison.

E. While operating below the critical point, the gas cooler pressure shall be controlled in accordance with Section 120.6(a)4F.
§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text
C. The saturated condensing temperature necessary for adiabatic condensers to reject the design total heat of rejection of a refrigeration system assuming dry mode performance shall be less than or equal to: i. The design drybulb temperature plus 20°F for systems serving freezers; ii. The design drybulb temperature plus 30°F for systems serving coolers. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4C: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/freezing of products [space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] (2 tons per 100 ft [2] )], or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4C: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. D. All condenser fans for air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, air or water fluid coolers or cooling towers shall be continuously variable speed, with system shall control the speed of all fans serving a common condenser high side controlled in unison. E. The minimum condensing temperature setpoint shall be less than or equal to 70°F for systems utilizing air-cooled condensers, evaporative-cooled condensers, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, air or water-cooled fluid coolers or cooling towers for heat rejection. F. Condensing temperature reset. The condensing temperature set point of systems served by air-cooled condensers shall be reset in response to ambient drybulb temperature. The condensing temperature set point of systems served by evaporative-cooled condensers or water-cooled condensers (via cooling towers or fluid coolers) shall be reset in response to ambient wetbulb temperatures. The condensing temperature set point for systems served by adiabatic condensers shall be reset in response to ambient drybulb temperature while operating in dry mode. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4F: Condensing temperature control strategies approved by the Executive Director that have been demonstrated to provide at least equal energy savings. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4F: Systems served by adiabatic condensers in Climate Zones 1, 3, 5, 12, 14 and 16. G. Fan-powered condensers shall meet the condenser efficiency requirements listed in Table 120.6-B. Condenser efficiency is defined as the total heat of rejection (THR) capacity divided by all electrical input power including fan power at 100 percent fan speed, and power of spray pumps for evaporative condensers. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4G: Adiabatic condensers with ammonia as refrigerant. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4G: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations. H. Air-cooled condensers shall have a fin density no greater than 10 fins per inch. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)4H: Micro-channel condensers. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)4H: Condensing units that are components of walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers within the scope of the Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text

Exception to Section 120.6(a)4: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems.

82 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

NONRESIDENTIAL, HOTEL/MOTEL OCCUPANCIES, AND COVERED PROCESSES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

TABLE 120.6-B—FAN-POWERED CONDENSERS – MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS	Col2	Col3	Col4
CONDENSER TYPE	REFRIGERANT TYPE	MINIMUM EFFICIENCY	RATING CONDITION
Outdoor evaporative cooled with THR Capacity > 8,000 MBH	All	350 Btuh/Watt	100°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 70°F outdoor wetbulb temperature
Outdoor evaporative cooled with THR Capacity < 8,000 MBH and indoor evaporative cooled	All	160 Btuh/Watt	160 Btuh/Watt
Outdoor air cooled	Ammonia	75 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Outdoor air cooled	Halocarbon	65 Btuh/Watt	65 Btuh/Watt
Adiabatic dry mode	Halocarbon	45 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Indoor air cooled	All	No requirement	No requirement

Compressors. Compressor systems utilized in refrigerated warehouses shall conform to the following: A. Compressors serving refrigeration systems that are not transcritical CO 2 shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 70°F or less. B. Compressors for transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 60°F or less. Exception to Section 120.6(a)5B: Compressors with a design saturated suction temperature greater than or equal to 30°F shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 70°F or less. C. New open-drive screw compressors in new refrigeration systems with a design saturated suction temperature (SST) of 28°F or lower that discharges to the system condenser pressure shall control compressor speed in response to the refrigeration load. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)5C: Refrigeration plants with more than one dedicated compressor per suction

group. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)5C: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/ freezing of products [space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] (2 tons per 100 ft [2] )], or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. D. New screw compressors with nominal electric motor power greater than 150 HP shall include the ability to automatically vary the compressor volume ratio (Vi) in response to operating pressures. 6. Infiltration barriers. Passageways between freezers and higher-temperature spaces, and passageways between coolers and nonrefrigerated spaces, shall have an infiltration barrier consisting of strip curtains, an automaticallyclosing door or an air curtain designed by the manufacturer for use in the passageway and temperature for which it is applied.

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text

TABLE 120.6-D—FAN-POWERED CONDENSERS—SPECIFIC EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS	Col2	Col3
CONDENSER TYPE	MINIMUM SPECIFIC EFFICIENCYa	RATING CONDITION
Evaporative cooled	160 Btuh/Watt	100°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 70°F outdoor wetbulb temperature
Air cooled	160 Btuh/Watt	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
Adiabatic dry mode	45 Btu/W (halocarbon)	105°F saturated condensing temperature (SCT), 95°F outdoor drybulb temperature
a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.	a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.	a. See Section 100.1 for definition of condenser specific efficiency.

H. Air-cooled condensers shall have a fin density no greater than 10 fins per inch. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)1H: Microchannel condensers. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)1H: Existing condensers that are reused for an addition or alteration. Exception to Section 120.6(b)1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems. Exception to Section 120.6(b)1: New condensers replacing existing condensers when the attached compressor system total heat of rejection does not increase and less than 25 percent of both the attached compressors and the attached display cases are new. 2. Compressor systems. Refrigeration compressor systems and condensing units shall conform to the following requirements: A. Compressors and multiple-compressor suction groups shall include control systems that use floating suction pressure logic to reset the target saturated suction temperature based on the temperature requirements of the attached refrigeration display cases or walk-ins. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)2A: Single compressor systems that do not have continuously variable capacity capability. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(b)2A: Suction groups that have a design saturated suction temperature of 30°F or higher, or suction groups that comprise the high stage of a two-stage or cascade system or that primarily serve chillers for secondary cooling fluids. B. Liquid subcooling shall be provided for all low temperature compressor systems with a design cooling capacity equal or greater than 100,000 Btu/hr with a design saturated suction temperature of -10°F or lower, with the subcooled liquid temperature maintained continuously at 50°F or less at the exit of the subcooler, using compressor economizer port(s) or a separate medium or high temperature suction group operating at a saturated suction temperature of 18°F or higher. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(b)2B: Low temperature cascade systems that condense into another refrigeration system rather than condensing to ambient temperature. Exception 2 to Section 120 . 6(b)2B: Transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems. C. Compressors for transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 60°F or less. Exception to Section 120.6(b)2C: Compressors with a design saturated suction temperature greater than or equal to 30°F shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 70°F or less.

§ 120.6 High relevance — show source text
B. Compressors for transcritical CO 2 refrigeration systems shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 60°F or less. Exception to Section 120.6(a)5B: Compressors with a design saturated suction temperature greater than or equal to 30°F shall be designed to operate at a minimum condensing temperature of 70°F or less. C. New open-drive screw compressors in new refrigeration systems with a design saturated suction temperature (SST) of 28°F or lower that discharges to the system condenser pressure shall control compressor speed in response to the refrigeration load. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)5C: Refrigeration plants with more than one dedicated compressor per suction

group. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)5C: Compressors and condensers on a refrigeration system for which more than 20 percent of the total design refrigeration cooling load is for quick chilling/ freezing of products [space with design cooling capacities of greater than 240 Btu/hr-ft [2] (2 tons per 100 ft [2] )], or process refrigeration cooling for other than a refrigerated space. D. New screw compressors with nominal electric motor power greater than 150 HP shall include the ability to automatically vary the compressor volume ratio (Vi) in response to operating pressures. 6. Infiltration barriers. Passageways between freezers and higher-temperature spaces, and passageways between coolers and nonrefrigerated spaces, shall have an infiltration barrier consisting of strip curtains, an automaticallyclosing door or an air curtain designed by the manufacturer for use in the passageway and temperature for which it is applied. Exception 1 to Section 120.6(a)6: Openings with less than 16 square feet of opening area. Exception 2 to Section 120.6(a)6: Dock doorways for trailers. 7. Refrigerated warehouse acceptance. Before an occupancy permit is granted for a new refrigerated warehouse, or before a new refrigeration system serving a refrigerated warehouse is operated for normal use, the following equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the acceptance requirements for code compliance, as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7. A certificate of acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements: A. Electric resistance underslab heating systems shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.1. B. Evaporators fan motor controls shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.2. C. Evaporative condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.1.

D. Air-Cooled condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.2.

E. Adiabatic condensers shall be tested in accordance with NA7.10.3.3.
§ 90.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Humidistatic Controls. Automatic controls used to maintain humidity at a fixed or adjustable set point. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2]

Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio (IEER). A singlenumber figure of merit expressing cooling part-load EER efficiency for commercial unitary air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2] Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV.I-P). A single-number figure of merit based on part-load EER, COP C, or kW/kW expressing part-load efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2]

Joint, Transverse . Connections of two duct sections oriented perpendicular to airflow. Maintenance. The upkeep of property or equipment by the owner of the property in accordance with the requirements of this appendix. Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV). Filter minimum efficiency reporting value, in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2.

Multi-Occupant Spaces. Indoor spaces used for presentations and training, including classrooms and conference

rooms.

On-Site Renewable Energy. Energy generated from renewable sources produced at the building site. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2] Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC). A wall sleeve and a separate unencased combination of heating and cooling assemblies specified by the manufacturer and intended for mounting through the wall. It includes refrigeration components, separable outdoor louvres, forced ventilation, and heating availability by purchaser’s choice of hot water, steam, or electrical resistance heat.

Packaged Terminal Heat Pump (PTHP). A separate unencased refrigeration system installed in a cabinet having a function and configuration similar to that of a packaged terminal air-conditioner. It uses reverse cycle refrigeration as its prime heat source and should have other supplementary heat source(s) available to purchasers with the choice of hot water, steam, or electric resistance heat.

Parking Garage Section. A part of a parking garage where airflow is restricted from other parts of the garage by solid walls. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2]

Process Application. A manufacturing, industrial, or commercial procedure or activity where the primary purpose is other than conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants of a building. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2] Recirculation System. A system of hot water supply and return piping with shutoff valves, balancing valves, circulating pumps, and a method of controlling the circulating system.

2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE 413

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APPENDIX E

Renewable Energy Resources. Energy from solar, wind, biomass or hydro, or extracted from hot fluid or steam heated within the earth. [ASHRAE 90.1:3.2] Seam, Longitudinal . Joints oriented in the direction of airflow.

Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER). The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling in Btu (kW•h) divided by the total electric energy input during the same period in Btu (kW•h).

Frequently asked questions

What is the single most important thing an installer must do for condenser compliance?

Install continuously variable speed fans controlled in unison and implement the required condensing temperature reset to the correct ambient metric (dry‑bulb for air/adiabatic in dry mode; wet‑bulb for evaporative) as required in § 120.6(b)1A–D.

Does the Code require a minimum condensing temperature for all systems?

Yes — the Code requires that the minimum condensing temperature setpoint be ≤ 70°F for systems using air‑cooled, evaporative, adiabatic condensers, gas coolers, or fluid coolers/cooling towers, per § 120.6(b)1F.

Are there exceptions for transcritical CO2 systems?

Yes. Several condenser control and efficiency provisions include exceptions for transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems; transcritical systems have separate gas‑cooler requirements elsewhere in § 120.6.

If I replace an existing condenser, do I always need to meet Table 120.6‑D efficiencies?

Not always. There are exceptions for replacements where the attached compressor system THR does not increase and less than 25% of both attached compressors and display cases are new; also very small condensers (< 150,000 Btu/h at rating condition) have exceptions. See exceptions to § 120.6(b)1G and § 120.6(b)1.

Where do I find the definition of “condenser specific efficiency” used in the tables?

See § 100.1 (definitions) referenced by the tables (Table 120.6‑D notes).

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