What are the requirements for demand‑responsive thermostats and occupant‑controlled smart thermostats?

Grounded in the retrieved California Energy Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• § 110.11 High relevance — show source text

  (a) Low-voltage dry-type distribution transformer shall be certified by the Manufacturer as required by the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations.

  EXCEPTION to Section 110.11(a):

  1. autotransformer;

  2. drive (isolation) transformer;

  3. grounding transformer;

  4. machine-tool (control) transformer;

  5. nonventilated transformer;

  6. rectifier transformer;

  7. regulating transformer;

  8. sealed transformer;

  9. special-impedance transformer;

  10. testing transformer;

  11. transformer with tap range of 20 percent or more;

  12. uninterruptible power supply transformer; or

  13. welding transformer.

  Note: Authority: Sections 25213, 25218, 25218.5, 25402 and 25402.1, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 25007, 25008, 25218.5, 25310, 25402, 25402.1, 25402.4, 25402.8, and 25943, Public Resources Code.

  SECTION 110.12 — MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR DEMAND MANAGEMENT

  Buildings, other than healthcare facilities, that install or are required to install demand responsive controls shall comply with the applicable demand responsive control requirements of Sections 110.12(a) through 110.12(e). (a) Demand responsive controls.

  1. All demand responsive controls shall be either: A. A certified OpenADR 2.0a or OpenADR 2.0b Virtual End Node (VEN), as specified under Clause 11, Conformance, in the applicable OpenADR 2.0 Specification; or a certified Baseline Profile OpenADR 3.0 Virtual End Node; or

  B. Certified to the Energy Commission as being capable of responding to a demand response signal from a certified OpenADR 2.0b or a certified Baseline Profile OpenADR 3.0 Virtual End Node by automatically implementing the control functions requested by the Virtual End Node for the equipment it controls. 2. All demand responsive controls shall be capable of communicating with the VEN using a wired or wireless bidirectional communication protocol.

  3. Reserved.

  4. When the demand response signal is disabled or unavailable, all demand responsive controls shall continue to perform all other control functions provided by the control.

  5. Demand responsive control thermostats shall comply with Reference Joint Appendix 5 (JA5), Technical Specifications for Occupant Controlled Smart Thermostats. (b) Demand Responsive Zonal HVAC Controls. Nonresidential HVAC systems with DDC to the Zone level shall be programmed to allow centralized demand shed for noncritical zones as follows:

  6. The controls shall have a capability to remotely increase the operating cooling temperature set points by 4 degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an Energy Management Control System (EMCS).

  7. The controls shall have a capability to remotely decrease the operating heating temperature set points by 4 degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an EMCS.

  8. The controls shall have capabilities to remotely reset the temperatures in all noncritical zones to original operating levels on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an EMCS.

  9. The controls shall be programmed to provide an adjustable rate of change for the temperature increase, decrease, and reset.

• § 2.0 High relevance — show source text

  B. Certified to the Energy Commission as being capable of responding to a demand response signal from a certified OpenADR 2.0b or a certified Baseline Profile OpenADR 3.0 Virtual End Node by automatically implementing the control functions requested by the Virtual End Node for the equipment it controls. 2. All demand responsive controls shall be capable of communicating with the VEN using a wired or wireless bidirectional communication protocol.

  3. Reserved.

  4. When the demand response signal is disabled or unavailable, all demand responsive controls shall continue to perform all other control functions provided by the control.

  5. Demand responsive control thermostats shall comply with Reference Joint Appendix 5 (JA5), Technical Specifications for Occupant Controlled Smart Thermostats. (b) Demand Responsive Zonal HVAC Controls. Nonresidential HVAC systems with DDC to the Zone level shall be programmed to allow centralized demand shed for noncritical zones as follows:

  6. The controls shall have a capability to remotely increase the operating cooling temperature set points by 4 degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an Energy Management Control System (EMCS).

  7. The controls shall have a capability to remotely decrease the operating heating temperature set points by 4 degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an EMCS.

  8. The controls shall have capabilities to remotely reset the temperatures in all noncritical zones to original operating levels on signal from a centralized contact or software point within an EMCS.

  9. The controls shall be programmed to provide an adjustable rate of change for the temperature increase, decrease, and reset.

  10. The controls shall have the following features: A. Disabled. Disabled by authorized facility operators; and B. Manual control. Manual control by authorized facility operators to allow adjustment of heating and cooling set points globally from a single point in the EMCS; and C. Automatic Demand Shed Control. Upon receipt of a demand response signal, the space-conditioning systems shall conduct a centralized demand shed, as specified in Sections 110.12(b)1 and 110.12(b)2, for noncritical zones during the demand response period.

  2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 63

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  ALL OCCUPANCIES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING COMPONENTS

  (c) Demand Responsive Lighting Controls. Buildings with nonresidential lighting systems having a total installed lighting power of 4,000 watts or greater that are subject to the requirements of Section 130.1(b) or 160.5(b)4B shall install controls that are capable of automatically reducing lighting power in response to a demand response signal.

  1. For compliance testing, the lighting controls shall demonstrate a 15-percent or greater reduction in lighting power as described in NA7.6.3. The controls may provide additional demand responsive functions or abilities.
  2. For buildings where demand response controls are required, demand responsive controls shall control the general lighting in the spaces required to meet Section 130.1(b) or 160.5(b)4B.
  3. General lighting shall be reduced in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 130.1(b) or 160.5(b)4B. Exception to Section 110.12(c): Spaces where a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regulation does not permit the general lighting to be reduced are not required to install demand responsive controls and do not count toward the 4,000-watt threshold.
• § 120.2 High relevance — show source text

  1. All zones are also served by an interior cooling system; and
  2. The perimeter system is designed solely to offset envelope heat losses or gains; and
  3. The perimeter system has at least one thermostatic control for each building orientation of 50 feet or more; and
  4. The perimeter system is controlled by at least one thermostat located in one of the zones served by the system.

  (b) Criteria for zonal thermostatic controls. The individual thermostatic controls required by Section 120.2(a) shall meet the following requirements as applicable:

  1. Where used to control comfort heating, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, down to 55°F or lower.

  2. Where used to control comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, up to 85°F or higher.

  3. Where used to control both comfort heating and comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall meet Items 1 and 2 and shall be capable of providing a temperature range or dead band of at least 5°F within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.

  72 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

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  NONRESIDENTIAL, HOTEL/MOTEL OCCUPANCIES, AND COVERED PROCESSES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

  Exception 1 to Section 120.2(b)3: Systems with thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes. Exception 2 to Section 120.2(b)3: Systems serving healthcare facilities. 4. Thermostatic controls for all single zone, air conditioners and heat pumps shall comply with the requirements of Sections 110.2(c) and 110.12(a) and, if equipped with DDC to the Zone level, with the Automatic Demand Shed Controls of Section 110.12(b). Exception 1 to Section 120.2(b)4: Systems serving non-covered process loads that must have constant temperatures to prevent degradation of materials, a process, plants or animals. Exception 2 to Section 120.2(b)4: Package terminal air conditioners, package terminal heat pumps, room air conditioners and room air conditioner heat pumps. Exception 3 to Section 120.2(b)4: Systems serving healthcare facilities.

  (c) Hotel/motel guest room thermostats.

  1. Hotel/motel guest room thermostats shall: A. Have numeric temperature setpoints in °F and °C; and B. Have setpoint stops, which are accessible only to authorized personnel, such that guest room occupants cannot adjust the setpoint more than ±5°F (±3°C); and C. Meet the requirements of Section 110.2(c).

  Exception to Section 120.2(c)1: Thermostats that are integrated into the room heating and cooling equipment.

  (d) Heat pump controls. All heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters shall be installed with controls that comply with Section 110.2(b).

  (e) Shut-off and reset controls for space-conditioning systems. Each space-conditioning system shall be installed with controls that comply with the following:

  1. The control shall be capable of automatically shutting off the system during periods of nonuse and shall have: A. An automatic time switch control device complying with Section 110.9 with an accessible manual override that allows operation of the system for up to 4 hours; or

  B. An occupancy sensor; or C. A 4-hour timer that can be manually operated.

• § 110.10 High relevance — show source text

  (b) Solar zone.

  1. Minimum solar zone area. The solar zone shall have a minimum total area as described below. The solar zone shall comply with access, pathway, smoke ventilation and spacing requirements as specified in Title 24, Part 9 or other Parts of Title 24 or in any requirements adopted by a local jurisdiction. The solar zone total area shall be comprised of areas that have no dimension less than five feet and are no less than 80 square feet each for buildings with roof areas less than or equal to 10,000 square feet or no less than 160 square feet each for buildings with roof areas greater than 10,000 square feet. A. Single-family residences. The solar zone shall be located on the roof or overhang of the building and have a total area no less than 250 square feet. Exception 1 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences with a permanently installed domestic solar waterheating system meeting the installation criteria specified in the Reference Residential Appendix RA4 and with a minimum solar savings fraction of 0.50. Exception 2 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences with three habitable stories or more and with a total floor area less than or equal to 2000 square feet and having a solar zone total area no less than 150 square feet. Exception 3 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences located in the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area as defined in Title 24, Part 2 and having a whole house fan and having a solar zone total area no less than 150 square feet.

  Exception 4 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Buildings with a designated solar zone area that is no less than 50 percent of the potential solar zone area. The potential solar zone area is the total area of any low-sloped roofs where the annual solar access is 70 percent or greater and any steep-sloped roofs oriented between 90 degrees and 300 degrees of true north where the annual solar access is 70 percent or greater. Solar access is the ratio of solar insolation including shade to the solar insolation without shade. Shading from obstructions located on the roof or any other part of the building shall not be included in the determination of annual solar access. Exception 5 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences having a solar zone total area no less than 150 square feet and where all thermostats are demand responsive controls and comply with Section 110.12(a), and are capable of receiving and responding to Demand Response Signals prior to granting of an occupancy permit by the enforcing

  agency. Exception 6 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences meeting the following conditions: A. All thermostats are demand responsive controls that comply with Section 110.12(a), and are capable of receiving and responding to Demand Response Signals prior to granting of an occupancy permit by the enforcing agency. B. Comply with one of the following measures: i. Install a dishwasher that meets or exceeds the ENERGY STAR [®] Program requirements with a refrigerator that meets or exceeds the ENERGY STAR Program requirements, a whole house fan driven by an electronically commutated motor, or an SAE J1772 Level 2 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE or EV charger) with a minimum of 40 amperes; or ii. Install a home automation system capable of, at a minimum, controlling the appliances and lighting of the dwelling and responding to demand response signals; or iii.

• § 110.10 High relevance — show source text

  The potential solar zone area is the total area of any low-sloped roofs where the annual solar access is 70 percent or greater and any steep-sloped roofs oriented between 90 degrees and 300 degrees of true north where the annual solar access is 70 percent or greater. Solar access is the ratio of solar insolation including shade to the solar insolation without shade. Shading from obstructions located on the roof or any other part of the building shall not be included in the determination of annual solar access. Exception 5 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences having a solar zone total area no less than 150 square feet and where all thermostats are demand responsive controls and comply with Section 110.12(a), and are capable of receiving and responding to Demand Response Signals prior to granting of an occupancy permit by the enforcing

  agency. Exception 6 to Section 110.10(b)1A: Single-family residences meeting the following conditions: A. All thermostats are demand responsive controls that comply with Section 110.12(a), and are capable of receiving and responding to Demand Response Signals prior to granting of an occupancy permit by the enforcing agency. B. Comply with one of the following measures: i. Install a dishwasher that meets or exceeds the ENERGY STAR [®] Program requirements with a refrigerator that meets or exceeds the ENERGY STAR Program requirements, a whole house fan driven by an electronically commutated motor, or an SAE J1772 Level 2 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE or EV charger) with a minimum of 40 amperes; or ii. Install a home automation system capable of, at a minimum, controlling the appliances and lighting of the dwelling and responding to demand response signals; or iii. Install alternative plumbing piping to permit the discharge from the clothes washer and all showers and bathtubs to be used for an irrigation system in compliance with the California Plumbing Code and any applicable local ordinances; or iv. Install a rainwater catchment system designed to comply with the California Plumbing Code and any applicable local ordinances, and that uses rainwater flowing from at least 65 percent of the available roof area.

  B. Multifamily buildings, hotel/motel occupancies and nonresidential buildings. The solar zone shall be located on the roof or overhang of the building or on the roof or overhang of another structure located within 250 feet of the building or on covered parking installed with the building project, and shall have a total area no less than 15 percent of the total roof area of the building excluding any skylight area. The solar zone requirement is applicable to the entire building, including mixed occupancy.

  Exception 1 to Section 110.10(b)1B: High-rise multifamily buildings, hotel/motel occupancies, and nonresidential buildings with a permanently installed solar electric system having a nameplate DC power rating, measured under Standard Test Conditions, of no less than one watt per square foot of roof area.

  2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 61

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  ALL OCCUPANCIES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING COMPONENTS

  Exception 2 to Section 110.10(b)1B: High-rise multifamily buildings, hotel/motel occupancies with a permanently installed domestic solar water-heating system complying with Section 150.1(c)8Biii.

• § 110.2 High relevance — show source text

  ranges:

   - Minimum Leaving Evaporator Fluid Temperature: 36°F
  
  - Maximum Leaving Condenser Fluid Temperature: 115°F
  
    - LIFT ≥ 20°F and ≤ 80°F
  

  Centrifugal chillers designed to operate outside of these ranges are not covered by this exception.

  Exception 2 to Section 110.2(a): Positive displacement (air-cooled and water-cooled) chillers with a leaving evaporator fluid temperature higher than 32°F shall show compliance with Table 110.2-D when tested or certified with water at standard rating conditions, per the referenced test procedure.

  Exception 3 to Section 110.2(a): Equipment primarily serving refrigerated warehouses or commercial refrigeration.

  (b) Controls for heat pumps with supplementary heaters.

  Control requirements for heat pumps with supplementary heaters in single-family residential buildings are specified in Section 150.0(h)7 and Section 150.0(i)2. Heat pumps with supplementary heaters in nonresidential and multifamily buildings shall have controls:

  1. That prevent supplementary heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone; and
  2. In which the cut-on temperature for heat pump heating is higher than the cut-on temperature for supplementary heating, and the cut-off temperature for heat pump heating is higher than the cut-off temperature for supplementary heating. Exception 1 to Section 110.2(b): The controls may allow supplementary heater operation during: A. Defrost; and

  B. Transient periods such as start-ups and following room thermostat setpoint advance, if the controls provide preferential rate control, intelligent recovery, staging, ramping or another control mechanism designed to preclude the unnecessary operation of supplementary heating.

  Exception 2 to Section 110.2(b): Room air-conditioner heat pumps.

  40 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

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  ALL OCCUPANCIES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING COMPONENTS

  (c) Thermostats. All heating or cooling systems not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have a setback thermostat.

  1. Setback capabilities. All thermostats shall have a clock mechanism that allows the building occupant to program the temperature setpoints for at least four periods within 24 hours. Thermostats for heat pumps shall meet the requirements of Section 110.2(b).

  Exception to Section 110.2(c): Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, noncentral electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners and room air-conditioner heat pumps.

  (d) Gas-fired and oil-fired furnace standby loss controls. Gas-fired and oil-fired forced-air furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/hr shall also have an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/hr, including electric furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating.

  (e) Open and closed-circuit cooling towers. All open and closed-circuit cooling tower installations shall comply with the following:

  1. Be equipped with conductivity controls that maximize cycles of concentration based on local water quality conditions.
• § 160.3 High relevance — show source text

  (a) Controls. Space-conditioning systems serving dwelling units and common use areas in multifamily buildings shall comply with applicable requirements of Section 160.3(a)1 or 160.3(a)2.

  1. Dwelling unit thermostats. All heating or cooling systems, including heat pumps, not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have a setback thermostat, as specified in Section 110.2(c).
  2. Common use area controls . Heating or cooling systems serving common use areas of multifamily buildings shall comply with application requirements of Sections 160.3(a)2A through 160.3(a)2J. Exception to Section 160.3(a)2: Heating or cooling systems exclusively serving dwelling units and common use areas providing shared provisions for living, eating, cooking or sanitation to dwelling units that would otherwise lack these provisions may instead comply with Section 160.3(a)1. A. Thermostatic controls for each zone. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each space-conditioning zone shall be controlled by an individual thermostatic control that responds to temperature within the zone and that meets the applicable requirements of Section 160.3(a)2B. An energy management control system (EMCS) may be installed to comply with the requirements of one or more thermostatic controls if it complies with all applicable requirements for each thermostatic control. Exception to Section 160.3(a)2A: An independent perimeter heating or cooling system may serve more than one zone without individual thermostatic controls if:

  i. All zones are also served by an interior cooling system; and ii. The perimeter system is designed solely to offset envelope heat losses or gains; and iii. The perimeter system has at least one thermostatic control for each building orientation of 50 feet or more; and iv. The perimeter system is controlled by at least one thermostat located in one of the zones served by the system. B. Criteria for zonal thermostatic controls. The individual thermostatic controls required by Section 160.3(a)2A shall meet the following requirements as applicable: i. Where used to control comfort heating, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, down to 55°F or lower. ii. Where used to control comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, up to 85°F or higher. iii. Where used to control both comfort heating and comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall meet Items i and ii and shall be capable of providing a temperature range or deadband of at least 5°F within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Exception to Section 160.3(a)2Biii: Systems with thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes. iv. Thermostatic controls for all single zone air conditioners and heat pumps shall comply with the requirements of Sections 110.2(c) and 110.12(a) and, if equipped with DDC to the zone level, with the automatic demand shed controls of Section 110.12(b). Exception to Section 160.3(a)2Biv: Package terminal air conditioners, package terminal heat pumps, room air conditioners and room air-conditioner heat pumps. C. Heat pump controls. All heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters shall be installed with controls that comply with Section 110.2(b).

• § 110.12 High relevance — show source text

  iii. Altered space-conditioning systems. When a space-conditioning system is altered by the installation or replacement of space-conditioning system equipment (including replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil: a. For all altered units where the existing thermostat does not comply with the requirements for demand responsive controls specified in Section 110.12, the existing thermostat shall be replaced with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12. All newly installed space-conditioning systems requiring a thermostat shall be equipped with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12; and

  b. The duct system that is connected to the new or replaced space-conditioning system equipment shall be sealed, if the duct system meets the criteria of Section 120.4(g), as confirmed through acceptance testing, in accordance with the applicable procedures for duct sealing of altered existing duct systems as specified in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3, and conforming to the applicable leakage compliance criteria in Section 180.2(b)2Bii. Exception 1 to Section 180.2(b)2Biiib: duct sealing . Buildings altered so that the duct system no longer meets the criteria of Section 170.2(c)4Ji are not required to comply with Subsection 180.2(b)2Biiib. Exception 2 to Section 180.2(b)2Biiib: duct sealing . Duct systems that are documented to have been previously sealed as confirmed through acceptance testing in accordance with procedures in the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3 are not required to comply with Subsection 180.2(b)2Biiib. Exception 3 to Section 180.2(b)2Biiib: duct sealing . Existing duct systems constructed, insulated or sealed with asbestos are not required to comply with the requirements of Subsection 180.2(b)2Biiib.

  2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 279

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS—ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS TO EXISTING MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS

  3. Hot water systems . Altered or replacement water-heating systems or components serving individual dwelling units shall meet the applicable requirements below: A. Pipe insulation. For newly installed piping and existing accessible piping, the insulation requirements of Section 160.4(e) shall be met. B. Distribution system. For recirculation distribution system serving individual dwelling units, only demand recirculation systems with manual on/off control as specified in Reference Appendix RA4.4.9 shall be installed. C. Water-heating system. The water-heating system shall meet one of the following: i. A natural gas or propane water-heating system; or ii. A single heat pump water heater. The storage tank shall not be located outdoors and shall be placed on an incompressible, rigid insulated surface with a minimum thermal resistance of R-10. The water heater shall be installed with a communication interface that either meets the requirements of Section 110.12(a) or has an ANSI/CTA-2045-B communication port; or iii. A single heat pump water heater that meets the requirements of NEEA Advanced Water Heater Specification Tier 3 or higher; or iv. If the existing water heater is an electric resistance water heater, a consumer electric water heater.
• § 170.2 High relevance — show source text

  xi. To qualify for the PAF for a demand responsive control in Table 170.2-L, the general lighting wattage receiving the PAF shall not be within the scope of Section 110.12(c) and a demand responsive control shall meet all of the following requirements: a. The controlled lighting shall be capable of being automatically reduced in response to a demand response signal; and b. General lighting shall be reduced in a manner consistent with the illuminance uniformity requirements of Section 160.5(b)4B. xii. To qualify for the PAFs for clerestory fenestration, horizontal slats or light shelves in Table 170.2-L, the daylighting design shall meet the requirements in Section 170.2(b). The PAFs shall only apply to lighting in a primary or secondary sidelit daylit zone where continuous dimming daylighting controls meeting the requirements of Section 160.5(b)4D are installed.

  TABLE 170.2-L—LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (PAF)	Col2	Col3
  TYPE OF CONTROL	TYPE OF AREA	FACTOR
  1. Daylight Continuous Dimming Plus OFF Control	Luminaires in skylit daylit zone or primary sidelit daylit zone	0.10
  2. Occupant Sensing Controls in Office Spaces Larger Than 250 Square Feet	In open plan offices > 250 square feet: One sensor controlling an area that is: No larger than 125 square feet	0.30
  2. Occupant Sensing Controls in Office Spaces Larger Than 250 Square Feet	In open plan offices > 250 square feet: One sensor controlling an area that is: From 126 to 250 square feet	0.20
  3. Institutional Tuning	Luminaires in nondaylit areas. Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.	0.10
  3. Institutional Tuning	Luminaires in daylit areas. Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.	0.05
  4. Demand Responsive Control	General lighting luminaires not in the scope of Section 110.12(c). Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this demand responsive control PAF.	0.05
  5. Clerestory Fenestration	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to the clerestory. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.05
  6. Horizontal Slats	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to vertical fenestration with interior or exterior horizontal slats. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.05
  7. Light Shelves	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to clerestory fenestration with interior or exterior light shelves. This PAF may be combined with the PAF for clerestory fenestration. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.10
  a. To qualify for any of the power adjustment factors in this table, the installation shall comply with the applicable requirements in Section 170.2(e)1Aii. b. Only one PAF may be used for each qualifying luminaire unless combined. c.

• § 130.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  The setting of the limit is verified by the acceptance test required by Section 130.4(a)7; and iv. The construction documents specify which lighting systems shall have their maximum light output or maximum power draw set to no greater than 85 percent of full light output or full power draw. K. To qualify for the PAF for a demand responsive control in Table 140.6-A, the general lighting wattage receiving the PAF shall not be within the scope of Section 110.12(c) and a demand responsive control shall meet all of the following requirements: i. The controlled lighting shall be capable of being automatically reduced in response to a demand response signal; and ii. General lighting shall be reduced in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 130.1(b). L. To qualify for the PAFs for clerestory fenestration, horizontal slats, or light shelves in Table 140.6-A, the daylighting design shall meet the requirements in Section 140.3(d). The PAFs shall only apply to lighting in a primary or secondary sidelit daylit zone where continuous dimming daylighting controls meeting the requirements of Section 130.1(d) are installed.

  TABLE 140.6-A—LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (PAF)	Col2	Col3
  TYPE OF CONTROL	TYPE OF AREA	FACTOR
  1. Daylight continuous dimming plus OFF control	Luminaires in skylit daylit zone or primary sidelit daylit zone or secondary sidelit daylit zone	0.10
  2. Occupant sensing controls in offices larger than 250 square feet	One sensor controlling an area that is no larger than 125 square feet	0.30
  3. Occupant sensing controls in offices larger than 250 square feet	One sensor controlling an area that is 126-250 square feet	0.20
  4. Institutional tuning	Luminaires in non-daylit areas: Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.	0.10
  4. Institutional tuning	Luminaires in daylit areas: Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this tuning PAF.	0.05
  5. Demand responsive control	General lighting luminaires not in the scope of Section 110.12(c). If DR controls are required of Section 110.12(c), this PAF is not available for any lighting in the project. Luminaires that qualify for other PAFs in this table may also qualify for this demand responsive control PAF.	0.05
  6. Clerestory fenestration	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to the clerestory. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.05
  7. Horizontal slats	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to vertical fenestration with interior or exterior horizontal slats. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.05
  8. Light shelves	Luminaires in daylit areas adjacent to clerestory fenestration with interior or exterior light shelves. This PAF may be combined with the PAF for clerestory fenestration. Luminaires that qualify for daylight dimming plus OFF control may also qualify for this PAF.	0.10
  a.

• § 120.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  The system is not a single package air-cooled commercial unitary air conditioner or heat pump; and 2. The cooling capacity of the system is less than 54,000 Btu/h. D. Altered duct systems. New or replacement space-conditioning system ducts installed to serve an existing building shall meet the requirements of Section 120.4 (a) through (f) and meet i, ii or iii below: i. Entirely new or complete replacement duct systems installed as part of an alteration shall be leakage tested in accordance with Section 120.4(g). This applies to replacement duct systems installed as part of an alteration that are constructed of at least 75 percent new duct material. Up to 25 percent of that alteration may consist of reused parts from the building’s existing duct system (including registers, grilles, boots, air handlers, coils, plenums and ducts) if the reused parts are accessible and can be sealed to prevent leakage. ii. If the new ducts are an extension of an existing duct system and the combined new and existing duct system meets the criteria in Subsections 1, 2, 3 and 4 below, the duct system shall be sealed to a leakage rate not to exceed 15 percent of the nominal air handler airflow rate as confirmed through acceptance testing, in accordance with the applicable procedures in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3:

  1. The duct system does not serve a healthcare facility;
  2. The duct system provides conditioned air to an occupiable space for a constant volume, single zone, space-conditioning system;
  3. The space-conditioning system serves less than 5,000 square feet of conditioned floor area; and
  4. The combined surface area of the ducts located outdoors or in unconditioned space is more than 25 percent of the total surface area of the entire duct system. Exception 1 to Section 141.0(b)2Dii: When it is not possible to achieve the duct leakage criteria in Section 141.0(b)2Dii, then all accessible leaks shall be sealed and verified through a visual inspection and a smoke test performed by a certified mechanical acceptance test technician utilizing the methods specified in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3. Exception 2 to Section 141.0(b)2Dii: Duct sealing. Existing duct systems that are extended, which are constructed insulated or sealed with asbestos are not required to comply with Subsection 141.0(b)2Dii. iii. If new ducts installed as part of an alteration are not required to comply with leakage testing specified by Section 141.0(b)2Di or 141.0(b)2Dii, then the new ducts shall meet the duct leakage testing requirements of CMC Section 603.9.2.

  E. Altered space-conditioning systems. When a space-conditioning system is altered by the installation or replacement of space-conditioning system equipment (including replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil: i. For all altered units where the existing thermostat does not comply with the requirements for demand responsive controls specified in Section 110.12, the existing thermostat shall be replaced with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12. All newly installed space-conditioning systems requiring a thermostat shall be equipped with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12; and ii. The duct system that is connected to the new or replaced space-conditioning system equipment shall be sealed in accordance with Section 141.0(b)2Dii.

• § 110.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  3(c)| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|HVAC (conditioned)|110.2, 110.5, 120.1, 120.2, 120.3,
  120.4, 120.5, 120.8, 120.10|140.4|140.4|140.4| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Water Heating|110.3, 120.3, 120.8, 120.9|140.5|140.5|140.5| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Indoor Lighting
  (conditioned, process spaces)|110.9, 120.8, 130.0,
  130.1, 130.4|140.3(c), 140.6|140.3(c), 140.6|140.3(c), 140.6| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Indoor Lighting
  (unconditioned and parking garages)|110.9, 120.8, 130.0,
  130.1, 130.4|140.3(c), 140.6|N.A.|N.A.| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Outdoor Lighting|110.9, 130.0, 130.2, 130.4|140.7|140.7|140.7| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Electrical Power Distribution|110.11, 130.5|N.A.|N.A.|N.A.| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Pool and Spa Systems|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Solar Ready Buildings|110.10|110.10|110.10|141.0(a)| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Solar PV and Battery Energy
  Storage Systems|N.A.|141.10|140.0, 140.1|N.A.|

  2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 1

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  ALL OCCUPANCIES—GENERAL PROVISIONS

  TABLE 100.0-A—APPLICATION OF STANDARDS—continued	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6
  OCCUPANCIES	APPLICATION	MANDATORY	PRESCRIPTIVE	PERFORMANCE	ADDITIONS/ ALTERATIONS
  Covered Processes1	Envelope, Ventilation, Process Loads	110.2, 120.3, 120.6	140.9	140.1	110.2, 120.3, 120.6, 140.9, 141.1
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Control Thermostats	JA5; Exception 5 to Section 110.10(b)1A; Exception 4 to Section 110.10(b)1B	N.

• § 0.79 Medium relevance — show source text

  (1) the perimeter system includes not less than one thermostatic control zone for each building exposure having walls facing only one orientation for 50 contiguous feet (15 240 mm) or more and

  (2) the perimeter system heating and cooling supply is controlled by thermostatic controls located within the zones served by the system.

  Exterior walls and semiexterior walls are considered to have different orientations where the exposures they face differ by more than 45 degrees (0.79 rad).

  [ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.1.1]

  E 503.4.6.1 Dead Band. Where used to control both heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of and configured to provide a temperature range or dead band of not less than 5°F (3°C) within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.

  Exceptions:

  (1) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes.

  (2) Special occupancy or special applications where wide temperature ranges are not acceptable (such as retirement homes, process applications, museums, some areas of hospitals) and are approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.1.2]

  E 503.4.6.2 Setpoint Overlap Restriction. Where heating and cooling to a zone are controlled by separate zone thermostatic controls located within

  422 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  APPENDIX E

  the zone, means (such as limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DDC systems, software programming) shall be provided to prevent the heating setpoint from exceeding the cooling setpoint minus any applicable proportional band. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.2] E 503.4.6.3 Off-Hour Controls. HVAC systems shall have the off-hour controls required by Section E 503.4.6.3.1 through Section E 503.4.6.3.5.

  Exceptions:

  (1) HVAC systems intended to operate continuously.

  (2) HVAC systems not serving residential spaces and having a design heating capacity and cooling capacity less than 7000 Btu/h (2.1 kW) that are equipped with a readily accessible manual ON/OFF controls. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.4.3.3]

  E 503.4.6.3.1 Automatic Shutdown. HVAC systems shall be equipped with not less than one of the following:

  (1) Controls that can start and stop the system under different time schedules for seven different day-types per week, are capable of retaining programming and time setting during loss of power for a period of not less than 10 hours, and include an accessible manual override, or equivalent function, that allows temporary operation of the system for up to 2 hours.

  (2) An occupancy sensor that is capable of shutting the system off when no occupant is sensed for a period of up to 30 minutes.

  (3) A manually operated timer capable of being adjusted to operate the system for up to 2 hours.

  (4) An interlock to a security system that shuts the system off when the security system is activated.

  Exceptions:

• § 503.5.6.2. Medium relevance — show source text

  (1) The system serves a single HVAC zone.

  (2) The equipment shall comply with the variable flow requirements of Section E 503.5.6.2.

  (3) Cooling (where any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split-system air conditioner that is either air-cooled or evaporatively cooled, with efficiency that is in accordance with the requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(1) for air conditioners, Table E 503.7.1(2) for heat pumps, or Table E 503.7.1(4) for packaged terminal and room air conditioners and heat pumps for the applicable equipment category.

  (4) The system shall have an air economizer in accordance with Section E 503.5 and Section E 503.4.6.13.

  (5) Heating (where any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split-system heat pump that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(2) for heat pumps or Table E 503.7.1(4) for packaged terminal and room air conditioners and heat pumps, a fuel-fired furnace that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(5) for furnaces, duct furnaces, and unit heaters, an electric resistance heater, or a baseboard system connected to a boiler that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(6) for boilers.

  (6) The system shall comply with the exhaust air energy recovery requirements in accordance with Section E 503.5.10.1.2.

  (7) The system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.

  (8) Where a heat pump equipped with auxiliary internal electric resistance heaters is installed, controls shall be provided that prevent supplemental heater operation where the heating load is capable of being met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supplemental heater operation shall be permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles. The heat pump shall be controlled in accordance with one of the following:

  (a) A digital or electronic thermostat designed for heat pump use that energizes auxiliary heat where the heat pump has insufficient capacity

  2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE 419

  ), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.

  APPENDIX E

  to maintain setpoint or to warm up the space at a sufficient rate.

  (b) A multistage space thermostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize auxiliary heat on the last stage of the space thermostat and where outdoor air temperature is less than 40°F (4°C).

  Exceptions: Heat pumps that comply with the following:

  (1) Have a minimum efficiency regulated by NAECA.

  (2) In accordance with the requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(2).

  (3) Include all usage of internal electric resistance heating.

  (9) The system controls shall not permit reheat or other form of simultaneous heating and cooling for humidity control.

  (10)Systems serving spaces other than residential spaces, that do not require continuous operation with a cooling or heating capacity more than 7000 Btu/h (2.1 kW) shall comply with Section E 503.4.6.3.1 and Section E 503.4.6.3.2.

• § 110.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  C. Heat pump controls. All heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters shall be installed with controls that comply with Section 110.2(b).

  NOTE: Authority: Sections 25213, 25218, 25218.5, 25402 and 25402.1, Public Resources Code . Reference: Sections 25007, 25008, 25218.5, 25310, 25402, 25402.1, 25402.4, 25402.5, 25402.8 and 25943, Public Resources Code .

  D. Shut-off and reset controls for space-conditioning systems. Each space-conditioning system shall be installed with controls that comply with the following: i. The control shall be capable of automatically shutting off the system during periods of nonuse and shall have: a. An automatic time switch control device complying with Section 110.9, with an accessible manual override that allows operation of the system for up to 4 hours; or b. An occupancy sensor; or c. A 4-hour timer that can be manually operated. ii. The control shall automatically restart and temporarily operate the system as required to maintain: a. A setback heating thermostat setpoint if the system provides mechanical heating; and Exception to Section 160.3(a)2Diia: Thermostat setback controls are not required in multifamily buildings in areas where the Winter Median of Extremes outdoor air temperature determined in accordance with Section 170.2(c)1C is greater than 32°F. b. A setup cooling thermostat setpoint if the system provides mechanical cooling.

  212 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

  Exception to Section 160.3(a)2Diib: Thermostat setup controls are not required in multifamily buildings in areas where the summer design dry-bulb 0.5-percent temperature determined in accordance with Section 170.2(c)1C is less than 100°F.

  iii. Occupant sensing zone controls . Where the system providing space conditioning also provides the ventilation required by Section 160.2(c)3 and includes occupant sensor ventilation control as specified in Section 160.2(c)5E, the occupant sensing zone controls shall additionally comply with the following: a. Occupant sensing zone controls shall comply with the occupant sensor ventilation control device requirements of Section 160.3(c)5E and allow preoccupancy ventilation requirements of Section 160.3(c)5B; and b. In 5 minutes or less after entering occupied-standby mode as described in Section 160.2(c)5: I. Automatically set up the operating cooling temperature setpoint by 2°F or more and set back the operating heating temperature setpoint by 2°F or more; or II. For multiple zone systems with direct digital controls (DDC) to the zone level, set up the operating cooling temperature setpoint by 0.5°F or more and set back the operating heating temperature setpoint by 0.5°F or more. c. In 5 minutes or less after entering occupied-standby mode, mechanical ventilation to the zone shall remain off whenever the space temperature is between the active heating and cooling setpoints. Exception to Section 160.3(a)2Diii : Zones that are only ventilated by a natural ventilation system in accordance with Section 120.1(c)2.

• § 160.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  5A, 160.5(b), 170.2(e), 180.0 Group U 140.6(a)3N, O Pattern 140.4(b)9, 140.7(d), 170.2(c)2, 170.2(e) Permit 110.10(b)1A, 110.10(b)1B, 110.6(a)6, 120.1(c), 120.1(g), 120.5(a), 120.6(c), 120.6(e), 120.6(f), 120.6(g), 120.6(i), 120.8(f), 130.1(f), 130.4(a), 140.6(a), 140.6(b), 140.9(b), 150.1(b), 150.1(c), 150.2(b), 160.3(d)1, 160.3(d)2, 160.5(e), 170.1(d), 170.2(e), 180.2(b)5 Sensor 110.9(b), 120.1(d), 120.2(e), 120.2(i), 120.6(b), 120.6(c), 120.6(i), 130.1(c), 130.2(c), 140.4(c), 140.6(a), Table 140.6-A, 140.9(b), 140.9(c), 150.0(k), 160.2(c), 160.3(a), 160.5(a), 160.5(b)4C, 170.2(c) Occupant 120.1(d) Controlled smart thermostat 110.12(a) Density 110.8(c), 120.1(d), 120.1(h), 120.6(a), 120.6(f), 130.0(c), Table 140.3-A, 140.4(b)7, Table 140.4-C, 140.6(a), 140.6(b), 140.6(c), Table 140.6-B, Table 140.6-C, 140.9(a), Table 140.9-D, 160.2(c), 160.5(b), 170.2(c), Table 170.2-D, 170.2(e), Table 170.2-M, Table 170.2-N, Table 170.2-Q Sensing zone 120.2(e), 120.5(a), 160.3(a)2, 160.3(d) Sensor ventilation control 120.1(d), 120.1(e), 160.2(c)5, 160.3(a) Occupiable Space 120.1(c)1, 120.4(g), 120.6(c), 141.0(b) 150.0(a), 150.0(m), 150.0(o), 160.2(a), 160.2(b), 160.2(c), 160.3(b), 160.3(c), 180.2(b)2B Occupied 120.1(c), 120.1(d), 120.1(h), 120.2(e), 120.2(k), 120.4(b), 120.6(c), 120.6(f), 130.1(c), 130.2(c)2, 140.4(e), 140.4(m), 140.4(p), 140.6(c), 140.9(c), Table 140.9-D, 140.10(a), 150.1(c),

• § 110.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)|110.4, 110.5, 150.0(p)| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Solar Ready Buildings|110.10|110.10|110.10|141.0(a)| |Nonresidential
  and
  Hotels/Motels|Solar PV and Battery Energy
  Storage Systems|N.A.|141.10|140.0, 140.1|N.A.|

  2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE 1

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  ALL OCCUPANCIES—GENERAL PROVISIONS

  TABLE 100.0-A—APPLICATION OF STANDARDS—continued	Col2	Col3	Col4	Col5	Col6
  OCCUPANCIES	APPLICATION	MANDATORY	PRESCRIPTIVE	PERFORMANCE	ADDITIONS/ ALTERATIONS
  Covered Processes1	Envelope, Ventilation, Process Loads	110.2, 120.3, 120.6	140.9	140.1	110.2, 120.3, 120.6, 140.9, 141.1
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Control Thermostats	JA5; Exception 5 to Section 110.10(b)1A; Exception 4 to Section 110.10(b)1B	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Zonal HVAC Controls	110.12	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Lighting Controls	110.12	140.6(a)2K; 170.2(e)2Bxi	N.A.	Table 141.0-F; Table 180.2-E
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Electronic Message Center Control	110.12, 130.3(a)3	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
  Demand Responsive (DR) Controls	DR Controlled Receptacles	110.12, 130.5(e), 160.6(e)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
  Signs	Indoor and Outdoor	110.9, 130.0, 130.3, 160.5(d)	140.8, 170.2(e)7	N.A.	141.0, 141.0(b)2H, 180.2(b)4Bvi
  Single-family	General	150.0	150.1(a), (c)	150.1(a), (b)	150.2(a), (b)
  Single-family	Envelope (conditioned)	110.6, 110.7, 110.8, 150(a), 150.0(b), 150.0(c), 150.0(d), 150.0(e), 150.0(g), 150.0(q)	110.6, 110.7, 110.8, 150(a), 150.0(b),

• § 180.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  Exception 1 to Section 180.2(b)2Biib: When it is not possible to achieve the duct leakage criteria in Section 180.2(b)2Biib, all accessible leaks shall be sealed and verified through a visual inspection and a smoke test performed by a certified mechanical acceptance test technician utilizing the methods specified in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3 Exception 2 to Section 180.2(b)2Biib: Duct sealing. Existing duct systems that are extended, which are constructed, insulated or sealed with asbestos, are not required to comply with Subsection 180.2(b)2Biib. c. If the new ducts are an extension of an existing duct system, the combined new and existing duct system meets the criteria in Subsections I, II and III below. The duct system shall be sealed to a leakage rate not to exceed 15 percent of the nominal air handler airflow rate as confirmed through acceptance testing, in accordance with Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3: I. The duct system provides conditioned air to an occupiable space for a constant volume, single zone, space-conditioning system; and II. The space-conditioning system serves less than 5,000 square feet of conditioned floor area; and III. The combined surface area of the ducts located in the following spaces is more than 25 percent of the total surface area of the entire duct system:

  A. Outdoors;

  B. In a space directly under a roof that:

  i. Has a U- factor greater than the U- factor of the ceiling, or if the roof does not meet the requirements of Section 170.2(a)1B, or

  ii. Has fixed vents or openings to the outside or unconditioned spaces; or C. In an unconditioned crawl space; or D. In other unconditioned spaces. iii. Altered space-conditioning systems. When a space-conditioning system is altered by the installation or replacement of space-conditioning system equipment (including replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil: a. For all altered units where the existing thermostat does not comply with the requirements for demand responsive controls specified in Section 110.12, the existing thermostat shall be replaced with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12. All newly installed space-conditioning systems requiring a thermostat shall be equipped with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12; and

  b. The duct system that is connected to the new or replaced space-conditioning system equipment shall be sealed, if the duct system meets the criteria of Section 120.4(g), as confirmed through acceptance testing, in accordance with the applicable procedures for duct sealing of altered existing duct systems as specified in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3, and conforming to the applicable leakage compliance criteria in Section 180.2(b)2Bii. Exception 1 to Section 180.2(b)2Biiib: duct sealing . Buildings altered so that the duct system no longer meets the criteria of Section 170.2(c)4Ji are not required to comply with Subsection 180.2(b)2Biiib. Exception 2 to Section 180.2(b)2Biiib: duct sealing . Duct systems that are documented to have been previously sealed as confirmed through acceptance testing in accordance with procedures in the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3 are not required to comply with Subsection 180.2(b)2Biiib.

• § 6.1507 Medium relevance — show source text

  Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F)
  Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(×) + 0.0062692(×)2 – 0.000045595(×)3
  where× = Condenser DT + LIFT
  COPadj = Kadj * COPstd|1. LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (°F)
  2. Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F)
  Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(×) + 0.0062692(×)2 – 0.000045595(×)3
  where× = Condenser DT + LIFT
  COPadj = Kadj * COPstd|1. LIFT = Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Leaving Chilled Water Temperature (°F)
  2. Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) – Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F)
  Kadj = 6.1507 – 0.30244(×) + 0.0062692(×)2 – 0.000045595(×)3
  where× = Condenser DT + LIFT
  COPadj = Kadj * COPstd|

  A6.207.1.2 Controls for heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters. Heat pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters shall have controls:

  A6.207.1.2.1 That prevent supplementary heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone; and

  A6.207.1.2.2 In which the cut-on temperature for compression heating is higher than the cut-on temperature for supplementary heating and the cut-off temperature for compression heating is higher than the cut-off temperature for supplementary heating.

  Exceptions: The controls may allow supplementary heater operation during:

  1. Defrost; and
  2. Transient periods such as start-ups and following room thermostat setpoint advance, if the controls provide preferential rate control, intelligent recovery, staging, ramping or another control mechanism designed to preclude the unnecessary operation of supplementary heating.

  A6.207.1.3 Thermostats. All unitary heating and/or cooling systems including heat pumps that are not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have a setback thermostat.

  1. Setback capabilities. All thermostats shall have a clock mechanism that allows the building occupant to program the temperature set points for at least four periods within 24 hours. Thermostats for heat pumps shall meet the requirements of Section A6.207.1.2.

  Exception: Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, noncentral electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners and room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with this requirement. Additionally, room air-conditioner heat pumps need not comply with Section A6.207.1.2. Under perfor

  2025 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE APPENDIX A6.1-17

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  APPENDIX A6.1 — VOLUNTARY STANDARDS FOR HEALTH FACILITIES [OSHPD 1, 2 & 4]

• § 141.0 Medium relevance — show source text

  Exception 1 to Section 141.0(b)2Dii: When it is not possible to achieve the duct leakage criteria in Section 141.0(b)2Dii, then all accessible leaks shall be sealed and verified through a visual inspection and a smoke test performed by a certified mechanical acceptance test technician utilizing the methods specified in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.5.3. Exception 2 to Section 141.0(b)2Dii: Duct sealing. Existing duct systems that are extended, which are constructed insulated or sealed with asbestos are not required to comply with Subsection 141.0(b)2Dii. iii. If new ducts installed as part of an alteration are not required to comply with leakage testing specified by Section 141.0(b)2Di or 141.0(b)2Dii, then the new ducts shall meet the duct leakage testing requirements of CMC Section 603.9.2.

  E. Altered space-conditioning systems. When a space-conditioning system is altered by the installation or replacement of space-conditioning system equipment (including replacement of the air handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air conditioner or heat pump, or cooling or heating coil: i. For all altered units where the existing thermostat does not comply with the requirements for demand responsive controls specified in Section 110.12, the existing thermostat shall be replaced with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12. All newly installed space-conditioning systems requiring a thermostat shall be equipped with a demand responsive thermostat that complies with Section 110.12; and ii. The duct system that is connected to the new or replaced space-conditioning system equipment shall be sealed in accordance with Section 141.0(b)2Dii. Exception 1 to Section 141.0(b)2Eii: Duct sealing. Buildings altered so that the duct system no longer meets the criteria of Section 141.0(b)2Dii. Exception 2 to Section 141.0(b)2Eii: Duct sealing. Duct systems that are documented to have been previously sealed as confirmed through field verification and diagnostic testing in accordance with procedures in Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA2. Exception 3 to Section 141.0(b)2Eii: Duct sealing. Existing duct systems constructed, insulated or sealed with asbestos are not required to comply with Subsection 141.0(b)2Eii. F. Spaces with lighting systems installed for the first time shall meet the requirements of Sections 110.9, 130.0, 130.1, 130.2, 130.4, 140.3(c), 140.6 and 140.7. G. When the requirements of Section 130.1(d) are triggered by the addition of skylights to an existing building and the lighting system is not recircuited, the daylighting control need not meet the multilevel requirements in Section 130.1(d). H. New internally and externally illuminated signs shall meet the requirements of Sections 110.9, 130.3 and 140.8. I. Altered indoor lighting systems. Alterations to indoor lighting systems that include 10% or more of the luminaires serving an enclosed space shall meet the requirements of i, ii, or iii below: i. The alteration shall comply with the indoor lighting power requirements specified in Section 140.6 and the lighting control requirements specified in Table 141.0-F; ii.

• § 110.2 Medium relevance — show source text

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  ALL OCCUPANCIES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING COMPONENTS

  (c) Thermostats. All heating or cooling systems not controlled by a central energy management control system (EMCS) shall have a setback thermostat.

  1. Setback capabilities. All thermostats shall have a clock mechanism that allows the building occupant to program the temperature setpoints for at least four periods within 24 hours. Thermostats for heat pumps shall meet the requirements of Section 110.2(b).

  Exception to Section 110.2(c): Gravity gas wall heaters, gravity floor heaters, gravity room heaters, noncentral electric heaters, fireplaces or decorative gas appliances, wood stoves, room air conditioners and room air-conditioner heat pumps.

  (d) Gas-fired and oil-fired furnace standby loss controls. Gas-fired and oil-fired forced-air furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/hr shall also have an intermittent ignition or interrupted device (IID), and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/hr, including electric furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75 percent of the input rating.

  (e) Open and closed-circuit cooling towers. All open and closed-circuit cooling tower installations shall comply with the following:

  1. Be equipped with conductivity controls that maximize cycles of concentration based on local water quality conditions. Controls shall automate system bleed and chemical feed based on conductivity. Conductivity controllers shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications in order to maximize accuracy.
  2. Documentation of maximum achievable cycles of concentration. Building owners shall document the cycles of concentration achievable based on local water supply conditions as reported annually by the local water supplier, and using the calculations below. The calculations are intended to determine maximum achievable cycles of concentration based on the parameters identified in Table 110.2-A-1. Building owner shall document maximum achievable cycles of concentration on the mechanical compliance form which shall be reviewed and signed by the Professional Engineer (P.E.) of Record. The maximum achievable cycles of concentrations are based on the local water supply quality as reported by the local water supplier, and shall be the minimum of: A. 2,970 divided by the conductivity of the entering make-up water. B. 1,845 divided by the total dissolved solids of the entering make-up water. C. 540 divided by the M-alkalinity excluding galvanized steel of the entering make-up water. D. 450 divided by the M-alkalinity including galvanized steel of the entering make-up water. E. 540 divided by the calcium hardness of the entering make-up water. F. 270 divided by the chlorides of the entering make-up water. G. 225 divided by the sulfates of the entering make-up water. H. 135 divided by the silica of the entering make-up water. I. Langelier Saturation Index = 10 ( --------------------–1 - ∗ [ Log ( M ∗ 0.9 ∗ 1.219) − 0.061105 ∗ Log ( C ∗ 0.8) + 0.55 ∗ Log ( H ∗ M ) + 0.0050325

  2.038895

• § 209.1.4 Medium relevance — show source text

  ** Automatic time switch control devices or system shall:

  1. Be capable of programming different schedules for weekdays and weekends; and

  2. Have program backup capabilities that prevent the loss of the device’s schedules for at least 7 days and the device’s time and date setting for at least 72 hours if power is interrupted. A6.209.1.4 Occupant sensors, motion sensors and vacancy sensors. Occupant sensors, motion sensors and vacancy sensors shall be capable of automatically turning off all the lights in an area no more than 30 minutes after the area has been vacated and shall have a visible status signal that indicates that the device is operating properly or that it has failed or malfunctioned. The visible status signal may have an override switch that turns the signal off. In addition, ultrasonic and microwave devices shall have a built-in mechanism that allows calibration of the sensitivity of the device to room movement in order to reduce the false sensing of occupants and shall comply with either Subsection A6.209.1.4.1 or A6.209.1.4.2 below, as applicable: A6.209.1.4.1 If the device emits ultrasonic radiation as a signal for sensing occupants within an area, the device shall:

  3. Have had a Radiation Safety Abbreviated Report submitted to the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Federal Food and Drug Administration, under 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 1002.12 (1996) and a copy of the report shall have been submitted to the California Energy Commission; and

  4. Emit no audible sound; and

  5. Not emit ultrasound in excess of the decibel (dB) values shown in Table A6.209.1-A, measured no more than 5 feet from the source, on axis.

  A6.209.1.4.2 If the device emits microwave radiation as a signal for sensing occupants within the area, the device shall:

  1. Comply with all applicable provisions in 47 Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 2 and 15 (1996) and have an approved Federal Communications Commission Identifier that appears on all units of the device and that has been submitted to the California Energy Commission; and

  2. Not emit radiation in excess of 1 milliwatt per square centimeter measured at no more than 5 centimeters from the emission surface of the device; and

  3. Have permanently affixed to it installation instructions recommending that it be installed at least 12 inches from any area normally used by room occupants. A6.209.1.5 Multilevel occupant sensor. Multilevel occupant sensors shall have an automatic OFF function that turns off all the lights and either an automatic or a manually controlled ON function capable of meeting all the multilevel and uniformity requirements of Section A6.209.2.2 for the controlled lighting. The first stage shall be capable of activating between 30–70 percent of the lighting power in a room either through an automatic or manual action and may be a switching or dimming system. After that event occurs the device shall be capable of all of the following actions when manually called to do so by the occupant:

  4. Activating the alternate set of lights.

  5. Activating 100 percent of the lighting power.

  6. Deactivating all lights. A6.209.1.6 Automatic daylighting control devices. Automatic daylighting control devices used to control lights in daylit zones shall:

  7. Be capable of reducing the power consumption of the general lighting in the controlled area by at least two thirds in response to the availability of daylight; and
• § 62.1 Medium relevance — show source text

  [ASHRAE 62.1:5.13.2.2] 7. Classification. Air leaving each space or location shall be designated at an expected air-quality classification not less than that shown in Tables 120.1-A, 120.1-B or 120.1-C. Air leaving spaces or locations that are not listed in Tables 120.1-A, 120.1-B or 120.1-C shall be designated with the same classification as air from the most similar space or location listed in terms of occupant activities and building construction.

  (h) Ventilation only mechanical systems. HVAC systems without mechanical cooling or mechanical heating shall meet the requirements of Section 120.2(f).

  Note: Authority: Sections 25213, 25218, 25218.5, 25402 and 25402.1, Public Resources Code. Reference: Sections 25007, 25008, 25218.5, 25310, 25402, 25402.1, 25402.4, 25402.8, and 25943, Public Resources Code.

  SECTION 120.2—REQUIRED CONTROLS FOR SPACE-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

  Nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings shall comply with the applicable requirements of Sections 120.2(a) through 120.2(l).

  (a) Thermostatic controls for each zone. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each space-conditioning zone or dwelling unit shall be controlled by an individual thermostatic control that responds to temperature within the zone and that meets the applicable requirements of Section 120.2(b). An energy management control system (EMCS) may be installed to comply with the requirements of one or more thermostatic controls if it complies with all applicable requirements for each thermostatic control.

  Exception to Section 120.2(a): An independent perimeter heating or cooling system may serve more than one zone without individual thermostatic controls if:

  1. All zones are also served by an interior cooling system; and
  2. The perimeter system is designed solely to offset envelope heat losses or gains; and
  3. The perimeter system has at least one thermostatic control for each building orientation of 50 feet or more; and
  4. The perimeter system is controlled by at least one thermostat located in one of the zones served by the system.

  (b) Criteria for zonal thermostatic controls. The individual thermostatic controls required by Section 120.2(a) shall meet the following requirements as applicable:

  1. Where used to control comfort heating, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, down to 55°F or lower.

  2. Where used to control comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set, locally or remotely, up to 85°F or higher.

  3. Where used to control both comfort heating and comfort cooling, the thermostatic controls shall meet Items 1 and 2 and shall be capable of providing a temperature range or dead band of at least 5°F within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum.

  72 2025 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  NONRESIDENTIAL, HOTEL/MOTEL OCCUPANCIES, AND COVERED PROCESSES—MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

  Exception 1 to Section 120.2(b)3: Systems with thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes. Exception 2 to Section 120.2(b)3: Systems serving healthcare facilities. 4.

• § 0.824 Medium relevance — show source text

  622**|0.824|1.049|1.380|1.610|2.067|2.469|3.068|4.026| |LENGTH
  (feet)|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR|CAPACITY IN CUBIC FEET OF GAS PER HOUR| |10
  20
  30
  40
  50|2350
  1620
  1300
  1110
  985|4920
  3380
  2720
  2320
  2060|9270
  6370
  5110
  4380
  3880|19 000
  13 100
  10 500
  8990
  7970|28 500
  19 600
  15 700
  13 500
  11 900|54 900
  37 700
  30 300
  25 900
  23 000|87 500
  60 100
  48 300
  41 300
  36 600|155 000
  106 000
  85 400
  73 100
  64 800|316 000
  217 000
  174 000
  149 000
  132 000| |60
  70
  80
  90
  100|892
  821
  764
  717
  677|1870
  1720
  1600
  1500
  1420|3520
  3230
  3010
  2820
  2670|7220
  6640
  6180
  5800
  5470|10 800
  9950
  9260
  8680
  8200|20 800
  19 200
  17 800
  16 700
  15 800|33 200
  30 500
  28 400
  26 700
  25 200|58 700
  54 000
  50 200
  47 100
  44 500|120 000
  110 000
  102 000
  96 100
  90 800| |125
  150
  175
  200
  250|600
  544
  500
  465
  412|1250
  1140
  1050
  973
  862|2360
  2140
  1970
  1830
  1620|4850
  4400
  4040
  3760
  3330|7270
  6590
  6060
  5640
  5000|14 000
  12 700
  11 700
  10 900
  9620|22 300
  20 200
  18 600
  17 300
  15 300|39 500
  35 700
  32 900
  30 600
  27 100|80 500
  72 900
  67