CBC · California Building Code

Required automatic fire protection and alarm systems for Group H

If your building is a Group H occupancy, the CBC requires automatic fire detection (§415.3), sprinklers throughout the H area (§415.4), and specific emergency alarm devices, spacing, supervision and emergency power where hazardous materials are stored, handled or transported (§415.5). Consult the referenced California Fire Code sections (notably §907.2 and §903.2.5) for the detailed detection and sprinkler design and the CBC §2702.2 for power requirements filefile.

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Last reviewed: July 5, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

Group H occupancies must be protected by automatic detection and automatic sprinkler systems, and must have emergency alarm arrangements for hazardous-material storage, handling and transport within the occupancy. The specific controlling provisions are §415.3 (automatic fire detection), §415.4 (automatic sprinklers throughout) and §415.5 (emergency alarms and related supervision/power) of the California Building Code (CBC) . Where §415 references other code sections (for example §907.2 and §903.2.5), those provisions establish the detailed alarm and sprinkler design/operation requirements that implement the CBC requirements .

Requirements in detail

High-level rules (what you must provide)

  • Automatic fire detection: Group H occupancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with §415.3 of the CBC (implemented per §907.2) .
  • Automatic sprinklers: Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with §415.4 of the CBC (implemented per §903.2.5 of the California Fire Code) file.
  • Emergency alarms for hazardous materials: §415.5 requires emergency alarm systems for detection and occupant notification in Group H occupancies and then prescribes placement, supervision and power requirements for those systems in the storage, dispensing, use and handling contexts .

Decision‑relevant dimensions (table)

Requirement Where / When it applies Key numeric / placement values Code reference
Automatic fire detection (general) All Group H fire areas Provided in accordance with §907.2 (see §907.2.5 for Group H specifics) §415.3; see §907.2 file
Automatic sprinkler system Throughout the Group H occupancy (whole building/area) System design per §903.2.5 (includes H‑5 design criteria and special rules) §415.4; see §903.2.5 file
Manual emergency alarm for storage Buildings/rooms/areas used for storage of hazardous materials Manual alarm‑initiating devices installed outside each interior exit or exit access door of the storage area; activation sounds a local alarm §415.5.1
Alarm devices along transport routes Where hazard‑ranked 3 or 4 materials are transported through corridors, interior exit stairs/ramps or exit passageways Initiating device/telephone/local station at not more than 150 ft intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway; signal relayed to approved central/proprietary/remote or constantly‑attended on‑site location and initiates local audible alarm §415.5.2
Supervision / monitoring Emergency alarm systems required by §415.5.1 or §415.5.2 Systems shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service OR shall initiate audible + visual signal at a constantly attended on‑site location §415.5.3
Emergency/standby power Emergency alarm systems required by §415.5.1 or §415.5.2 Emergency or standby power required in accordance with §2702.2 (CBC reference) — see code for generator/battery sizing and duration §415.5.4; see §2702.2

Notes about interdependencies

  • The CBC §§415.3–415.5 call to the California Fire Code (CFC) for detailed alarm and sprinkler performance/installation rules. For example, §415.3 points to §907.2 for what an “automatic fire detection system” must do, and §415.4 points to §903.2.5 for Group H sprinkler design details (including H‑5 design table and 11th‑story zoning indications) file .

Exceptions & special cases

  • Group H‑5: The CFC contains specific sprinkler design criteria and additional alarm expectations for H‑5 occupancies (semiconductor/HPM facilities); CBC §415.4 adopts the CFC requirement that H‑5 be sprinklered and that sprinkler design meet Table 903.2.5.2 criteria for hazard categories in H‑5 areas file.
  • Manufacture of organic coatings and certain highly toxic/oxidizing materials: §907.2.5 (CFC) requires a manual fire alarm system in Group H‑5 and for organic‑coatings manufacture; it also calls for automatic smoke detection for highly toxic gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers per the referenced CFC chapters .
  • High‑rise / 11th story and above: Where Group H occupancies are located on the 11th story and above, special requirements apply (manual fire alarm boxes on each side of 2‑hour fire‑smoke barriers and sprinkler system zoning that gives separate water‑flow indication for each side of the barrier) — see §907.2.5.1 and §903.2.5.4 as adopted/linked by §415 file.
  • Where §415 references §2702.2 for emergency/standby power, the CBC/Fire Code details on duration, transfer and sizing are in §2702.2; full text of §2702.2 was not included in the retrieved excerpts and must be consulted directly for sizing/duration criteria .

Common mistakes

  • Treating “automatic detection” and “manual emergency alarm” as interchangeable. CBC §415.3 requires automatic detection per §907.2 while §415.5 separately requires manual/emergency alarm devices in storage/transport contexts; both may be required depending on the space and hazard file.
  • Assuming partial sprinkler coverage is acceptable. §415.4 requires sprinklers “throughout” the Group H occupancy; the CFC gives detailed design requirements for hazard classes and H‑5 specifics — do not omit sprinkler protection in any fire area classified Group H unless a specific exception applies file.
  • Misplacing initiating devices for hazardous‑material storage/transport. Storage areas require manual alarm‑initiating devices outside each interior exit or exit access door (§415.5.1) and transported hazardous materials with hazard ranking 3 or 4 require devices at ≤150‑ft intervals and at each exit/exit‑access doorway (§415.5.2) — placement errors here are common and cited in inspections .
  • Failing to supervise/monitor local alarm systems. Emergency alarms required by §415.5.1/415.5.2 must be electrically supervised and monitored or annunciated at a constantly attended location per §415.5.3 — installing unsupervised local alarms will not meet the code requirement .
  • Overlooking references: the short CBC text in §415 points to performance/design rules in other chapters (for example §907.2 and §903.2.5). Contractors sometimes stop at §415 language and do not implement the referenced CFC details; you must apply both the CBC directive and the referenced CFC sections filefile.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A single 25,000 ft² manufacturing building is classified as Group H‑2. The facility stores and transports a Class 3 flammable liquid through interior corridors and has two interior exits on opposite ends of the building. The transport route through corridors is 360 ft long between the two exits.

Apply the code:

  1. Automatic detection: Provide an automatic fire detection system for the Group H occupancy in accordance with §415.3 and §907.2 (detection devices throughout per the detection design required in §907.2) file.
  2. Sprinklers: The entire 25,000 ft² building must be sprinklered throughout per §415.4 with a sprinkler design consistent with §903.2.5 hazard criteria for the processes/storage present; design area and selection of ordinary/extra hazard density follow CFC/NFPA 13 criteria adopted by §903.2.5 file.
  3. Alarm devices along transport route: Because Class 3 materials (hazard ranking 3 or 4 per the NFPA 704 approach referenced in §415.5.2) are transported through corridors, you must install an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm‑initiating device at not more than 150 ft intervals and at each exit and exit‑access doorway along the 360‑ft route. Calculation: 360 ft / 150 ft = 2.4 → devices needed at roughly: corridor start (exit), at ~150 ft (mid), at ~300 ft (mid), and at the far exit — plus devices at any intermediate exit/access doors. Minimum expected devices along the route: 3 spaced devices plus the devices at each exit/exit access door (practically 4–5 devices depending on exact door locations) per §415.5.2 .
  4. Supervision & monitoring: Those alarm systems must be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved central/proprietary/remote station OR must initiate audible and visual signals at a constantly attended on‑site location per §415.5.3; plan for a monitored connection or an attendant station to meet inspection/approval .
  5. Emergency power: Provide emergency or standby power for the required emergency alarm systems in accordance with §415.5.4 and §2702.2 (consult §2702.2 for duration and transfer specifications; that section’s full provisions should be consulted directly) .

Related provisions

  • §415.3 — Automatic fire detection systems (CBC)
  • §415.4 — Automatic sprinkler system (CBC)
  • §415.5 — Emergency alarms (CBC) and subsections §415.5.1–§415.5.4 for storage, transport spacing, supervision and power
  • §907.2 — Alarm system requirements referenced by §415.3 (CFC; includes §907.2.5 Group H details)
  • §903.2.5 — Automatic sprinkler requirements for Group H referenced by §415.4 (CFC; includes H‑5 design criteria and pyroxylin rule)
  • §2702.2 — Emergency/standby power referenced by §415.5.4 (CBC) — consult the full text for sizing/duration requirements (full text not included in retrieved excerpts)
  • §414 — Hazardous materials control areas and related requirements (CBC) — used in conjunction with §415 provisions for Group H occupancies

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CBC § 414.6.1.3 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 1,500 square feet (140 m [2] ).

    Exception: The maximum area is permitted to be increased as provided by Section 506.

    SECTION 415—GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5

    [F] 415.1 General. Occupancies classified as Group H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 in accordance with Section 307 shall comply with Sections 415.1 through 415.11.

    [F] 415.2 Compliance. Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 414 and the California Fire Code .

    [F] 415.3 Automatic fire detection systems. Group H occupancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.

    [F] 415.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5.

    [F] 415.5 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.

    [F] 415.5.1 Storage. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.

    [F] 415.5.2 Dispensing, use and handling. Where hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways or ramps, or exit passageways, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals and at each exit and exit access doorway throughout the transport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or constantly attended on-site location and shall initiate a local audible alarm.

    [F] 415.5.3 Supervision. Emergency alarm systems required by Section 415.5.1 or 415.5.2 shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

    [F] 415.5.4 Emergency alarm systems. Emergency alarm systems required by Section 415.5.1 or 415.5.2 shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702.2.

    [F] 415.6 Fire separation distance. Group H occupancies shall be located on property in accordance with the other provisions of this chapter. In Groups H-2 and H-3, not less than 25 percent of the perimeter wall of the occupancy shall be an exterior wall.

  • CBC § 414.6 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 414.6 Outdoor storage, dispensing and use. The outdoor storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .

    [F] 414.6.1 Weather protection. Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage or use areas, such areas shall be considered outdoor storage or use where the weather protection structure complies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.

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    SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE

    [F] 414.6.1.1 Walls. Walls shall not obstruct more than one side of the structure.

    Exception: Walls shall be permitted to obstruct portions of multiple sides of the structure, provided that the obstructed area is not greater than 25 percent of the structure’s perimeter.

    [F] 414.6.1.2 Separation distance. The distance from the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public way shall be not less than the distance required for an outside hazardous material storage or use area without weather protection.

    [F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 1,500 square feet (140 m [2] ).

    Exception: The maximum area is permitted to be increased as provided by Section 506.

    SECTION 415—GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5

    [F] 415.1 General. Occupancies classified as Group H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 in accordance with Section 307 shall comply with Sections 415.1 through 415.11.

    [F] 415.2 Compliance. Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 414 and the California Fire Code .

    [F] 415.3 Automatic fire detection systems. Group H occupancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.

    [F] 415.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5.

    [F] 415.5 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.

    [F] 415.5.1 Storage. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.

  • CBC § 907.2.3.9 High relevance — show source text

    907.2.3.9 Day care, Group E.

    907.2.3.9.1 An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E day care.

    Exception: Automatic detection devices are not required where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.

    907.2.3.9.2 Smoke detectors shall be installed in every room used for sleeping or napping.

    907.2.3.10 Day care, Group E or Group I-4 located on a public school campus. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E or Group I-4 day care.

    907.2.4 Group F. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group F occupancies where both of the following conditions exist:

    1. The Group F occupancy is two or more stories in height.
    2. The Group F occupancy has a combined occupant load of 500 or more above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

    Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.

    907.2.4.1 Manufacturing involving lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries. A fire alarm system activated by an air-samplingtype smoke detection system or a radiant-energy-sensing detection system shall be installed throughout the entire fire area where lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries are manufactured; and where the manufacturer of vehicles, energy storage systems or equipment containing lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries where the batteries are installed as part of the manufacturing process.

    907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed for highly toxic gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 60, 62 and 63, respectively.

    907.2.5.1 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be required on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier and at each exit on the 11th story and above.

    907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group I occupancies. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.6.1, 907.2.6.2 and 907.2.6.3.3.

    Exceptions:

    1. Large family day care.
    2. Occupant notification systems are not required to be activated where private mode signaling installed in accordance with NFPA 72 is approved by the fire code official and staff evacuation responsibilities are included in the fire safety and evacuation plan required by Section 404.

    907.2.6.1 Reserved.

  • CBC § 907.2.3.8 High relevance — show source text

    Concession Stand

    Press Box Restroom Facility Shade Structure

    Snack Bar Storage Building Ticket Booth

    907.2.3.8 Private schools. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in new buildings of private schools.

    Exception: Automatic detection devices are not required where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed in accor- dance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.

    907.2.3.9 Day-care, Group E.

    907.2.3.9.1 An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E day-care.

    Exception: Automatic detection devices are not required where an approved automatic sprinkler system is installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate on sprinkler water flow and manual activation is provided from a normally occupied location.

    907.2.3.9.2 Smoke detectors shall be installed in every room used for sleeping or napping.

    907.2.3.10 Day-care, Group E or Group I-4 located on a public school campus. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings used as or containing a Group E or Group I-4 day-care.

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    [F] 907.2.4 Group F. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group F occupancies where both of the following conditions exist:

    1. The Group F occupancy is two or more stories in height.
    2. The Group F occupancy has a combined occupant load of 500 or more above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

    Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and the occupant notification appliances will activate throughout the notification zones upon sprinkler water flow.

    [F] 907.2.4.1 Manufacturing involving lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries. A fire alarm system activated by an airsampling-type smoke detection system or a radiant-energy-sensing detection system shall be installed throughout the entire fire area where lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries are manufactured; and where the manufacturer of vehicles, energy storage systems or equipment containing lithium-ion or lithium metal batteries when the batteries are installed as part of the manufacturing process.

    [F] 907.2.5 Group H. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic smoke detection system shall be installed for highly toxic gases, organic peroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 60, 62 and 63, respectively, of the California Fire Code .

    907.2.5.1 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be required on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier and at each exit on the 11th story and above.

  • CBC § 914.3.1.2.1 High relevance — show source text

    914.3.1.2.1 Fire pumps. Redundant fire pump systems shall be required for high-rise buildings having an occupied floor more than 200 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Each fire pump system shall be capable of automatically supplying the required demand for the automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems.

    914.3.2 Secondary water supply. An automatic secondary on-site water supply having a usable capacity not less than the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand, including the hose stream requirement, shall be provided for high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 ft above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F as determined by the California Building Code . An additional fire pump shall not be required for the secondary water supply unless needed to provide the minimum design intake pressure at the suction side of the fire pump supplying the automatic sprinkler system. The secondary water supply shall have a useable capacity of not less than the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand plus 100 GPM for the inside hose stream, allowance for a duration of not less than 30 minutes as determined by the occupancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 13 , whichever is greater. The Class I stand- pipe system demand shall not be required to be included in the secondary on-site water supply calculations. In no case shall the secondary on-site water supply be less than 15,000 gallons.

    914.3.3 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.

    914.3.4 Automatic smoke detection. Smoke detection shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1.

    914.3.5 Emergency voice/alarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarm communication system shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

    914.3.6 Emergency responder communication coverage. In-building, two-way emergency responder communication coverage shall be provided in accordance with Section 510.

    914.3.7 Fire command. A fire command center complying with Section 508 shall be provided in a location approved by the fire department.

    914.3.8 Smoke control.

    914.3.8.1 Smoke control system. All portions of high-rise buildings shall be provided with a smoke control system in accordance with California Building Code, Section 909.

    914.3.8.2 Smokeproof exit enclosures. Every exit enclosure in high-rise buildings shall comply with California Building Code, Sections 909.20 and 1023.12. Every required stairway in Group I-2 occupancies serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1023.12 of the California Building Code.

    Exception: In high-rise buildings, exit enclosures serving three or less adjacent floors where one of the adjacent floors is the level of exit discharge.

    914.4 Atriums. Atriums shall comply with Sections 914.4.1 and 914.4.2.

    914.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire building.

  • CBC § 903.2.5 High relevance — show source text

    903.2.5 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.5.1 through 903.2.5.3.

    903.2.5.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies.

    903.2.5.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H5 occupancies. The design of the automatic sprinkler system shall be not less than that required under the California Building Code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.5.2.

    Where the design area of the automatic sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.

    TABLE 903.2.5.2—GROUP H-5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA Col2
    LOCATION OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
    Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2
    Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2

    903.2.5.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

    903.2.5.4 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. The fire sprinkler system shall be designed and zoned to provide separate indication upon water-flow for each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier on the 11th story and above.

    903.2.6 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

    Exceptions: 1. Those areas exempted by Section 407.6 of the California Building Code. 2. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113 (d), Group I-2 occupancies, or any alterations thereto, located in Type IA construction in existence on March 4, 1972.

    903.2.6.1 Group I-2. An existing, unsprinklered Group I-2, nurses’ station open to fire-resistive exit access corridors shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system located directly above the nurses’ station. It shall be permitted to connect the auto- matic sprinkler system to the domestic water service.

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    FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

    903.2.6.2 Group I-3. Every building, or portion thereof, where inmates or persons are in custody or restrained shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13. The main sprinkler control valve or valves and all other control valves in the system shall be locked in the open position and electrically supervised so that at least an audible and visual alarm will sound at a constantly attended location when valves are closed. The sprinkler branch piping serving cells may be embedded in the concrete construction.

  • CBC § 2506.2 High relevance — show source text

    Vertical and horizontal assemblies

    2504

    Wallboard Table 2506.2, 2508.2, 2508.2.1, 2508.4, 2510.5.2.1 Water-resistant backing board 2506.2, 2509.2

    Habitable Space 1208 Handrails 1014 Alternating tread devices 1011.14 Assembly aisles 1030.16 Construction 1014.5, 1014.6, 1014.7 Extensions 1014.7 Glazing 2407 Graspability 1014.4 Guards 1015.3 Height 1014.2 Loads 1607.9

    Location 1014.1, 1014.8, 1014.9,

    1014.10

    Ramps 1012.8 Stairs 1011.11

    Hardboard 1403.3.2, 2303.1.7 Hardware (see Doors and Locks and Latching) Hardwood

    Fastening 2304.10 Quality 2303.3 Veneer 1403.3.2 Hazardous Materials 307, 414, 415 Compliance with California Fire Code 307.2

    Control areas 414.2

    Explosion control 414.5.1, Table 414.5.1, 415.11.6.5, 426.1.4 Mercantile occupancies 309.2 Reporting 414.1.3 Sprinkler protection Table 414.2.5.1, Table 414.2.5.2, 415.4, 415.11.12,

    903.2.5

    Ventilation 414.3, 415.9.1.7, 415.11.1.6, 415.11.1.8.1, 415.11.3.2, 415.11.6.8, 415.11.7.4, 415.11.8, 415.11.11, 1202.6 Weather protection 414.6.1 Hazardous Occupancy (Group H), (see Hazardous Materials) 307, 414, 415 Alarms and detection 415.11.2, 415.11.4, 415.11.6.9, 415.11.8, 415.3, 415.5, 907.2.5, 908.1, 908.2 Area 503, 505, 506, 507, 508 Dispersing 414.5, 414.6, 415.6 Gas detection systems 415.11.7 Group provisions H-1 (detonation) 307.3, 415.6.2, 415.7, 415.6.4.1, 415.7.1 H-2 (deflagration) 307.4, 415.8, 415.9 H-3 (physical hazard) 415.10, 307.5, 415.8 H-4 (health hazard) 307.6, 415.10 H-5 (semiconductor) 307.7, 415.11 Height 415.7, 415.8.1, 415.9.1.1, 426.1.1, 503, 504, 505, 506 Incidental uses 509

  • CBC § 909.18.7 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 909.18.7 Controls. Each smoke zone equipped with an automatic-initiation device shall be put into operation by the actuation of one such device. Each additional device within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verified throughout the system, including verification of override from the firefighter’s control panel and simulation of standby power conditions.

    [F] 909.18.8 Testing for smoke control. Smoke control systems shall be tested by a special inspector in accordance with Section 1705.19.

    [F] 909.18.8.1 Scope of testing. Testing shall be conducted in accordance with the following:

    1. During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.

    2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion for the purposes of pressure-difference testing, flow measurements, and detection and control verification.

    [F] 909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Approved agencies for smoke control testing shall have expertise in fire protection engineering, mechanical engineering and certification as air balancers.

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    [F] 909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall be prepared by the approved agency. The report shall include identification of all devices by manufacturer, nameplate data, design values, measured values and identification tag or mark. The report shall be reviewed by the responsible registered design professional and, when satisfied that the design intent has been achieved, the responsible registered design professional shall sign, seal and date the report.

    [F] 909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final report shall be filed with the fire code official and an identical copy shall be maintained in an approved location at the building.

    [F] 909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts, drawings and other documents identifying and locating each component of the smoke control system, and describing its proper function and maintenance requirements, shall be maintained on file at the building as an attachment to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall have an approved identifying tag or mark on them consistent with the other required documentation and shall be dated indicating the last time they were successfully tested and by whom.

    An approved operations manual describing the complete operations of the smoke control system and functioning of the firefight- ers smoke control panel shall be maintained at the fire command center.

    [F] 909.19 System acceptance. Buildings, or portions thereof, required by this code to comply with this section shall not be issued a certificate of occupancy until such time that the fire code official determines that the provisions of this section have been fully complied with and that the fire department has received satisfactory instruction on the operation, both automatic and manual, of the system and a written maintenance program complying with the requirements of Section 909.20.1 of the California Fire Code has been submitted and approved by the fire code official.

    Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a temporary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code official, shall be allowed provided that those portions of the building to be occupied meet the requirements of this section and that the remainder does not pose a significant hazard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent buildings.

  • CBC § 907.2.11.9 High relevance — show source text

    907.2.11.9 Existing Group R occupancies. See the California Residential Code for existing Group R-3 occupancies or Chapter 11 of the California Fire Code for all other existing Group R occupancies.

    [F] 907.2.12 Special amusement areas. Fire detection and alarm systems shall be provided in special amusement areas and throughout the exit access to the point of exit discharge in accordance with Section 411.3.

    [F] 907.2.13 High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. High-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be provided with an automatic smoke detection system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1, a fire department communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.2 and an emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2.

    Exceptions:

    1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Sections 412 and 907.2.22.
    2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section 406.5.
    3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordance with Section 303.1.
    4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance with Section 503.1.1.
    5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 in accordance with Section 415.
    6. In Group I-2 and R-2.1 occupancies, the alarm shall sound at a constantly attended location and occupant notification shall be broadcast by the emergency voice/alarm communication system.

    [F] 907.2.13.1 Automatic smoke detection. Automatic smoke detection in high-rise buildings and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access shall be in accordance with Sections 907.2.13.1.1 and 907.2.13.1.2.

    [F] 907.2.13.1.1 Area smoke detection. Area smoke detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section. Smoke detectors shall be connected to an automatic fire alarm system. The activation of any detector required by this section shall activate the emergency voice/alarm communication system in accordance with Section 907.5.2.2. In addition to smoke detectors required by Sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.9, smoke detectors shall be located as follows:

    1. In each mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, telephone equipment or similar room that is not provided with sprinkler protection.
    2. In each elevator machine room, machinery space, control room and control space and in elevator lobbies.

    [F] 907.2.13.1.2 Duct smoke detection. Smoke detectors listed for use in air duct systems shall be provided in accordance with this section and the California Mechanical Code. The activation of any detector required by this section shall initiate a visible and

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    audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. Duct smoke detectors complying with Section 907.3.1 shall be located as follows:

  • CBC § 907.4.2.3 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 907.4.2.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color.

    [F] 907.4.2.4 Signs. Where fire alarm systems are not monitored by an approved supervising station in accordance with Section 907.6.6, an approved permanent sign shall be installed adjacent to each manual fire alarm box that reads: WHEN ALARM SOUNDS CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT.

    Exception: Where the manufacturer has permanently provided this information on the manual fire alarm box.

    [F] 907.4.2.5 Protective covers. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarm box protective covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved. Protective covers shall not project more than that permitted by Section 1003.3.3.

    [F] 907.4.2.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided with ready access, unobstructed, unobscured and visible at all times.

    907.4.2.7 Operation. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be operable with one hand including boxes with protective covers.

    [F] 907.4.3 Automatic smoke detection. Where an automatic smoke detection system is required, it shall utilize smoke detectors unless ambient conditions prohibit such an installation. In spaces where smoke detectors cannot be utilized due to ambient conditions, approved automatic heat detectors shall be permitted.

    [F] 907.4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system. For conditions other than specific fire safety functions noted in Section 907.3, in areas where ambient conditions prohibit the installation of smoke detectors, an automatic sprinkler system installed in such areas in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and that is connected to the fire alarm system shall be approved as automatic heat detection.

    [F] 907.5 Occupant notification. Occupant notification by fire alarms shall be in accordance with Sections 907.5.1 through 907.5.2.5 . Occupant notification by smoke alarms in Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies shall comply with Section 907.5.2.1.3.2.

    [F] 907.5.1 Alarm activation and annunciation. Upon activation, fire alarm systems shall initiate occupant notification and shall annunciate at the fire alarm control unit, or where allowed elsewhere by Section 907, at a constantly attended location.

    [F] 907.5.1.1 Presignal feature. A presignal feature shall be provided only where approved. The presignal shall be annunciated at an approved, constantly attended location, having the capability to activate the occupant notification system in the event of fire or other emergency.

    Exception: A presignal feature shall not be permitted to be installed in a Group I-2 or R-2.1 occupancy.

    [F] 907.5.2 Alarm notification appliances. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose.

  • CBC § 907.2.29 High relevance — show source text

    907.2.29 Public school state funded construction projects for kindergarten through 12th grade - automatic fire alarm system requirements.

    907.2.29.1 Alterations to existing buildings on an existing public school campus. An automatic fire alarm system shall be provided for all portions within the scope of an alteration project. The provisions of this section shall apply to any public school project on an existing campus and receiving state funds pursuant to Leroy F. Green, School Facilities Act of 1998, California Educa- tion Code Sections 17070.10 through 17079. For purposes of this section, an existing campus refers to a school site, where an application for construction of original buildings was made to DSA prior to July 1, 2002.

    Exceptions: 1. A manual fire alarm system may be provided for a construction project that has an estimated total cost of less than $200,000.

    2. A manual fire alarm system may be provided for a relocatable building that is sited with the intent that it be at the site for less than three years and is sited upon a temporary foundation in a manner that is designed to permit easy removal. See California Administrative Code, Section 4-314 for definition of relocatable building. 3. A fire alarm system is not required for detached buildings designed and used for non-instructional purposes that meet the applicable requirements for that occupancy. Buildings would include, but not be limited to:

    Concession Stand

    Press Box

    Restroom Facilities

    Shade Structure

    Snack Bar

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    Storage Building Ticket Booth

    [F] 907.3 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire detectors utilized for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be connected to the building’s fire alarm control unit where a fire alarm system is installed . Detectors shall, upon actuation, perform the intended function and activate the alarm notification appliances or activate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. In buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system, the automatic fire detector shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actuation, perform the intended function. The detectors shall be located in accordance with NFPA 72.

    [F] 907.3.1 Duct smoke detectors. Smoke detectors installed in ducts shall be listed for the air velocity, temperature and humidity present in the duct. Duct smoke detectors shall be connected to the building’s fire alarm control unit where a fire alarm system is required by Section 907.2. Activation of a duct smoke detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location and shall perform the intended fire safety function in accordance with this code and the California Mechanical Code. In facilities that are required to be monitored by a supervising station, duct smoke detectors shall report only as a supervisory signal and not as a fire alarm. They shall not be used as a substitute for required open area detection.

    Exceptions:

  • CBC § 903.2.5.2 High relevance — show source text

    [F] 903.2.5.2 Group H-5 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containing Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the automatic sprinkler system shall be not less than that required by this code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.5.2.

    Where the design area of the automatic sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by one row of sprinklers, the maximum number of sprinklers required to be calculated is 13.

    [F] TABLE 903.2.5.2—GROUP H-5 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA Col2
    LOCATION OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
    Fabrication areas Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Service corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms without dispensing Ordinary Hazard Group 2
    Storage rooms with dispensing Extra Hazard Group 2
    Corridors Ordinary Hazard Group 2

    [F] 903.2.5.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions thereof, where cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are manufactured, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg).

    903.2.5.4 Group H occupancies located on the 11th story and above. The fire sprinkler system shall be designed and zoned to provide separate indication upon water-flow for each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier on the 11th story and above.

    [F] 903.2.6 Group I. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings with a Group I fire area.

    Exceptions: 1. Those areas exempted by Section 407.6 of the California Building Code. 2. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 13113(d), Group I-2 occupancies, or any alterations thereto, located in Type IA construction in existence on March 4, 1972.

    903.2.6.1 Group I-2. In an existing, unsprinklered Group I-2, nurse station open to fire-resistive exit access corridors shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system located directly above the nurse station. It shall be permitted to connect the auto- matic sprinkler system to the domestic water service.

    903.2.6.2 Group I-3. Every building, or portion thereof, where inmates or persons are in custody or restrained shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13. The main sprinkler control valve or valves and all other control valves in the system shall be locked in the open position and electrically supervised so that at least an audible and visual alarm will sound at a constantly attended location when valves are closed. The sprinkler branch piping serving cells may be embedded in the concrete construction.

Frequently asked questions

Do Group H occupancies always need sprinklers?

Yes. CBC §415.4 requires Group H occupancies to be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system; the CFC §903.2.5 provides the occupancy‑specific design and hazard classification details that govern how the system is designed and zoned file.

Are automatic smoke detectors ever sufficient instead of sprinklers?

No — §415.4 requires sprinklers throughout Group H. §415.3 requires automatic detection per §907.2 as an additional/complimentary system; the two systems serve different functions and the CBC does not permit substituting detection for sprinklers in Group H occupancies file.

Where must manual alarm‑initiating devices be placed for storage of hazardous materials?

For storage of hazardous materials, §415.5.1 requires approved manual emergency alarm systems with initiating devices installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of the storage buildings, rooms or areas; activation shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants .

How often must devices be installed along a route that transports highly hazardous materials?

If hazardous materials with a NFPA 704 ranking of 3 or 4 are transported through corridors, interior exit stairways/ramps or exit passageways, §415.5.2 requires an emergency telephone system, local manual alarm station or approved alarm‑initiating device at not more than 150 ft intervals and at each exit/exit‑access doorway along the route .

Do the alarm systems required by §415 need remote monitoring?

Yes. §415.5.3 requires that emergency alarm systems (those required by §415.5.1 or §415.5.2) be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved central, proprietary or remote station service OR must initiate audible and visual signals at a constantly attended on‑site location .

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