CBC · California Building Code
Ventilation, process controls and hazardous-material systems design
If hazardous materials could release vapors, fumes or dusts in a room, the CBC requires mechanical ventilation and that process systems be designed to prevent unintended releases; automatic controls must be fail‑safe. For rooms storing Class I–IIIA liquids the CBC explicitly requires mechanical ventilation per the California Mechanical and Fire Codes and coordination with those codes provides the numeric rates and detailed installation, makeup‑air, alarm and power requirements.
Last reviewed: July 5, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The California Building Code requires mechanical ventilation for rooms, areas and spaces where explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are—or could be—emitted as a result of processing, use, handling or storage (see § 414.3). Systems that handle hazardous materials must be designed for the intended application with controls that prevent unintended releases or flows and automatic controls that are fail‑safe where provided (see § 414.4). For storage tank areas containing Class I, II or IIIA liquids the code explicitly requires mechanical room ventilation in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code (see § 415.9.1.7).
Requirements in detail
When mechanical ventilation is required
- The CBC places the obligation on designers/owners to provide mechanical ventilation for any room/area where hazardous emissions are generated or have the potential to be generated — but the precise situations and rates are determined by the CBC in coordination with the California Fire Code (CFC) and the California Mechanical Code (CMC). The CBC language is performance-based: mechanical ventilation is required where this Code, the CFC or the CMC require it (§ 414.3). Emissions produced at workstations must be confined to the area where they are generated.
Controls, fail‑safe design and system suitability
- Systems involving hazardous materials shall be suitable for their intended application and have controls designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving processes except at intended times, rates or paths. Where automatic controls are provided they must be designed to be fail‑safe (§ 414.4). This is a design performance requirement—“suitable” and “fail‑safe” must be demonstrated by the design documents and verified by the enforcing agency.
Storage-tank-room / flammable‑liquid ventilation (Group H)
- Storage tank areas for Class I, II or IIIA liquids must be provided with mechanical ventilation; the ventilation system must comply with the CMC and the CFC (§ 415.9.1.7). Additional tank-room requirements (leakage containment, leakage alarm and vent termination outdoors) are set nearby in § 415.9.1.4–.6 and must be coordinated with ventilation and fire protection design.
Key decision‑relevant dimensions / values (summary table)
| Decision dimension / design item | Requirement (what to provide) | Code reference |
|---|---|---|
| Trigger to provide ventilation | Mechanical ventilation where hazardous dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or could be emitted — follow CBC plus CFC/CMC to determine applicability | § 414.3 |
| Storage-tank-room ventilation | Mechanical ventilation required for rooms storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids; ventilations must meet CMC and CFC requirements | § 415.9.1.7 |
| Minimum continuous ventilation rate for open-use rooms (CFC) | Continuous mechanical ventilation not less than 1 cfm per ft² of floor area over the design area (CFC requirement for certain rooms where flammable/combustible liquids are used in open systems) — use CFC/CMC sizing for final design | CFC § 5705.3.7.5.1 |
| Makeup air & flow pattern | Exhaust and inlet openings must be located to provide air movement across all portions of the floor/room to avoid vapor accumulation; makeup air must include all areas or pits where vapors accumulate | CFC ventilation design requirements |
| Recirculation prohibition | Exhaust air contaminated with explosive/flammable vapors, highly toxic gases or other hazardous contaminants shall not be recirculated to occupied areas unless contaminants have been removed | CFC ventilation requirements |
| Controls design | Process/hazardous‑material systems must be suitable for intended use; controls must prevent unintended flows/releases; automatic controls must be fail‑safe | § 414.4 |
| Leakage alarm for tank rooms | Approved automatic audible alarm supervised per Chapter 9; alarm must sound 15 dBA above ambient at every point of entry and post warning signs | § 415.9.1.5 |
| Tank vent termination | Storage tank vents must terminate to outdoor air in accordance with the CFC | § 415.9.1.6 |
| Emergency/standby power (when required) | Where required by CBC or CFC, mechanical ventilation and related systems must have emergency/standby power per CBC § 2702; exemptions and fail‑safe engineered alternatives are provided in § 414.5.2 | § 414.5.2 |
(Notes: the CBC delegates numeric rates and detailed duct/accessory requirements to the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code; use those referenced codes for final sizing, fan location, filtration/treatment and protection against ignition.)
Exceptions & special cases
- The CBC statements are performance‑based and frequently defer to the CFC/CMC for specifics. For example, § 414.3 ties ventilation requirements to situations the CBC, CFC or CMC specify — so if the Fire/Mechanical Code do not require mechanical ventilation for a specific material/use, § 414.3 alone does not impose a separate numeric requirement.
- Rooms that use only double‑wall storage tanks conforming to construction requirements may be exempt from a leakage containment area (exception in § 415.9.1.4) — but such rooms still require ventilation and other protections where required.
- Emergency/standby power for ventilation is required where CBC/CFC say so; § 414.5.2 also provides listed exemptions and permits fail‑safe engineered systems in lieu of standby power. Always verify whether your scenario meets an exemption.
Common mistakes
- Treating § 414.3 as a standalone numeric ventilation standard (it is not): it triggers the requirement but the CMC/CFC provide the rates and installation requirements. Designers must consult the referenced codes for numbers.
- Recirculating exhaust air from tank rooms or exhausted enclosures into occupied spaces without treatment — the CFC prohibits recirculation of air contaminated with hazardous vapors unless contaminants are removed.
- Omitting fail‑safe behavior for automatic controls (CBC requires automatic controls to be fail‑safe where provided under § 414.4). Tests and drawings must show fail‑safe modes.
- Forgetting leakage alarms, supervised signals and signage for tank rooms (see § 415.9.1.5). A leakage alarm must be supervised to transmit trouble signals and provide the required audibility.
- Failing to design makeup-air and inlet/exhaust placement to move air across the floor so vapors cannot accumulate (CFC design requirement).
Worked example — concrete scenario applying the rule with numbers
Scenario: A 1,000 ft² storage/mixing room will be used for open dispensing and short‑term mixing of Class II flammable liquids (Group H use). What ventilation and controls are required?
Applicability: Because the room stores/uses flammable liquids and could emit vapors, CBC § 414.3 requires mechanical ventilation where required by the CBC/CFC/CMC; CBC § 415.9.1.7 explicitly requires mechanical ventilation for storage tank areas of Class I/II/IIIA liquids and references the CMC and CFC for design.
Rate: The California Fire Code provides a continuous mechanical ventilation rate for rooms used for dispensing/mixing in open systems of not less than 1 cfm per ft² of floor area over the design area (CFC § 5705.3.7.5.1). For a 1,000 ft² room that is 1 cfm/ft² = 1,000 cfm continuous exhaust. (Use this as the baseline; local fire code/authority may require additional local adjustments/spot ventilation.)
Makeup air and layout: Design makeup air so all floor areas and any pits receive replacement air; place inlet(s) opposite exhaust(s) to promote flow across the floor and avoid dead zones where vapors can collect (CFC ventilation design guidance).
Recirculation and treatment: Do not recirculate exhaust to occupied areas unless contaminants are removed to an acceptable level (CFC requirement). Consider dedicated treated discharge or release to outdoors in a safe location per CFC/CMC.
Controls & alarms: Provide process controls that prevent unintended transfer of liquid/vapor and design automatic controls to be fail‑safe per § 414.4. Add a supervised leakage alarm and signage per § 415.9.1.5 if storage tanks are present.
Emergency power: Confirm whether standby power is required by CBC § 2702/CBC § 414.5.2 or by the CFC for the ventilation/fan/electrical systems; if required, provide standby power or an approved fail‑safe engineered alternative.
Related provisions
- § 414.3 — Ventilation trigger and confinement of emissions; see CBC § 414.3.
- § 414.4 — Hazardous-material system suitability and fail‑safe control requirement; see CBC § 414.4.
- § 415.9.1.4 — Leakage containment requirements for storage tanks (and exception for double‑wall tanks).
- § 415.9.1.5 — Leakage alarm requirements for tank rooms (audibility, supervision, signage).
- § 415.9.1.6 — Tank vent termination outdoors (coordinate with CFC).
- § 414.5.2 — Emergency/standby power for mechanical ventilation where required and exemptions/allowances for fail‑safe engineered alternatives.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Building Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CBC § 5004.2. High relevance — show source text
- Through an approved closed piping system.
- From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the container or tank.
- From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valve where the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2. Highly toxic liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks.
- Approved engineered liquid transfer systems.
Exceptions:
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 where dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 where dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons (20 L).
5005.1.11 Design. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving the process or reaction system at other than the intended time, rate or path. Where failure of an automatic control could result in a dangerous condition or reaction, the automatic control shall be fail-safe.
5005.1.12 Emergency isolation. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of Health Class 3 or 4, Flammability Class 4 or Instability Class 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa), an approved means of leak detection and emergency shutoff or excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.
Exceptions:
- Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
- Piping for pressure relief devices.
5005.2 Indoor dispensing and use. Indoor dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in buildings complying with the Cali- fornia Building Code and in accordance with Section 5005.1 and Sections 5005.2.1 through 5005.2.2.4.
5005.2.1 Open systems. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials in open containers or systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.2.1.1 through 5005.2.1.4.
5005.2.1.1 Ventilation. Where gases, liquids or solids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to capture gases, fumes, mists or vapors at the point of generation.
Exception: Gases, liquids or solids that can be demonstrated not to create harmful gases, fumes, mists or vapors.
5005.2.1.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.6 where an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
5005.2.1.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed into vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.
CBC § 903.2.5 High relevance — show source text
903.2.5
Ventilation 414.3, 415.9.1.7, 415.11.1.6, 415.11.1.8.1, 415.11.3.2, 415.11.6.8, 415.11.7.4, 415.11.8, 415.11.11, 1202.6 Weather protection 414.6.1 Hazardous Occupancy (Group H), (see Hazardous Materials) 307, 414, 415 Alarms and detection 415.11.2, 415.11.4, 415.11.6.9, 415.11.8, 415.3, 415.5, 907.2.5, 908.1, 908.2 Area 503, 505, 506, 507, 508 Dispersing 414.5, 414.6, 415.6 Gas detection systems 415.11.7 Group provisions H-1 (detonation) 307.3, 415.6.2, 415.7, 415.6.4.1, 415.7.1 H-2 (deflagration) 307.4, 415.8, 415.9 H-3 (physical hazard) 415.10, 307.5, 415.8 H-4 (health hazard) 307.6, 415.10 H-5 (semiconductor) 307.7, 415.11 Height 415.7, 415.8.1, 415.9.1.1, 426.1.1, 503, 504, 505, 506 Incidental uses 509
Interior finishes 416.2.1, 416.3.1, Table 803.13, 804 Live load Table 1607.1
Location on property 414.6.1.2, 415.6 Low hazard 306.3, 311.3 Means of egress Corridors 415.11.2 One means of egress Table 1006.3.4(1), Table 1006.3.4(2) Panic hardware 1006.2.2.2, 1006.2.2.3, 1006.2.2.4, 1010.2.8 Stairway, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1006.3, 1006.2.1, Table 1017.2
Mixed occupancies 508.3, 508.4 Accessory 508.2 Moderate hazard 306.2, 311.2 Multiple hazards 306.2, 311.2 Occupancy exceptions 307.1 Plumbing fixtures Chapter 29 Risk category Table 1604.5 Separation from other occupancies 415.6.1, 508.1, 508.2.4, 508.3.3, 508.4 Smoke and heat removal 910.2 Special provisions based on materials Combustible liquids Table 307.1(1), 307.4, 307.5, 414.2.5, 414.5.3,
415.9.2
Corrosives 307.6, Table 414.2.5.1, 414.3, 415.10.3, Table 415.11.1.1 Explosives 307.3, 307.3.1, Table 415.6.5
CBC § 2506.2 High relevance — show source text
Vertical and horizontal assemblies
2504
Wallboard Table 2506.2, 2508.2, 2508.2.1, 2508.4, 2510.5.2.1 Water-resistant backing board 2506.2, 2509.2
Habitable Space 1208 Handrails 1014 Alternating tread devices 1011.14 Assembly aisles 1030.16 Construction 1014.5, 1014.6, 1014.7 Extensions 1014.7 Glazing 2407 Graspability 1014.4 Guards 1015.3 Height 1014.2 Loads 1607.9
Location 1014.1, 1014.8, 1014.9,
1014.10
Ramps 1012.8 Stairs 1011.11
Hardboard 1403.3.2, 2303.1.7 Hardware (see Doors and Locks and Latching) Hardwood
Fastening 2304.10 Quality 2303.3 Veneer 1403.3.2 Hazardous Materials 307, 414, 415 Compliance with California Fire Code 307.2
Control areas 414.2
Explosion control 414.5.1, Table 414.5.1, 415.11.6.5, 426.1.4 Mercantile occupancies 309.2 Reporting 414.1.3 Sprinkler protection Table 414.2.5.1, Table 414.2.5.2, 415.4, 415.11.12,
903.2.5
Ventilation 414.3, 415.9.1.7, 415.11.1.6, 415.11.1.8.1, 415.11.3.2, 415.11.6.8, 415.11.7.4, 415.11.8, 415.11.11, 1202.6 Weather protection 414.6.1 Hazardous Occupancy (Group H), (see Hazardous Materials) 307, 414, 415 Alarms and detection 415.11.2, 415.11.4, 415.11.6.9, 415.11.8, 415.3, 415.5, 907.2.5, 908.1, 908.2 Area 503, 505, 506, 507, 508 Dispersing 414.5, 414.6, 415.6 Gas detection systems 415.11.7 Group provisions H-1 (detonation) 307.3, 415.6.2, 415.7, 415.6.4.1, 415.7.1 H-2 (deflagration) 307.4, 415.8, 415.9 H-3 (physical hazard) 415.10, 307.5, 415.8 H-4 (health hazard) 307.6, 415.10 H-5 (semiconductor) 307.7, 415.11 Height 415.7, 415.8.1, 415.9.1.1, 426.1.1, 503, 504, 505, 506 Incidental uses 509
CBC § 3.9 High relevance — show source text
Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier.
b. The building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a minimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2 in the area
where flammable gases are stored or displayed.
c. Where storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities area is allowed to be increased by 2 percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess
of 50,000 square feet, up to not more than 100 percent of the table amounts. Separation of control areas is not required. The aggregate amount shall not exceed 80,000 pounds.
d._ Low Burning Velocity_(Low BV) Category 1B flammable gas has a burning velocity of 3.9 in/s or less.|[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or have the potential to be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by this code, the California Fire Code or the California Mechanical Code .
Emissions generated at workstations shall be confined to the area in which they are generated as specified in the California Fire Code and the California Mechanical Code .
[F] 414.4 Hazardous material systems. Systems involving hazardous materials shall be suitable for the intended application. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or reaction systems at other than the intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls, where provided, shall be designed to be fail safe.
[F] 414.5 Inside storage, dispensing , handling and use. The inside storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 414.5.1 through 414.5.3 of this code and the California Fire Code .
[F] 414.5.1 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the California Fire Code as required by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 307.1(1) or where a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by Section 415 or the California Fire Code .
[F] TABLE 414.5.1—EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSa, h Col2 Col3 Col4 MATERIAL CLASS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS MATERIAL CLASS Barricade construction Explosion (deflagration) venting or
explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsbHAZARD CATEGORY Combustible dustsc — Not Required Required Cryogenic flammables — Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.1 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1.2 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1.3 Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.4j Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.5 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1. CBC § 5004.4 High relevance — show source text
room.
- The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
- Exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas if the materials stored are capable of emitting hazardous vapors and contaminants have not been removed. Air contaminated with explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts; flammable, highly toxic or toxic gases; or radioactive materials shall not be recirculated.
5004.4 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated in accordance with Section 5003.9.8.
5004.5 Automatic sprinkler systems. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The design of the sprinkler system shall be not less than that required for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m [2] ). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
5004.6 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas and buildings shall be provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 911.
5004.7 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required, such systems shall be provided with an emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 1203.
For storage areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2.
5004.7.1 Exempt applications. Standby or emergency power is not required for mechanical ventilation systems for any of the following:
- Storage of Class IB and IC flammable liquids and Class II and III combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding a capacity of 6 [1] / 2 gallons (25 L).
- Storage of Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
- Storage of Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
- Storage of asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
5004.7.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
5004.8 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5004.8.1 and 5004.8.2.
5004.8.1 Temperature control. Materials that must be kept at temperatures other than normal ambient temperatures to prevent a hazardous reaction shall be provided with an approved means to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Redundant temperature control equipment that will operate on failure of the primary temperature control system shall be provided. Where approved, alternative means that prevent a hazardous reaction are allowed.
5004.8.2 Pressure control. Stationary tanks and equipment containing hazardous material liquids that can generate pressures exceeding design limits because of exposure fires or internal reaction shall have some form of construction or other approved means that will relieve excessive internal pressure. The means of pressure relief shall vent to an approved location or to an exhaust scrubber or treatment system where required by Chapter 60.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
CBC § 5001.3.3 High relevance — show source text
5001.3.3 Performance requirements. Where safeguards, systems, documentation, written plans or procedures, audits, process hazards analysis, mitigation measures, engineering controls or construction features are required by Sections 5001.3.3.1 through 5001.3.3.18, the details of the design alternative shall be subject to approval by the fire code official. The details of actions granting the use of the design alternatives shall be recorded and entered in the files of the jurisdiction.
5001.3.3.1 Properties of hazardous materials. The physical- and health-hazard properties of hazardous materials on-site shall be known and shall be made readily available to employees, neighbors and the fire code official.
5001.3.3.2 Reliability of equipment and operations. Equipment and operations involving hazardous materials shall be designed, installed and maintained to ensure that they reliably operate as intended.
5001.3.3.3 Prevention of unintentional reaction or release. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of an unintentional reaction or release that could endanger people or property.
5001.3.3.4 Spill mitigation. Spill containment systems or means to render a spill harmless to people or property shall be provided where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people or property.
5001.3.3.5 Ignition hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing combustible hazardous materials to unintended sources of ignition.
5001.3.3.6 Protection of hazardous materials. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of exposing hazardous materials to a fire or physical damage whereby such exposure could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.
5001.3.3.7 Exposure hazards. Safeguards shall be provided to minimize the risk of and limit damage from a fire or explosion involving explosive hazardous materials whereby such fire or explosion could endanger or lead to the endangerment of people or property.
5001.3.3.8 Detection of gas or vapor release. Where a release of hazardous materials gas or vapor would cause immediate harm to persons or property, means of mitigating the dangerous effects of a release shall be provided.
5001.3.3.9 Reliable power source. Where a power supply is relied on to prevent or control an emergency condition that could endanger people or property, the power supply shall be from a reliable source.
5001.3.3.10 Ventilation. Where ventilation is necessary to limit the risk of creating an emergency condition resulting from normal or abnormal operations, means of ventilation shall be provided.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
5001.3.3.11 Process hazard analyses. Process hazard analyses shall be conducted to ensure reasonably the protection of people and property from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials.
5001.3.3.12 Prestartup safety review. Written documentation of prestartup safety review procedures shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are initiated in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
5001.3.3.13 Operating and emergency procedures. Written documentation of operating procedures and procedures for emergency shutdown shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are conducted in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
CBC § 5005.2.2 High relevance — show source text
LIQUIDS USE**|OUTDOOR LIQUIDS USE|OUTDOOR LIQUIDS USE| |Flammable solids|Flammable solids|Not Applicable|Not Applicable| |Organic peroxides|Unclassified Detonable|Required|Required| |Organic peroxides|Class I|Required|Required| |Organic peroxides|Class II|Class II|Class II| |Organic peroxides|Class III|Class III|Class III| |Organic peroxides|Class IV|Class IV|Class IV| |Organic peroxides|Class V|Not Required|Not Required| |Oxidizers|Class 4|Required|Required| |Oxidizers|Class 3|Class 3|Class 3| |Oxidizers|Class 2|Class 2|Class 2| |Oxidizers|Class 1|Class 1|Class 1| |Pyrophorics|Pyrophorics|Required|Required| |Unstable (reactives)|Class 4|Required|Required| |Unstable (reactives)|Class 3|Class 3|Class 3| |Unstable (reactives)|Class 2|Class 2|Class 2| |Unstable (reactives)|Class 1|Not Required|Required| |Water reactives|Class 3|Required|Required| |Water reactives|Class 2|Class 2|Class 2| |Water reactives|Class 1|Not Required|Required| |2. Health-hazard materials|2. Health-hazard materials|2. Health-hazard materials|2. Health-hazard materials| |Corrosives|Corrosives|Required|Required| |Highly toxics|Highly toxics|Highly toxics|Highly toxics| |Toxics|Toxics|Toxics|Toxics|
5005.2.2 Closed systems. Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.2.2.1 through 5005.2.2.4.
5005.2.2.1 Ventilation. Where closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1.
5005.2.2.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.6 where an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
Exception: Where process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions based on the most likely failure.
5005.2.2.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.
5005.2.2.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
- Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
- Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).
CBC § 5005.1.6 High relevance — show source text
5005.1.6 Supervision and monitoring. Manual alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of Section 5005 shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved supervisory service or, where approved, shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
5005.1.7 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial means shall be provided.
5005.1.8 Fire protection systems. Indoor rooms or areas in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinkler system design shall be not less than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m [2] ). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
5005.1.9 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 5004.3.
Exception: Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of flammable solids other than finely divided particles.
5005.1.10 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be transferred by one of the following methods:
- From safety cans complying with UL 30.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
- Through an approved closed piping system.
- From containers or tanks by an approved pump taking suction through an opening in the top of the container or tank.
- From containers or tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing or automatic-closing valve where the container or tank and dispensing operations are provided with spill control and secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2. Highly toxic liquids shall not be dispensed by gravity from tanks.
- Approved engineered liquid transfer systems.
Exceptions:
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 4 where dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons (5 L).
- Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 where dispensed from approved containers not exceeding 5.3 gallons (20 L).
5005.1.11 Design. Systems shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be designed by persons competent in such design. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving the process or reaction system at other than the intended time, rate or path. Where failure of an automatic control could result in a dangerous condition or reaction, the automatic control shall be fail-safe.
5005.1.12 Emergency isolation. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of Health Class 3 or 4, Flammability Class 4 or Instability Class 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa), an approved means of leak detection and emergency shutoff or excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.
CBC § 5005.2.2 Medium relevance — show source text
5005.2.2 Closed systems. Use of hazardous materials in closed containers or systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.2.2.1 through 5005.2.2.4.
5005.2.2.1 Ventilation. Where closed systems are designed to be opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 5005.2.1.1.
5005.2.2.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.6 where an explosive environment exists because of the hazardous materials dispensed or used, or as a result of the dispensing or use process.
Exception: Where process vessels are designed to contain fully the worst-case explosion anticipated within the vessel under process conditions based on the most likely failure.
5005.2.2.3 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in individual vessels exceeding a 55-gallon (208 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.
5005.2.2.4 Secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by Table 5005.2.1.4, buildings, rooms or areas where hazardous material liquids are used in vessels or systems shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with Section 5004.2.2 where the capacity of an individual vessel or system or the capacity of multiple vessels or systems exceeds the following:
- Individual vessel or system: greater than 55 gallons (208 L).
- Multiple vessels or systems: greater than 1,000 gallons (3785 L).
5005.3 Outdoor dispensing and use. Dispensing and use of hazardous materials outdoors shall be in accordance with Sections 5005.3.1 through 5005.3.9.
5005.3.1 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 5005.1 and 5005.3.
5005.3.2 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Outdoor dispensing or use of hazardous materials, in either closed or open containers or systems, in amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tables 5003.1.1(3) and 5003.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001 and 5003.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
5005.3.3 Outdoor location. Outdoor dispensing and use areas for hazardous materials shall be located as required by Section 5003.12 except where material-specific requirements, including requirements in referenced standards, are provided in other chapters of this code.
5005.3.4 Spill control for hazardous material liquids in open systems. Outdoor areas where hazardous material liquids are dispensed in vessels exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or used in open systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity shall be provided with spill control in accordance with Section 5004.2.1.
CBC § 4-1 Medium relevance — show source text
CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1
401 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
402 Covered Mall and Open Mall Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
403 High-Rise Buildings and Group I-2 Occupancies Having Occupied Floors Located More Than 75 Feet above the Lowest Level of
Fire Department Vehicle Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
404 Atriums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
405 Underground Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
406 Motor-Vehicle-Related Occupancies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
407 Group I-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
408 Group I-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
409 Motion Picture Projection Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
410 Stages, Platforms and Technical Production Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
411 Special Amusement Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32
412 Aircraft-Related Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
413 Combustible Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37
414 Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37
415 Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
416 Spray Application of Flammable Finishes . . . . . . . . 4-51
417 Drying Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
418 Organic Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
419 Artificial Decorative Vegetation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
CBC § 909.18.7 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 909.18.7 Controls. Each smoke zone equipped with an automatic-initiation device shall be put into operation by the actuation of one such device. Each additional device within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verified throughout the system, including verification of override from the firefighter’s control panel and simulation of standby power conditions.
[F] 909.18.8 Testing for smoke control. Smoke control systems shall be tested by a special inspector in accordance with Section 1705.19.
[F] 909.18.8.1 Scope of testing. Testing shall be conducted in accordance with the following:
During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.
Prior to occupancy and after sufficient completion for the purposes of pressure-difference testing, flow measurements, and detection and control verification.
[F] 909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Approved agencies for smoke control testing shall have expertise in fire protection engineering, mechanical engineering and certification as air balancers.
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[F] 909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall be prepared by the approved agency. The report shall include identification of all devices by manufacturer, nameplate data, design values, measured values and identification tag or mark. The report shall be reviewed by the responsible registered design professional and, when satisfied that the design intent has been achieved, the responsible registered design professional shall sign, seal and date the report.
[F] 909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final report shall be filed with the fire code official and an identical copy shall be maintained in an approved location at the building.
[F] 909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts, drawings and other documents identifying and locating each component of the smoke control system, and describing its proper function and maintenance requirements, shall be maintained on file at the building as an attachment to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall have an approved identifying tag or mark on them consistent with the other required documentation and shall be dated indicating the last time they were successfully tested and by whom.
An approved operations manual describing the complete operations of the smoke control system and functioning of the firefight- ers smoke control panel shall be maintained at the fire command center.
[F] 909.19 System acceptance. Buildings, or portions thereof, required by this code to comply with this section shall not be issued a certificate of occupancy until such time that the fire code official determines that the provisions of this section have been fully complied with and that the fire department has received satisfactory instruction on the operation, both automatic and manual, of the system and a written maintenance program complying with the requirements of Section 909.20.1 of the California Fire Code has been submitted and approved by the fire code official.
Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a temporary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code official, shall be allowed provided that those portions of the building to be occupied meet the requirements of this section and that the remainder does not pose a significant hazard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent buildings.
CBC § 909.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text
where:
A = Total leakage area, square feet (m [2] ). A F = Unit floor or roof area of barrier, square feet (m [2] ). A w = Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m [2] ).
The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings due to gaps around doors and operable windows. The total leakage area of the smoke barrier shall be determined in accordance with Section 909.5.1 and tested in accordance with Section 909.5.2.
909.5.1 Total leakage area. Total leakage area of the barrier is the product of the smoke barrier gross area multiplied by the allowable leakage area ratio, plus the area of other openings such as gaps around doors and operable windows.
909.5.2 Testing of leakage area. Compliance with the maximum total leakage area shall be determined by achieving the minimum air pressure difference across the barrier with the system in the smoke control mode for mechanical smoke control systems utilizing the pressurization method. Compliance with the maximum total leakage area of passive smoke control systems shall be verified through methods such as door fan testing or other methods, as approved by the fire code official.
909.5.3 Opening protection. Openings in smoke barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the required controls for the mechanical smoke control system. Door openings shall be protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section 716 of the California Building Code .
Exceptions:
- Passive smoke control systems with automatic-closing devices actuated by spot-type smoke detectors listed for releasing service installed in accordance with Section 907.3. When used in a Group I-2, such detectors shall activate the fire alarm system and shall close all the smoke barrier doors within the effected zone.
- Fixed openings between smoke zones that are protected utilizing the airflow method in other than Group I-2.
- In Group I-2, R-2.1 and ambulatory care facilities, where a pair of opposite-swinging doors are installed across a corridor in accordance with Section 909.5.3.1, the doors shall not be required to be protected in accordance with Section 716 of
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FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
the California Building Code . The doors shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances and shall not have a center mullion. Positive-latching devices are required. Doors installed across corridors shall comply with Section 1010.1.1. 4. In Group I-2, R-2.1 and ambulatory care facilities, where such doors are special-purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding door assemblies installed in accordance with Section 1010.3.3 and are automatic closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.2.6.6 of the California Building Code they shall be protected in accordance with Section 716 of the California Building Code. Doors installed across corridors shall comply with Section 1010.1.1.
- Group I-3.
- Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and bank-down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as determined by the design fire size. 7. In Group I-2, smoke damper activation may be accomplished by a fire alarm control unit provided that an open area smoke detection system is provided within all areas served by an HVAC system.
CBC § 5003.8.5 Medium relevance — show source text
5003.8.5 Exhausted enclosures. Where an exhausted enclosure is used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or where the location of hazardous materials in exhausted enclosures is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 60, the exhausted enclosure shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.8.5.1 through 5003.8.5.3.
5003.8.5.1 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall be of noncombustible construction.
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5003.8.5.2 Ventilation. Exhausted enclosures shall be provided with an exhaust ventilation system. The ventilation system for exhausted enclosures shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Items 1, 2 and 3 of Section 6004.1.3. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code .
5003.8.5.3 Fire-extinguishing system. Exhausted enclosures where flammable materials are used shall be protected by an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9.
5003.8.6 Gas cabinets. Where a gas cabinet is used to increase the maximum allowable quantity per control area or where the location of compressed gases in gas cabinets is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 60, the gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.8.6.1 through 5003.8.6.3.
5003.8.6.1 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed with the following:
- Not less than 0.097-inch (2.5 mm) (No. 12 gage) steel.
- Self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible windows to give access to equipment controls.
- Self-closing doors.
- Interiors treated, coated or constructed of materials that are compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet.
5003.8.6.2 Ventilation. Gas cabinets shall be provided with an exhaust ventilation system. The ventilation system for gas cabinets shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure in relation to the surrounding area. Ventilation systems used for highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Items 1, 2 and 3 of Section 6004.1.2. The ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the California Mechanical Code .
5003.8.6.3 Maximum number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders contained in a single gas cabinet shall not exceed three.
5003.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Where storage cabinets are used to increase maximum allowable quantity per control area or to comply with this chapter, such cabinets shall be in accordance with Sections 5003.8.7.1 through 5003.8.7.4.
5003.8.7.1 Construction. The interior of cabinets shall be treated, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous material stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entire interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall either be listed in accordance with UL 1275 as suitable for the intended storage or constructed in accordance with the following: 1.
CBC § 5001.3.3.8 Medium relevance — show source text
5001.3.3.8 Detection of gas or vapor release. Where a release of hazardous materials gas or vapor would cause immediate harm to persons or property, means of mitigating the dangerous effects of a release shall be provided.
5001.3.3.9 Reliable power source. Where a power supply is relied on to prevent or control an emergency condition that could endanger people or property, the power supply shall be from a reliable source.
5001.3.3.10 Ventilation. Where ventilation is necessary to limit the risk of creating an emergency condition resulting from normal or abnormal operations, means of ventilation shall be provided.
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5001.3.3.11 Process hazard analyses. Process hazard analyses shall be conducted to ensure reasonably the protection of people and property from dangerous conditions involving hazardous materials.
5001.3.3.12 Prestartup safety review. Written documentation of prestartup safety review procedures shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are initiated in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
5001.3.3.13 Operating and emergency procedures. Written documentation of operating procedures and procedures for emergency shutdown shall be developed and enforced to ensure that operations are conducted in a safe manner. The process of developing and updating such procedures shall involve the participation of affected employees.
5001.3.3.14 Management of change. A written plan for management of change shall be developed and enforced. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.
5001.3.3.15 Emergency plan. A written emergency plan shall be developed to ensure that proper actions are taken in the event of an emergency, and the plan shall be followed if an emergency condition occurs. The process of developing and updating the plan shall involve the participation of affected employees.
5001.3.3.16 Accident procedures. Written procedures for investigation and documentation of accidents shall be developed, and accidents shall be investigated and documented in accordance with these procedures.
5001.3.3.17 Consequence analysis. Where an accidental release of hazardous materials could endanger people or property, either on- or off-site, an analysis of the expected consequences of a plausible release shall be performed and utilized in the analysis and selection of active and passive hazard mitigation controls.
5001.3.3.18 Safety audits. Safety audits shall be conducted on a periodic basis to verify compliance with the requirements of this section.
5001.4 Retail and wholesale storage and display. For retail and wholesale storage and display of nonflammable solid and nonflammable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in Group M occupancies and storage in Group S occupancies, see Section 5003.11.
5001.5 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.5 and 105.6.
Where required by the fire code official, permittees shall apply for approval to permanently close a storage, use or handling facility. Such application shall be submitted not less than 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of hazardous materials. The fire code official is authorized to require that the application be accompanied by an approved facility closure plan in accordance with Section 5001.6.3.
CBC § 1.02 Medium relevance — show source text
Cabinets shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the California Mechanical Code with not less than six air changes per hour.
The average velocity of ventilation at makeup air openings with cabinet doors closed shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s).
6005.3.2 Ozone-gas-generator rooms. Ozone-gas-generator rooms shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the Cali- fornia Mechanical Code with not less than six air changes per hour. Ozone-gas-generator rooms shall be equipped with a gas detection system complying with Section 916 that will shut off the generator and sound a local alarm when concentrations above the permissible exposure limit (PEL) occur.
Ozone-gas-generator rooms shall not be normally occupied, and such rooms shall be kept free of combustible and hazardous material storage. Room access doors shall display an approved sign stating: “OZONE-GAS GENERATOR—HIGHLY TOXIC— OXIDIZER.”
6005.4 Piping, valves and fittings. Piping, valves, fittings and related components used to convey ozone shall be in accordance with Sections 6005.4.1 through 6005.4.3.
6005.4.1 Piping. Piping shall be welded stainless steel piping or tubing.
Exceptions:
- Double-walled piping.
- Piping, valves, fittings and related components located in exhausted enclosures.
6005.4.2 Materials. Materials shall be compatible with ozone and shall be rated for the design operating pressures.
6005.4.3 Identification. Piping shall be identified with the following: “OZONE GAS—HIGHLY TOXIC—OXIDIZER.”
6005.5 Automatic shutdown. Ozone-gas generators shall be designed to shut down automatically under the following conditions:
- When the dissolved ozone concentration in the water being treated is above saturation when measured at the point where the water is exposed to the atmosphere.
- When the process using generated ozone is shut down.
- Failure of the ventilation system for the cabinet or ozone-generator room.
- Failure of the gas detection system in an ozone-gas-generator room.
6005.6 Manual shutdown. Manual shutdown controls shall be provided at the generator and, where in a room, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the main exit or exit access door.
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CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 61 – LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CBC § 805.12 Medium relevance — show source text
Outside air and return air dampers shall have maximum leakage rates conforming to Section E 805.12
through Section E 805.12.2.|Y / N
| |
g.
The unit shall have an adjustable expansion control device such as a thermostatic expansion valve
(TXV).|Y / N
| |
h.
To improve the ability to troubleshoot charge and compressor operation, a high-pressure refrigerant
port will be located on the liquid line. A low-pressure refrigerant port will be located on the suction line.
|Y / N
| |
i.
The following sensors should be permanently installed to monitor system operation and the controller
|
Y / N| |
should have the capability of displaying the value of each parameter:
Refrigerant suction pressure
Supply air relative humidity
Return air temp
Supply air relative
Refrigerant suction temp
Outside air relative humidity Supply air temp
humidity
Liquid line pressure
Return air relative humidity
Outside air temp
|
should have the capability of displaying the value of each parameter:
Refrigerant suction pressure
Supply air relative humidity
Return air temp
Supply air relative
Refrigerant suction temp
Outside air relative humidity Supply air temp
humidity
Liquid line pressure
Return air relative humidity
Outside air temp
| |
j.
The controller will provide system status by indicating the following conditions:
Compressor enabled
Economizer enabled
Free cooling available
Heating enabled
Mixed air low limit cycle activeY / N|Y / N| |
k.
The unit controller shall have the capability to manually initiate each operating mode so that the operation
of compressors, economizers, fans, and heating system can be independently tested and verified.|Y / N|For SI units: °C = (°F-32)/1.8
520 2025 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE
), Copyright © 2025 IAPMO, and may not be used for any other purpose or distributed to any other persons or parties.
APPENDIX E
CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE MECH-12A Col2
Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) for Packaged Direct-Expansion Units
(Page 3 of 3)
Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) for Packaged Direct-Expansion Units
(Page 3 of 3)
Project Name/Address:
Project Name/Address:System Name or Identification/Tag: System Location or Area Served: B. Functional Testing. Col2 Results
**Step 1: Low airflow test.CBC § 414.5.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 414.5.2 Emergency or standby power. Where required by the California Fire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702. For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 of the California Fire Code .
[F] 414.5.2.1 Exempt applications. Emergency or standby power is not required for the mechanical ventilation systems provided for any of the following:
- Storage of Class IB and IC flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers not exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.
- Storage of Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
- Storage of Class II, III, IV and V organic peroxides.
- Storage of asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.
[F] 414.5.2.2 Fail-safe engineered systems. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
[F] 414.5.3 Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the California Fire Code . The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .
414.5.4 Hazardous material handling. The handling of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with California Fire Code Section 5003.
[F] 414.6 Outdoor storage, dispensing and use. The outdoor storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .
[F] 414.6.1 Weather protection. Where weather protection is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous material storage or use areas, such areas shall be considered outdoor storage or use where the weather protection structure complies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.
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SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE
[F] 414.6.1.1 Walls. Walls shall not obstruct more than one side of the structure.
Exception: Walls shall be permitted to obstruct portions of multiple sides of the structure, provided that the obstructed area is not greater than 25 percent of the structure’s perimeter.
[F] 414.6.1.2 Separation distance. The distance from the structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways or means of egress to a public way shall be not less than the distance required for an outside hazardous material storage or use area without weather protection.
[F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. The overhead structure shall be of approved noncombustible construction with a maximum area of 1,500 square feet (140 m [2] ).
Exception: The maximum area is permitted to be increased as provided by Section 506.
SECTION 415—GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5
CBC § 5005.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
5005.1.3 Spill control and secondary containment for hazardous material liquids. Where required by other provisions of Section 5005, spill control and secondary containment shall be provided for hazardous material liquids in accordance with Section 5004.2.
5005.1.4 Limit controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with Sections 5005.1.4.1 through 5005.1.4.4.
5005.1.4.1 High-liquid-level control. Open tanks in which liquid hazardous materials are used shall be equipped with a liquid-level limit control or other means to prevent overfilling of the tank.
5005.1.4.2 Low-liquid-level control. Approved safeguards shall be provided to prevent a low-liquid level in a tank from creating a hazardous condition, including but not limited to, overheating of a tank or its contents.
5005.1.4.3 Temperature control. Temperature control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.1.
5005.1.4.4 Pressure control. Pressure control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5004.8.2.
5005.1.5 Standby or emergency power. Where mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required by this code, such systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 1203.
5005.1.5.1 Exempt applications. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treatment systems and temperature control systems shall not be required where an approved fail-safe engineered system is installed.
5005.1.6 Supervision and monitoring. Manual alarm, detection and automatic fire-extinguishing systems required by other provisions of Section 5005 shall be electrically supervised and monitored by an approved supervisory service or, where approved, shall initiate an audible and visual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.
5005.1.7 Lighting. Adequate lighting by natural or artificial means shall be provided.
5005.1.8 Fire protection systems. Indoor rooms or areas in which hazardous materials are dispensed or used shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9. Sprinkler system design shall be not less than that required for Ordinary Hazard, Group 2, with a minimum design area of 3,000 square feet (279 m [2] ). Where the materials or storage arrangement are required by other regulations to be provided with a higher level of sprinkler system protection, the higher level of sprinkler system protection shall be provided.
5005.1.9 Ventilation. Indoor dispensing and use areas shall be provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 5004.3.
Exception: Ventilation is not required for dispensing and use of flammable solids other than finely divided particles.
5005.1.10 Liquid transfer. Liquids having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 shall be transferred by one of the following methods:
- From safety cans complying with UL 30.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—GENERAL PROVISIONS
CBC § 203.6.1. Medium relevance — show source text
Hazardous occupancies are classified in Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 and shall be in accordance with this code and the requirements of Section 415 of the California Building Code . Hazardous materials stored or used on top of roofs or canopies shall be classified as rooftop storage or use and shall comply with this code.
203.6.1. Occupancy exemptions. Storage, use and handling of hazardous materials in accordance with Table 307.1.1 of the Cali- fornia Building Code shall not be counted as contributing to maximum allowable quantities and shall not cause classification of an occupancy to be Group H. Such storage, use and handling shall comply with applicable provisions of this code.
203.6.2 Hazardous materials. Hazardous materials in any quantity shall conform to the requirements of this code and Section 414 of the California Building Code .
203.6.3 High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detonation hazard shall be classified as Group H-1. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Detonable pyrophoric materials
Explosives:
Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 1.4
Division 1.5
Division 1.6
Organic peroxides, unclassified detonable
Oxidizers, Class 4
Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3 detonable and Class 4
203.6.3.1 Occupancies containing explosives not classified as H-1. The following occupancies containing explosive materials shall be classified as follows:
- Division 1.3 explosive materials that are used and maintained in a form where either confinement or configuration will not elevate the hazard from a mass fire to mass explosion hazard shall be allowed in Group H-2 occupancies.
- Division 1.4 explosive materials shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupancies.
- Articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as a Division 1.4 explosive under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives regulations, or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagration between articles shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupancies.
203.6.4 High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning shall be classified as Group H-2. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
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DEFINITIONS
Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids that are used or stored in normally open containers or systems, or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa)
Combustible dusts where manufactured, generated or used in such a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard based on information prepared in accordance with Section 414.1.3 of the California Building Code.
Cryogenic fluids, flammable
Category 1A flammable gases
Category 1B flammable gases having a burning velocity greater than 3.9 inches per second (99 mm/s)
Organic peroxides, Class I
CBC § 415.9.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: Rooms where only double-wall storage tanks conforming to Section 415.9.1.3 are used to store Class I, II and IIIA flammable and combustible liquids shall not be required to have a leakage containment area.
[F] 415.9.1.5 Leakage alarm. An approved automatic alarm shall be provided to indicate a leak in a storage tank and room. The alarm shall sound an audible signal, 15 dBa above the ambient sound level, at every point of entry into the room in which the leaking storage tank is located. An approved sign shall be posted on every entry door to the tank storage room indicating the potential hazard of the interior room environment, or the sign shall state, “WARNING, WHEN ALARM SOUNDS, THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE ROOM MAY BE HAZARDOUS.” The leakage alarm shall be supervised in accordance with Chapter 9 to transmit a trouble signal.
[F] 415.9.1.6 Tank vent. Storage tank vents for Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall terminate to the outdoor air in accordance with the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.7 Room ventilation. Storage tank areas storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be provided with mechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation system shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.8 Explosion venting. Where Class I liquids are being stored, explosion venting shall be provided in accordance with the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.9 Tank openings other than vents. Tank openings other than vents from tanks inside buildings shall be designed to ensure that liquids or vapor concentrations are not released inside the building.
[F] 415.9.2 Liquefied petroleum gas facilities. The construction and installation of liquefied petroleum gas facilities shall be in accordance with the requirements of this code, the California Fire Code, the California Plumbing Code, the California Mechanical Code and NFPA 58.
[F] 415.9.3 Dry cleaning plants. The construction and installation of dry cleaning plants shall be in accordance with the requirements of this code, the California Mechanical Code, the California Plumbing Code and NFPA 32. Dry cleaning solvents and systems shall be classified in accordance with the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.10 Groups H-3 and H-4. Groups H-3 and H-4 shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of this code and the California Fire Code .
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[F] 415.10.1 Flammable and combustible liquids. The storage, handling, processing and transporting of flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-3 occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 415.9.1.
[F] 415.10.2 Gas rooms. Where gas rooms are provided, such rooms shall be separated from other areas by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
CBC § 415.9 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 415.9 Group H-2. Occupancies in Group H-2 shall be constructed in accordance with Sections 415.9.1 through 415.9.3 and the California Fire Code.
[F] 415.9.1 Flammable and combustible liquids. The storage, handling, processing and transporting of flammable and combustible liquids in Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies shall be in accordance with Sections 415.9.1.1 through 415.9.1.9, the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.1 Mixed occupancies. Where the storage tank area is located in a building of two or more occupancies and the quantity of liquid exceeds the maximum allowable quantity for one control area, the use shall be completely separated from adjacent occupancies in accordance with the requirements of Section 508.4.
[F] 415.9.1.1.1 Height exception. Where storage tanks are located within a building not more than one story above grade plane, the height limitation of Section 504 shall not apply for Group H.
[F] 415.9.1.2 Tank protection. Storage tanks shall be noncombustible and protected from physical damage. Fire barriers or horizontal assemblies or both around the storage tanks shall be permitted as the method of protection from physical damage.
[F] 415.9.1.3 Tanks. Storage tanks shall be approved tanks conforming to the requirements of the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.4 Leakage containment. A liquid-tight containment area compatible with the stored liquid shall be provided. The method of spill control, drainage control and secondary containment shall be in accordance with the California Fire Code .
Exception: Rooms where only double-wall storage tanks conforming to Section 415.9.1.3 are used to store Class I, II and IIIA flammable and combustible liquids shall not be required to have a leakage containment area.
[F] 415.9.1.5 Leakage alarm. An approved automatic alarm shall be provided to indicate a leak in a storage tank and room. The alarm shall sound an audible signal, 15 dBa above the ambient sound level, at every point of entry into the room in which the leaking storage tank is located. An approved sign shall be posted on every entry door to the tank storage room indicating the potential hazard of the interior room environment, or the sign shall state, “WARNING, WHEN ALARM SOUNDS, THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE ROOM MAY BE HAZARDOUS.” The leakage alarm shall be supervised in accordance with Chapter 9 to transmit a trouble signal.
[F] 415.9.1.6 Tank vent. Storage tank vents for Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall terminate to the outdoor air in accordance with the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.7 Room ventilation. Storage tank areas storing Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be provided with mechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation system shall be in accordance with the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code .
[F] 415.9.1.8 Explosion venting. Where Class I liquids are being stored, explosion venting shall be provided in accordance with the California Fire Code .
CBC § 5705.3.7 Medium relevance — show source text
5705.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Where required by Section 5705.3.5.3 or 5705.3.6.1, rooms or buildings used for the use, dispensing or mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.1 through 5705.3.7.6.3.
5705.3.7.1 Construction, location and fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Build- ing Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code .
5705.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be conducted in basements.
5705.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9.
5705.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors in accordance with the California Building Code .
5705.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in open systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.5.1 through 5705.3.7.5.3.
5705.3.7.5.1 Ventilation. Continuous mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m [3] /(s × m [2] )] of floor area over the design area. Provisions shall be made for introduction of makeup air in such a manner to include all floor areas or pits where vapors can collect. Local or spot ventilation shall be provided where needed to prevent the accumulation of hazardous vapors. Ventilation system design shall comply with the California Building Code and California Mechanical Code .
Exception: Where natural ventilation can be shown to be effective for the materials used, dispensed or mixed.
5705.3.7.5.2 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with Section 911.
5705.3.7.5.3 Spill control and secondary containment. Spill control shall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4 where Class I, II or IIIA liquids are dispensed into containers exceeding a 1.3-gallon (5 L) capacity or mixed or used in open containers or systems exceeding a 5.3-gallon (20 L) capacity. Spill control and secondary containment shall be provided in accordance with Section 5703.4 where the capacity of an individual container exceeds 55 gallons (208 L) or the aggregate capacity of multiple containers or tanks exceeds 100 gallons (378.5 L).
5705.3.7.6 Closed systems. Use or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids in closed systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.6.1 through 5705.3.7.6.3.
2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE 57-33
CBC § 414.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[F] 414.5.1 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the California Fire Code as required by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 307.1(1) or where a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by Section 415 or the California Fire Code .
[F] TABLE 414.5.1—EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSa, h Col2 Col3 Col4 MATERIAL CLASS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS MATERIAL CLASS Barricade construction Explosion (deflagration) venting or
explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsbHAZARD CATEGORY Combustible dustsc — Not Required Required Cryogenic flammables — Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.1 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1.2 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1.3 Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.4j Not Required Required Explosives Division 1.5 Required Not Required Explosives Division 1.6 Required Not Required Flammable gas Gaseous Not Required Requiredk Flammable gas Liquefied Not Required Requiredk Flammable liquid IAd Not Required Required Flammable liquid IBe Not Required Required Organic peroxides U Required Not Permitted Organic peroxides I Required Not Permitted 4-40 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
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SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE
[F] TABLE 414.5.1—EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSa, h—continued Col2 Col3 Col4 MATERIAL CLASS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS MATERIAL CLASS Barricade construction Explosion (deflagration) venting or
explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsbOxidizer liquids and solids 4 Required Not Permitted Pyrophoric gas — Not Required Required Unstable (reactive) 4 Required Not Permitted Unstable (reactive) 3 Detonable Required Not Permitted Unstable (reactive) 3 Nondetonable Not Required Required Water-reactive liquids and solids 3 Not Required Required Water-reactive liquids and solids 2g Not Required Required SPECIAL USES Acetylene generator rooms — Not Required Required Electrochemical energy storage
systemi— Not Required Required Energy storage systemi — Not Required Required Grain processing — Not Required Required Liquefied petroleum gas-distri-
bution facilities— Not CBC § 3108F.3 Medium relevance — show source text
VT = VSL + VSH + VFL + VFH = Total Volume (stored and flowing)
* Quantities are based on maximum flow rate, including simultaneous transfers._|3108F.3 Fire prevention.
3108F.3.1 Ignition source control.
3108F.3.1.1 Protection from ignition by static electricity, lightning or stray currents shall be in accordance with API RP 2003
8.4.
3108F.3.1.2 Requirements to prevent electrical arcing shall be in conformity with 2 CCR 2341 [8.3] (N/E).
3108F.3.1.3 Multi-berth terminal piers shall be constructed so as to provide a minimum of 100 ft between adjacent manifolds (N).
3108F.3.2 Emergency shutdown (ESD) systems. Emergency shutdown systems are essential to oil spill and fire prevention. These systems may include, but are not limited to, ESD valves, shore isolation valves (SIVs), automatic pump shutdown, controls, actuators and alarms. The ESD systems shall conform to 2 CCR 2380 [8.3] and 33 CFR 154.550 [8.5], and provide: 1. Remote actuation stations strategically located, so that ESD valve(s) may be shut within required times (N). 2. Multiple actuation stations installed at strategic locations, so that one such station is located more than 100 ft from areas classified as Class I, Group D, Division 1 or 2 per the California Electrical Code [8.6]. Actuation stations shall be wired in paral- lel to achieve redundancy and arranged so that fire damage to one station will not disable the ESD system (N). 3. Communications or control circuits to synchronize simultaneous closure of the shore isolation valves (SIVs) with the shut- down of loading pumps (N). 4. A manual reset to restore the ESD system to an operational state after each initiation (N). 5. An alarm to indicate failure of the primary power source (N). 6. A secondary (emergency) power source (N). 7. Periodic testing of the system (N/E). 8. Fire proofing of motors and control-cables that are installed in areas classified as Class I, Group D, Division 1 or 2 per the California Electrical Code [8.6]. Fire proofing shall, at a minimum, comply with the recommendations in Section 6 of API RP 2218 [8.7] (N).
3108F.3.2.1 Emergency shutdown (ESD) valves. ESD valves shall conform to the requirements in Section 3109F.5, as applicable, and the following: 1. Be located near the dock manifold connection or loading arm (N/E). 2. Have “Local” and “Remote” actuation capabilities (N).
CBC § 5705.3.6.2.3 Medium relevance — show source text
5705.3.6.2.3 Solvent quantity limits. Solvent quantities shall be limited as follows:
Machines without remote solvent reservoirs shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5.
Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class I liquids shall be limited to quantities set forth in Section 5705.3.5.
Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class II liquids shall be limited to 35 gallons (132 L) per machine. The total quantities shall not exceed an aggregate of 240 gallons (908 L) per control area in buildings not equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system and an aggregate of 480 gallons (1817 L) per control area in buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
Machines with remote solvent reservoirs using Class IIIA liquids shall be limited to 80 gallons (303 L) per machine.
5705.3.6.2.4 Immersion soaking of parts. Work areas of machines with remote solvent reservoirs shall not be used for immersion soaking of parts.
5705.3.6.2.5 Separation. Multiple machines shall be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) or by a fire barrier with a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance rating.
5705.3.6.2.6 Ventilation. Machines shall be located in areas adequately ventilated to prevent accumulation of vapors.
5705.3.6.2.7 Installation. Machines shall be installed in accordance with their listings.
5705.3.7 Rooms or buildings for quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Where required by Section 5705.3.5.3 or 5705.3.6.1, rooms or buildings used for the use, dispensing or mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.1 through 5705.3.7.6.3.
5705.3.7.1 Construction, location and fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Build- ing Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies based on use, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code .
5705.3.7.2 Basements. In rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3, dispensing or mixing of flammable or combustible liquids shall not be conducted in basements.
5705.3.7.3 Fire protection. Rooms or buildings classified in accordance with the California Building Code as Group H-2 or H-3 occupancies shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Chapter 9.
5705.3.7.4 Doors. Interior doors to rooms or portions of such buildings shall be self-closing fire doors in accordance with the California Building Code .
5705.3.7.5 Open systems. Use, dispensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids in open systems shall be in accordance with Sections 5705.3.7.5.1 through 5705.3.7.5.3.
CBC § 414.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Exception: Neither fire-resistance-rated construction nor opening protectives are required in any of the following locations:
- Areas protected by approved automatic sprinkler systems.
- Group R-3 and U occupancies.
SECTION 414—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
[F] 414.1 General. Buildings and structures occupied for the manufacturing, processing, dispensing, use or storage of hazardous materials shall comply with Sections 414.1 through 414.6.
Exception: Exemptions listed in Table 307.1.1 shall not be required to comply with Section 414.
[F] 414.1.1 Other provisions. Buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H shall comply with this section and the applicable provisions of Section 415 and the California Fire Code. See Section 453 for Group L occupancies.
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[F] 414.1.2 Materials. The safe design of hazardous material occupancies is material dependent. Individual material requirements are found in Sections 307 and 415, the California Mechanical Cod e and the California Fire Code.
[F] 414.1.2.1 Aerosol products, aerosol cooking spray products and plastic aerosol 3 products. Level 2 and 3 aerosol products, aerosol cooking spray products and plastic aerosol 3 products shall be stored and displayed in accordance with the California Fire Code . See Section 311.2 and the California Fire Code for occupancy group requirements.
[F] 414.1.3 Information required. A report shall be submitted to the building official identifying the maximum expected quantities of hazardous materials to be stored, used in a closed system and used in an open system, and subdivided to separately address hazardous material classification categories based on Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2). The methods of protection from such hazards, including but not limited to control areas, fire protection systems and Group H occupancies shall be indicated in the report and on the construction documents. The opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified person, firm or corporation approved by the building official and provided without charge to the enforcing agency.
For buildings and structures with an occupancy in Group H, separate floor plans shall be submitted identifying the locations of anticipated contents and processes so as to reflect the nature of each occupied portion of every building and structure.
[F] 414.2 Control areas. Control areas shall comply with Sections 414.2.1 through 414.2.5 and the California Fire Code .
[F] 414.2.1 Construction requirements. Control areas shall be separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
[F] 414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities. The percentage of maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials per control area permitted at each floor level within a building shall be in accordance with Table 414.2.2.
CBC § 1.1.2 Medium relevance — show source text
1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, access to persons with disabilities, sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation and energy conservation; safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment; and to provide safety to firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.
1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures throughout the State of California. [HCD 1 & 2] The provisions of this code shall apply to repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition to and relocation of every existing building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures throughout the State of California.
1.1.3.1 Nonstate-regulated buildings, structures and applications. Except as modified by local ordinance pursuant to Section 1.1.8, the following standards in the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 shall apply to all occupancies and applications not regulated by a state agency.
1.1.3.2 State-regulated buildings, structures and applications. The model code, state amendments to the model code and/or state amendments where there are no relevant model code provisions shall apply to the following buildings, structures and applications regulated by state agencies as specified in Sections 1.2 through 1.14, except where modified by local ordinance pursuant to Section 1.1.8. When adopted by a state agency, the provisions of this code shall be enforced by the appropriate enforcing agency, but only to the extent of authority granted to such agency by the state legislature.
Note: See “How to Distinguish Between Model Code Language and California Amendments” in the front of the code. 1. State-owned buildings, including buildings constructed by the Trustees of the California State University, and to the extent permitted by California laws, buildings designed and constructed by the Regents of the University of California, and regulated by the Building Standards Commission. See Section 1.2 for additional scope provisions. 2. Section 1.3 is reserved for the Board of State Community Corrections. 3. Section 1.4 is reserved for the Department of Consumer Affairs. 4. Section 1.5 is reserved for the California Energy Commission. 5. Section 1.6 is reserved for the Department of Food and Agriculture. 6. Section 1.7 is reserved for the Department of Public Health. 7. Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments, dwellings, dormitories, condominiums, shelters for homeless persons, congregate residences, employee housing, factory-built housing and other types of dwellings containing sleeping _accommodations with or without common toilets or cooking facilities.
Frequently asked questions
Do §§ 414.3 and 415.9.1.7 give numeric ventilation rates?
No—those CBC sections require mechanical ventilation where hazardous emissions are possible and refer designers to the California Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code for numeric rates and detailed installation requirements (see § 414.3 and § 415.9.1.7).
If I have an exhausted enclosure, can I recirculate the exhaust to other parts of the building?
Not normally. The Fire Code prohibits recirculation of air contaminated with explosive/flammable vapors, highly toxic gases, or similar contaminants into occupied areas unless contaminants have been removed to an acceptable level. Design discharge and makeup air in accordance with CFC/CMC.
What does “fail‑safe” automatic control mean in practice?
Fail‑safe means the control is designed so that a single failure or loss of power results in a non‑hazardous state (for example, automatic shutdown, closing of valves, activation of alarms or safe venting), rather than leaving the process in a dangerous condition; CBC § 414.4 requires this approach.
Are leakage alarms mandatory for tank rooms?
Yes—§ 415.9.1.5 of the CBC requires an approved automatic leakage alarm for storage tank rooms, with specified audibility, supervision and signage requirements.
Can I avoid standby power for my ventilation fans?
Possibly—§ 414.5.2 requires emergency/standby power where required by the CBC or CFC but also allows exemptions and the use of approved fail‑safe engineered systems in some cases. Confirm with the authority having jurisdiction.
More in California Building Code
- Administration & Permits
- Energy Efficiency
- Existing Buildings
- Occupancy Classification & Use
- Hazardous Materials & Occupancies
- Types of Construction
- Fire-Resistance & Fire Safety
- Interior Finishes
- Means of Egress
- Accessibility
- Exterior Walls
- Roofing & Roof Assemblies
- Structural Design
- Special Inspections & Tests
- Foundations & Soils
- Concrete
- Masonry
- Steel
- Wood
- Elevators & Conveying Systems
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