Chapter 16.17 — CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE, CALIFORNIA CODE OF

REGULATIONS, TITLE 24, PART 6*

Sections:

16.17.010 2025 California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6 adopted.

• Editor’s Note: Prior ordinance history: Ordinance 4980, 5064, 5222, 5326, 5345, 5383, 5485, 5571, and 5627.

16.17.010 2025 California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6 adopted.

The California Energy Code, 2025 Edition, Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and hereby incorporated in this chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set forth herein. Except as amended herein, all requirements of the California Energy Code, 2025 Edition, Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations shall apply.

Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and regulations to the chapters and sections of the former editions of the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2025. Ordinance No. 5627 of the City of Palo Alto and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.

One copy of the California Energy Code, 2025 Edition, has been filed for use and examination of the public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

The provisions of this chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California Energy Code, 2025 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

The provisions of this chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions of the California Energy Code, 2025 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-referenced sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this chapter.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the 2025 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to comply with any of the requirements of this chapter or any permits, conditions, or variances granted under this chapter. Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties authorized by law, including but not limited to: administrative enforcement pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code; and criminal enforcement pursuant toChapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of this chapter occurs or continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense.

When the chief building official determines that a violation of this chapter has occurred, the chief building official may record a notice of pendency of code violation with the Office of the County Recorder stating the address and owner of the property involved. When the violation has been corrected, the chief building official shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of code violation.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

Section 110.10 of Subchapter 2 of the California Energy Code is amended by adding Section 110.10 (f) to read:

(f) Existing tree canopies. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this Code, the Solar Shade Act of 2009, and the Palo Alto Tree Ordinance (Chapter 8.10), the most protective of existing tree canopies shall prevail.

(Ord. 5681 § 2, 2025)

SECTION 120.0 NONRESIDENTIAL, HOTEL/MOTEL OCCUPANCIES, AND COVERED PROCESSES - MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS - GENERAL.

Section 120.0 of Subchapter 3 of the California Energy Code is amended to read:

Sections 120.1 through 120.10 establish requirements for the design and installation of building envelopes, ventilation, space-conditioning and service water-heating systems and equipment in nonresidential and hotel/motel buildings as well as covered processes that are within the scope of Section 100.0(a).

Note: The requirements of Sections 120.1 through 120.10 apply to newly constructed buildings. Section 141.0 specifies which requirements of Sections 120.1 through 120.10 also apply to additions or alterations to existing buildings. The electric readiness requirements specified in Section 120.6 (k) and Section 120.6(l) apply to substantial remodels.

(Ord. 5681 § 3, 2025)

Subchapter 3 of the California Energy Code is amended to add Section 120.6(I) to be numbered, entitled, and to read:

120.6(I) ELECTRIC READINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR SYSTEMS USING GAS OR PROPANE. Where nonresidential systems using gas or propane are installed, the construction drawings shall indicate electrical infrastructure and physical space accommodating the future installation of an electric appliance in the following ways, as certified by a registered design professional or licensed electrical contractor.

a) Branch circuit wiring, electrically isolated and designed to serve all electric heating appliances in accordance with manufacturer

requirements and the California Electrical Code, including the appropriate voltage, phase, minimum amperage, and an electrical receptacle or junction box within five feet of the appliance that is accessible with no obstructions. Appropriately sized conduit may be installed in lieu of conductors; and

b) Labeling of both ends of the unused conductors or conduit shall be with “For Future Electrical Appliance”; and

c) Reserved circuit breakers in the electrical panel for each branch circuit, appropriately labeled (e.g. “Reserved for Future Electrical

Appliance”), and positioned on the opposite end of the panel supply conductor connection; and

d) Connected subpanels, panelboards, switchboards, busbars, and transformers shall be sized to serve the future electric heating appliances.

The electrical capacity requirements shall be adjusted for demand factors in accordance with the California Electrical Code; and

e) Physical space for future electric appliances, including equipment footprint, and if needed a pathway reserved for routing of ductwork to heat

pump evaporator(s), shall be depicted on the construction drawings. The footprint necessary for future electric appliances may overlap with nonstructural partitions and with the location of currently designed combustion equipment.

(Ord. 5681 § 4, 2025)

Section 150.0 MANDATORY FEATURES AND DEVICES

Section 150.0 of Subchapter 7 of the California Energy Code is amended to read as follows (additionsunderlined, deletions, struck through):

Single-family residential buildings shall comply with the applicable requirements of Sections 150(a) through 150.0(vx).

NOTE: The requirements of Sections 150.0 (a) through (v) apply to newly constructed buildingsand substantial remodels. Sections 150.2(a) and 150.2(b) specify which requirements of Sections 150.0(a) through 150.0(rv) also apply to additions or alterations.The electric readiness requirements of Sections 150.0 (n), (t), (u) and (v) apply to residential remodels or additions when the applicable system is included in the remodel. In addition, covered single-family projects shall also be required to comply with Section 150.0(w) and certain additions and alterations shall also be required to comply with Section 150.0(x).

Subsections 150.0 (a) - (s) are adopted without modification.

(t) Heat pump space heater ready. Systems using gas or propane furnace to serve individual dwelling units shall include the following:

1. A dedicated 240 volt branch circuit wiring shall be installed within three feet from the furnace and accessible to the furnace with no

obstructions. The branch circuit conductors shall be rated at 30 amps minimum. The blank cover shall be identified as "240V ready." All electrical components shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

2. The main electrical service panel shall have a reserved space to allow for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future heat

pump space heater installation. The reserved space shall be permanently marked as "For Future 240V use."

3. A designated exterior location for a future heat pump compressor unit.

Subsections 150.0 (u) - (v) are adopted without modification.

A new Subsection, (w), is added to Section 150.0 as follows:

(w) A covered single-family project shall install a set of measures based on the building vintage from the Measure Menu Table, Table 150.0- J, to achieve a total measure point score that is equal to or greater than the target score in Table 150.0-I. In addition, all mandatory measures listed in Table 150.0-J shall be installed. Measure verification shall be explicitly included as an addendum to the Certificate of Compliance to be filed pursuant to 2025 Title 24, Part 6, Section 10-103.

Installed measures shall meet the specifications in Table 150.0-K. Building vintage is the year in which the original construction permit for the

building was submitted, as documented by building department records, or the permit issue date of an addition or alteration that satisfied the Performance Standards (California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6, Section 150.1(b)) that were in effect at that time. Unless otherwise specified, the requirements shall apply to the entire dwelling unit, not just the additional or altered portion. Measures from the Measure Menu table that are to be installed to satisfy requirements under the California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6, may not count towards compliance with these requirements. Where these requirements conflict with other California Energy Code requirements, the stricter requirements shall prevail.

Exception 1 to Section 150.0(w): Creation of a new accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit that is within the existing space

of a single-family dwelling or accessory structure and include an expansion of not more than 150 square feet beyond the same physical dimensions as the existing accessory structure. An expansion beyond the physical dimensions of the existing accessory structure shall be limited to accommodating ingress and egress. Or, if the project would not otherwise be a covered single-family project were it not for the inclusion of an accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit that meets the criteria above.

Exception 2 to Section 150.0(w): Mobile homes, manufactured housing, or factory-built housing as defined in Division 13 of the California

Health and Safety 12 Code (commencing with Section 17000 of the Health and Safety Code).

Exception 3 to Section 150.0(w): Emergency Housing pursuant to Appendix P of the California Building Code.

Exception 4 to Section 150.0(w): An alteration that consists solely of roof and/or fenestration projects.

Exception 5 to Section 150.0(w): If the project includes circumstances which constitute hardship or infeasibility, the applicant may request an

exemption. In applying for an exemption, the burden is on the applicant to show hardship or infeasibility. Circumstances that constitute hardship or infeasibility shall include one or more of the following:

(a) That the cost of achieving compliance exceeds 20% of the valuation of cost of the project;

(b) That it is technically infeasible to achieve compliance through all packages due to conditions specific to the project;

(c) That strict compliance with these standards would create or maintain a hazardous condition(s) and present a life safety risk to the

occupants.

Applicants shall follow the Infeasibility procedures in PAMC 16.17.170.

Exception 6 to Section 150.0(w): If the applicant demonstrates, using Commission-certified compliance software as specified by Section 10-

109(c) and Section 10-116, that the energy budget of the proposed building design would be less than or equal to the energy budget of the building under the project if it included any set of measures that would achieve compliance under this Section 150.0(w).

Certificate of Compliance. The Certificate of Compliance shall be prepared and signed by a Certified Energy Analyst and the energy budget for

the proposed design shall be no greater than the standard design building.

Exception 7 to Section 150.0(w): If the dwelling unit has previously installed measures from the Measure Menu, Table 150.0-J, and

compliance can be demonstrated to the building official, then these measures shall not be required to be newly installed, and appropriate credit shall be included in the applicable compliance calculations.

Exception 8 to Section 150.0(w): A measure that is necessary for compliance is prohibited because of a covenant or other deed restriction

on the property, such as a homeowners association covenant.

Exception 9 to Section 150.0(w): A covered single-family project, other than an addition, that would not otherwise be subject to this Section

150.0(w) but for installation of solar PV, solar water heating, EV charging, electrical upgrades for solar PV or EV charging, or energy storage.

Exception 10 to Section 150.0(w): The project is solely related to a repair, as defined by Title 24 Part 2 Section 202.

Exception 11 to Section 150.0(w) and 150.0(x): A covered single-family project that consists solely of medically necessary improvements or

solely of seismic safety improvements.

TABLE 150.0-I: TARGET SCORES.

Building Vintage Pre-1978 1978-1991 1992-2010 Climate Zone 4 12 12 12

TABLE 150.0-J: MEASURE MENU, CLIMATE ZONE 4

ID Measures Building Vintage Pre- 1978 1978- 1991 199 2- 2010 E1 Lighting Measures Mandatory E1 Water Heating Package 1 1 1 E3 Air Sealing 2 1 1 E4.A R-38 Attic Insulation 7 3 1 E4.B R-49 Attic Insulation 7 3 1 E5 Duct Sealing 6 4 1 E6.A New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing 10 7 2 E6.B New Ducts, R-8 Insulation + Duct Sealing 11 8 3 E7 Windows 6 5 3 E8 R-15 Wall Insulation 6 -- -- E10. A R-19 Raised floor insulation 8 8 -- E10. B R-30 Raised floor insulation 9 9 --

E11 Radiant Barrier Under Roof (when re-roofing) 3 2 1 FS1 Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Gas 12 12 12 FS2 High Eff. Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Gas 13 13 13 FS3 Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Electric 4 4 4 FS4 High Eff. Heat Pump Water Heater Replacing Electric 5 5 5 FS5 Heat Pump Space Conditioning System 21 16 13 FS6 High Eff. Heat Pump Space Conditioning System 23 18 15 FS7 Dual Fuel Heat Pump Space Conditioning System 15 11 10 FS8 Heat Pump Clothes Dryer 1 1 1 FS9 Induction Cooktop 1 1 1 PV Solar PV 17 17 15

TABLE 150.0-K: MEASURE SPECIFICATIONS

ID Measure Specification Energy Efficiency Measures Lighting Measures: Install lighting with an efficiency of 45 lumens per watt or greater in all interior and exterior screw-in fixtures. Install E1 photocell, occupancy sensor or energy management system controls that meet the requirements of 150.0(k)3 in all outdoor lighting permanently mounted to a residential building or to other buildings on the same lot. Water Heating Package: Insulate all accessible hot water pipes with pipe insulation a minimum of three-fourths inch thick. This includes insulating the supply pipe leaving the water heater, piping to faucets underneath sinks, and accessible pipes in attic spaces or crawlspaces. Upgrade fittings in sinks and showers to meet current California Green Building Standards Code (Title 24, Part 11) Section E2 4.303 water efficiency requirements. Exception: Upgraded fixtures are not required if existing fixtures have rated or measured flow rates of no more than 10% greater than 2025 California Green Building Standards Code (Title 24, Part 11) Section 4.303 water efficiency requirements. Air Sealing: Seal all accessible cracks, holes, and gaps in the building envelope at walls, floors, and ceilings. Pay special attention to penetrations including plumbing, electrical, and mechanical vents, recessed can light luminaires, and windows. Weather-strip doors if not already present. Verification shall be conducted following a prescriptive checklist that outlines which building aspects need to be addressed by the permit applicant and verified by an inspector. Compliance can also be demonstrated with blower door testing conducted by a certified ECC Rater no more than three years prior to the permit application date that either: a) shows at least a 30% E3 reduction from pre-retrofit conditions; or b) shows that the number of air changes per hour at 50 Pascals pressure difference (ACH50) does not exceed ten for Pre-1978 vintage buildings, seven for 1978 to 1991 vintage buildings and five for 1992-2010 vintage buildings. If combustion appliances are located within the pressure boundary of the building, conduct a combustion safety test by a certified ECC Rater or a professional certified by the Building Performance Institute, in accordance with the BPI Technical Standards for the Building Analyst Professional. R-38 Attic Insulation: Attic insulation shall be installed to achieve a weighted assembly U-factor of 0.025 or insulation installed at the ceiling level shall have a thermal resistance of R-38 or greater for the insulation alone. Recessed downlight luminaires in the ceiling shall be covered with insulation to the same depth as the rest of the ceiling. Luminaires not rated for insulation contact must be replaced or fitted with a fire-proof cover that allows for insulation to be installed directly over the cover. Exception: In buildings where existing R-30 is present and existing recessed downlight luminaires are not rated for insulation contact, insulation is not required to be installed over the luminaires. R-49 Attic Insulation: Attic insulation shall be installed to achieve a weighted assembly U-factor of 0.020 or insulation installed at the ceiling level shall have a thermal resistance of R-49 or greater for the insulation alone. Recessed downlight luminaires in the ceiling shall be covered with insulation to the same depth as the rest of the ceiling. Luminaires not rated for insulation contact must be replaced or fitted with a fire-proof cover that allows for insulation to be installed directly over the cover. Exception: In buildings where existing R-30 is present and existing recessed downlight luminaires are not rated for insulation contact, insulation is not required to be installed over the luminaires. Duct Sealing: Air seal all space conditioning ductwork to meet the requirements of the 2025 Title 24, Part 6, Section 150.2(b)1E. The duct system must be tested by a ECC Rater no more than three years prior to the covered single-family project permit application date to E5 verify the duct sealing and confirm that the requirements have been met. This measure may not be combined with the New Ducts and Duct Sealing measure in this Table. Exception: Buildings without ductwork or where the ducts are in conditioned space. New Ducts, R-6 Insulation + Duct Sealing: Replace existing space conditioning ductwork with new R-6 ducts that meet the requirements E6.A of 2025 Title 24 Section 150.0(m)11. This measure may not be combined with the Duct Sealing measure in this Table. To qualify, a preexisting measure must have been installed no more than three years before the covered single-family project permit application date. New Ducts, R-8 insulation + Duct Sealing: Replace existing space conditioning ductwork with new R-8 ducts that meet the requirements E6.B of 2025 Title 24 Section 150.0(m)11. This measure may not be combined with the Duct Sealing measure in this Table. To qualify, a preexisting measure must have been installed no more than three years before the covered single-family project permit application date. Windows: Replace at least 50% of existing windows with high performance windows with an area-weighted average U-factor no greater E7 than 0.27 in Climate Zones 4. R-15 Wall Insulation: Install wall insulation in all exterior walls to achieve a weighted U-factor of 0.095 or install wall insulation in all E8 exterior wall cavities that shall result in an installed thermal resistance of R-15 or greater for the insulation alone. E9 Reserved for fut

h an area-weighted average U-factor no greater E7 than 0.27 in Climate Zones 4. R-15 Wall Insulation: Install wall insulation in all exterior walls to achieve a weighted U-factor of 0.095 or install wall insulation in all E8 exterior wall cavities that shall result in an installed thermal resistance of R-15 or greater for the insulation alone. E9 Reserved for future use R-19 Floor Insulation: Raised-floors shall be insulated such that the floor assembly has an assembly U-factor equal to or less than U- E10. A 0.037 or shall be insulated between wood framing with insulation having an R-value equal to or greater than R-19. R-30 Floor Insulation: Raised-floors shall be insulated such that the floor assembly has an assembly U-factor equal to or less than U- E10. B 0.028 or shall be insulated between wood framing with insulation having an R-value equal to or greater than R-30. Radiant Barrier: A radiant barrier that meets the requirements of Section 150.1(c)2 shall be installed under at least 50% of the roof E11 surface. Fuel Substitution and Solar PV Measures

Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Replacing Gas: Replace existing natural gas water heater with a heat pump water heater that meets FS1 the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.H.iii.b. High Efficiency Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Replacing Gas: Replace existing natural gas water heater with heat pump water FS2 heater with a Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) Tier 3 or higher rating that also meets the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.H.iii.c. Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Replacing Electric: Replace existing electric resistance water heater with a heat pump water heater FS3 that meets the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.H.iii.b. High Efficiency Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Replacing Electric: Replace existing electric resistance water heater with heat pump FS4 water heater with a Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) Tier 3 or higher rating that also meets the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.H.iii.c. Heat Pump Space Conditioning System: Replace all existing gas and electric resistance primary space heating systems with a heat FS5 pump system that meets the requirements of Sections 110.3, 150.2(b)1.C, 150.2(b)1.E, 150.2(b)1.F, and 150.2(b)1.G. High Efficiency Heat Pump Space Conditioning System: Replace all existing gas and electric resistance primary space heating systems with an electric-only heat pump system that meets the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.C, 150.2(b)1.E, 150.2(b)1.F, and 150.2(b)1.G and one of the following: FS6 A. A ducted heat pump system with a SEER2 rating of 16.5 or greater, an EER2 rating of 12.48 or greater and an HSPF2 rating of 9.5 or greater; or B. A ductless mini-split heat pump system with a SEER2 rating of 14.3 or greater, an EER2 rating of 11.7 or greater and an HSPF2 rating of 7.5 or greater. Dual Fuel Heat Pump Space Conditioning System: Install a heat pump space conditioning system that meets the requirements of Sections 110.3 and 150.2(b)1.C, 150.2(b)1.E, 150.2(b)1.F, and 150.2(b)1.G and either: FS7 A. Replaces all existing gas and electric resistance primary heating systems with a hybrid gas and electric heat pump system; or B. Is an electric-heat pump system in tandem with a gas furnace and controls to use the gas furnace for backup heat only. Heat Pump Clothes Dryer: Replace existing electric resistance or gas clothes dryer with heat pump dryer with no resistance element and FS8 cap gas line. FS9 Induction Cooktop: Replace all existing gas and electric resistance stove tops with inductive stove top and cap the gas line. PV. A Solar PV: Install a solar PV system that meets the requirements of Section 150.1(c)14.

A new Subsection, (x), is added to Section 150.0 as follows:

(x) Electric Readiness for Alterations.

1. Electric range. Where branch circuits or receptacles are added or altered in a kitchen and the work requires a building permit, install electrical components in accordance with the California Electrical Code. The electrical components shall include either of the following:

   A. A 125 volt, 20 amp electrical receptacle that is connected to the electric panel with a 120/240 volt 3 conductor branch circuit rated at 50 amps minimum, within three feet from the appliance and accessible to the appliance with no obstructions. Both ends of the unused conductor shall be labeled with the word “

   B. A pathway for a future 240 volt 50 amp minimum branch circuit that shall consist of either conductors or raceway from the main electrical service panel. The main electric panel shall have space reserved to allow for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future electric range installation. The reserved space shall be permanently marked as “For Future 240V use.” The raceway or conductors shall terminate at a junction box within three feet of the appliance. The blank cover shall be identified as “240V ready.”

   2. Electric dryer. Where a branch circuit is added or altered within three feet of a gas or propane clothes dryer and the work requires a building permit, install electrical components in accordance with the California Electrical Code. The electrical components shall include either of the following:

   A. A dedicated 125 volt, 20 amp electrical receptacle that is connected to the electric panel with a 120/240 volt 3 conductor branch circuit rated at 30 amps minimum, within three feet from the appliance and accessible to the appliance with no obstructions. Both ends of the unused conductor shall be labeled with the word “spare” and be electrically isolated. Space shall be reserved for a single pole circuit breaker in the electrical panel adjacent to the circuit breaker for the branch circuit and labeled with the words “Future Use;” or

   B. A pathway for a future 240 volt 30 amp minimum branch circuit that shall consist of either conductors or raceway from the main electrical service panel. The main electric panel shall have space reserved to allow for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future heat pump dryer installation. The reserved space shall be permanently marked as “For Future 240V use.” The raceway or conductors shall terminate at a junction box within three feet of the appliance. The blank cover shall be identified as “240V ready.”

   3. Heat pump water heater.

A. If wall framing is removed or replaced within three feet of a gas or propane water heating appliance, space suitable for the future installation of a heat pump water heater (HPWH) shall be provided. The space shall be at least two and one-half feet by two and one-half feet wide and seven feet tall and shall include a condensate drain that is no more than two inches higher than the base of an installed water heater and allows natural draining without pump assistance or installed piping or tubing within three feet of the water heater location to a condensate drain or exterior location. If pump assistance is needed, a receptacle on a 120 volt, minimum 15 amp branch circuit for a condensate pump must be available within three feet of the water heater location.

B. Where branch circuits are altered or added within three feet of an existing gas or propane water heater or within ten feet of the

designated future location of a heat pump water heater as required under Section 150.0(x)3.A, and the work requires a building permit, install electrical components in accordance with the California Electrical Code. The electrical components shall include either of the following:

i. A dedicated 125 volt, 20 amp electrical receptacle that is connected to the electric panel with a 120/240 volt 3 conductor, 10 AWG

copper branch circuit rated at 30 amps minimum, within three feet from the water heater and accessible to the water heater with no obstructions. Both ends of the unused conductor shall be labeled with the word “spare” and be electrically isolated. Space shall be reserved for a single pole circuit breaker space in the electrical panel adjacent to the circuit breaker for the branch circuit and labeled with the words “Future 240V Use;” or

ii. A pathway for a future 240 volt 30 amp minimum branch circuit that shall consist of either conductors or raceway from the main

electrical service panel. The main electric panel shall have space reserved to allow for the installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future HPWH installation. The reserved space shall be permanently marked as “For Future 240V use.” The pathway shall terminate at a junction box within three feet of the appliance. The blank cover shall be identified as “240V ready”.

Exception 1 to Section 150.0(x): The project is the result of a repair as defined by Title 24 Part 2 Section 202.

Exception 2 to Section 150.0(x): If a building permit, is not otherwise required for the project other than compliance with this section.

Exception 4 to Section 150.0(x): The project is the result of a safety improvement to remove a known hazard.

Exception 5 to Section 150.0(x): Mobile homes, manufactured housing, or factory-built housing as defined in Division 13 of the California

Health and Safety 12 Code (commencing with Section 17000 of the Health and Safety Code).

Exception 6 to Section 150.0(x): Emergency housing pursuant to Appendix P of the California Building Code.

Exception 7 to Section 150.0(x): Creation of a new accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit that is within the existing space of a single family dwelling or accessory structure and includes an expansion of not more than 150 square feet beyond the same physical dimensions as the existing accessory structure. An expansion beyond the physical dimensions of the existing accessory structure shall be limited to accommodating ingress and egress. Or, if the project would not otherwise be a covered single-family project were it not for the inclusion of an accessory dwelling unit or junior accessory dwelling unit that meets the criteria above.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

The requirements of PAMC 16.17.140 shall apply to building permit applications submitted to the city on or after January 1, 2027 and shall apply to all building permit applications submitted to the city on or after that date.

Section 160.9 of Subchapter 10 of the California Energy Code is amended to read:

Mandatory requirements for electric-ready buildings apply to newly constructed buildings and substantial remodels.

Section 160.9 Sections (a) - (f) are adopted without amendments.

(Ord. 5681 § 5, 2025)

(a) Exemption. If an applicant for a covered project believes that circumstances exist that makes it infeasible to meet the requirements of this chapter, the applicant may request an exemption as set forth below. In applying for an exemption, the burden is on the applicant to show infeasibility.

(b) Application. If an applicant for a covered project believes such circumstances exist, the applicant may apply for an exemption at the time of application submittal in accordance with the Planning and Development Services administrative guidelines. The applicant shall indicate the maximum threshold of compliance the energy compliance design professional believes is feasible for the covered project and the circumstances that make it infeasible to fully comply with this chapter. Circumstances that constitute infeasibility include, but are not limited to the following:

(1) There is conflict with the compatibility of the currently adopted California Building Standards Code;

(2) There is a lack of commercially available materials and technologies to comply with the requirements of this chapter;

(3) Applying the requirements of this chapter would effectuate an unconstitutional taking of property or otherwise have an unconstitutional

application to the property.

(c) Granting of Exemption. If the Director of Planning and Development Services, or designee, determines that it is infeasible for the applicant to fully meet the requirements of this chapter based on the information provided, the Director, or designee, shall determine the maximum feasible threshold of compliance reasonably achievable for the project. The decision of the Director, or designee, shall be provided to the applicant in writing. If an exemption is granted, the applicant shall be required to comply with this chapter in all other respects and shall be required to achieve, in accordance with this chapter, the threshold of compliance determined to be achievable by the Director or designee.

(d) Denial of Exemption. If the Director of Planning and Development Services or designee determines that it is reasonably possible for the applicant to fully meet the requirements of this chapter, the request shall be denied, and the Director or designee shall so notify the applicant in writing. The project and compliance documentation shall be modified to comply with this chapter prior to further review of any pending planning or building application.

(e) Council Review of Exemption. For any covered project that requires review and action by the City Council, the Council shall act to grant or deny the exemption, based on the criteria outlined above, after recommendation by the Director of Planning and Development Services.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

(a) Any aggrieved applicant may appeal the determination of the Director of Planning and Development Services or designee regarding the granting or denial of an exemption pursuant to Section 16.17.170.

(b) Any appeal must be filed in writing with the Planning and Development Services Department not later than 14 days after the date of the determination by the Director. The appeal shall state the alleged error or reason for the appeal.

(c) The appeal shall be processed and considered by the City Council in accordance with the provisions of Section18.77.070(f) of the City of Palo Alto Municipal Code.

(Ord. 5665 § 2 (part), 2025)

Chapter 16.18

2024 INTERNATIONAL SWIMMING POOL AND SPA CODE (ISPSC)*

Sections:

16.18.010 2024 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) adopted in part and amended.

• Editor’s Note: Prior ordinance history: Ordinance No. 5569

16.18.010 2024 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) adopted in part and amended.

Chapters 1 through 3 and Chapters 7 through 11 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2024 Edition, are adopted and hereby incorporated into this chapter by reference and made a part hereof as if fully set forth herein. The provisions of this chapter shall constitute local amendments to the referenced provisions of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2024 Edition.

One copy of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2024 Edition, has been filed for use and examination by the public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to comply with any of the requirements of this chapter or any permits, conditions, or variances granted under this chapter. Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties authorized by law, including but not limited to: administrative enforcement pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code; and criminal enforcement pursuant toChapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of this chapter occurs or continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense.

When the chief building official determines that a violation of this chapter has occurred, the chief building official may record a notice of pendency of code violation with the Office of the County Recorder stating the address and owner of the property involved. When the violation has been corrected, the chief building official shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of code violation.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

The employee positions designated in this section are authorized to exercise the authority provided in California Penal Code Section 836.5 for violations of this chapter. The designated employee positions are: (1) chief building official, (2) assistant chief building official, (3) building inspection manager, and (4) code enforcement officer.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

The International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2024 Edition, is hereby amended to refer to those building regulations adopted by the California Building Standards Commission in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, as follows:

1. Where the term "International Building Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Building Code (CBC)."

2. Where the term "International Residential Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Residential Code."

3. Where the term "International Plumbing Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Plumbing Code."

4. Where the term "International Energy Conservation Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Energy Code."

5. Where the term "International Fire Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Fire Code."

6. Where the term "International Fuel Gas Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Plumbing Code."

7. Where the term "International Mechanical Code" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Mechanical Code."

8. Where the term "NFPA 70" is used it shall be replaced with the term "California Electrical Code."

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

In the event of any conflict between this Chapter and provisions of the California Health and Safety Code or the building regulations adopted by the California Building Standards Commission in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, the provisions of the Health and Safety Code and Title 24 shall prevail.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the 2025 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04, and any sections of the 2024 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code that are adopted by the City of Palo Alto in this Chapter 16.18.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 101.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:

101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code of the City of Palo Alto, hereinafter referred to as "this code."

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 105.1.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

105.1.1 Agreements to build; notice of provisions. Any person entering into an agreement to build a swimming pool or spa, or to engage in permitted work on a pool or spa covered by this article, shall give the consumer notice of the requirements of this code.

Pursuant to existing law, the California Department of Health Services shall have available on the department's web site, commencing January 1, 2007, approved pool safety information available for consumers to download. Pool contractors are encouraged to share this information with consumers regarding the potential dangers a pool or spa poses toddlers. Additionally, pool contractors may provide the consumer with swimming pool safety materials produced from organizations such as the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, Drowning Prevention Foundation, California Coalition for Children's Safety & Health, Safe Kids Worldwide, Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, or the American Academy of Pediatrics. [CBC 3109.1, 115924]

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 111.17 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

111.17 Final Approval. Prior to the issuance of any final approval for the completion of permitted construction or remodeling work, the code official shall inspect the drowning safety prevention devices required and if no violations are found, shall give final approval. [CBC 3109.1, 15922(b)]

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 301.1.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

301.1.2 Conflicts. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of the Swimming Pool Safety Act, the International Swimming Pool and Spa

Code, 2024 Edition, the 2025 California Building Code, or the 2025 California Residential Code, the Building Official shall implement the most restrictive measures cited.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 303.3.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

303.3.1 Operating time. The time switch or other control mechanism shall be installed as part of a pool water circulation control system that will

allow all pumps to be set or programmed to run only during off-peak electric demand period, and for the minimum time necessary to maintain the water in the condition required by applicable public health standards. [California Energy Code (CEnC) 110.4(b)4ii]

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 303.1.3 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:

303.1.3 Covers. Outdoor pools and outdoor spas shall be provided with a vapor retardant cover.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 305.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:

305.2 Outdoor swimming pools and spas. All outdoor pools and spas and indoor swimming pools shall be surrounded by a barrier that complies with Sections 305.2.1 through 305.7. [CBC 3109.1, 115922]. Refer to 305.9 for additional drowning prevention safety features.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 305.9 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

305.9 Private swimming pools.

Whenever a building permit is issued for construction of a new swimming pool or spa, or any building permit is issued for remodeling of an existing pool or spa, at a private, single-family home, it shall be equipped with at least two of the following seven drowning prevention safety features:

1. The pool/spa shall be isolated from access to a home by an enclosure that meets the requirements of Section 305.10.

2. The pool shall incorporate removable mesh pool fencing that meets ASTM F2286 in conjunction with a gate that is self-closing and self-

latching and can accommodate a key lockable device.

3. The pool shall be equipped with an approved safety pool cover that meets all requirements of the ASTM F 1346-23 standards.

4. The residence shall be equipped with exit alarms on those doors and windows providing direct access to the pool and spa without any

intervening enclosure. Whenever any door or window is opened or left ajar, exit alarms shall make either an audible, continuous alarm sound or a repeating verbal warning, such as a repeating notification that “the door to the pool is open.”

5. All doors providing direct access from the home to the swimming pool or spa shall be equipped with a self-closing, self-latching device with a

release mechanism placed no lower than 54 inches (1,372 mm) above the floor.

6. An alarm that, when placed in a swimming pool or spa, will sound upon detection of accidental or unauthorized entrance into the water. The

alarm shall meet and be independently certified to the ASTM Standard F2208 “Standard Safety Specification for Residential Pool Alarms,” which

includes surface motion, pressure, sonar, laser, and infrared type alarms. A swimming protection alarm feature designed for individual use, including an alarm attached to a child that sounds when the child exceeds a certain distance or becomes submerged in water, is not a qualifying drowning prevention safety feature.

7. Other means of protection, if the degree of protection afforded is equal to or greater than that afforded by any of the devices set forth in

items 1 - 4 and have been independently verified by an approved testing laboratory as meeting standards for those devices established by the ASTM or ASME.

Exceptions:

1. Public swimming pools.

2. Hot tubs or spas with locking safety covers that comply with the ASTM ES 13-89. b)]

3. An apartment complex, or any residential setting other than a single-family home.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 305.10 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

305.10 Enclosure. The enclosure for private swimming pools shall have all of the following characteristics:

1. Any access gates through the enclosure open away from the swimming pool and are self-closing with a self-latching device placed no lower

than 60 inches (1,524 mm) above the ground.

2. A minimum height of 60 inches (1,524 mm).

3. A maximum vertical clearance from the ground to the bottom of the enclosure of two inches (51 mm).

4. Gaps or voids, if any, do not allow passage of a sphere equal to or greater than four inches (102 mm) in diameter.

5. An outside surface free of protrusions, cavities or other physical characteristics that would serve as handholds or footholds that could enable

a child below the age of five years to climb over.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 311.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

311.2 Construction requirements for building a pool or spa. Whenever a building permit is issued for the construction of a new private swimming pool or spa, the pool or spa shall meet all of the following requirements:

(a) (1) The suction outlets of the pool or spa for which the permit is issued shall be equipped to provide circulation throughout the pool or spa

as prescribed in paragraphs (2) and (3).

(2) The swimming pool or spa shall either have at least two circulation suction outlets per pump that shall be hydraulically balanced and

symmetrically plumbed through one or more “T” fittings, and that are separated by a distance of at least three feet in any dimension between the suction outlets, or be designed to use alternatives to suction outlets, including, but not limited to, skimmers or perimeter overflow systems to conduct water to the recirculation pump.

(3) The circulation system shall have the capacity to provide a complete turnover of pool water, as specified in Section 3124B of Chapter 31B

of the California Building Code (Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations).

(4) Suction outlets shall be covered with anti-entrapment grates, as specified in the ANSI/APSP-16 performance standard or successor

standard designated by the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, that cannot be removed except with the use of tools. Slots or openings in the grates or similar protective devices shall be of a shape, area, and arrangement that would prevent physical entrapment and would not pose any suction hazard to bathers.

(b) Any backup safety system that an owner of a new swimming pool or spa may choose to install in addition to the requirements set forth in

subdivisions (a) and (b) shall meet the standards as published in the document, “Guidelines for Entrapment Hazards: Making Pools and Spas Safer,” Publication Number 363, March 2005, United States Consumer Product Safety Commission.

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 317.2.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:

317.2.1 Certification and installation.

(a) Certification by manufacturers. Heating systems and equipment shall be certified by the manufacturer that the heating system and

equipment complies with the following:

1. Efficiency. A thermal efficiency that complies with the Appliance Efficiency Regulations in Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4 of the

California Code of Regulations; and [CEnC 110.4(a)1].

2. On-off switch. A readily accessible on-off switch, mounted on the outside of the heater that allows shutting off the heater without adjusting

the thermostat setting; and [CEnC 110.4(a) 2].

3. Instructions. A permanent, easily readable and weatherproof plate or card that gives instruction for the energy efficient operation of the

pool or spa heater and for the proper care of pool or spa water when a cover is used; and [CEnC 110.4(a)3].

(b) Installation. Any pool or spa system or equipment shall be installed with all of the following:

1. Heating equipment: Equipment installed to heat water for pools and/or spas shall be selected from equipment meeting the standards

shown in Table 110.4-A. [CEnC 110.4(b)1].

Table 110.4-A Heating Equipment Standards

Heating Energy Source Standard

Electric Resistance UL1261 Gas-fired ANSI Z21.56/CSA 4.7a AHRI 1161 and one of the following: CSA C22.2 No. 236, UL1995, or UL/CSA Heat Pump 60335-2-40 ICC/APSP902/SRCC 400 for solar pool heaters, ICC 901/SRCC100 for solar Solar collectors

2. Piping. At least 18 inches of horizontal or vertical pipe shall be installed between the filter and the heater or dedicated suction and return

lines, or built-in or built-up connections shall be installed to allow for the future addition of solar heating equipment. [CEnC 110.4(b)2].

3. Covers. A cover for outdoor pools or outdoor spas.

4. Directional inlets. The swimming pool shall have directional inlets that adequately mix the pool water. [CEnC 110.4(b)4i].

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 504.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:

504.1 Emergency shutoff switch. One emergency shutoff switch shall be provided to disconnect power to circulation and jet system pumps and air blowers. Emergency shutoff switches shall be clearly labeled, accessible, located within sight of the spa and shall be located not less than five feet (1,524 mm) but not greater than ten feet (3,048 mm) horizontally from the inside walls of the spa. [California Electrical Code (CEC), 680.41].

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)

Section 903 to 908 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code are added as follows:

SECTION 903

MATERIALS

903.1 Pumps and motors. Pumps and motors shall be listed and labeled for use in spas.

SECTION 904

STRUCTURE AND DESIGN

904.1 Water depth. The maximum water depth for spas shall be four feet (1,219 mm) measured from thedesign waterline except for spas that are designed for special purposes and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The water depth for exercise spas shall not exceed six feet six inches (1,981 mm) measured from the design waterline.

904.2 Multilevel seating. Where multilevel seating is provided, the maximum water depth of any seat or sitting bench shall be 28 inches (711 mm) measured from the design waterline to the lowest measurable point.

904.3 Floor slope. The slope of the floor shall not exceed 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3-percent slope). Where multilevel floors are provided, the change in depth shall be indicated.

SECTION 905

PUMPS AND MOTORS

905.1 Emergency shutoff switch. One emergency shutoff switch shall be provided to disconnect power to circulation and jet system pumps and air blowers. Emergency shutoff switches shall be accessible, located within sight of the spa and shall be located not less than five feet (1,524 mm) but not greater than ten feet (3,048 mm) horizontally from the inside walls of the spa.

Timer. The operation of the hydrotherapy jets shall be limited by a cycle timer having a maximum setting of ten minutes. The cycle timer shall be located not less than five feet (1,524 mm) away, adjacent to, and within sight of the spa.

SECTION 906

RETURN AND SUCTION FITTINGS

906.1 Return fittings. Return fittings shall be provided and arranged to facilitate a uniform circulation of water and maintain a uniform sanitizer residual throughout the entire spa or exercise spa.

906.2 Suction fittings. Suction fittings shall be in accordance with Sections 505.2.1 through 505.2.4.

906.2.1 Testing and certification. Suction fittings shall be listed and labeled in accordance with APSP 16.

906.2.2 Installation. Suction fittings shall be sized and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. Spas and exercise spas

shall not be used or operated if the suction outlet cover is missing, damaged, broken or loose.

906.2.3 Outlets per pump. Suction fittings shall be provided in accordance with Section 311.

906.2.4 Submerged vacuum fittings. Submerged vacuum fittings shall be in accordance with Section 311.

SECTION 907

HEATER AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS

907.1 General. This section pertains to fuel-fired and electric appliances used for heating spa or exercise spa water.

907.2 Water temperature controls. Components provided for water temperature controls shall be suitable for the intended application.

907.2.1 Water temperature regulating controls. Water temperature regulating controls shall comply with UL 873 or UL 372. A means shall be

provided to indicate the water temperature in the spa.

Exception: Water temperature regulating controls that are integral to the heating appliance andlisted in accordance with the applicable end use appliance standard.

907.2.2 Water temperature limiting controls. Water temperature limiting controls shall comply with UL 873 or UL 372. Water temperature at

the heater return outlet shall not exceed 140°F (60°C).

SECTION 908

WATER SUPPLY

908.1 Water temperature. The temperature of the incoming makeup water shall not exceed 104°F (40°C).

(Ord. 5680 § 1 (part), 2025)