Monte Sereno Municipal Code Ch. 9.01 California Building Standards Code

Footnotes:

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Editor's note— Ord. NS-248, § 2, adopted Nov. 18, 2025, repealed the former Ch. 9.01, §§ 9.01.010—9.01.070, and enacted a new Ch. 9.01 as set out herein. The former Ch. 9.01 pertained to similar subject matter and derived from: Ord. NS-230, § 2, adopted Nov. 15, 2022; and Ord. NS-231, § 2, adopted Nov. 15, 2022.

The City Council of the City of Monte Sereno hereby adopts the following Title 24 California Code of Regulations in their entirety and subject to the specified deletions, amendments, exceptions, and additions as set forth in this chapter:

• Part 1 - California Administrative Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 2 - California Building Code, 2025 Edition, including Appendices I, J, and P;

• Part 2.5 - California Residential Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 3 - California Electrical Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 4 - California Mechanical Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 5 - California Plumbing Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 6 - California Energy Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 7 - California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 8 - California Historical Building Code;

• Part 9 - California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, including Appendices B, C, D, and O;

• Part 10 - California Existing Building Code, 2025 Edition;

• Part 11 - California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), 2025 Edition;

• Part 12 - California Referenced Standards Code, 2025 Edition;

• International Property Maintenance Code, 2024 edition as published by the International Code Council; and

• Title 25 California Code of Regulations, Division 1, Chapter 1, Sub-chapter 1, State Housing Law Regulations.

A copy of the adopted provisions of this code shall be filed for use and examination by the public in the office of the City Building Official.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, Part 2, California Building Standards Code, 2025 Edition, is hereby amended in the following manner:

Section 903.2 is amended to read as follows:

903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new and existing buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this Section or in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12 whichever is the more restrictive and Sections 903.2.14 through 903.2.21.

For the purposes of this section, firewalls and fire barriers used to separate building areas shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and shall be without openings or penetrations.

1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings and structures, other than Group R occupancies, except as follows:

a. Buildings and structures not located in any Wildland-Urban Interface and not exceeding 1,200 square feet of fire area.

b. Buildings and structures located in any Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area and not exceeding 500 square feet of fire area.

c. Group S-2 or U occupancies, including photovoltaic support structures, used exclusively for vehicle parking which meet all of the following:

i. Noncombustible construction.

ii. Maximum 5,000 square feet in building area.

iii. Structure is open on not less than three (3) sides nor 75% of structure perimeter.

iv. Minimum of 10 feet separation from existing buildings, or similar structures, unless area is separated by fire walls complying with California Building Code 706.

d. Canopies, constructed in accordance with CBC 406.7.2, used exclusively for weather protection of vehicle fueling pads per CBC 406.7.1 and not exceeding 5,000 square feet of fire area.

2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all new buildings with a Group R fire area.

Exception: Accessory Dwelling Unit, provided that all of the following are met:

a. The unit meets the definition of an Accessory Dwelling Unit as defined in the Government Code Section 65852.2.

b. The existing primary residence does not have automatic fire sprinklers.

The construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling in accordance with Government Code 65852.2.

3. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be installed in new manufactured homes (as defined in California Health and Safety Code Sections 18007 and 18009) and multifamily manufactured homes with two dwelling units (as defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 18008.7) in accordance with Title 25 of the California Code of Regulations.

4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout existing buildings with a Group R fire area when additions are made causing the fire area to exceed 3,600 square feet.

Exception 1: Additions where all of the following are met:

a. Building addition does not exceed 500 square feet.

b. The resultant structure meets all water supply requirements of Chapter 5 and Appendix B of the 2022 California Fire Code.

Exception 2: The construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling accordance with Gov. Code 65852.2.

5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout existing Group A, B, E, F, L, M, S and U buildings and structures, when additions are made that increase the fire area to more than 3,600 square feet or that create conditions described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18.

6. Any change in the character of occupancy or in use of any building with a fire area equal to or greater than 3,600 square feet which, in the opinion of the fire code official or building official, would place the building into a more hazardous division of the same occupancy group or into a different group of occupancies and constitutes a greater degree of life safety 1 or increased fire risk 2 , shall require the installation of an approved fire automatic fire sprinkler system. However, the construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling accordance with Gov. Code 65852.2.

1 Life Safety - Shall include, but not limited to: Increased occupant load, public assembly areas, public meeting areas, churches, indoor amusement attractions, buildings with complex exiting systems due to increased occupant loads, large schools/day-care facilities, large residential care facilities housing non-ambulatory clients.

2 Fire Risks - Shall include, but not limited to: High-piled combustible storage, woodworking operations, hazardous operations using hazardous materials, increased fuel loads (storage of moderate to highly combustible materials), increased sources of ignition (welding, automotive repair with the use of flammable liquids and open flames).

Section 1505.1.2 is amended to read:

1505.1.2 Roof coverings in all other areas. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class A.

Section 1505.1.3 is amended to read:

1505.1.3 Roofing coverings within the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class A.

Roofing requirements for structures located in a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area shall also comply with the 2025 California Wildland-Urban Interface Code as adopted in Section 9.01.045.

Section 1705.3 is amended to read:

1705.3 Concrete Construction. Special inspections and tests of concrete construction shall be performed in accordance with this section and Table 1705.3.

Exceptions: Special inspections and tests shall not be required for:

1. Isolated spread concrete footings of buildings three stories or less above grade plane that are fully supported on earth or rock, where the structural design of the footing is based on a specified compressive strength, f' c , no greater than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17.2 MPa).

2. Continuous concrete footings supporting walls of buildings three stories or less above grade plane that are fully supported on earth or rock where:

2.1.

The footings support walls of light-frame construction;

2.2.

The footings are designed in accordance with Table 1809.7; or

2.3.

The structural design of the footing is based on a specified compressive strength, f' c , no greater than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17.2 MPa), regardless of the compressive strength specified in the construction documents or used in the footing construction.

3. Nonstructural concrete slabs supported directly on the ground, including prestressed slabs on grade, where the effective prestress in the concrete is less than 150 psi (1.03 MPa).

4. Concrete foundation walls constructed in accordance with Table 1807.1.6.2.

5. Concrete patios, driveways and sidewalks, on grade.

Section 1905.6.2 is amended to read:

1905.6.2 Seismic Design Categories C, D, E and F

Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F shall not have elements of structural plain concrete, except as follows:

1. Omitted.

2. Isolated footings of plain concrete supporting pedestals or columns are permitted, provided the projection of the footing beyond the face of the supported member does not exceed the footing thickness.

3. Plain concrete footing supporting walls are permitted, provided the footings have at least two continuous longitudinal reinforcing bars. Bars shall not be smaller than No. 4 and shall have a total area of not less than 0.002 times the gross cross-sectional area of the footing. A minimum of one bar shall be provided at the top and bottom of the footing. Continuity of reinforcement shall be provided at corners and intersections.

Table 2308.10.1 is amended to read:

The title of Table 2308.10.1 is amended to read:

TABLE 2308.10.1a, f, g

Footnotes "f" and "g" are added to Table 2308.6.1, to read as follows:

f. Methods PBS, HPS, and SFB are not permitted in Seismic Design Categories D or E.

g. Methods GB, DWB, and PCP are not permitted in Seismic Design Category E.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, Part 2.5, California Residential Code, 2025 Edition, is hereby amended in the following manner:

Section R309.1 is amended to read:

R313.1 Townhouse automatic fire sprinkler systems. An automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be installed in all new townhouses and in existing townhouses when additions are made that increase the building area to more than 3,600 square feet.

Exception 1: Building additions that do not exceed 500 square feet and the resultant structure meets all water supply requirements of Chapter 5 and Appendix B of the 2025 California Fire Code.

Exception 2: The construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling accordance with Gov. Code 65852.2.

Section R309.2 is amended to read:

R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in all new one- and two-family dwellings and existing one- and two-family dwellings when additions are made that increase the fire area to more than 3,600 square feet.

Exceptions:

1. Accessory Dwelling Unit, provided that all of the following are met:

1.1.

The unit meets the definition of an Accessory Dwelling Unit as defined in the Government Code Section 65852.2.

1.2.

The existing primary residence does not have automatic fire sprinklers.

2. When additions are made to existing structures, causing the fire area to exceed 3,600 square feet, and all of the following are met:

2.1.

Building addition does not exceed 500 square feet.

2.2.

The resultant structure meets all water supply requirements of Chapter 5 and Appendix B of the 2022 California Fire Code.

3. The construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling.

Section R319.1 is amended to delete exceptions and #5 in their entirety.

Section R330.3.1 is amended as follows:

R330.3.1 Spacing. Individual ESS units shall be separated from each other by at least 3 feet (914 mm) except where separation distances are documented to be adequate based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

Section R330.4 is amended as follows:

R330.4 Location.

ESS shall be installed only in the following locations:

1. Detached garages and detached accessory structures.

2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space in accordance with Section R302.6.

3. Outdoors or on the exterior side of exterior walls located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from doors and windows directly entering the dwelling unit and shall not be located below or above any emergency escape and rescue openings.

4. Enclosed utility closets, basements, and storage or utility spaces within dwelling units and sleeping units with finished or noncombustible walls and ceilings. Walls and ceilings of unfinished wood-framed construction shall be provided with not less than ⅝-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum wallboard. Openings into the dwelling shall be equipped with solid wood doors not less than 1-⅜ inches (35 mm) in thickness, solid or honeycomb-core steel doors not less than 1-⅜ inches (35 mm) in thickness, or doors with a 20-minute fire protection rating. Doors shall be self-latching and equipped with a self-closing or an automatic-closing device. Penetrations through the required gypsum wallboard into the dwelling shall be protected as required by Section R302.11, Item 4.

ESS shall not be installed in sleeping rooms, or in closets or spaces opening directly into sleeping rooms. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)

Section R330.7 is amended as follows:

R330.7 Fire detection. Rooms and areas within dwelling units, basements and attached garages in which ESS are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in accordance with Section R310. A heat detector, listed and interconnected to the smoke alarms, shall be installed in locations within dwelling units and attached garages where smoke alarms cannot be installed based on their listing.

[SFM] ESS installed in Group R-3 and townhomes shall comply with the following:

1. Rooms and areas within dwellings units, sleeping units, basements and attached garages in which ESS are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in accordance with Section R314.

2. A listed heat alarm interconnected to the smoke alarms shall be installed in locations within dwelling units, sleeping units and attached garages where smoke alarms cannot be installed based on their listing.

Exceptions:

1. A listed heat detector may be used in place of a heat alarm, so long as it is interconnected with devices that provide an audible alarm at all sleeping areas.

2. A fire sprinkler associated with an approved automatic sprinkler system that triggers an audible alarm upon activation of the waterflow switch, may be used in place of a heat alarm.

Table R602.10.3(3) is amended to read:

Table R602.10.3(3) Bracing Requirements Based On Seismic Design Category is amended to read as follows:

The title of Table R602.10.3(3) is amended to read:

TABLE R602.10.3(3)i, j

Footnotes "i" and "j" are added to Table R602.10.3(3), to read:

i. Methods PBS, HPS, SFB and CS-SFB are not permitted in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2.

j. Methods GB, DWB and PCP are not permitted in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2 where S1 is greater than or equal to 0.75.

Section R602.10.4.5 is added to read:

R602.10.4.5 Limits on methods GB and PCP. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2, Method GB is not permitted, but gypsum board is permitted to be placed on the opposite side of the studs from other types of braced wall panel sheathing. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2, the use of Method PCP is limited to one-story dwellings and accessory structures.

Section R902.1.2 is amended to read:

R902.1.2 Roof coverings in all other areas. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class A fire classification.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, Part 7, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, 2025 Edition, is hereby amended in the following manner:

Section 101.2 Scope is amended to read as follows:

[A]101.2 Scope. This code applies to building materials, systems and/or assemblies used in the exterior design and construction of new buildings, and additions or alterations to existing buildings, located within a wildland-urban interface (WUI) area and contains minimum requirements to mitigate conditions that might cause a fire originating in a structure to ignite vegetation in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) area, and conversely, a wildfire burning in vegetative fuels to transmit fire to buildings and threaten to destroy life, overwhelm fire suppression capabilities or result in large property losses.

Section 101.3.1 is amended to delete Exception 5.

Section 101.3.1.1 is amended to read as follows:

101.3.1.1 Application date and where required. New buildings for which an application for a building permit is submitted on or after July 1, 2008, located in any Fire Hazard Severity Zone or Wildland-Urban Interface Area shall comply with this code, including all of the following areas:

All unincorporated lands designated by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection as State Responsibility Area (SRA), including:

Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones. High Fire Hazard Severity Zones.

Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones.

All incorporated lands designated by the City of Monte Sereno as a Wildland-Urban Interface area, including Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Severity zones.

Section 501.1 is amended to read:

501.1 Scope. Buildings and structures shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and this code.

Exceptions:

1. Group U accessory structures not exceeding 120 square feet (11 m 2 ) in floor area where located not less than 50 feet (15,240 mm) from applicable buildings.

2. Group U agricultural buildings not less than 50 feet (15,240 mm) from applicable buildings.

Section 604.2 is amended to read:

604.2 Application. Buildings and structures located in the following areas shall maintain the required hazardous vegetation and fuel management:

1. All unincorporated lands designated as a State Responsibility Area (SRA).

2. Land designated as a Moderate, High, or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone by a city or local agency.

3. Land designated in a city of local agency ordinance as a wildland-urban interface (WUI) area, shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and this code.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, Part 9, California Fire Code, 2025 Edition, is hereby amended in the following manner:

Chapter 1 Scope and Administration

Table 105.5.9 is amended to read as follows:

TABLE 105.5.9 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES

Table 105.5.22 is amended to read:

TABLE 105.5.22 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

a. 22 gallons when Table 5003.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 5003.5 are provided for quantities of 22 gallons or less.

b. 220 pounds when Table 5003.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in accordance with Section 5003.5 are provided for quantities of 220 pounds or less.

Section 105.5.60 is added to read:

105.5.60 Institutions. An operational permit is required to operate any health facility as defined in Section 1250 of the California Health and Safety Code, with an occupant load of more than six (6) persons, or to operate any jail or facility where personal liberties of the occupants are restrained. See California Code of Regulations Title 24 Part 2.

Section 105.5.61 is added to read:

105.5.61 Residential care facility. An operational permit is required to operate any residential care or service facility, as described in the California Building Code, accommodating more than six (6) persons.

Section 105.6.4 is amended to read as follows:

105.6.4 Cryogenic fluids. A construction permit is required for installation of or alteration to cryogenic fluid storage systems where the system capacity exceeds the amounts listed in Table 105.5.11. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered to be an alteration and does not require a construction permit.

Section 109.5 is added to read as follows:

109.5 Final inspection. No final inspection as to all or any portion of a development shall be deemed completed until the installation of the required fire protection facilities and access ways have been completed and approved. No final certificate of occupancy may be granted until the Fire Department issues notice of final clearance of such fire protection facilities and access ways to the Building Department.

Section 113.4 is amended to read as follows:

113.4 Violation Penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this Code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the Fire Code Official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this Code, shall be subject to code enforcement action by the City in accordance with Title 5 of the Monte Sereno Municipal Code. Persons committing such violation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $1000 or by imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both fine and imprisonment, unless the violation is made an infraction by the prosecuting authority.

Chapter 2 Definitions

Section 202 is amended to include the following definitions:

CORROSIVE LIQUID. Corrosive liquid is:

1. any liquid which, when in contact with living tissue, will cause destruction or irreversible alteration of such tissue by chemical action; or

2. any liquid having a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; or

3. any liquid classified as corrosive by the U.S. Department of Transportation; or

4. any material exhibiting the characteristics of corrosivity in accordance with Title 22, California Code of Regulations § 66261.22.

HEALTH HAZARD—OTHER. A hazardous material which affects target organs of the body, including, but not limited to, those materials which produce liver damage, kidney damage, damage to the nervous system, act on the blood to decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissue of oxygen or affect reproductive capabilities, including mutations (chromosomal damage), sensitizers or teratogens (effect on fetuses).

LARGE-SCALE FIRE TESTING. Testing a representative energy storage system that induces a significant fire into the device under test and evaluates whether the fire will spread to adjacent energy storage system units, surrounding equipment, or through an adjacent fire-resistance-rated barrier.

MODERATELY TOXIC GAS. A chemical or substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air more than 2000 parts per million but not more than 7,500 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, when administered by continuous inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. Secondary containment is that level of containment that is external to and separate from primary containment and is capable of safely and securely containing the material, without discharge, for a period of time reasonably necessary to ensure detection and remedy of the primary containment failure.

SPILL CONTROL. That level of containment that is external to and separate from the primary containment and is capable of safely and securely containing the contents of the largest container and prevents the materials from spreading to other parts of the room.

WORKSTATION. A defined space or an independent principal piece of equipment using flammable or unstable (Class 3 or 4 as ranked by NFPA 704) hazardous materials where a specific function, laboratory procedure or research activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous materials storage cabinets, flammable liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a workstation are included as part of the workstation. A workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire protection devices, detection devices, electrical devices and other processing and scientific equipment.

Chapter 5 Fire Service Features

SECTION 503 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS

Section 503.1 is amended to read as follows:

503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3 and in accordance with the fire department's access standards.

Section 503.1.1 is amended to read as follows:

503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire apparatus access roads shall be provided for every facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall comply with the requirements for this section and shall extend to within 150 feet (45,720 mm) of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of the building as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility.

Exceptions:

1. In other than R-3 or U occupancies, when the building is equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system, installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 the dimension may be increased to a maximum of 300 feet when approved by the fire code official.

2. When there are not more than two Group R-3 or accessory Group U occupancies, the dimension may be increased to a maximum of 200 feet.

3. When apparatus roads cannot be installed because of topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, an approved alternative means of fire protection shall be provided.

Section 503.2.1 is amended to read as follows:

503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet (6,096 mm) for engines, and 26 feet (7,925 mm) for aerial fire apparatus exclusive of shoulders, except for approved gates or barricades in accordance with Sections 503.5.1 and 503.6. The unobstructed vertical clearance shall be a minimum of 13 feet 6 inches (4,115 mm), or as determined by the fire code official.

Exception: When there are not more than two residential parcels, having only Group R, Division 3, or Group U occupancy structures, the access road width may be modified by the fire code official.

Section 503.2.4 is amended to read as follows:

503.2.4 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be a minimum of 30 feet (9,144 mm) inside, and a minimum of 50 feet (15,240 mm) outside.

Section 503.2.7 is amended to read as follows:

503.2.7 Grade. The maximum grade of a fire department apparatus access road shall not exceed 15 percent, unless approved by the fire code official.

Section 503.5 is amended to read as follows:

503.5 Required gates or barricades. The fire code official is authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across fire apparatus access roads, trails, or other accessways, not including the public streets, alleys, or highways. The minimum width for commercial applications is 20 feet (6,096 mm), and 12 feet (4,268 mm) for single-family dwellings. Electric gate operators, where provided shall be listed in accordance with UL 325. Gates intended for automatic operation shall be designed, constructed, and installed to comply with the requirements of ASTM F2200.

Section 503.6 is amended to read as follows:

503.6 Security gates. The installation of security gates across a fire apparatus access road shall be approved by the fire code official. Where security gates are installed, they shall have an approved means of emergency operation. The security gates and the emergency operation shall be maintained operational at all times. Electric gate operators, where provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325. Gates intended for automatic operation shall be designed, constructed and installed to comply with the requirements of ASTM F2200. The minimum width for commercial applications is 20 feet (6,096 mm), and 12 feet (4,268 mm) for single-family dwellings.

SECTION 504 ACCESS TO BUILDING OPENINGS AND ROOFS

Section 504.5 is added to read as follows:

504.5 Access Control Devices. When access control devices including bars, grates, gates, electric or magnetic locks or similar devices, which would inhibit rapid fire department emergency access within and throughout building are installed, such devices shall be approved by the fire code official. All electrically powered access control devices shall be provided with an approved means for deactivation or unlocking from a single location or otherwise approved by the fire code official. Access control devices must also comply with Chapter 10.

SECTION 505 PREMISES IDENTIFICATION

Section 505.1 is amended to read as follows:

505.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall be provided with approved address identification. The address identification shall be legible and placed in a position that is visible from the street or road fronting the property. Address identification characters shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Each character shall be not less than 6 inches (153 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of ½-inch (12.7 mm). Where required by the fire code official, address identification shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address identification shall be maintained.

The following is a guideline for adequate address number dimensions:

• The number posted up to 49 feet from the public street shall be of one solid color which is contrasting to the background and be at least six (6) inches high with a half (½) inch stroke.

• The number posted from 50 to 100 feet from the public street shall be of one solid color which is contrasting to the background and be at least six (6) inches high with a one (1) inch stroke.

• The number posted over 100 to 199 feet from the public street shall be of one solid color which is contrasting to the background and be at least ten (10) inches high with a one and a half (1½) inch stroke.

• The number posted over 200 to 299 feet from the public street shall be of one solid color which is contrasting to the background and be at least ten (18) inches high with a [two] one and a half (2) inch stroke.

• The number posted over 300 to 400 feet from the public street shall be of one solid color which is contrasting to the background and be at least ten (24) inches high with a [two] one and a half (2½) inch stroke.

SECTION 510 EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNICATION COVERAGE

Section 510.1 is amended to read as follows:

510.1 Emergency responder communication coverage in new buildings. Approved in-building emergency responder communications enhancement system (ERCES) for emergency responders shall be provided within all buildings meeting any one of the following conditions:

1. There are more than 3 stories above grade plane (as defined by the Building Code Section 202);

2. The total building area is 30,000 square feet or more;

3. The total basement area is 5,000 square feet or more;

4. Where required by the fire code official and radio coverage signal strength levels are not consistent with the minimum levels set forth in Section 510.4.1.

Exceptions:

1. Where approved by the fire code official, a wired communication system in accordance with Section 907.2.13.2 shall be permitted to be installed or maintained in lieu of an approved communications coverage system.

2. Where it is determined by the fire code official that the communications coverage system is not needed.

3. In facilities where emergency responder communications coverage is required and such systems, components or equipment required could have a negative impact on the normal operations of that facility, the fire code official shall have the authority to accept an automatically activated emergency responder communications coverage system.

4. One-story buildings not exceeding 12,000 square feet (1,115 m 2 ) with no below-ground area(s). Buildings and areas of buildings that have minimum radio coverage signal strength levels of the Silicon Valley Regional Interoperability Authority (SVRIA) P25 Phase 2 700 MHz Digital Trunked Radio System within the building in accordance with Section 510.4.1 without the use of an indoor radio coverage system.

The radio coverage system shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Sections 510.4 through 510.6.4 of this code and with the applicable provisions of NFPA 1221, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Emergency Services Communications Systems.

In-building ERCES within the building shall be based on the existing coverage levels of the public safety communications systems utilized by the jurisdiction, measured at the exterior of the building. The ERCES, where required, shall be of a type determined by the fire code official and the frequency license holder(s). This section shall not require improvement of the existing public safety communications systems.

In-building ERCES within the building shall be based on the existing coverage levels of the public safety communications systems utilized by the jurisdiction, measured at the exterior of the building. The ERCES, where required, shall be of a type determined by the fire code official and the frequency license holder(s). This section shall not require improvement of the existing public safety communications systems.

Section 510.1.1 is added to read as follows:

510.1.1 Obstruction by new buildings. No obstruction of the public safety system backhaul shall be allowed without an approved mitigating plan.

Section 510.3 is amended to read as follows:

510.3 Permit required. A construction permit, for the installation of, or modification of, emergency responder radio coverage systems and related equipment is required as specified in Section 105.7.6. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit. A frequency change made to an existing system is considered to be new construction and will require a construction permit.

Section 510.4 is amended to read as follows:

510.4 Technical requirements. Systems, components and equipment required to provide the emergency responder radio coverage system shall comply with the current Emergency Responders Radio Coverage Systems Standard Details & Specification enforced by the Santa Clara County Fire Department.

Section 510.4.1.1 is amended to read as follows:

510.4.1.1 Minimum signal strength into the building. The minimum inbound signal strength shall be sufficient to provide usable voice communications throughout the coverage area as specified by the fire code official. The inbound signal level shall be sufficient to provide not less than a Delivered Audio Quality (DAQ) of 3.0 for analog communications and DAQ of 3.4 for digital communications systems or an equivalent Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) applicable to the technology.

Section 510.4.1.2 is amended to read as follows:

510.4.1.2 Minimum signal strength out of the building. The minimum outbound signal strength shall be sufficient to provide usable voice communications throughout the coverage area as specified by the fire code official. The outbound signal level shall be sufficient to provide not less than a DAQ of 3.0 for analog communications and DAQ of 3.4 for digital communications systems or an equivalent SINR applicable to the technology.

Section 510.5 is amended to read as follows:

510.5 Installation requirements. The installation of the emergency responder radio coverage system shall be in accordance with NFPA 1221 and the current Emergency Responder Radio Coverage Systems Standard Details & Specification enforced by the Santa Clara County Fire Department.

Section 510.5.2 is amended to read as follows:

510.5.2 Approval prior to installation. Amplification systems capable of operating on frequencies licensed to any public safety agency by the FCC or other radio licensing authority shall not be installed without prior coordination and approval of the fire code official and the agency FCC license holder or systems administrator.

The first paragraph of Section 510.5.4 is amended to read as follows:

510.5.4 Acceptance test procedure. Where an emergency responder radio coverage system is required, and upon completion of installation, the building owner shall have the radio system tested to verify that two-way coverage on each floor of the building is not less than 95 percent. Final system acceptance will require ERRCS power level and DAQ testing with agency FCC license holder, systems administrators, or designee.

Chapter 7 Fire and Smoke Protection Features

SECTION 703 Penetrations

Section 703.3 is added to read as follows:

703.3 Fire-resistant penetrations and joints. In high-rise buildings, in buildings assigned to Risk Category III or IV, or in fire areas containing Group R occupancies with an occupant load greater than 100, and other occupancies as determined necessary special inspections for through-penetrations, membrane penetration firestops, fire resistant joint systems and perimeter fire containment systems that are tested and listed in accordance with CBC Sections 714.4.1.2, 714.5.1.2, 715.3.1 and 715.4 shall be in accordance with Section 1705.18.1 or 1705.18.2.

Chapter 9 Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems

SECTION 901 GENERAL

Section 901.6.2 is amended to read as follows:

901.6.2 Integrated testing. Where two or more fire protection or life safety systems are interconnected, the intended response of subordinate fire protection and life safety systems shall be verified when required testing of the initiating system is conducted. In addition, integrated testing shall be performed in accordance with Sections 901.6.2.1 and 901.6.2.2.

901.6.2.1 High-rise buildings. For high-rise buildings, integrated testing shall comply with NFPA 4, with an integrated test performed prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy and at intervals not exceeding 10 years, unless otherwise specified by an integrated system test plan prepared in accordance with NFPA 4. If an equipment failure is detected during integrated testing, a repeat of the integrated test shall not be required, except as necessary to verify operation of fire protection or life safety functions that are initiated by equipment that was repaired or replaced. For existing buildings, the testing timeframe shall be specified by the integrated systems test plan prepared in accordance with NFPA 4 as approved by the fire code official.

901.6.2.2 Smoke control systems. Where a fire alarm system is integrated with a smoke control system as outlined in Section 909, integrated testing shall comply with NFPA 4, with an integrated test performed prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy and at intervals not exceeding 10 years, unless otherwise specified by an integrated system test plan prepared in accordance with NFPA 4. If an equipment failure is detected during integrated testing, a repeat of the integrated test shall not be required, except as necessary to verify operation of fire protection or life safety functions that are initiated by equipment that was repaired or replaced. For existing buildings, the testing timeframe shall be specified by the integrated systems test plan prepared in accordance with NFPA 4 as approved by the fire code official.

Section 901.6.3 is amended to read as follows:

901.6.3 Records Information. Records of all system inspections, tests and maintenance required by the referenced standard shall be maintained on the premises for a minimum of five years. See 907.7 & 907.8 for fire alarm system inspection, testing and maintenance documentation requirements.

SECTION 903 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Section 903.2 is amended to read as follows:

903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new and existing buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this Section or in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12 whichever is the more restrictive and Sections 903.2.14 through 903.2.21.

For the purposes of this section, firewalls and fire barriers used to separate building areas shall be constructed in accordance with the California Building Code and shall be without openings or penetrations.

1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings and structures, other than Group R occupancies, except as follows:

a. Buildings and structures not located in any Wildland-Urban Interface and not exceeding 1,200 square feet of fire area.

b. Buildings and structures located in any Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area and not exceeding 500 square feet of fire area.

c. Group S-2 or U occupancies, including photovoltaic support structures, used exclusively for vehicle parking which meet all of the following:

i. Noncombustible construction.

ii. Maximum 5,000 square feet in building area.

iii. Structure is open on not less than three (3) sides nor 75% of structure perimeter.

iv. Minimum of 10 feet separation from existing buildings, or similar structures, unless area is separated by fire walls complying with California Building Code 706.

d. Canopies, constructed in accordance with CBC 406.7.2, used exclusively for weather protection of vehicle fueling pads per CBC 406.7.1 and not exceeding 5,000 square feet of fire area.

2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all new buildings with a Group R fire area.

Exception: Accessory Dwelling Unit, provided that all of the following are met:

a. The unit meets the definition of an Accessory Dwelling Unit as defined in the Government Code Section 65852.2.

b. The existing primary residence does not have automatic fire sprinklers.

The construction of an ADU will not trigger requirements to add fire sprinklers in any existing primary dwelling or existing multifamily dwelling in accordance with Gov. Code 65852.2.

3. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be installed in new manufactured homes (as defined in California Health and Safety Code Sections 18007 and 18009) and multifamily manufactured homes with two dwelling units (as defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 18008.7) in accordance with Title 25 of the California Code of Regulations.

4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout existing buildings with a Group R fire area when additions are made causing the fire area to exceed 3,600 square feet.

Exception: Additions where all of the following are met:

a. Building addition does not exceed 500 square feet.

b. The resultant structure meets all water supply requirements of Chapter 5 and Appendix B of the 2025 California Fire Code.

5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout existing Groups A, B, E, F, L, M, S and U buildings and structures, when additions are made that increase the fire area to more than 3,600 square feet or that create conditions described in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18.

6. Any change in the character of occupancy or in use of any building with a fire area equal to or greater than 3,600 square feet which, in the opinion of the fire code official or building official, would place the building into a more hazardous division of the same occupancy group or into a different group of occupancies and constitutes a greater degree of life safety 1 or increased fire risk 2 , shall require the installation of an approved fire automatic fire sprinkler system.

1 Life Safety - Shall include, but not limited to: Increased occupant load, public assembly areas, public meeting areas, churches, indoor amusement attractions, buildings with complex exiting systems due to increased occupant loads, large schools/day-care facilities, large residential care facilities housing non-ambulatory clients.

2 Fire Risks - Shall include, but not limited to: High-piled combustible storage, woodworking operations, hazardous operations using hazardous materials, increased fuel loads (storage of moderate to highly combustible materials), increased sources of ignition (welding, automotive repair with the use of flammable liquids and open flames).

Section 903.2.11.7 is added to read as follows:

903.2.11.7 Chemical Fume Hood Fire Protection. Approved automatic fire extinguishing systems shall be provided in chemical fume hoods in the following cases:

1. Existing hoods having interiors with a flame spread index greater than 25 in which flammable liquids are handled.

2. If a hazard assessment determines that an automatic extinguishing system is required for the chemical fume hood, then the applicable automatic fire protection system standard shall be followed.

SECTION 907 FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

Section 907.8 is amended to read as follows:

907.8 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The maintenance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with Sections 907.8.1 through 907.8.4 and NFPA 72. Records of inspection, testing and maintenance shall be documented using NFPA 72 record of inspection and testing forms.

SECTION 909 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Section 909.22.1 is amended to read as follows:

909.22.1 Schedule. A routine maintenance and operational testing program shall be initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A written schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing shall be established and operational testing must occur at least annually.

Chapter 12 Energy Systems

SECTION 1202 DEFINITIONS

Section 1202.1 is amended to read as follows:

1202.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY STORAGE.

BATTERY TYPES.

CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM.

CRITICAL CIRCUIT.

EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM.

ENERGY STORAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS).

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, ELECTROCHEMICAL.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, MOBILE.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, WALK-IN UNIT.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM CABINET.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM COMMISSIONING.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DECOMMISSIONING.

FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM, STATIONARY.

LARGE-SCALE FIRE TESTING.

PORTABLE GENERATOR.

STANDBY POWER SYSTEM.

SECTION 1207 ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (ESS)

Section 1207.1.7 is amended to read as follows:

1207.1.7 Large-scale fire test. Where required elsewhere in Section 1207, large-scale fire testing shall be conducted in accordance with NFPA 855 as amended, and UL 9540A. The testing shall be conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved testing laboratory and show that a fire involving one ESS will not propagate to an adjacent ESS, and where installed within buildings, enclosed areas and walk-in units will be contained within the room, enclosed area or walk-in unit for a duration equal to the fire-resistance rating of the room separation specified in Section 1207.7.4. The test report shall be provided to the fire code official for review and approval in accordance with Section 104.2.2.

Section 1207.2.2.1 is amended to read as follows:

1207.2.2.1 Ongoing inspection and testing. Systems that monitor and protect the ESS installation shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the operation and maintenance manual. Inspection and testing records shall be maintained in the operation and maintenance manual and made available to the fire code official upon request.

Section 1207.5.2 is amended to read as follows:

1207.5.2 Maximum allowable quantities. Fire areas within rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 1207.5. The allowable number of fire areas, maximum allowable quantity, and fire-resistance rating of fire-barriers shall comply with Table 1207.5.1.

Exceptions:

1. Where approved by the fire code official, rooms, areas and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS that exceed the amounts in Table 1207.5 shall be permitted based on a hazardous mitigation analysis in accordance with Section 1207.1.6 and large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

2. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems installed in facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities and operating at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC in accordance with NFPA 76.

3. Dedicated-use buildings in compliance with Section 1207.7.1.

TABLE 1207.5.1 DESIGN AND NUMBER OF ESS FIRE AREAS

Section 1207.5.5 is amended to read as follows:

1207.5.5 Fire suppression systems. Rooms and areas within buildings and walk-in units containing electrochemical ESS shall be protected by an automatic fire suppression system designed and installed in accordance with one of the following:

1. Automatic sprinkler systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 for ESS units (groups) with a maximum stored energy capacity of 50 kWh, as described in Section 1207.5.1, shall be designed with a minimum density of 0.3 gpm/ft 2 (1.14 L/min) based over the area of the room or 2,500 square-foot (232 m 2 ) design area, whichever is larger, unless a lower density is approved based on large-scale fire testing in accordance with Section 1207.1.7.

2. Automatic sprinkler systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 for ESS units (groups) exceeding 50 kWh shall use a density based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7.

3. The following alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems designed and installed in accordance with Section 904, provided that the installation is approved by the fire code official based on large-scale fire testing complying with Section 1207.1.7:

3.1.

NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems.

3.2.

NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection.

3.3.

NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems.

3.4.

NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire-Extinguishing Systems.

3.5.

NFPA 2010, Standard for Fixed Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing Systems.

Exceptions:

1. Fire suppression systems for lead-acid and nickel-cadmium battery systems at facilities under the exclusive control of communications utilities that operate at less than 50 VAC and 60 VDC shall be provided where required by NFPA 76.

2. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium systems that are used for DC power for control of substations and control or safe shutdown of generating stations under the exclusive control of the electric utility, and located outdoors or in building spaces used exclusively for such installations, shall not be required to have a fire suppression system installed.

3. Lead-acid battery systems in uninterruptable power supplies listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1778, utilized for standby power applications, which is limited to not more than 10 percent of the floor area on the floor on which the ESS is located, shall not be required to have a fire suppression system. (Material based on NFPA 855 2023 Ed.)

Section 1207.11.3 is amended to read as follows:

1207.11.3 Location. ESS shall be installed only in the following locations:

1. Detached garages and detached accessory structures.

2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space and sleeping units in accordance with Section R302.6.

3. Outdoors or on the exterior side of the exterior walls not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from doors and windows directly entering the dwelling unit and not below or above any emergency escape and rescue openings.

4. Enclosed utility closets, basements, storage or utility spaces within dwelling units with finished or noncombustible walls and ceilings. Walls and ceilings of unfinished wood-framed construction shall be provided with not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum wallboard.

ESS shall not be installed in sleeping rooms, or in closets or spaces opening directly into sleeping rooms or in habitable spaces of dwelling units.

Section 1207.11.6 is amended to read as follows:

1207.11.6 Fire detection. ESS installed in Groups R-3 and R-4 occupancies shall comply with the following:

1. Rooms and areas within dwellings units, sleeping units, basements and attached garages in which ESS are installed shall be protected by smoke alarms in accordance with Section 907.2.11.

2. A listed heat alarm interconnected to the smoke alarms shall be installed in locations within dwelling units, sleeping units and attached garages where smoke alarms cannot be installed based on their listing.

Exceptions:

1. A listed heat detector may be used in place of a heat alarm, so long as it is interconnected with devices that provide an audible alarm at all sleeping areas.

2. A fire sprinkler associated with an approved automatic sprinkler system that triggers an audible alarm upon activation of the waterflow switch, may be used in place of a heat alarm.

SECTION 3303 ADMINISTRATIVE SAFETY CONTROLS

Section 3303.5 is amended to read as follows:

3303.5 Fire watch. Where required by the fire code official or the site safety plan established in accordance with Section 3303.1, a fire watch shall be provided for building demolition and for building construction. Fire watch is not intended to facilitate occupancy during ongoing construction in a new building.

Section 3303.7 is added to read as follows:

3303.7 Fire Walls. When firewalls are required in combustible construction, the wall construction shall be completed (with all openings protected) immediately after the building is sufficiently weather-protected at the location of the wall(s).

SECTION 3307 FIRE DEPARTMENT SITE ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY.

Section 3307.1.2 is amended to read as follows:

3307.1.2 Stairways Required. Each level above the first story in multi-story buildings that require two exit stairways shall be provided with at least two usable exit stairways after the floor decking is installed. The stairways shall be continuous and discharge to grade level. Stairways serving more than two floor levels shall be enclosed (with openings adequately protected) after exterior walls/windows are in place. Exit stairs in new and in existing, occupied buildings shall be lighted and maintained clear of debris and construction materials at all times.

Exception: For multi-story buildings, one of the required exit stairs may be obstructed on not more than two contiguous floor levels for the purposes of stairway construction (i.e., installation of gypsum board, painting, flooring, etc.).

Section 3307.1.4 is added to read as follows:

3307.1.4 Required Means of Egress. All buildings under construction shall have at least one unobstructed means of egress. All means of egress shall be identified in the written site safety plan as required by Section 3303.1.

Section 3307.6 is added to read as follows:

3307.6 Fire Department Access Roadways. All construction sites shall be accessible by fire department apparatus by means of roadways having an all-weather driving service of not less than 20 ft. of unobstructed width. The roads shall have the ability to withstand the live loads of fire apparatus, and have a minimum 13 ft. 6 in. of vertical clearance. Dead end fire access roads in excess of 150 ft. in length shall be provided with approved turnarounds.

When approved by the Fire Code Official, temporary access roadways may be utilized until such time that the permanent roadways are installed. As a minimum, the roadway shall consist of a compacted subbase and six (6) inches of road base material (Class 2 aggregate base rock) both compacted to a minimum 95% and sealed. The perimeter edges of the roadway shall be contained and delineated by curb and gutter or other approved method. The use of geotextile reinforcing fabric underlayment or soils lime-treatment may be required if so determined by the project civil engineer. Provisions for surface drainage shall also be provided where necessary. The integrity of the roadway shall be maintained at all times.

SECTION 3313 COMPLETION BEFORE OCCUPANCY.

Section 3313.1 is added to read as follows:

Section 3313.1 Completion Before Occupancy.

In buildings where an automatic sprinkler system is required by this code or the California Building Code, it shall be unlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the automatic sprinkler system installation has been tested and approved.

In new buildings of combustible construction where, automatic fire sprinkler systems are required to be installed, the system shall be placed in service as soon as possible. Immediately upon the completion of sprinkler pipe installation on each floor level, the piping shall be hydrostatically tested and inspected. After inspection approval from the Fire department, each floor level of sprinkler piping shall be connected to the system supply riser and placed into service with all sprinkler heads uncovered. Protective caps may be installed on the active sprinklers during the installation of drywall, texturing and painting, but shall be removed immediately after this work is completed. For system activation notification, an exterior audible waterflow alarm shall be installed and connected to the sprinkler waterflow device prior to installation of the monitoring system.

For buildings equipped with fire sprinkler systems that are undergoing alterations, the sprinkler system(s) shall remain in service at all times except when system modifications are necessary. Fire sprinkler systems undergoing modifications shall be returned to service at the end of each workday unless otherwise approved by the fire department. The General contractor or his/her designee shall check the sprinkler control valve(s) at the end of each workday to confirm that the system has been restored to service.

Chapter 41 Temporary Heating and Cooking Operations

SECTION 4103 PORTABLE FUEL-FIRE HEATING APPLIANCES

Section 4103.1 is amended to read as follows:

4103.1 Portable unvented heaters. Portable unvented fuel-fired heating equipment shall be prohibited in occupancies in Groups A, B, E, I, R-1, R-2, R2.1, R2.2, R-3, R3.1 and R-4 and ambulatory care facilities.

Exceptions:

1. Portable unvented fuel-fired heaters listed and labeled in accordance with UL 647 are permitted to be used in one- and two-family dwellings, where operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2. Portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances in accordance with Section 4103.1.2.

Section 4103.1.2.1.1 is amended to read as follows:

4103.1.2.1.1 Prohibited locations. The storage or use of portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances is prohibited in any of the following locations:

1. Inside of any occupancy where connected to the fuel gas container.

2. Inside of tents, canopies and membrane structures.

3. On exterior balconies, and rooftops.

SECTION 4106 IMMERSION HEATERS

Section 4106.1 is added to read as follows:

4106.1 Immersion Heaters. All electrical immersion heaters used in dip tanks, sinks, vats and similar operations shall be provided with approved over-temperature controls and low liquid level electrical disconnects. Manual reset of required protection devices shall be provided.

Chapter 50 Hazardous Materials—General Provisions

SECTION 5001 GENERAL

Section 5001.2.2.2 is amended to read as follows:

5001.2.2.2 Health Hazards The material categories listed in this section are classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard can also pose a physical hazard.

1. Highly toxic and toxic materials.

2. Corrosive materials.

3. Moderately toxic gas.

4. Health hazards—Other.

SECTION 5002 DEFINITIONS

Section 5002.1 is amended to read as follows:

5002.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

BOILING POINT.

CEILING LIMIT.

CHEMICAL.

CHEMICAL NAME.

CLOSED CONTAINER.

CONTAINER.

CONTROL AREA.

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS.

CYLINDER.

DAY BOX.

DEFLAGRATION.

DESIGN PRESSURE.

DETACHED BUILDING.

DISPENSING.

EXCESS FLOW CONTROL.

EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE.

EXPLOSION.

FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES.

GAS CABINET.

GAS ROOM.

HANDLING.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

HEALTH HAZARD.

HEALTH HAZARD—OTHER.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH).

INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS.

LIQUID. LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL).

LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL).

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA.

MODERATELY TOXIC GAS.

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP).

OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA.

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL).

PESTICIDE.

PHYSICAL HAZARD.

PRESSURE VESSEL.

SAFETY CAN.

SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS).

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT.

SEGREGATED.

SOLID. SPILL CONTROL.

STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

SYSTEM. TANK, ATMOSPHERIC.

TANK, PORTABLE.

TANK, STATIONARY.

TANK VEHICLE.

UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE.

USE (MATERIAL).

VAPOR PRESSURE.

SECTION 5003 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 5003.1.3.1 is added to read as follows:

5003.1.3.1 Toxic, Highly Toxic, Moderately Toxic Gases and Similarly Used or Handled Materials. The storage, use and handling of toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases in amounts exceeding Table 6004.2.1.4 shall be in accordance with this chapter and Chapter 60. Any toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic material that is used or handled as a gas or vapor shall be in accordance with the requirements for toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic gases.

Section 5003.1.5 is added to read as follows:

5003.1.5 Health Hazards—Other. The storage, use and handling of materials classified as other health hazards including carcinogens, irritants and sensitizers in amounts exceeding 810 cubic feet for gases, 55 gallons for liquids and 5,000 pounds for solids shall be in accordance with Section 5003.

Section 5003.1.6 is added to read as follows:

5003.1.6 Additional Spill Control and Secondary Containment Requirements. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 5004.2. An approved containment system is required for any quantity of hazardous materials that are liquids or solids at normal temperature, and pressure (NTP) where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such an event would endanger people, property or the environment. The approved containment system may be required to include a combination of spill control and secondary containment meeting the design and construction requirements set forth in Section 5004.2.

Section 5003.2.2.1 is amended to read as follows:

5003.2.2.1 Design and Construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:

1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and fabricated from materials that are compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic stress, and exposure to which they are subject.

2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 and the Santa Clara County Fire Chiefs Marking Requirements and Guidelines for Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste to indicate the material conveyed.

3. Manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at the following locations:

3.1.

The point of use.

3.2.

The tank, cylinder or bulk source.

4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access and identified in an approved manner.

5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided where the backflow of hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.

6. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of:

Health hazard Class 3 or 4

Flammability Class 4

Reactivity Class 4

in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig)(103 Kpa), an approved means of leak detection, emergency shutoff or excess flow control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.

Exceptions:

1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.

2. Piping for pressure relief devices.

3. Secondary containment or equivalent protection from spills or leaks shall be provided for piping for liquid hazardous materials and for highly toxic and toxic corrosive gases above threshold quantities listed in Table 6004.2.1.4. Secondary containment includes, but is not limited to double-walled piping.

Exceptions:

1. Secondary containment is not required for toxic corrosive gases if the piping is constructed of inert materials.

2. Piping under sub-atmospheric conditions if the piping is equipped with an alarm and fail-safe-to-close valve activated by a loss of vacuum.

3. Expansion chambers shall be provided between valves whenever the regulated gas may be subjected to thermal expansion. Chambers shall be sized to provide protection for piping and instrumentation and to accommodate the expansion of regulated materials.

Section 5003.2.2.2 is amended to read as follows:

5003.2.2.2 Additional Regulation for Supply Piping for Health Hazard Materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 and the following:

1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of highly toxic, toxic, or highly volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have welded or brazed connections throughout except for connections within an exhausted enclosure if the material is a gas, or an approved method of drainage or containment is provided for connections if the material is a liquid.

2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors, within any portion of a means of egress required to be enclosed in fire-resistance-rated construction or in concealed spaces in areas not classified as Group H Occupancies.

3. All primary piping for toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases shall pass a helium leak test of 1 x 10 - 9 cubic centimeters/second where practical, or shall pass testing in accordance with an approved, nationally recognized standard. Tests shall be conducted by a qualified "third party" not involved with the construction of the piping and control systems.

Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and the floor or roof above or in concealed spaces above other occupancies where installed in accordance with Section 415.11.7.4 of the California Building Code for Group H-5 occupancies.

Section 5003.5.2 is added to read as follows:

5003.5.2 Ventilation Ducting. Ducts venting hazardous materials operations shall be labeled with the hazard class of the material being vented and the direction of flow.

Section 5003.5.3 is added to read as follows:

5003.5.3 "H" Occupancies. In "H" occupancies, all piping and tubing may be required to be identified when there is any possibility of confusion with hazardous materials transport tubing or piping. Flow direction indicators are required.

Section 5003.10.4 is amended to read as follows:

5003.10.4 Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.

5003.10.4.1 When transporting hazardous materials, elevators shall have no other passengers other than the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart.

5003.10.4.1.1 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, there shall be no occupants in the elevator.

5003.10.4.2 Hazardous materials liquid containers shall have a maximum capacity of 20 liters (5.28 gal).

5003.10.4.3 Toxic, moderately toxic, and highly-toxic gases shall be limited to a container of a maximum water capacity of 1 pound.

5003.10.4.4 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, means shall be provided to prevent the elevator from being summoned to other floors.

SECTION 5004 STORAGE

Section 5004.2.1 is amended to read as follows:

5004.2.1 Spill Control for Hazardous Material Liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for storage of hazardous material liquids shall be provided with spill control to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:

1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor locations.

2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor and outdoor locations or similar areas provided with liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes.

3. Sumps and collection systems

4. Other approved engineered systems.

Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that connects to an approved collection system.

Section 5004.2.2.2 is amended to read as follows:

5004.2.2.2 Incompatible Materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in independent secondary containment systems.

Chapter 54 Corrosive Materials

SECTION 5402 DEFINITION

Section 5402.1 is amended to read as follows:

5402.1 Definition. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2:

CORROSIVE.

CORROSIVE LIQUIDS.

Chapter 56 Explosives and Fireworks

SECTION 5601 GENERAL

Section 5601.1.3 is amended to read:

5601.1. 3 Fireworks. The possession, manufacture, storage, sale, handling, and use of fireworks, including those fireworks classified as Safe and Sane by the California Office of the State Fire Marshal, are prohibited.

Exceptions:

1. Storage and handling of fireworks as allowed in Section 5604.

2. The use of fireworks for fireworks displays pyrotechnics before a proximate audience and pyrotechnic special effects in motion pictures, television, theatrical or group entertainment productions as allowed in Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 6 Fireworks reprinted in Section 5608 and Health and Safety Code Division 11.

Chapter 57 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

SECTION 5704 STORAGE

Section 5704.2.7.5.8 is amended to read as follows:

5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill Prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by Section 5706.4 or 5706.7 shall have overfill protection in accordance with API 2350.

Exception: Outside aboveground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons (5,000 L) or less need only comply with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 (Item 1, Sub-item 1.1).

An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage tanks connected to fuel-burning equipment inside buildings.

Exception: Outside aboveground tanks with a capacity of 1,320 gallons (5,000 L) or less need only comply with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 (Item 1, Sub-item 1.1).

Section 5704.2.7.5.9 is added to read as follows:

5704.2.7.5.9 Automatic and/or Remote Filling of Tanks. Systems that automatically fill flammable or combustible liquid tanks shall be equipped with overfill protection, approved by the fire code official that sends an alarm signal to a constantly attended location and immediately stops the filling of the tank. The alarm signal and automatic shutoff shall be tested on an annual basis and records of such testing shall be maintained on-site for a period of five (5) years.

Chapter 60 Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials

Chapter 60 title is amended to read:

CHAPTER 60 HIGHLY TOXIC MATERIAL, TOXIC MATERIALS and MODERATELY TOXIC GASSES

SECTION 6001 GENERAL

Section 6001.1 is amended to read as follows:

6001.1 Scope. The storage and use of highly toxic and toxic and/or moderately toxic materials shall comply with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 53.

Exceptions:

1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying with Section 5003.11.

2. Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural products as follows:

2.1

Application and release of pesticide, agricultural products and materials intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and label directions.

2.2

Transportation of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act and regulations thereunder.

2.3

Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be utilized in and around the home, garden, pool, spa and patio.

SECTION 6002 - DEFINITIONS

Section 6002.1 is amended to read as follows:

CONTAINMENT SYSTEM.

CONTAINMENT VESSEL.

EXCESS FLOW VALVE.

HIGHLY TOXIC.

MODERATELY TOXIC GAS.

OZONE-GAS GENERATOR.

PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD.

REDUCED FLOW VALVE.

TOXIC. SECTION 6004 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC COMPRESSED GASES

Section 6004.1 is amended to read as follows:

6004.1 General. The storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall comply with this section.

6004.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases in certain occupancies shall be subject to the limitations contained in Sections 6004.1.1.1 through 6004.1.1.3.

6004.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Moderately toxic, toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies.

Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m 3 ) at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods.

6004.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Moderately toxic, toxic, and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in Group R occupancies.

6004.1.1.3 Offices, retail sales and classrooms. Moderately toxic, toxic and highly toxic compressed gases shall not be stored or used in offices, retail sales or classroom portions of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.

Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, cylinders with a capacity not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m 3 ) at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or fume hoods.

Section 6004.2 is amended to read as follows:

6004.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.2.1 through 6004.2.2.10.3.

Section 6004.2.1 is amended to read as follows:

6004.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in Sections 6004.2.1.1 through 6004.2.1.4.

Section 6004.2.1.4 is added to read as follows:

6004.2.1.4 Quantities exceeding the minimum threshold quantities but not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities per control area. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases in amounts exceeding the minimum threshold quantities per control area set forth in Table 6004.2.1.4 but not exceeding maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003, 6001, 6004.1, and 6004.4.

Table 6004.2.1.4 is added to read as follows:

Minimum Threshold Quantities for Highly Toxic, Toxic and Moderately Toxic Gases for Indoor Storage and Use

Section 6004.4 is added to read as follows:

6004.4. General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2.

6004.4.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders shall be located within gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be located within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.

Exceptions:

1. Where a gas detection system is provided in accordance with 6004.4.8.

6004.4.2. Ventilated areas. The room or area in which gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or area.

6004.4.3. Piping and controls. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2.2, piping and controls on stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders shall comply with the following requirements:

1. Stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders in use shall be provided with a means of excess flow control on all tank and cylinder inlet or outlet connections.

Exceptions:

1. Inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.

2. Pressure relief devices.

6004.4.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section 5003.8.4 and both of the following requirements:

1. The exhaust ventilation from gas rooms shall be directed to an exhaust system.

2. Gas rooms shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.

6004.4.5 Treatment systems. The exhaust ventilation from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas rooms, required in Section 6004.4.1 shall be directed to a treatment system. The treatment system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas and to process exhaust ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.7.1 through 6004.2.2.7.5 and Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases—Storage. A treatment system is not required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage where all of the following controls are provided:

1.1

Valve outlets are equipped with gas-tight outlet plugs or caps.

1.2

Hand wheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement.

1.3

Approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided in accordance with Section 6004.2.2.3.

2. Highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases—Use. Treatment systems are not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases supplied by stationary tanks, portable tanks, or cylinders where a gas detection system complying with Section 6004.4.8 and listed or approved automatic-closing fail-safe valves are provided. The gas detection system shall have a sensing interval not exceeding 5 minutes. Automatic-closing fail-safe valves shall be located immediately adjacent to cylinder valves and shall close when gas is detected at the permissible exposure limit (PEL) by a gas sensor monitoring the exhaust system at the point of discharge from the gas cabinet, exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas room.

6004.4.5.1. Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of diluting, adsorbing, absorbing, containing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of the largest single vessel of compressed gas. Where a total containment system is used, the system shall be designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of release to the system when it reaches equilibrium.

6004.4.5.2. Performance. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of the gas to one-half immediate by dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. Where more than one gas is emitted to the treatment system, the treatment system shall be designed to handle the worst-case release based on the release rate, the quantity and the IDLH for all compressed gases stored or used.

6004.4.5.3. Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to process the maximum worst-case release of gas based on the maximum flow rate of release from the largest vessel utilized. The entire contents of the largest compressed gas vessel shall be considered.

6004.4.5.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be labeled with the maximum rate of release for the compressed gas contained based on valves or fittings that are inserted directly into the tank. Where multiple valves or fittings are provided, the maximum flow rate of release for valves or fittings with the highest flow rate shall be indicated. Where liquefied compressed gases are in contact with valves or fittings, the liquid flow rate shall be utilized for computation purposes. Flow rates indicated on the label shall be converted to cubic feet per minute (cfm/min) (m 3 /s) of gas at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).

6004.4.5.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The maximum flow rate of release for portable tanks and cylinders shall be calculated based on the total release from the cylinder or tank within the time specified in Table 6004.2.2.7.5.

Where portable tanks or cylinders are equipped with approved excess flow or reduced flow valves, the worst-case release shall be determined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by the valve manufacturer or compressed gas supplier. Reduced flow and excess flow valves shall be permanently marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the maximum design flow rate. Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for air under normal temperature and pressure.

6004.4.6. Emergency power. Emergency power shall be provided for the following systems in accordance with Section 1203:

1. Exhaust ventilation system.

2. Treatment system.

3. Gas detection system.

4. Smoke detection system.

6004.4.6.1. Fail-safe systems. Emergency power shall not be required for mechanical exhaust ventilation and treatment systems where approved fail-safe systems are installed and designed to stop gas flow.

6004.4.7. Automatic fire detection system. An approved automatic fire detection system shall be installed in rooms or areas where highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases are stored or used. Activation of the detection system shall sound a local alarm. The fire detection system shall comply with Section 907.

6004.4.8. Gas detection system. A gas detection system complying with Section 916 shall be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the PEL or ceiling limit of the gas for which detection is provided.

Exceptions:

1. A gas detection system is not required for toxic and moderately toxic gases when the physiological warning threshold level for the gas is at a level below the accepted PEL for the gas.

2. A gas detection system is not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases where cylinders, portable tanks, and all non-continuously welded connects are within a gas cabinet or exhausted enclosures.

6004.4.8.1. Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal to an approved location.

6004.4.8.2. Shut off of gas supply. The gas detection system shall automatically close the shut off valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being monitored for whichever gas is detected.

Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gas systems where all of the following controls are provided:

1. Constantly attended/supervised.

2. Provided with emergency shutoff valves that have ready access.

Chapter 64 Pyrophoric Materials

Chapter 64 of the 2025 California Fire Code and 2021 International Code is amended as follows:

SECTION 6405 USE

Section 6405.3.1 is added to read as follows:

6405.3.1 Silane distribution systems automatic shutdown. Silane distribution systems shall automatically shut down at the source upon activation of the gas detection system at levels above the alarm level and/or failure of the ventilation system for the silane distribution system.

Chapter 80 Referenced Standards

Appendix B Fire-Flow Requirements for Buildings

SECTION B105 FIRE-FLOW REQUIRES FOR BUILDINGS

Section B105.2 is amended to read as follows:

B105.2 Buildings other than one- and two-family dwellings, Group R-3 and R-4 buildings and townhouses. The minimum fire-flow and flow duration for buildings other than one- and two-family dwellings, Group R-3 and R-4 buildings and townhouses shall be as specified in Tables B105.1(2) and B105.2.

Exceptions: [SFM] Group B, S-2 and U occupancies having a floor area not exceeding 1,000 square feet, primarily constructed of noncombustible exterior walls with wood or steel roof framing, having a Class A roof assembly, with uses limited to the following or similar uses:

1. California State Parks buildings of an accessory nature (restrooms).

2. Safety roadside rest areas (SRRA), public restrooms.

3. Truck inspection facilities (TIF), CHP office space and vehicle inspection bays.

4. Sand/salt storage buildings, storage of sand and salt.

The maximum fire flow reduction for all commercial buildings greater than 30,000 square feet and residential podium buildings shall not exceed 25 percent of the fire flow specified in Table B105.1(2). The maximum fire flow reduction for all other buildings shall not exceed 50 percent of the fire flow specified in Table B105.1(2).

Appendix C Fire Hydrant Location and Distribution

SECTION C102 NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS

Section C102.1 is amended to read:

C102.1 Minimum number of fire hydrants for a building. The number of fire hydrants available to a building shall be not less than the minimum specified in Table C102.1, utilizing the base fire flow without fire sprinkler reduction.

Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads

SECTION D103 MINIMUM SPECIFICATION

Section D103.1 is hereby deleted.

Section D103.2 is amended to read as follows:

D103.2 Grade. The maximum grade of a fire department apparatus access road shall not exceed 15-percent, unless approved by the fire code official.

Section D103.3 is amended to read as follows:

D103.3 Turning radius. The required turning radius of a fire apparatus access roads shall be a minimum of 30 feet inside, and a minimum of 50 feet outside.

Section D103.4 is amended to read as follows:

D103.4 Dead ends. Dead-end fire apparatus access roads and/or driveways in excess of 150 feet (45,720 mm) shall be provided with width and turnaround provisions in accordance with Santa Clara County Fire Department apparatus access and turnaround standards.

Section D103.6 is amended to read as follows:

D103.6 Signs. Where required by the Fire Code Official, fire apparatus access roads shall be designated and marked as a fire lane as set forth in Section 22500.1 of the California Vehicle Code and the Santa Clara County Fire Department A-6 Standard. Signs shall have a minimum dimension of 12 inches (305 mm) wide by 18 inches (457 mm) high and have red letters on a white reflective background. Signs shall be posted on one or both sides of the fire apparatus road as required by Section D103.6.1 or D103.6.2.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Section 9.01.060 of Chapter 9.01 of the Monte Sereno Municipal Code is hereby amended to read as follows:

The California Green Building Standards Code, 2025 Edition is hereby amended as follows:

1. Chapter 4, Residential Mandatory Measures, Section 4.106.4.1 - New One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Townhouses with Attached Private Garages.

Section 4.106.4.1 is amended to read as follows:

For each dwelling unit, install a listed raceway to accommodate a dedicated 208/240-volt branch circuit for each garage parking space with a maximum of two and one outside each garage. The raceway shall not be less than trade size 1 (nominal 1-inch inside diameter). The raceway shall originate at the main service or subpanel and shall terminate into a listed cabinet, box or other enclosure in close proximity to the proposed location of an EV charger. Raceways are required to be continuous at enclosed, inaccessible or concealed areas and spaces. The service panel and/or subpanel shall provide capacity to install a 40-ampere 208/240-volt minimum dedicated branch circuit and space(s) reserved to permit installation of a branch circuit overcurrent protective device.

Exception: A raceway is not required if a minimum 40-ampere 208/240-volt dedicated EV branch circuit is installed in close proximity to the proposed location of an EV charger at the time of original construction in accordance with the California Electrical Code.

2. Chapter 4, Residential Mandatory Measures, Section 4.303 Indoor Water Use. Section 4.303.4 is added to read as follows:

4.303.4

Hot Water Recirculating System. An automatic hot water recirculating system shall be installed in accordance with the California Plumbing Code.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

Persons who shall violate a provision of the code adopted under section 9.01.010, as may be amended by this chapter, or who fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the Building Official or Fire Official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of the above codes, shall be subject to code enforcement action by the City in accordance with Title 5 of the Monte Sereno Municipal Code. Persons committing such violation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) or by imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months, or both fine and imprisonment, unless the violation is made an infraction by the prosecuting authority.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)

A. Purpose and intent. These provisions are intended to establish an expedited, streamlined solar permitting process that complies with the Solar Rights Act and AB 2188 (Chapter 521, Statutes 2014, CA Govt. Code Section 65850.5) to achieve timely and cost-effective installations of small residential rooftop solar energy systems. These provisions are intended to encourage the use of solar systems by removing unreasonable barriers, minimizing costs to property owners and the Town, and expanding the ability of property owners to install solar energy systems. These provisions allow the Town to achieve these goals while protecting the public health and safety.

B. Definitions. The following words, terms, and phrases, when used in this division, shall have the following meanings ascribed to them in this section:

Electronic signature means a digital signature or digital stamp that is issued by a certificate authority approved by the California Secretary of State, and which meets the requirements of Government Code Section 16.5.

Electronic submittal means the utilization of one (1) or more of the following:

1. Email;

2. The Internet;

3. Facsimile.

Reasonable restrictions on a solar energy system are those restrictions that do not significantly increase the cost of the system or significantly decrease its efficiency or specified performance, or that allow for an alternative system of comparable cost, efficiency, and energy conservation benefits.

Restrictions that do not significantly increase the cost of the system or decrease its efficiency or specified performance means:

1. For Water Heater Systems or Solar Swimming Pool Heating Systems: an amount exceeding ten (10) percent of the cost of the system, but in no case more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), or decreasing the efficiency of the solar energy system by an amount exceeding ten (10) percent, as originally specified and proposed.

2. For Photovoltaic Systems: an amount not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) over the system cost as originally specified and proposed, or a decrease in system efficiency of an amount exceeding ten (10) percent as originally specified and proposed.

Small residential rooftop solar energy system means all of the following:

1. A solar energy system that is no larger than ten (10) kilowatts alternating current nameplate rating or thirty (30) kilowatts thermal.

2. A solar energy system that conforms to all applicable state fire, structural, electrical, and other building codes as adopted or amended by the Town and all state and Town health and safety standards.

3. A solar energy system that is installed on a single- or duplex-family dwelling.

4. A solar panel or module array that does not exceed the maximum legal building height as defined by the Town.

Solar Energy System means either of the following:

1. Any solar collector or other solar energy device whose primary purpose is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for space heating, space cooling, electric generation, or water heating.

2. Any structural design feature of a building, whose primary purpose is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for electricity generation, space heating or cooling, or for water heating.

Specific, adverse impact means a significant, quantifiable, direct, and unavoidable impact, based on objective, identified, and written public health or safety standards, policies, or conditions as they existed on the date the application was deemed complete.

C. Applicability.

(a) These provisions apply to the permitting of all small residential rooftop solar energy systems in the Town.

(b) Small residential rooftop solar energy systems legally established or permitted prior to October 31, 2015, are not subject to the requirements of these provisions unless physical modifications or alterations are undertaken that materially change the size, type, or components of a small rooftop energy system in such a way as to require new permitting. Routine operation and maintenance or like-kind replacements shall not require a permit.

D. Solar energy system requirements.

(a) All solar energy systems shall meet applicable health and safety standards and requirements imposed by the state and the Town.

(b) Solar energy systems for heating water in single-family residences and for heating water in commercial buildings or swimming pool applications shall be certified by an accredited listing agency as defined by the California Plumbing and Mechanical Code.

(c) Solar energy systems for producing electricity shall meet all applicable safety and performance standards established by the California Electrical Code, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and accredited testing laboratories such as Underwriters Laboratories and, where applicable, rules of the Public Utilities Commission regarding safety and reliability.

E. Applications and documents.

(a) All documents required for the submission of an expedited solar energy system application shall be made available on the publicly accessible Town website.

(b) Electronic submittal of the required permit application and documents by email, or the Internet, shall be made available to all small residential rooftop solar energy system permit applicants.

(c) An applicant's electronic signature shall be accepted on all forms, applications, and other documents in lieu of a wet signature.

(d) The Town's Building Division shall adopt a standard plan and checklist of all requirements with which small residential rooftop solar energy systems shall comply to be eligible for expedited review.

(e) The small residential rooftop solar system permit process, standard plan(s), and checklist(s) shall substantially conform to recommendations for expedited permitting, including the checklist and standard plans contained in the most current version of the California Solar Permitting Guidebook adopted by the Governor's Office of Planning and Research.

(f) All fees prescribed for the permitting of small residential rooftop solar energy system must comply with Government Code Section 65850.55, Government Code Section 66015, Government Code Section 66016, and State Health and Safety Code Section 17951.

F. Permit review and inspection requirements.

(a) The Town's Building Division shall adopt an administrative, nondiscretionary review process to expedite approval of small residential rooftop solar energy systems. The Building Division shall issue a building permit, the issuance of which is nondiscretionary, on the same day for over-the-counter applications or within one (1) to three (3) business days for electronic applications upon receipt of a complete application that meets the requirements of the approved checklist and standard plan. The Building Official may require an applicant to apply for a minor residential permit if the official finds, based on substantial evidence, that the solar energy system could have a specific, adverse impact upon the public health and safety. Such decisions may be appealed to the Town Planning Commission.

(b) Review of the application shall be limited to the Building Official's review of whether the application meets local, state, and federal health and safety requirements.

(c) If a minor residential permit is required, the Town may deny an application for the minor residential if it makes written findings based upon substantive evidence in the record that the proposed installation would have a specific, adverse impact upon public health or safety and there is no feasible method to satisfactorily mitigate or avoid, as defined, the adverse impact. Such findings shall include the basis for the rejection of the potential feasible alternative for preventing the adverse impact. Such decisions may be appealed to the Town Planning Commission.

(d) Any condition imposed on an application shall be designed to mitigate the specific, adverse impact upon health and safety at the lowest possible cost.

(e) A feasible method to satisfactorily mitigate or avoid the specific, adverse impact includes, but is not limited to, any cost-effective method, condition, or mitigation imposed by the Town on another similarly situated application in a prior successful application for a permit. The Town shall use its best efforts to ensure that the selected method, condition, or mitigation meets the conditions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section 714 of the Civil Code defining restrictions that do not significantly increase the cost of the system or decrease its efficiency or specified performance.

(f) If an application is deemed incomplete, a written correction notice detailing all deficiencies in the application and any additional information or documentation required to be eligible for expedited permit issuance shall be sent to the applicant for resubmission.

(g) Only one (1) inspection shall be required and performed by the Town for small residential rooftop solar energy systems eligible for expedited review.

(h) The inspection shall be done in a timely manner and should include consolidated inspections. An inspection will be scheduled within two (2) business days of a request and provide a two-hour inspection window.

(i) If a small residential rooftop solar energy system fails inspection, a subsequent inspection is authorized but need not conform to the requirements of these provisions.

(Ord. NS-248, § 2, 11-18-2025)