Chapter 3 — California Fire Code (Title 24, Part 9)

Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	SFM		HCD			DSA		OSHPD						BSCC	DPH	AGR	DWR	CEC	CA	SL	SLC
Adopting agency	BSC	BSC- CG	T-24	T-19*	1	2	1-AC	AC	SS	1	1R	2	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Adopt entire chapter
Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)
Adopt only those sections that are listed below			X
[California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1]				X
Chapter / Section							S	A	M	P		L	E
301		X
[T-19 §3.14]				X
[T-19 §3.19 (a-g)]				X
304		X
[T-19 §3.07(a)]				X
[T-19 §3.07(b)]				X

*The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division 1 remains the same.

Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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Marginal Markings

following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such relocations in the 2018 edition of the International Fire Code .

2015 LOCATION	2018 LOCATION
606.12.1 and 606.12.1.1	605.1.1 and 605.1.2
806.2	807.4.1
904.12.5	906.4
908.3–908.7	916
605.11	1204
604	1203
608	1206.2
3104.5–3104.22	3107
5003.2.2.1, Item 6	5005.1.12

Coordination between the International Building and Fire Codes

Because the coordination of technical provisions is one of the benefits of adopting the ICC family of model codes, users will find the ICC codes to be a very flexible set of model documents. To accomplish this flexibility some technical provisions are duplicated in some of the model code documents. While the International Codes are provided as a comprehensive set of model codes for the built environment, documents are occasionally adopted as a stand-alone regulation. When one of the model documents is adopted as the basis of a stand-alone code, that code should provide a complete package of requirements with enforcement assigned to the entity for which the adoption is being made.

The model codes can also be adopted as a family of complementary codes. When adopted together, there should be no conflict of any of the technical provisions. When multiple model codes are adopted in a jurisdiction it is important for the adopting authority to evaluate the provisions in each code document and determine how and by which agency(ies) they will be enforced. It is important, therefore, to understand that where technical provisions are duplicated in multiple model documents that enforcement duties must be clearly assigned by the local adopting jurisdiction. ICC remains committed to providing state-of-the-art model code documents that, when adopted locally, will reduce the cost to government of code adoption and enforcement and protect the public health, safety and welfare.

Maintenance

The International Fire Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcement officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.

The ICC Code Development Process reflects principles of openness, transparency, balance, due process and consensus, the principles embodied in OMB Circular A-119, which governs the federal government’s use of private-sector standards. The ICC process is open to anyone; there is no cost to

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participate, and people can participate without travel cost through the ICC’s cloud-based app, cdpAccess . A broad cross section of interests are represented in the ICC Code Development Process. The codes, which are updated regularly, include safeguards that allow for emergency action when required for health and safety reasons.

In order to ensure that organizations with a direct and material interest in the codes have a voice in the process, the ICC has developed partnerships with key industry segments that support the ICC’s important public safety mission. Some code development committee members were nominated by the following industry partners and approved by the ICC Board:

American Institute of Architects (AIA)

International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC)
- National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
- National Association of State Fire Marshals (NASFM)

The code development committees evaluate and make recommendations regarding proposed changes to the codes. Their recommendations are then subject to public comment and council-wide votes. The ICC’s governmental members—public safety officials who have no financial or business interest in the outcome—cast the final votes on proposed changes.

The contents of this work are subject to change through the code development cycles and by any governmental entity that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the International Code Council.

While the I-Code development procedure is thorough and comprehensive, the ICC, its members and those participating in the development of the codes disclaim any liability resulting from the publication or use of the I-Codes, or from compliance or noncompliance with their provisions. The ICC does not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code.

Code Development Committee Responsibilities (Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers)

In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Committee Action Hearings by the International Fire Code Development Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action on the proposed change. Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter designation in brackets are considered by a different code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that have [BE] in front of them (e.g., [BE] 606.3) are considered by the appropriate International Building Code Development Committee (IBC—Egress) at the code development hearings.

The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation is maintained by another code development committee in accordance with the following:

[A] = Administrative Code Development Committee;

[BE] = IBC—Egress Code Development Committee;

[BF] = IBC—Fire Safety Code Development Committee;

[BG] = IBC—General Code Development Committee;

[BS] = IBC—Structural Code Development Committee;

[EB] = International Existing Building Code Development Committee;

[FG] = International Fuel Gas Code Development Committee;

[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee; and

[P] = International Plumbing Code Development Committee.

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For the development of the 2021 edition of the I-Codes, there will be two groups of code development committees and they will meet in separate years.

Group A Codes (Heard in 2018, Code Change Proposals Deadline: January 8, 2018)	Group B Codes (Heard in 2019, Code Change Proposals Deadline: January 7, 2019)
International Building Code – Egress (Chapters 10, 11, Appendix E) – Fire Safety (Chapters 7, 8, 9, 14, 26) – General (Chapters 2–6, 12, 27–33, Appendices A, B, C, D, K, N)	Administrative Provisions (Chapter 1 of all codes except IECC, IRC and IgCC, administra- tive updates to currently referenced standards, and designated definitions)
International Fire Code	International Building Code – Structural (Chapters 15–25, Appendices F, G, H, I, J, L, M)
International Fuel Gas Code	International Existing Building Code
International Mechanical Code	International Energy Conservation Code— Commercial
International Plumbing Code	International Energy Conservation Code— Residential – IECC—Residential – IRC—Energy (Chapter 11)
International Property Maintenance Code	International Green Construction Code (Chapter 1)
International Private Sewage Disposal Code	International Residential Code – IRC—Building (Chapters 1–10, Appendices E, F, H, J, K, L, M, O, Q, R, S, T)
International Residential Code – IRC—Mechanical (Chapters 12–23) – IRC—Plumbing (Chapters 25–33, Appendices G, I, N, P)
International Swimming Pool and Spa Code
International Wildland-Urban Interface Code
International Zoning Code
Note: Proposed changes to the ICC_Performance Code_ will be heard by the code development committee noted in brack- ets [ ] in the text of the ICC_Performance Code_.

The majority of the sections of Chapter 1 of this code are designated as the responsibility of the Administrative Code Development Committee, and that committee is part of the Group B portion of the hearings. This committee will conduct its code development hearings in 2019 to consider most code change proposals for Chapter 1 of this code and proposals for Chapter 1 of all I-Codes except the International Energy Conservation Code, International Residential Code and International Green Construction Code . Therefore, any proposals received for the sections of Chapter 1 preceded by the designation [A] will be deferred for consideration in 2019 by the Administrative Code Development Committee.

It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understands which code development committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change proposal. For further information on the Code Development Committee responsibilities, please visit the ICC website at www.iccsafe.org/scoping.

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EFFECTIVE USE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE

The International Fire Code (IFC ) is a model code that regulates minimum fire safety requirements for new and existing buildings, facilities, storage and processes. The IFC addresses fire prevention, fire protection, life safety and safe storage and use of hazardous materials in new and existing buildings, facilities and processes. The IFC provides a total approach of controlling hazards in all buildings and sites, regardless of the hazard being indoors or outdoors.

The IFC is a design document. For example, before one constructs a building, the site must be provided with an adequate water supply for fire-fighting operations and a means of building access for emergency responders in the event of a medical emergency, fire or natural or technological disaster. Depending on the building’s occupancy and uses, the IFC regulates the various hazards that may be housed within the building, including refrigeration systems, application of flammable finishes, fueling of motor vehicles, high-piled combustible storage and the storage and use of hazardous materials. The IFC sets forth minimum requirements for these and other hazards and contains requirements for maintaining the life safety of building occupants, the protection of emergency responders, and to limit the damage to a building and its contents as the result of a fire, explosion or unauthorized hazardous material discharge.

As described, the IFC has many types of requirements for buildings and facilities. The applicability of these requirements varies. An understanding of the applicability of requirements, as addressed in Sections 102.1 and 102.2, is necessary. Section 102.1 addresses when the construction and design provisions are applicable whereas Section 102.2 addresses when the administrative, operational and maintenance provisions are applicable. Generally, the construction and design provisions only apply to new buildings or existing buildings and occupancies as addressed by Chapter 11. The administrative, maintenance and operational requirements are applicable to all buildings and facilities whether new or existing.

Arrangement and Format of the 2018 IFC

Before applying the requirements of the IFC it is beneficial to understand its arrangement and format. The IFC, like other codes published by the International Code Council, is arranged and organized to follow sequential steps that generally occur during a plan review or inspection. In the 2012 edition, the IFC was reorganized into seven parts as illustrated in the tables below. Each part represents a broad subject matter and includes the chapters that logically fit under the subject matter

of each part. It is also foreseeable that additional chapters will need to be added in the future as regulations for new processes or operations are developed. Accordingly, the reorganization was designed to accommodate such future chapters by providing reserved (unused) chapters in several of the parts. This will allow the subject matter parts to be conveniently and logically expanded with- out requiring a major renumbering of the IFC chapters.
ORGANIZATION OF THE IFC	ORGANIZATION OF THE IFC
Parts and Chapters	Subject Matter
Part I—Chapters 1 and 2	Administrative and definitions
Part II—Chapters 3 and 4	General safety provisions
Part III—Chapters 5 through 12	Building and equipment design features
Part III—Chapters 13 through 19	Reserved for future use
Part IV—Chapters 20 through 39	Special occupancies and operations
Part IV—Chapters 40 through 49; 52	Reserved for future use
Part V—Chapters 50, 51 and 53 through 67	Hazardous materials
Part V—Chapters 68 through 79	Reserved for future use
Part VI—Chapter 80	Referenced standards
Part VII—Appendices A through N	Adoptable and informational appendices

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The IFC requirements for fire-resistive construction, interior finish, fire protection systems, means of egress and construction safeguards are directly correlated to the chapters containing parallel requirements in the IBC, as follows:

IFC Chapter	Subject
7	Fire and smoke protection features
8	Interior finish, decorative materials and furnishings
9	Fire protection and life safety systems
10	Means of egress
33	Fire safety during construction and demolition

The following is a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the scope and intent of the provisions of the Inter- national Fire Code :

PART I–ADMINISTRATIVE

Chapter 1 Scope and Administration. This chapter contains provisions for the application, enforcement and administration of subsequent requirements of the code. In addition to establishing the scope of the code, Chapter 1 identifies which buildings and structures come under its purview. Chapter 1 is largely concerned with maintaining “due process of law” in enforcing the regulations contained in the body of the code. Only through careful observation of the administrative provisions can the code official reasonably expect to demonstrate that “equal protection under the law” has been provided.

Chapter 2 Definitions. All terms that are defined in the code are listed alphabetically in Chapter 2. While a defined term may be used in one chapter or another, the meaning provided in Chapter 2 is applicable throughout the code.

Where understanding of a term’s definition is especially key to or necessary for understanding of a particular code provision, the term is shown in italics wherever it appears in the code. This is true only for those terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed by the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.

Guidance regarding tense, gender and plurality of defined terms as well as guidance regarding terms not defined in this code are also provided.

PART II–GENERAL SAFETY PROVISIONS

Chapter 3 General Requirements. The open burning, ignition source, vacant building, miscellaneous storage, roof gardens and landscaped roofs, outdoor pallet storage and hazards to fire fighters requirements and precautions, among other general regulations contained in this chapter, are intended to improve premises safety for everyone, including construction workers, tenants, operations and maintenance personnel, and emergency response personnel. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 302 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 4 Emergency Planning and Preparedness. This chapter addresses the human contribution to life safety in buildings when a fire or other emergency occurs. The requirements for continuous training and scheduled fire, evacuation and lockdown drills can be as important as the required periodic inspections and maintenance of built-in fire protection features. The level of preparation by the occupants also improves the emergency responders’ abilities during an emergency. The International Building Code (IBC) focuses on built-in fire protection features, such as automatic sprinkler systems, fire-resistance-rated construction and properly designed egress systems, whereas this chapter fully addresses the human element. As with other chapters of the Inter-

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national Fire Code, Section 402 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

PART III–BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN FEATURES

Chapter 5 Fire Service Features. The requirements of this chapter apply to all buildings and occupancies and pertain to access roads; access to building openings and roofs; premises identification; key boxes; fire protection water supplies; fire command centers; fire department access to equipment and emergency responder radio coverage in buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 502 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 6 Building Services and Systems. This chapter focuses on building systems and services as they relate to potential safety hazards and when and how they should be installed. This chapter brings together all building system- and service-related issues for convenience and provides a more systematic view of buildings. The following building services and systems are addressed: fuel-fired appliances (Section 603), electrical equipment, wiring and hazards (Section 604), mechanical refrigeration (Section 605), elevator recall and maintenance (Section 606), commercial kitchen hoods (Section 607), commercial kitchen cooking oil storage (608) and hyperbaric facilities (609). As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 602 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents. Note that building systems focused on energy systems and components are addressed by Chapter 12.

Chapter 7 Fire and Smoke Protection Features. The maintenance of assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated is a key component in a passive fire protection philosophy. Chapter 7 sets forth requirements to maintain required fire-resistance ratings of building elements and limit fire spread. Section 701 addresses the basics of what construction elements such as fire barriers and smoke barriers need to be maintained as well as defining the owner’s responsibility. The rest of the chapter, Sections 703 through 706, deals with various fire and smoke protection features that must also be maintained. These features include penetrations, joint protection, door and window openings and duct and air transfer opening protection. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 702 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 8 Interior Finish, Decorative Materials and Furnishings. The overall purpose of Chapter 8 is to regulate interior finishes, decorative materials and furnishings in new and existing buildings so that they do not significantly add to or create fire hazards within buildings. The provisions tend to focus on occupancies with specific risk characteristics, such as vulnerability of occupants, density of occupants, lack of familiarity with the building and societal expectations of importance. This chapter is consistent with Chapter 8 of the International Building Code (IBC), which regulates the interior finishes of new buildings. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 802 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 9 Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems. Chapter 9 prescribes the minimum requirements for active systems of fire protection equipment to perform the functions of detecting a fire, alerting the occupants or fire department of a fire emergency, controlling smoke and controlling or extinguishing the fire. There are provisions relating to gas detection and associated alarms. Mass notification systems are also addressed. Generally, the requirements are based on the occupancy, the height and the area of the building, because these are the factors that most affect fire-fighting capabilities and the relative hazard of a specific building or portion thereof. This chapter parallels and is substantially duplicated in Chapter 9 of the International Building Code; however, this chapter also contains periodic testing criteria that are not contained in the IBC. In addition, the special fire protection system requirements based on use and occupancy found in Chapter 4 of the IBC are duplicated in Chapter 9 of the IFC as a user convenience. As with other chapters of the Inter- national Fire Code, Section 902 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

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Chapter 10 Means of Egress. The general criteria set forth in Chapter 10 regulating the design of the means of egress are established as the primary method for protection of people in buildings by allowing timely relocation or evacuation of building occupants. Both prescriptive and performance language is utilized in this chapter to provide for a basic approach in the determination of a safe exiting system for all occupancies. It addresses all portions of the egress system (i.e., exit access, exits and exit discharge) and includes design requirements as well as provisions regulating individual components. The requirements detail the size, arrangement, number and protection of means of egress components. Functional and operational characteristics also are specified for the components that will permit their safe use without special knowledge or effort. The means of egress protection requirements work in coordination with other sections of the code, such as protection of vertical openings (see Chapter 7), interior finish (see Chapter 8), fire suppression and detection systems (see Chapter 9) and numerous others, all having an impact on life safety. Sections 1002 through 1030 duplicate text from Chapter 10 of the IBC; however, the IFC contains an additional Section 1031 on maintenance of the means of egress system in existing buildings. Retroactive minimum means of egress requirements for existing buildings are found in Chapter 11.

Chapter 11 Construction Requirements for Existing Buildings. Chapter 11 applies to existing buildings constructed prior to the adoption of the code and intends to provide a minimum degree of fire and life safety to persons occupying existing buildings by providing for alterations to such buildings that do not comply with the minimum requirements of the International Building Code . Prior to the 2009 edition, its content existed in the IFC but in a random manner that was neither efficient nor user-friendly. In the 2007/2008 code development cycle, a code change (F294-07/ 08) was approved that consolidated the retroactive elements of IFC/2006 Sections 607, 701, 704, 903, 905, 907 and 3406 (then 2506) and all of then-Section 1027 (Means of Egress for Existing Buildings) into a single chapter for easier and more efficient reference and application to existing buildings. The provisions address general fire safety features such as requirements for fire alarm systems, CO detection and automatic sprinkler systems in some existing buildings, general means of egress, and finally, the chapter contains a section dedicated to existing Group I-2 occupancies. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 1102 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 12 Energy Systems. Chapter 12 was added to address the current energy systems found in the IFC. It introduces a wide range of systems that generate and store energy in, on and adjacent to buildings and facilities. The expansion of such energy systems is related to meeting today’s energy, environmental and economic challenges. Ensuring appropriate criteria to address the safety of such systems in building and fire codes is an important part of protecting the public at large, building occupants and emergency responders. Previously, requirements for energy systems, such as standby power systems, PV systems and stationary battery systems, were scattered about in various locations in Chapter 6, which addresses building services and systems. However, with the addition of fuel cells and capacitor energy storage systems to the IFC, a chapter dedicated to such related issues needed to be created. This chapter provides an appropriate location for the addition of future energy systems.

Chapters 13 through 19. Reserved for future use.

PART IV–SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES AND OPERATIONS

Chapter 20 Aviation Facilities. Chapter 20 specifies minimum requirements for the fire-safe operation of airports, heliports and helistops. The principal nonflight operational hazards associated with aviation involve fuel, facilities and operations. Therefore, safe use of flammable and combustible liquids during fueling and maintenance operations is emphasized. Availability of portable Class B:C-rated fire extinguishers for prompt control or suppression of incipient fires is required. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2002 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 21 Dry Cleaning. The provisions of Chapter 21 are intended to reduce hazards associated with use of flammable and combustible dry cleaning solvents. These materials, like all volatile organic chemicals, generate significant quantities of static electricity and are thus readily ignitable. Many flammable and nonflammable dry cleaning solvents also possess health hazards when involved in a fire. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2102 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

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Chapter 22 Combustible Dust-producing Operations. The requirements of Chapter 22 seek to reduce the likelihood of dust explosions by managing the hazards of ignitable suspensions of combustible dusts associated with a variety of operations including woodworking, mining, food processing, agricultural commodity storage and handling and pharmaceutical manufacturing, among others. Ignition source control and good housekeeping practices in occupancies containing dustproducing operations are emphasized. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2202 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 23 Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages. This chapter provides provisions that regulate the storage and dispensing of both liquid and gaseous motor fuels at public and private automotive, marine and aircraft motor fuel-dispensing facilities, fleet vehicle motor fuel-dispensing facilities and repair garages. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2302 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 24 Flammable Finishes. Chapter 24 requirements govern operations where flammable or combustible finishes are applied by spraying, dipping, powder coating or flow-coating processes. As with all operations involving flammable or combustible liquids and combustible dusts or vapors, controlling ignition sources and methods of reducing or controlling flammable vapors or combustible dusts at or near these operations are emphasized. As with other chapters of the Inter- national Fire Code, Section 2402 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 25 Fruit and Crop Ripening. Chapter 25 provides guidance that is intended to reduce the likelihood of explosions resulting from improper use or handling of ethylene gas used for cropripening and coloring processes. This is accomplished by regulating ethylene gas generation; storage and distribution systems and controlling ignition sources. Design and construction of facilities for this use are regulated by the International Building Code to reduce the impact of potential accidents on people and buildings.

Chapter 26 Fumigation and Insecticidal Fogging. This chapter regulates fumigation and insecticidal fogging operations which use toxic pesticide chemicals to kill insects, rodents and other vermin. Fumigants and insecticidal fogging agents pose little hazard if properly applied; however, the inherent toxicity of all these agents and the potential flammability of some makes special precautions necessary when they are used. Requirements of this chapter are intended to protect both the public and fire fighters from hazards associated with these products. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2602 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 27 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities. The requirements of this chapter are intended to control hazards associated with the manufacture of electrical circuit boards or microchips, commonly called semiconductors. Though the finished product possesses no unusual hazards, materials commonly associated with semiconductor manufacturing are often quite hazardous and include flammable liquids, pyrophoric and flammable gases, toxic substances and corrosives. The requirements of this chapter are concerned with both life safety and property protection. However, the fire code official should recognize that the risk of extraordinary property damages is far more common than the risk of personal injuries from fire. As with other chapters of the Interna- tional Fire Code, Section 2702 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 28 Lumber Yards and Agro-industrial, Solid Biomass and Woodworking Facilities. Provisions of this chapter are intended to prevent fires and explosions, facilitate fire control and reduce exposures to and from facilities storing, selling or processing wood and forest products, including sawdust, wood chips, shavings, bark mulch, shorts, finished planks, sheets, posts, poles, timber and raw logs and the hazard they represent once ignited. Also included are solid biomass feedstock and raw products associated with agro-industrial facilities, the outdoor storage of pallets and manufacturing and recycling facilities. This chapter requires active and passive fire protection features to reduce on- and off-site exposures, limit fire size and development and facilitate fire fighting by employees and the fire service. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2802 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

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Chapter 29 Manufacture of Organic Coatings. This chapter regulates materials and processes associated with the manufacture of paints as well as bituminous, asphaltic and other diverse compounds formulated to protect buildings, machines and objects from the effects of weather, corrosion and hostile environmental exposures. Paint for decorative, architectural and industrial uses comprises the bulk of organic coating production. Painting and processes related to the manufacture of nonflammable and noncombustible or water-based products are exempt from the provisions of this chapter. The application of organic coatings is covered by Chapter 24. Elimination of ignition sources, maintenance of fire protection equipment and isolation or segregation of hazardous operations are emphasized. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 2902 contains a term that is defined in Chapter 2 and is applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 30 Industrial Ovens. This chapter addresses the fuel supply, ventilation, emergency shutdown equipment, fire protection and the operation and maintenance of industrial ovens, which are sometimes referred to as industrial heat enclosures or industrial furnaces. Compliance with this chapter is intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving industrial ovens which are usually the result of the fuel in use or volatile vapors given off by the materials being heated or to manage the impact if a fire should occur. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3002 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 31 Tents, Temporary Structures and Other Membrane Structures. The requirements in this chapter are intended to protect temporary as well as permanent tents and air-supported and other membrane structures and temporary special event structures from fire and similar hazards by regulating structure location and access, anchorage, egress, heat-producing equipment, hazardous materials and operations, combustible vegetation, ignition sources, waste accumulation and requiring regular inspections and certifying continued compliance with fire safety regulations. This chapter also addresses outdoor assembly events, which are not limited to those events where tents or other membrane structures are used but are regulated due to the number of people, density of those people and hazards associated with large outdoor events related to egress, fire hazards from cooking and other related concerns. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3102 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 32 High-piled Combustible Storage. This chapter provides guidance for reasonable protection of life from hazards associated with the storage of combustible materials in closely packed piles or on pallets, in racks or on shelves where the top of storage is greater than 12 feet in height. It provides requirements for identifying various classes of commodities; general fire and life safety features including storage arrangements, smoke and heat venting, and fire department access; and housekeeping and maintenance requirements. The chapter attempts to define the potential fire severity and, in turn, determine fire and life safety protection measures needed to control, and in some cases suppress, a potential fire. This chapter does not cover miscellaneous combustible materials storage regulated in Section 315. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3202 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 33 Fire Safety during Construction and Demolition. Chapter 33 outlines general fire safety precautions for all structures and all occupancies during construction and demolition operations. In general, these requirements seek to maintain required levels of fire protection, limit fire spread, establish the appropriate operation of equipment and promote prompt response to fire emergencies. Features regulated include fire protection systems, fire fighter access to the site and building, means of egress, hazardous materials storage and use and temporary heating equipment and other ignition sources. With the 2012 reorganization, this chapter now correlates with Chapter 33 of the IBC.

Chapter 34 Tire Rebuilding and Tire Storage. The requirements of Chapter 34 are intended to prevent or control fires and explosions associated with the remanufacture and storage of tires and tire byproducts. Additionally, the requirements are intended to minimize the impact of indoor and outdoor tire storage fires by regulating pile volume and location, segregating the various operations, providing for fire department access and a water supply and controlling ignition sources.

Chapter 35 Welding and Other Hot Work. This chapter covers requirements for safety in welding and other types of hot work by reducing the potential for fire ignitions that usually result in large losses. Several different types of hot work would fall under the requirements found in Chapter 35, including both gas and electric arc methods and any open-torch operations. Many of the activities of this chapter focus on the actions of the occupants. As with other chapters of the Interna- tional Fire Code, Section 3502 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

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Chapter 36 Marinas. Chapter 36 addresses the fire protection and prevention requirements for marinas. It was developed in response to the complications encountered by a number of fire departments responsible for the protection of marinas as well as fire loss history in marinas that lacked fire protection. Compliance with this chapter intends to establish safe practices in marina areas, provide an identification method for mooring spaces in the marina, and provide fire fighters with safe operational areas and fire protection methods to extend hose lines in a safe manner. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3602 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 37 Combustible Fibers. Chapter 37 establishes the requirements for storage and handling of combustible fibers, including animal, vegetable and synthetic fibers, whether woven into textiles, baled, packaged or loose. Operations involving combustible fibers are typically associated with salvage, paper milling, recycling, cloth manufacturing, carpet and textile mills and agricultural operations, among others. The primary hazard associated with these operations is the abundance of materials and their ready ignitability. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 3702 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 38. Reserved for future use.

Chapter 39 Processing and Extraction Facilities. Chapter 39 is a new chapter focused on the processing and extraction of oils and fats from various plants. This process includes the extraction by use of solvent, desolventizing of the raw material and production of the miscella, and distillation of the solvent from the miscella and solvent recovery. The processes used are not necessarily typical hazardous material processes and often the systems and equipment associated with such processes are not listed. Due to the typical lack of listings, the systems and equipment need specific approvals for each installation. This chapter provides the tools to appropriately enforce the IFC to meet the unique needs of industry while providing the appropriate level of safety. This chapter has provisions for a technical report prepared by a registered design professional. This chapter also requires site inspections to make sure equipment and systems are installed as designed and approved. Chapters 40 through 49. Reserved for future use.

PART V–HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Chapter 50 Hazardous Materials—General Provisions. This chapter contains the general requirements for all hazardous chemicals in all occupancies. Hazardous chemicals are defined as those that pose an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of operating or emergency personnel, the public and the environment if not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal or transportation. The general provisions of this chapter are intended to be companion provisions with the specific requirements of Chapters 51 through 67 regarding a given hazardous material. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5002 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 51 Aerosols. Chapter 51 addresses the prevention, control and extinguishment of fires and explosions in facilities where retail aerosol products are displayed or stored. It is concerned with both life safety and property protection from a fire; however, historically, aerosol product fires have caused property loss more frequently than loss of life. Requirements for storing aerosol products are dependent on the level of aerosol product, level of sprinkler protection, type of storage condition and quantity of aerosol products. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5102 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 52. Reserved for future use.

Chapter 53 Compressed Gases. This chapter regulates the storage, use and handling of all flammable and nonflammable compressed gases, such as those that are used in medical facilities, air separation plants, industrial plants, agricultural equipment facilities and similar occupancies. Standards for the design, construction and marking of compressed gas cylinders and pressure vessels are referenced. Compressed gases used in welding and cutting, cryogenic liquids and liquefied

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petroleum gases are also regulated under Chapters 35, 55 and 61, respectively. Compressed gases that are classified as hazardous materials are also regulated in Chapter 50, which includes general requirements. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5302 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 54 Corrosive Materials. Chapter 54 addresses the hazards of corrosive materials that have a destructive effect on living tissues. Although corrosive gases exist, most corrosive materials are solid or liquid and classified as either acids or bases (alkalis). These materials may pose a wide range of hazards other than corrosivity, such as combustibility, reactivity or oxidizing hazards, and must conform to the requirements of this code with respect to all known hazards. The focus of this chapter is on materials whose primary hazard is corrosivity; that is, the ability to destroy or irreparably damage living tissue on contact. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5402 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 55 Cryogenic Fluids. This chapter regulates the hazards associated with the storage, use and handling of cryogenic fluids through regulation of such things as pressure relief mechanisms and proper container storage. These hazards are in addition to the code requirements that address the other hazards of cryogenic fluids such as flammability and toxicity. These other characteristics are dealt with in Chapter 50 and other chapters, such as Chapter 58 dealing with flammable gases. Cryogens are hazardous because they are held at extremely low temperatures and high pressures. Many cryogenic fluids, however, are actually inert gases and would not be regulated elsewhere in this code. Cryogens are used for many applications but specifically have had widespread use in the biomedical field and in space programs. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5502 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 56 Explosives and Fireworks. This chapter prescribes minimum requirements for the safe manufacture, storage, handling and use of explosives, ammunition and blasting agents for commercial and industrial occupancies. These provisions are intended to protect the general public, emergency responders and individuals who handle explosives. Chapter 56 also regulates the manufacturing, retail sale, display and wholesale distribution of fireworks, establishing the requirements for obtaining approval to manufacture, store, sell, discharge or conduct a public display, and references national standards for regulations governing manufacture, storage and public displays. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5602 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 57 Flammable and Combustible Liquids. The requirements of this chapter are intended to reduce the likelihood of fires involving the storage, handling, use or transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. Adherence to these practices may also limit damage in the event of an accidental fire involving these materials. These liquids are used for fuel, lubricants, cleaners, solvents, medicine and even drinking. The danger associated with flammable and combustible liquids is that the vapors from these liquids, when combined with air in their flammable range, will burn or explode at temperatures near normal living and working environment. The protection provided by this code is to prevent the flammable and combustible liquids from being ignited. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5702 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 58 Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids. Chapter 58 sets requirements for the storage and use of flammable gases. For safety purposes, there is a limit on the quantities of flammable gas allowed per control area. Exceeding these limitations increases the possibility of damage to both property and individuals. The principal hazard posed by flammable gas is its ready ignitability, or even explosivity, when mixed with air in the proper proportions. Consequently, occupancies storing or handling large quantities of flammable gas are classified as Group H2 (high hazard) by the International Building Code . As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5802 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 59 Flammable Solids. This chapter addresses general requirements for storage and handling of flammable solids, especially magnesium; however, it is important to note that several other solid materials, primarily metals including, but not limited to, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, zinc, sodium, lithium, potassium, sodium/potassium alloys, uranium, thorium and plutonium, can be explosion hazards under the right conditions. Some of these metals are almost exclu

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sively laboratory materials but because of where they are used, fire service personnel must be trained to handle emergency situations. Because uranium, thorium and plutonium are also radioactive materials, they present still more specialized problems for fire service personnel. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 5902 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 60 Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials. The main purpose of this chapter is to protect occupants, emergency responders and those in the immediate area of the building and facility from short-term, acute hazards associated with a release or general exposure to toxic and highly toxic materials. This chapter deals with all three states of toxic and highly toxic materials: solids, liquids and gases. This code does not address long-term exposure effects of these materials, which are addressed by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6002 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 61 Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Chapter 61 establishes requirements for the safe handling, storing and use of LP-gas to reduce the possibility of damage to containers, accidental releases of LP-gas and exposure of flammable concentrations of LP-gas to ignition sources. LP-gas (notably propane) is well known as a camping fuel for cooking, lighting, heating and refrigerating and also remains a popular standby fuel supply for auxiliary generators as well as being widely used as an alternative motor vehicle fuel. Its characteristic as a clean-burning fuel has resulted in the addition of propane dispensers to service stations throughout the country. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6102 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 62 Organic Peroxides. This chapter addresses the hazards associated with the storage, handling and use of organic peroxides and intends to manage the fire and oxidation hazards of organic peroxides by preventing their uncontrolled release. These chemicals possess the characteristics of flammable or combustible liquids and are also strong oxidizers. This unusual combination of properties requires special storage and handling precautions to prevent uncontrolled release, contamination, hazardous chemical reactions, fires or explosions. The requirements of this chapter pertain to industrial applications in which significant quantities of organic peroxides are stored or used; however, smaller quantities of organic peroxides still pose a significant hazard and, therefore, must be stored and used in accordance with the applicable provisions of this chapter and Chapter 50. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6202 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 63 Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids. Chapter 63 addresses the hazards associated with solid, liquid, gaseous and cryogenic fluid oxidizing materials, including oxygen in home use, and establishes criteria for their safe storage and protection in indoor and outdoor storage facilities, minimizing the potential for uncontrolled releases and contact with fuel sources. Although oxidizers themselves do not burn, they pose unique fire hazards because of their ability to support combustion by breaking down and giving off oxygen. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6302 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 64 Pyrophoric Materials. This chapter regulates the hazards associated with pyrophoric materials, which are capable of spontaneously igniting in the air at or below a temperature of 130°F (54°C). Many pyrophoric materials also pose severe flammability or reactivity hazards. This chapter addresses only the hazards associated with pyrophoric materials. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6402 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 65 Pyroxylin (Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics. This chapter addresses the significant hazards associated with pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics, which are the most dangerous and unstable of all plastic compounds. The chemically bound oxygen in their structure permits them to burn vigorously in the absence of atmospheric oxygen at a rate 15 times greater than comparable common combustibles. Strict compliance with the provisions of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, helps to reduce the hazards associated with pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics in a fire or other emergencies.

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Chapter 66 Unstable (Reactive) Materials. This chapter addresses the hazards of unstable (reactive) liquid and solid materials as well as unstable (reactive) compressed gases. In addition to their unstable reactivity, these materials may pose other hazards, such as toxicity, corrosivity, explosivity, flammability or oxidizing potential. This chapter, however, intends to address those materials whose primary hazard is unstable reactivity. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. Strict compliance with the provisions of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, help reduce the exposure hazards associated with unstable (reactive) materials in a fire or other emergency. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6602 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapter 67 Water-reactive Solids and Liquids. This chapter addresses the hazards associated with water-reactive materials that are solid or liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. In addition to their water reactivity, these materials may pose a wide range of other hazards, such as toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness or oxidizing potential. This chapter addresses only those materials whose primary hazard is water reactivity. Materials that pose multiple hazards must conform to the requirements of the code with respect to all hazards. Strict compliance with the requirements of this chapter, along with proper housekeeping and storage arrangements, helps to reduce the exposure hazards associated with water-reactive materials in a fire or other emergency. As with other chapters of the International Fire Code, Section 6702 contains a list of terms that are defined in Chapter 2 and are applicable to the chapter contents.

Chapters 68 through 79. Reserved for future use.

PART VI–REFERENCED STANDARDS

Chapter 80 Referenced Standards. This code contains several references to standards that are used to regulate materials and methods of construction. Chapter 80 contains a comprehensive list of all standards that are referenced in this code. The standards are part of the code to the extent of the reference to the standard (see Section 102.7). Compliance with the referenced standard is necessary for compliance with this code. By providing specifically adopted standards, the construction and installation requirements necessary for compliance with this code can be readily determined. The basis for code compliance is, therefore, established and available on an equal basis to the code official, contractor, designer and owner.

Chapter 80 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of the referenced standards alphabetically by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard. Each agency’s standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the standard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this code that reference the standard.

PART VII–APPENDICES

Appendix A Board of Appeals. This appendix contains optional criteria that, when adopted, provide jurisdictions with detailed appeals, board member qualifications and administrative procedures to supplement the basic requirements found in Section 108 of this code. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix B Fire-flow Requirements for Buildings. This appendix provides a tool for the use of jurisdictions in establishing a policy for determining fire-flow requirements in accordance with Section 507.3. The determination of required fire flow is not an exact science, but having some level of information provides a consistent way of choosing the appropriate fire flow for buildings throughout a jurisdiction. The primary tool used in this appendix is a table that presents fire flow based on construction type and building area based on the correlation of the Insurance Services Office (ISO) method and the construction types used in the International Building Code . Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

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Appendix C Fire Hydrant Locations and Distribution. This appendix focuses on the location and spacing of fire hydrants, which is important to the success of fire-fighting operations. The difficulty with determining the spacing of fire hydrants is that every situation is unique and has unique challenges. Finding one methodology for determining hydrant spacing is difficult. This particular appendix gives one methodology based on the required fire flow that fire departments can work with to set a policy for hydrant distribution around new buildings and facilities in conjunction with Section 507.5. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix D Fire Apparatus Access Roads. This appendix contains more detailed elements for use with the basic access requirements found in Section 503, which gives some minimum criteria, such as a maximum length of 150 feet and a minimum width of 20 feet, but in many cases does not state specific criteria. This appendix, like Appendices B and C, is a tool for jurisdictions looking for guidance in establishing access requirements and includes criteria for multiple-family residential developments, large one- and two-family subdivisions, specific examples for various types of turnarounds for fire department apparatus and parking regulatory signage. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix E Hazard Categories. This appendix contains guidance for designers, engineers, architects, code officials, plans reviewers and inspectors in the classifying of hazardous materials so that proposed designs can be evaluated intelligently and accurately. The descriptive materials and explanations of hazardous materials and how to report and evaluate them on a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are intended to be instructional as well as informative. Note that this appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.

Appendix F Hazard Ranking. The information in this appendix is intended to be a companion to the specific requirements of Chapters 51 through 67, which regulate the storage, handling and use of all hazardous materials classified as either physical or health hazards. These materials pose diverse hazards, including instability, reactivity, flammability, oxidizing potential or toxicity; therefore, identifying them by hazard ranking is essential. This appendix lists the various hazardous materials categories that are defined in this code, along with the NFPA 704 hazard ranking for each. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix G Cryogenic Fluids—Weight and Volume Equivalents. This appendix gives the fire code official and design professional a ready reference tool for the conversion of the liquid weight and volume of cryogenic fluid to their corresponding volume of gas and vice versa and is a companion to the provisions of Chapter 55 of this code. Note that this appendix is for information purposes and is not intended for adoption.

Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materi- als Inventory Statement (HMIS) Instructions. This appendix is intended to assist businesses in establishing a Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) based on the classification and quantities of materials that would be found on-site, in storage or in use. The sample forms and available Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide the basis for the evaluations. It is also a companion to IFC Sections 407.5 and 407.6, which provide the requirement that the HMIS and HMMP be submitted when required by the fire code official. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix I Fire Protection Systems—Noncompliant Conditions. The purpose of this appendix, which was developed by the ICC Hazard Abatement in Existing Buildings Committee, is to provide the fire code official with a list of conditions that are readily identifiable by the inspector during the course of an inspection utilizing the International Fire Code . The specific conditions identified in this appendix are primarily derived from applicable NFPA standards and pose a hazard to the proper operation of the respective systems. While these do not represent all of the conditions that pose a hazard or otherwise may impair the proper operation of fire protection systems, their identification in this adoptable appendix will provide a more direct path for enforcement by the fire code official. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

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Appendix J Building Information Sign. This appendix provides design, installation and maintenance requirements for a Building Information Sign (BIS), a fire service tool to be utilized in the crucial, initial response of fire fighters to a structure fire. The BIS placard is designed to be utilized within the initial response time frame of an incident to assist fire fighters in their tactical size-up of a situation as soon as possible after arrival on the scene of a fire emergency. The BIS design is in the shape of a fire service Maltese Cross and includes five spaces (the four wings plus the centerpiece of the cross symbol) in which information is placed about the tactical considerations of construction type and hourly rating, fire protection systems, occupancy type, content hazards and special features that could affect tactical decisions and operations. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix K Construction Requirements for Existing Ambulatory Care Facilities. This appendix was created by the ICC Ad Hoc Committee on Healthcare (AHC) and its intent is to provide jurisdictions with an option for assessing minimum fire and life safety requirements for buildings containing ambulatory care facilities. While this appendix is written with the intent to apply retroactive minimum standards, the AHC recognized that the ambulatory care requirements are relatively recent additions to the International Building Code . For that reason, these requirements are presented as an appendix so that the adopting authority can exercise judgment in the adoption and application of this section. This appendix would also be useful for those local and state jurisdictions that are specifically focused on ensuring the safety for existing ambulatory care facilities by providing minimum criteria that could be used to bring older facilities into compliance with the current standards at the discretion of the adopting jurisdiction. The technical requirements are based on the current IBC language, which is consistent with the overall concept of the current federal requirements. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix L Requirements for Fire Fighter Air Replenishment Systems. This appendix provides for the design, installation and maintenance of permanently installed fire fighter breathing air systems in buildings designated by the jurisdiction. Breathing air is critical for fire-fighting operations. Historically, fire departments have supplied air bottles by means of a “bottle brigade,” whereby fire fighters manually transport air bottles up stairways, which is an extraordinarily fire fighter-intensive process and takes fire fighters away from their primary mission of rescue and fire fighting. Technology now exists to address the issue using in-building air supply systems. Fire fighter breathing air systems were introduced in the late 1980s and are now required in a number of communities throughout the United States. The system has been called a “standpipe for air” and consists of stainless steel, high-pressure piping that is supplied by on-site air storage or fire department air supply units. Air filling stations are then strategically located throughout the building allowing fire fighters to refill breathing air cylinders inside the fire building, negating the required “bottle brigade,” and making more fire fighters available for search, rescue and fire suppression operations. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

Appendix M High-rise Buildings—Retroactive Automatic Sprinkler Requirement. This appendix was created with the intent to provide an option for adoption by jurisdictions that choose to require existing high-rise buildings to be retrofitted with automatic sprinklers. Modern fire and building codes require complete automatic fire sprinkler protection and a variety of other safety features in new high-rise construction. Many older high-rise buildings lack automatic sprinkler protection and other basic fire protection features necessary to protect the occupants, emergency responders and the structure itself. Without complete automatic sprinkler protection, fire departments cannot provide the level of protection that high-rise buildings demand. Existing high-rise buildings that are not protected with automatic sprinklers represent a significant hazard to occupants and fire fighters, and can significantly impact a community’s infrastructure and economic viability in the event of a fire loss. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

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Appendix N Indoor Trade Shows and Exhibitions. This appendix was created to address the hazards that are associated with larger, more complex trade shows and exhibitions. Although many of these requirements are already included in various locations in this code, some of the more important items, such as requirements for covered booths and multiple-story booths, are not. The intent is to have the requirements covering these events in a single location. The provisions are essentially a series of pointers to other locations within this code. This assists those organizing exhibitions and individual exhibitors unfamiliar with the fire code. The appendix can be adopted by jurisdictions looking for specific regulations on this subject or used as a guide where it is not. Note that the provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.

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xxvi 2019 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE Copyright © 2019 ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Accessed by Kevin Day (kevin.day@dgs.ca.gov), (California Building Standards Commission) Order Number #100735044 on Jul 24, 2019 03:54 PM (PDT) pursuant to License Agreement with ICC. No further reproduction or distribution authorized. Single user only, copying and networking prohibited. ANY UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION IS A VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL COPYRIGHT ACT AND THE LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND SUBJECT TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PENALTIES THEREUNDER.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I—Administrative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . 3

DIVISION I—CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION . . . 3

Section

1.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

DIVISION II—ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Section

101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

102 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PART 2—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. . . . . . . 13

103 Department of Fire Prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

104 General Authority and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . 14

105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

106 Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

107 Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

108 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

109 Board of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

110 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

111 Unsafe Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

112 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

113 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Section

201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

202 General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Part II—General Safety Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . 73

Section

301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

303 Asphalt Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

304 Combustible Waste Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

305	Ignition Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
306	Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film . . . . . . 76
307	Open Burning, Recreational Fires
	and Portable Outdoor Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
308	Open Flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
309	Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment . . . . . . . 79
310	Smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
311	Vacant Premises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
312	Vehicle Impact Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
313	Fueled Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
314	Indoor Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
315	General Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
316	Hazards to Fire Fighters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
317	Rooftop Gardens and Landscaped Roofs. . . . . . . . . 85
318	Laundry Carts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
319	Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
320	Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other
	Limited Access Highways [SFM]. . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Section

401 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

403 Emergency Preparedness Requirements . . . . . . . . . 91

404 Fire Safety, Evacuation and Lockdown Plans . . . . . 98

405 Emergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

406 Employee Training and Response Procedures. . . . 102

407 Hazard Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Part III—Building and

Equipment Design Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES . . . . . . . 107

Section

501 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

502 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

504 Access to Building Openings and Roofs . . . . . . . . 109

505 Premises Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

506 Key Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

507 Fire Protection Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

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807 Decorative Materials and Artificial Decorative

Vegetation in New and Existing Buildings . . . . 145

808 Furnishings Other than Upholstered

Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings . . . . . 148

508	Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
509	Fire Protection and Utility Equipment
	Identification and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
510	Emergency Responder Radio Coverage. . . . . . . . . 112

CHAPTER 6 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
AND SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Section
601	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
602	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
603	Fuel-fired Appliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
604	Electrical Equipment, Wiring and Hazards . . . . . . 122
605	Mechanical Refrigeration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
606	Elevator Operation, Maintenance
	and Fire Service Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
607	Commercial Kitchen Hoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
608	Commercial Kitchen Cooking Oil Storage . . . . . . 128
609	Hyperbaric Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE	CHAPTER 7 FIRE AND SMOKE
PROTECTION FEATURES . . . . . . . . 131 Section
701	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
702	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
703	Penetrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
704	Joints and Voids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
705	Door and Window Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
706	Duct and Air Transfer Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
707	Concealed Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
708	Exterior Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH,	CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH,
	DECORATIVE MATERIALS
AND FURNISHINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Section
801	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
802	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
803	Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish
	in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
804	Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim and
	Interior Floor Finish in New and
	Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
805	Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses in
	New and Exisiting Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
806	Natural Decorative Vegetation in New and
	Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

CHA	PTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION AND
LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . 157 Section
901	General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
902	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
903	Automatic Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
904	Alternative Automatic
	Fire-extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
905	Standpipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
906	Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
907	Fire Alarm and Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
908	Emergency Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
909	Smoke Control Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
910	Smoke and Heat Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
911	Explosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
912	Fire Department Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
913	Fire Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
914	Fire Protection Based on Special Detailed
	Requirements of Use and Occupancy . . . . . . . . 215
915	Carbon Monoxide Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
916	Gas Detection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
917	Mass Notification Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Section	Section
1001	Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
1002	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
1003	General Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
1004	Occupant Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
1005	Means of Egress Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
1006	Numbers of Exits and Exit Access Doorways . . . 232
1007	Exit and Exit Access Doorway Configuration . . . 235
1008	Means of Egress Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
1009	Accessible Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
1010	Doors, Gates and Turnstiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
1011	Stairways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
1012	Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
1013	Exit Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
1014	Handrails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

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1015	Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
1016	Exit Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
1017	Exit Access Travel Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
1018	Aisles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
1019	Exit Access Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
1020	Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
1021	Egress Balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
1022	Exits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
1023	Interior Exit Stairways and Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
1024	Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
1025	Luminous Egress Path Markings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
1026	Horizontal Exits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
1027	Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps. . . . . . . . . . . . 269
1028	Exit Discharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
1029	Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
1030	Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
1031	Maintenance of the Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . 280

CHAPTER 11 CONSTRUCTION

	REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . 285
	EXISTING BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . 285
Section	Section
1101	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
1102	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
1103	Fire Safety Requirements for
	Existing Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
1104	Means of Egress for Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . 295
1105	Construction Requirements for
	Existing Group I-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
1106	Requirements for Outdoor Operations . . . . . . . . . 304
1107	Group A Public Address System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
1113	Existing Group R-1 and Group R-2
	Occupancies [SFM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
1114	Existing High-rise Buildings [SFM] . . . . . . . . . . . 306
1115	Existing Group 1 Occupancies [SFM] . . . . . . . . . 309
1116	Existing Group L Occupancies [SFM] . . . . . . . . . 310

CHAPTER 12 ENERGY SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Section

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS 13 through 19 RESERVED. . . . . . . . . . . 329

Part IV—Special Occupancies and Operations . . . . . . . 333

CHA	PTER 20 AVIATION FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . 333
Section	Section
2001	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
2002	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
2003	General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
2004	Aircraft Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
2005	Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
2006	Aircraft Fueling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
2007	Helistops and Heliports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

CHA	PTER 21 DRY CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Section	Section
2101	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
2102	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
2103	Classifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
2104	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
2105	Operating Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
2106	Spotting and Pretreating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
2107	Dry Cleaning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
2108	Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

CHAPTER 22 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-

PRODUCING OPERATIONS . . . . . 349

Section

2201	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
2202	Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
2203	Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
2204	Additional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

CHAPTER 23 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING

1201	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
1202	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
1203	Emergency and Standby Power Systems . . . . . . . 315
1204	Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
1205	Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 319
1206	Electrical Energy Storage Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

	FACILITIES AND REPAIR
GARAGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Section
2301	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
2302	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
2303	Location of Dispensing Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
2304	Dispensing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
2305	Operational Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
2306	Flammable and Combustible Liquid Motor
	Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
2307	Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor
	Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

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2308 Compressed Natural Gas Motor	2704	Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361	2705	Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
2309 Hydrogen Motor Fuel-dispensing
and Generation Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363	CHAPTER 28 LUMBER YARDS AND	CHAPTER 28 LUMBER YARDS AND
2310 Marine Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . 364		AGRO-INDUSTRIAL,
2311 Repair Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366		SOLID BIOMASS AND WOODWORKING
CHAPTER 24 FLAMMABLE FINISHES. . . . . . . . . 373 Section 2401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 2402 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 2403 Protection of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 2404 Spray Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 2405 Dipping Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 2406 Powder Coating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 2407 Electrostatic Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 2408 Organic Peroxides and Dual-component Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382	FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Section 2801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2803 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2804 Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2805 Plywood, Veneer and Composite Board Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2806 Log Storage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2807 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material Associated with Timber and Lumber Production Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408	FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Section 2801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2803 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 2804 Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2805 Plywood, Veneer and Composite Board Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2806 Log Storage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 2807 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material Associated with Timber and Lumber Production Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
2409 Indoor Manufacturing of Reinforced Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382	2808	Storage and Processing of Wood Chips, Hogged Material, Fines, Compost,
2410 Floor Surfacing and Finishing Operations . . . . . . 383		Solid Biomass Feedstock and Raw Product
		Associated with Yard Waste,
CHAPTER 25 FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING . . . . 387		Agro-industrial and Recycling Facilities . . . . . 409
Section 2501 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 2502 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 2503 Ethylene Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387	2809 2810	Exterior Storage of Finished Lumber and Solid Biofuel Products . . . . . . . . . 409 Outdoor Storage of Pallets at Pallet Manufacturing and Recycling Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
2504 Sources of Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387	CHAPTER 29 MANUFACTURE OF	CHAPTER 29 MANUFACTURE OF
2505 Combustible Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387		ORGANIC COATINGS. . . . . . . . . . . 413
2506 Ethylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387	Section	Section
2507 Warning Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387	2901	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
	2902	Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
CHAPTER 26 FUMIGATION AND INSECTICIDAL FOGGING. . . . . . . 391	2903 2904	General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Electrical Equipment and Protection . . . . . . . . . . 413
Section	2905	Process Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
2601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 2602 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 2603 Fire Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391	2906 2907 2908 2909	Process Mills and Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Process Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Raw Materials in Process Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Raw Materials and Finished Products . . . . . . . . . 415
CHAPTER 27 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES . . . . . 395 Section 2701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 2702 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395	CHAPTER 30 INDUSTRIAL OVENS . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Section 3001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 3002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 3003 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419	CHAPTER 30 INDUSTRIAL OVENS . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Section 3001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 3002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 3003 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
2703 General Safety Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395	3004	Fuel Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

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3005	Interlocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
3006	Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
3007	Operation and Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

CHAPTER 31 TENTS, TEMPORARY SPECIAL

EVENT STRUCTURES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES. . . . . . 423

Section

3101	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
3102	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
3103	Temporary Tents and Membrane Structures. . . . . 424
3104	Temporary and Permanent Tents and Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
3105	Temporary Special Event Structures. . . . . . . . . . . 428
3106	Outdoor Assembly Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
3107	Operational Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

CHAPTER 32 HIGH-PILED

Sectio	COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE . . . . . . 437 on
Sectio	n
3201	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
3202	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
3203	Commodity Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
3204	Designation of High-piled Storage Areas . . . . . . . 449
3205	Housekeeping and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
3206	General Fire Protection and Life Safety Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
3207	Solid-piled and Shelf Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
3208	Rack Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
3209	Automated Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
3210	Specialty Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

CHAPTER 33 FIRE SAFETY DURING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3314	Automatic Sprinkler System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
3315	Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
3316	Motorized Construction Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 460
3317	Safeguarding Roofing Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

CHAPTER 34 TIRE REBUILDING

AND TIRE STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Section

3401	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3402	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3403	Tire Rebuilding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3404	Precautions Against Fire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3405	Outdoor Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3406	Fire Department Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
3407	Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
3408	Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
3409	Indoor Storage Arrangement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

CHAPTER 35 WELDING AND

OTHER HOT WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Section

3501	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
3502	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
3503	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
3504	Fire Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
3505	Gas Welding and Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
3506	Electric Arc Hot Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
3507	Calcium Carbide Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
3508	Acetylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
3509	Piping Manifolds and Hose Systems for
	Fuel Gases and Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
3510	Hot Work on Flammable and
	Combustible Liquid Storage Tanks . . . . . . . . . 472

CHAPTER 36 MARINAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Sectio	n475
3601	Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
3602	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
3603	General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
3604	Fire Protection Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
3605	Marine Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . 476

CHAPTER 37 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS . . . . . . . . . 479

Section

3701	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
3702	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

	CONSTRUCTION AND
	DEMOLITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Section	Section
3301	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
3302	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
3303	Temporary Heating Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
3304	Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
3305	Flammable and Combustible Liquids . . . . . . . . . . 458
3306	Flammable Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
3307	Explosive Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
3308	Owner’s Responsibility for Fire Protection. . . . . . 458
3309	Fire Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
3310	Access for Fire Fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
3311	Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
3312	Water Supply for Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
3313	Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

3703	General Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
3704	Loose Fiber Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
3705	Baled Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

CHAPTER 38 RESERVED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

CHA	PTER 39 PROCESSING AND EXTRACTION
	FACILITITES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Section	Section
3901	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
3902	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
3903	Processing and Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
3904	Systems and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
3905	Safety Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
CHAPTERS 40 through 47 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . 489
*CHAPTER 48 MOTION PICTURE AND*	*CHAPTER 48 MOTION PICTURE AND*
	*TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIO*
	*SOUND STAGES, APPROVED*
	*PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND*
	*PRODUCTION LOCATIONS. . . . . . . . 493*
Section	Section
_4801 _	General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
_4802 _	Occupancy Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
_4803 _	Required Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
_4804 _	General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
_4805 _	Fire-extinguishing Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
_4806 _	Fire Detection Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
_4807 _	Fire Safety Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
_4808 _	Electrical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
_4809 _	Mechanical Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
_4810 _	Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
_4811 _	Production Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

CHAPTER 49 REQUIREMENTS FOR

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREAS . . . . . . . . . 499

Section

4906	Hazardous Vegetation and
	Fuel Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
_4907 _	Defensible Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Part V—Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

CHAPTER 50 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS—

Sectio	GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . 503 on
Sectio	n
5001	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
5002	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
5003	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
5004	Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
5005	Use, Dispensing and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

CHA	PTER 51 AEROSOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Section	Section
5101	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
5102	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
5103	Classification of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
5104	Inside Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . 531
5105	Outside Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
5106	Retail Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
5107	Manufacturing Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
CHAPTER 52 RESERVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
CHAPTER 53 COMPRESSED GASES . . . . . . . . . . 541
Section	Section
5301	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
5302	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
5303	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
5304	Storage of Compressed Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
5305	Use and Handling of Compressed Gases . . . . . . . 545
5306	Medical Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
5307	Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated. . . . 547

CHA	PTER 54 CORROSIVE MATERIALS. . . . . . . 551
Section	Section
5401	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
5402	Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
5403	General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
5404	Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
5405	Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

4901	General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
_4902 _	Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
_4903 _	Plans [RESERVED] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
_4904 _	Fire Hazard Severity Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
_4905 _	Wildfire Protection Building
	Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

xxxii 2019 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

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CHAPTER 55 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . 555

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5803	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
5804	Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
5805	Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
5806	Flammable Cryogenic Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
5807	Metal Hydride Storage Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
5808	Hydrogen Fuel Gas Rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
5809	Mobile Gaseous Fueling of
	Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

CHAPTER 59 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS . . . . . . . . . . 651

Sectio	n
5901	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
5902	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
5903	General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
5904	Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
5905	Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
5906	Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

CHAPTER 60 HIGHLY TOXIC AND

Sectio	TOXIC MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . 657 on
Sectio	n
6001	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
6002	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
6003	Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids. . . . . 657
6004	Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases. . . . . 658
6005	Ozone Gas Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Sectio	n
5501	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
5502	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
5503	General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
5504	Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
5505	Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
CHAPTER 56 EXPLOSIVES	CHAPTER 56 EXPLOSIVES
	AND FIREWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Section	Section
5601	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
5602	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
5603	Record Keeping and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
5604	Explosive Materials Storage and Handling. . . . . . 568
5605	Manufacture, Assembly and Testing of
	Explosives, Explosive Materials and
	Fireworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
5606	Small Arms Ammunition and Small
	Arms Ammunition Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
5607	Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
5608	Fireworks Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
5609	Temporary Storage of Consumer Fireworks. . . . . 592
5610	Experimental Rockets/unlimited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
_5611 _	Model Rockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
_5612 _	Experimental High Power
	Rockets and Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
_5613 _	Emergency Signaling Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

CHA	PTER 57 FLAMMABLE AND
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . 599 Section
5701	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
5702	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
5703	General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
5704	Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
5705	Dispensing, Use, Mixing and Handling . . . . . . . . 625
5706	Special Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
5707	On-demand Mobile Fueling Operations . . . . . . . . 639
CHAPTER 58 FLAMMABLE GASES	CHAPTER 58 FLAMMABLE GASES
	AND FLAMMABLE
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . 643 Section
5801	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
5802	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

CHAPTER 61 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES . . . . . . . . . . . 667
PETROLEUM GASES . . . . . . . . . . . 667 Section
6101	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
6102	Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
6103	Installation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
6104	Location of LP-gas Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
6105	Prohibited Use of LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
6106	Dispensing and Overfilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
6107	Safety Precautions and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
6108	Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
6109	Storage of Portable LP-gas Containers
	Awaiting Use or Resale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
6110	LP-gas Containers Not in Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
6111	Parking and Garaging of
	LP-gas Tank Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
CHAPTER 62 ORGANIC PEROXIDES. . . . . . . . . . 675
Section	Section
6201	General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

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6703 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

6704 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

6705 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

CHAPTERS 68 through 79 RESERVED. . . . . . . . . . . 701

Part VI—Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

CHAPTER 80 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 705

Part VII—Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731