Appendix Q — COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

(Not adopted by the State Fire Marshal)

• The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Fire Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same.

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COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fire spread has significant impact on communities well beyond the loss of structures, including commu- nity evacuation and incident response. Pre-fire planning and hazard mitigation impact how the fire develops, how the life safety of residents and first responders is impacted during evacuations, and the extent of structural and infrastructure losses. There is a need to document pre-fire hazard in a way that assesses the fire impact beyond potential structural losses.

This appendix contains a preliminary Community WUI Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework as a suggested methodology to begin to support communities at risk in the identification of their unique hazards and to provide common metrics for comparisons between communities. This preliminary framework includes information on community size, population and fuels; on notification and evacua- tion; and on the community infrastructure and firefighting response potential. Aspects of this framework may already be included in various community-level documents, such as Community Wildfire Protection Plans or evacuation plans. Development of a standard framework will (1) consolidate relevant WUI fire hazard and planning information in one place, and (2) allow for cross-community comparisons.

and on the community infrastructure and firefighting response potential. Aspects of this framework may already be included in_ various community-level documents, such as Community Wildfire Protection Plans or evacuation plans. Development of a standard framework will (1) consolidate relevant WUI fire hazard and planning information in one place, and (2) allow for cross-community comparisons.

The evaluation required to implement this framework will support pre-fire hazard assessment and during-fire response operations. An increased understanding of fire-evacuation, fire-structural response and fire-defensive actions relationships is needed to assess the overall community WUI fire hazard. The quantification of these relationships will enable communities to optimize the community-level response to WUI fire hazards in a more integrated approach and result in increased life safety and reduced losses.

Definitions

The Community WUI Hazard Evaluation Framework presented here is intended for communities as small as a few hundred to tens of thousands of residents. The methodology is not intended for the documentation of single residences or large cities. It is intended to provide a community with an overview of the overall WUI fire-related hazards and to enable the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) to compare the relative hazards and preparedness levels of different communities. The information collected can be used by first respond- ers and community and county officials to prioritize hazard mitigation within and around the community and to develop “tabletop” responses to different WUI fire scenarios. In the event of an actual WUI fire, the information collected could be used by first responders and local officials to safely evacuate civilians, to reduce the risk of first responder injuries and to enhance fire containment. The following are definitions and uses of the different components of the Community WUI Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework. This framework may be expanded to include additional characteristics that are not specifically listed in this preliminary version.

Community

In the sense of WUI fire hazard, the community should be viewed in the context of evacuation arteries rather than jurisdictional boundar- ies. As such, the community may have parts that are incorporated or unincorporated. Community size is reported in acres, and the community boundary selected for this hazard evaluation can be provided for use in a geographic information system (GIS) layer in a number of formats, including but not limited to shapefile, geodatabase or Geo-Package. A topographic overview of the area (commu- nity) is used to describe the general conditions using one or more of the following key words: flat terrain, rolling hills, moderate slopes, valleys, steep slopes and/or plateau.

Information about prevailing weather patterns, such as localized winds or significant wind events (strength and direction), should also be included in the community profile.

Fuels

The fuels section is intended to provide an overview of the structural, vegetative and other fuels present in the community. This is not a parcel-level assessment; however, if defensible space assessment data is available, it can be aggregated and utilized within this frame- work to provide higher resolution assessment of community fire hazard. Structure density is a simple metric to capture structure-to- structure spacing and provide insight on the potential structure-to-structure fire spread. For uniform communities, a representative structure separation distance (SSD) may be sufficient, whereas nonuniform communities will be better described using a histogram of SSD. The age of structures may also be a factor in structure vulnerability due to changes in building codes associated with structure hardening. Similarly, a community that was built over a short period of time can be represented by a single value representing the decade of construction, while a community that grew and expanded over long periods will be better represented by a histogram of struc- ture ages. A database such as LANDFIRE [1] can provide the vegetative fuel type and fuel loading throughout the community. This data will be limited by the age of the last LANDFIRE overflight and the 100 feet (30 meters) pixel spatial resolution.

Natural and artificial fuel breaks, including fuel treatments within and around the community, should be represented in a geospatial format and should include the year the vegetative fuel treatment was conducted. Fuel treatments should also include any logging activ- ities in the area surrounding the community. Fire history in and around the community will describe the last time the community

1. Landfire website: https://www.landfire.gov/

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APPENDIX Q—COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

experienced direct impacts from fire. Shapefiles of the fuel treatments and fire history will allow for spatial documentation of this data. Fuel treatments and fire history should be documented at least 10 miles (16 km) out from the edge of the community. Local conditions (e.g., fuel, topography, weather, evacuation routes) may require documentation well beyond 10 miles (16 km). The last large fire in the area of the community perimeter, together with the vegetative fuel loading, will provide information on the potential energy content of the vegetative fuels in the event of a short- or long-term drought.

The documentation of other community hazards, such as hazmat or high fuel load facilities (e.g., fixed propane tanks, hazardous material storage and use facilities, ammunition facilities lumber yards, pallet storage, tire storage), is important as they can affect civil- ians and first responder safety during evacuations, fire containment and mop-up activities. The information should be provided in the form of a GIS layer and may then be used by first responders to develop “tabletop” responses for emergency preparedness, and to direct response actions during a WUI fire event.

Population

The population of the selected community will impact, among other factors, the minimum time required for evacuation. Population and population density, expressed as the number of residents per acre, are both important metrics that provide information that can be used for evacuation assessment. The permanent to transient population density ratio is intended to capture the fraction of the community that may be visiting for tourism and may not be aware of community evacuation and other fire related activities.

Notification

The notification section of the Community WUI Hazard Evaluation is designed to capture the presence and type of mass-notification tools available to emergency managers. It should be noted that reliance on individual notification methods may result in limited notifications. If a Reverse 911 system is in place, the percentage of the community that will potentially receive the notifications from this system will estimate the number of residents that may require different notification(s). Sirens or other fixed notification systems with power backup should also be listed in this section along with the fraction of the population covered by these systems. Additional notification systems that don’t require phone or internet are also captured in this section, since WUI events frequently result in power outages or other service interruptions.

Evacuation

This section of the Community WUI Hazard Evaluation is not intended to replace a full community evacuation study or act as a commu- nity evacuation plan. The primary purpose of this section is to compute, given a number of assumptions, a Minimum Throughput Time (MTT), to provide an initial idealized order of magnitude time to be considered in the early stages of evacuation pre-planning. This infor- mation can be of value to first responders and community emergency planning personnel, as it may potentially highlight critical evacuation bottlenecks inside or outside the community.

The MTT concept is a traffic engineering calculation of roadway capacity to provide an initial lower bound for planning community evacuation. The MTT is intended for isolated and partly isolated interface and intermix communities rather than a city setting with large populations and complex evacuation routes. A community should consider a detailed evacuation study to further enhance the commu- nity evacuation plan. There is a significant body of work associated with developing dynamic evacuation models. [2]

ommunity_ evacuation. The MTT is intended for isolated and partly isolated interface and intermix communities rather than a city setting with large populations and complex evacuation routes. A community should consider a detailed evacuation study to further enhance the commu- nity evacuation plan. There is a significant body of work associated with developing dynamic evacuation models. [2]

The MTT considers two significant factors: bottlenecks within and beyond town, and the total number of vehicles that must be accom- modated. Bottlenecks slowing traffic throughput may be located within or outside of jurisdictional boundaries. Bottlenecks occurring well beyond the evacuating community may cause ripple effects significantly impacting community evacuation. In identifying the popu- lation for computing the MTT, consideration should be given to neighboring settlements/communities that may share the same evacuation route(s). The MTT should consider the minimum number of traffic lanes (i.e., 8 lanes merging into 2 lanes should be treated as 2 lanes) available for evacuation, the community population and the average speed limit of the egress routes. Contraflow, the imple- mentation of reverse direction traffic flow, may be considered here, along with provisions for first responder access to the community. The computed Minimum Throughput Time (MTT) does not account for any of the numerous potential hindrances to evacuation traffic, such as road accidents, reduced speed due to smoke obscuration, merging of traffic in town to feed the primary arteries, large vehicles that occupy more space than cars and have reduced maneuverability, or fire activity impacts, such as burn overs, causing evacuation lane(s) closures and potential slowdowns associated with traffic redirections.

The evacuation section is also used to identify vulnerabilities of egress arteries including vegetative fuel setbacks as well as any hazardous material facilities which might affect evacuation. Fuel setback information, collected in 0.15 miles (0.25 km) increments along egress routes, presented in the form of a histogram and a GIS layer, could help identify vulnerable spots that may potentially impact evacuation and identify candidate locations for fuel treatments.

The presence of a Community Evacuation Plan, the presence and capacity of safety zones and other large crowd assembly areas, and whether evacuation drills are performed will contribute to the community evacuation preparedness overview. The number of hospitals and senior care facilities and their total capacity will provide further information to assess overall community evacuation needs.

2. An example of a framework which includes coupled fire and evacuation considerations, as well as background on the individual model components, is provided in Ronchi et al. (2019) “An open multi-physics framework for modelling WUI fire evacuations,” Safety Science 118:868-880.

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APPENDIX Q—COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

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APPENDIX Q—COMMUNITY WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK

Infrastructure / COOP / COG

The locations and needs of key facilities for maintaining continuity of operations (COOP) and continuity of government (COG), such as police, fire, EMS, hospitals, government buildings, cell towers, water sources, water provider infrastructure, electrical utility key infra- structure and natural gas key infrastructure should be listed and incorporated in this part of the evaluation framework.

Infrastructure characteristics, particularly related to water supply and electric utilities, can impact response and potential pre-fire hazard reduction. The public water system dependence on power supply, including the availability of backup power sources (i.e., gener- ator backup) will provide insight into the resilience of the water system. The location of power lines (i.e., above or below ground) can impact evacuation, as downed power lines can impact evacuation and mobility throughout the community.

Firefighting Response

The type of fire department, whether volunteer, career, or combined, may impact the likely availability and response time of first responder resources. The density of firefighting (ff) responders, as a ratio of the number of personnel on shift to the number of structures (number of ffs/number of structures) will provide information on the maximum possible coverage by the local resources.

In this section, mutual aid resources should be counted only if mutual aid agreements are in place and can ensure rapid deployment. Mutual aid response is captured through a histogram in 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-hour travel times. This may also be approximated using a geographic radius of distance from the community. The purpose of this information is to provide insight into the minimum response times by mutual aid.

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Air-Supported Structures (see Tents and Other Membrane Structures) Chapter 31 Defined 202

Permit 105.5.51 Aisle(s) 202, 308.1.9, 1018, 1030.14, 1030.9 Aisle accessways 202, 1018.4, 1030.13 Assembly seating 1030 Bleachers 1030.1.1

Business 1018.3

Construction 1030.12

Egress 1018, 1030 Folding and telescopic seating 1030.1.1

Grandstands 1030.1.1

Hazardous materials 5003.11.1.1.9 High-piled combustible storage 3205.5, 3206.10 Mercantile 1018.3, 1018.4 Obstruction of 1030.9.6.1, 1032.3,

1032.5

Tables 1030.13.1

Tents 3103.11.5

Transitions 1030.10

Travel distance 1030.7

Width 1018.3, 1030.9.1, 1104.22, 3206.10.1, 5904.1.2 Alarm 903.4.3, 2405.9.3, 2703.13.2.1,

6004.2.2.10.1

Activations 401.3.2

Audible 907.5.2.1 Coded signals 405.5 Notification appliance 202, 907.5.2.3 Nuisance alarm 202, 907.8.3 Signals 903.4.2, 2703.12.3 Testing 901.5, 901.6, 904.4.2 Visible 907.5.2.3

Warning signs 904.3.4 Alarm, Smoke (see Smoke Alarms) Alarm Signal Defined 202

Alcohol-Based Hand Rub 5001.1, 5705.5 Defined 202

Alcohol-Blended Fuels Compatibility of components 2306.8.2 Defined 202

Dispensing 2306.8 Listed equipment 2306.8.1 Alteration 101.2, 102.4, 102.6, Section 105, 108.5, 110.5, Section 115, 311.3, 315.3.2, 316.3, 507.5.2, Section 605, 901.4.3, 903.2.12, 907.5.2.3, 1103.8.2, 1103.8.3, 2705.3.2.1, 3301.1, 3303.1, 3305.6, 3306.6, 3307.1.3, 3310.1, 4101.1 Alternating Tread Device 202, 1011.14 Alternative Automatic Fire-Extinguishing Systems 904 Alternative Materials and Methods 104.2.3 Ambulatory Care Facility (Occupancy Group B) 202 Automatic sprinklers 903.2.2.1 Existing Appendix K Fire alarm systems 907.2.2.1 Smoke compartments 1026.4.1 Ammonia Diffusion systems 608.13.7 Flaring system 608.13.6

Abandoned Premises (see Vacant Premises) Abandonment Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 5704.2.13 Acceptance Testing Fire protection system installations 901.5, 904.4, 907.7 Fire pumps 913.5.1 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 5704.2.12.1 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms 907.7.1 Smoke control systems 909.18 Access, Fire Department Aviation facilities 2003.4

Construction and demolition sites

3307.1 Doors for 504.2, 3205.5, 3206.7 Equipment to 509 High-piled storage buildings 3206.6 Tire storage 3406 Access Roads, Fire Apparatus 503 Aviation facilities 2003.4 Bridges 503.2.6 Building openings and roofs 504 Defined 202 High-piled storage 3206.6 Lumber yards 2803.6, 2809.3 Obstructions 503.4

Tents and membrane structures

3103.7.1 Accessible Means of Egress 202, 1009 Area of refuge 202, 1009.6 Signage 1009.10, 1009.11, 1009.9, 1013.4

Two-way communication 1009.6.5, 1009.8 Where required 1009.2, 1009.3.3, 1009.4.2 Assembly 1009.1, 1030.8 Elevators 1009.2.1, 1009.4, 1009.8,

1203.2.2

Exterior area for assisted rescue (see Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue) Horizontal exits (see Horizontal Exits) Mezzanine 1009.2

Platform lifts 1009.5

Stairways 1009.3 Acetylene (see Welding and Other Hot Work) Gas 3505.4

Generators 3508 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) 202, 319 Industrial 319.3

Nonindustrial 319.2

Permits 105.5.1

Address Number (see Premises Identification) Administration

Alternative methods and materials

104.2.3, 501.4 Applicability 102 Approval 104.7.1, 401.2, 2307.2, 2308.2, 3103.2, 5706.4.7.1 Approved materials and equipment 104.9

INDEX

Emergencies 104.11 General 101

Inspections 104.7.2, 109 Maintenance 110 Means of appeals 112.1 Permits 104.3, 105 Right of entry 104.4 Unsafe buildings 115 Violations 113

Aerosol Container

Defined 202

Glass 5101.4

Plastic 5101.4, 5104.1.1 Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing Systems 904.13 Aerosol Product Warehouse 202, 5104.4 Aerosols Chapter 51 Aerosol cooking spray products 202 Aerosol product 202 Classification levels 5103.1 Classification of products Table 5103.1

Defined 202 Inside storage 5104 Manufacturing facilities 5107 Nonsegregated storage 5104.3.1, Table 5104.3.1 Outside storage 5105 Permit required 105.5.2 Retail display 5106 Segregated storage 5104.3.2, Table 5104.3.2

Agency Defined 202

Agent Defined 202 Agricultural Building (Occupancy Group U) Defined 202

Occupant load Table 1004.5 Agricultural Products 3703.4, 6001.1 Agro-Industrial Byproducts 2801.1 Defined 202

Facilities 2804.1, 2808.1 Aircraft Defueling 2006.5, 2006.18 Fueling 2006 Hangars 914.8.3 Maintenance 2004 Aircraft Motor-Vehicle Fuel-Dispensing Facility 2006.1, 2301.1 Defined 202 Aircraft Operation Area (AOA) Defined 202 Housekeeping in 2003.3 Smoking prohibited 2003.2 Aircraft-Related Occupancies, Fire Protection for 914.8 Air-Inflated Structures (see Tents and Other Membrane Structures) Defined 202

Permit 105.5.51 Airport Defined 202 Airport Traffic Control Towers 907.2.22, 914.8.1, 914.8.2

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INDEX

Refrigerant 608.13.4 Treatment system 608.13.5 Ammonium Nitrate 5601.1.5

Defined 202 Ammunition, Small Arms 202, 5606 Storage and handling 105.5.16, 5601.2.1, 5604 Amusement Building, Special (see Special Amusement Building) Amusement Park Structures (Assembly, Group A-5) Defined 202

Annunciator

Defined 202

Appeals, Board of 112, Appendix A Appliances 608.8 Chimneys 605.2.1 Commercial kitchen hoods 606 Cooking 5705.3.3 Fuel-fired 605

Gas piping connection 606.4 Heating 605.5, 4102.1, 5705.3.3 Heat-producing 2301.6 Lighting 5705.3.3 Unsafe 605.2 Applicability (of the code) 102 Approved Agency 202 Additive manufacturing 319.3.2 Combustible decorative materials

807.3 Evaluation report 104.2.3.6.1 Fire-retardant treatment 806.1.4

Inspection report 109.2 Interior floor finish 804.3.2

Labels 805.1.1.3, 805.1.2.3, 805.2.2.3, 805.3.1.3, 805.3.2.3, 805.4.1.3,

805.4.2.3 Smoke control testing 909.18.8.3 Temporary special event structure 3105.5.1 Arc Welding (see Welding and Other Hot Work) Area of Refuge (see Accessible Means of Egress) 202, 1009.6 Array (storage) 3205.8, 3207.4 Defined 202 Array, Closed (storage) 202, 3205.8, 3207.4 Artificial Barricade (see Barricade) Artificial Combustible Vegetation 321 Ash Trays 310.6 Ashes, Hot 305.2 Asphalt (Tar) Kettles 303, 3305.10.1 Asphyxiant Gases 5004.7.1, 5307.1 Assembly Occupancies (Group A) 203 Announcements 403.2.2

Automatic sprinklers 903.2 Candles 308 Cellulose nitrate film 105.5.6, 306 Decorative materials 806, 807 Defined (Occupancy classification) 202 Emergency evacuation drill 405 Employee training 406 Evacuation plans 404 Fire alarm systems 907.2.1 Fire safety plans 404 Furnishings 807.5.1 Interior finish 803

LP-gas installations Chapter 61 Means of egress 1030 Aisles 1018.2, 1030.9, 1030.10,

1030.11

Exit signs 1013.1 Guards 1015.2, 1030.17 Main exit 1030.3

Open air 1005.3.1, 1005.3.2, 1006.3, 1009.6.4, 1019.3, 1027,

1030.6.2

Panic hardware 1010.2.8, 1010.4.1 Smoke-protected 1005.3.1, 1005.3.2, 1006.3, 1009.6.4, 1019.3, 1027, 1030.6.2 Travel distance 1017.2, 1006.3, 1030.7, 1006.2.1 Motion picture projection rooms 306.1 Multiple fire areas 903.2.1.7 Obstruction of exits 1032.3

Occupant load calculation 1004 On roofs 903.2.1.6 Open-flame devices 308.3 Panic hardware 1010.2.8

Permits required 105.5.40 Portable fire extinguishers 906 Posting maximum occupant load 1004.3 Prohibit smoking 310 Pyroxylin plastic motion picture film storage 306.1 Pyroxylin-coated fabric 807.5.1.4 Seating 1030 Seating plan 403.2.1 Standpipe systems 905 Storage, flammable liquids 5704.3.4.2 Tents Chapter 31 Vehicles in 3108.14.4 Assisted Rescue Areas, Exterior (see Exterior Areas of Assisted Rescue) Atrium 202 Means of egress 1006.3.2, 1017.3, 1019.3, 1023.2, 1028.2 Sprinklers 914.4.1 Atrium Fire Protection 907.2.15, 914.4 Attic 202 Automatic fire alarm systems 907.2.11.2, 907.2.8.1, 907.2.9.1 Automatic sprinkler system 903.3.1.2.3 Combustible storage 315.3.4 Existing fire alarm systems 1103.7.5.1, 1103.7.5.2 Smoke alarms in existing buildings 1103.8.2, 1103.8.3 Automated Rack Storage Defined 202 Emergency shutdown 3209.4 Automatic Fire-Extinguishing System (see Fire-Extinguishing Systems, Alternative) Automatic Smoke Detection System Defined 202 Automatic Sprinkler System 2108.2, 2703.10, 2804.4, 3206.4, 3209.2, 3306.5,

6304.1.2 Aerosol product warehouses 5104.4.1 Alarms 903.4.3, 2703.10.5 Attics 903.3.1.2.3

Basements 903.2.11.1.3

Chutes 1103.4.9.3

Defined 202

Dip-tank operations 2405.4 Gas rooms 5003.8.4.1

Group A 903.2.1, 1103.5.1 Group B 903.2.2.1 Group E 903.2.3 Group F-1 903.2.4 Group H 903.2.5 Group I 903.2.6, 1103.5.2, 1103.5.3 Group M 903.2.7 Group R 903.2.8 Group S-1 903.2.9 Group S-2 903.2.10 Hazardous exhaust ducts 903.2.11.4 High-piled storage 903.2.7.1 Hose threads 903.3.6

Installation requirements 903.3 Kitchen exhaust hood and ducts

systems 903.2.11.5 Limited area 903.3.8

Monitoring 903.4.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems 903.3.1.1 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems 903.3.1.3 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems 903.3.1.2 Open-ended corridors 903.3.1.2.2 Pyroxylin plastics 903.2.5.3, 1103.5.5 Repair garages 903.2.9.1 Retroactive requirements 1103.5, Appendix M Riser rooms 901.4.7

Rubbish and linen chutes 903.2.11.2 Secondary water supply 914.3.2 Spray rooms 2404.6 Vertical water supply zone 914.3.1.1.1, 914.3.1.1.2

Water supplies 903.3.5 Windowless stories 903.2.11.1 Woodworking operations 903.2.4.1 Zones 907.6.4 Automatic Sprinklers Defined 202 Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) 910.2, Table 3206.2, Table 3208.3, Table 5104.3.2.2, 5104.4.3 Obstructions to discharge 315.3.1, 903.3.3 Quick response (QR) 903.3.2, Table 5704.3.6.3(5) Residential 903.3.2 Automatic Water Mist System 202, 904.11 Automobile Undercoating (see Spray Finishing) Automotive Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facility 202, Chapter 23 Average Ambient Sound Level 907.5.2.1.1 Defined 202

Aviation Facilities (see Aircraft-Related Occupancies, Fire Protection for) Chapter 20 Cleaning parts 2004.3 Combustible storage 2003.6 Dispensing hoses and nozzles 2006.3.3 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids 2003.5 Fire protection 914.8 Fueling and defueling 2006 Portable fire extinguishers 2005 Radar equipment 2006.21

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INDEX

Defined 202

Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film

105.5.6, 306 Cellulose Nitrate Plastics

[see Pyroxylin (Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics] Certification of Service Personnel Automatic fire-extinguishing systems 904.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers 906.2.1 Change of Occupancy 102.3 Defined 202 Change of Use 102.3 Chimney Defined 202 Factory-built 605.2.1.4 Masonry 605.2.1.1 Metal 605.2.1.2

Christmas Tree (see Decorative Vegetation) Chutes, Rubbish and Linen 903.2.11.2 Classification

Aerosols 5103 Commodity 3203 Dry cleaning plants and systems 2103.2 Dry cleaning solvent or liquid 202, 2103.1

Flammable and combustible liquids 202

Floor finish materials 804.3.1

Hazardous materials 5001.2

Occupancy 202 Refrigerant 608.4 Clean Agent 202, 904.10 Cleaning Cooking equipment 606.3.3 Flammable liquids used for 2004.3 Piping 3309.2.1 Powder coating 2406.5.1 Repair garages 2311.2.1 Tanks 5706.7.2 Tire rebuilding buffing areas 3403.3 Clearance Storage to ceiling or sprinklers 315.3.1, 903.3.3, 5704.3.5.3

Closed Container 5505.5.2

Defined 202

Closed System 202, 5705.3.7.6 Clothes Dryer Exhaust Ducts 610 CNG Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities 2308 Code Compliance Agency 103 Cold Deck 202, 2806.2 College and University Buildings, Group R-2 403.9.2.1, Table 405.3, 907.2.9.3 Combustible Dust 202, Chapter 22, Table 5003.1.1(1) Combustible Dust-Producing Operations Chapter 22 Dust collection systems 2203.3.1 Dust explosion prevention 2203 Dust explosion screening test 2204 Housekeeping 2203.5 Permit 105.5.7 Sources of ignition 2203.4 Standards 2205

Training 2203.8 Combustible Fibers Chapter 37

Backflow Prevention 903.3.5, 912.6 Balconies 903.3.1.2.1, 1021, 4104.2 Assembly 1030.5 Guards 1015.2 Means of egress 1021, 1030.5 Travel distance 1017.2.1

Barricade Artificial defined (for explosives) 202 Explosives 202, 911.1, Table 911.1, 911.5, Table 5601.8.1(1), 5604.10.5, Table 5604.5.2(1), Table 5605.3, 5605.6, 5607.8 Fire apparatus access road 503.5, 503.5.1, 901.8.1 Natural (for explosives) 202 Placement at fire scene 104.11.1

Basement 202, 605.4.2.8, 903.2.11.1.3, 905.3.1, 2311.4.3, 3003.1, 5704.3.5.1, 5705.3.7.2, 5706.4.4.1, 5904.1.3, 6103.2.1.1, 6204.1.8, 6304.1.5, 6704.1.5 Emergency escape 1031 Means of egress 1006.2, 1006.3.4, 1019.1, 1023.2 Battery Charging (see Powered Industrial Trucks) Battery System, Stationary Lead-Acid

202 Battery System, Stationary Storage 1207 Dedicated-use buildings 1207.7.1 Defined 202

Explosion control 1207.6.3 Fire-resistance-rated

separations 1207.7.4 Group R-3 and R-4 occupancies 1207.11 Indoor installations 1207.7 Nondedicated-use buildings 1207.7.2 Outdoor installations 1207.8

Permit 105.5.14, 105.6.6 Signage 1207.4.8 Special installations 1207.9 Spill control and neutralization 1207.6.2

Ventilation 1207.6.1

Battery Types Flow 202

Lead acid 202 Lithium metal polymer 202 Lithium-ion 202

Nickel cadmium 202

Stationary storage 202 Bin Box 3208.1

Defined 202 Biofuel, Solid (see Solid Biofuel) Biomass Feedstock, Solid (see Solid Biomass Feedstock) Bleachers 202 Means of egress 1030.1.1, 1030.17 Occupant load 1004.4 Separation 903.2.1.5.1, 1030.1.1.1 Board of Appeals Appendix A Boarding House (Occupancy Group R) 203

Bond For explosives 5601.2.4.1 For fireworks display 5601.2.4.2 Bonding and Grounding 2104.2.4, 2106.3.4 Aircraft fueling 2006.3.7.1, 2006.5.2

CNG motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2308.8.1.2.4 Cryogenic fluids 5503.6.2 Organic coating 2904.3 Piping, valves and fittings 5706.4.7.6 Powdered coating 2406.6.4 Roll-coating operations 2405.11 Underground tanks 5706.6.1.8 Vessels 5705.3.2 Bonfires 202, 307.4.1 Permit 105.5.36, 307.2 Breakaway Protection (see Emergency Breakaway Devices) Breakout 202, 1010.3 Breathing Apparatus 2603.3.2 Bridges (see Access Roads, Fire Apparatus) Building 202 Unsafe 115 Vacant (see Vacant Premises) Building Information Card 508.1.6 Building Information Sign Appendix J Building Official 202, 403.10.1.4, 510.1, 3105.2, 3105.4 Duties and powers 104 Building Services and Systems Chapter 6 Bulk Oxygen System 202, Chapter 63 Bulk Plant or Terminal 5706.4

Defined 202

Bulk Transfer 202, 5706.5 Burning (see Open Burning) Business Occupancy (Group B) 203 Alarms and detection 907.2.2 Means of egress Aisles 1018.3

Stairways, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1006.2.1, 1006.3,

1017.2

Sprinklers 903.2.2.1 Butane (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Butylene (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas)

Cabinets

Fire equipment 905.7, 906.8, 2005.7.1 Flammable liquid 5704.3.2 Hazardous material 5003.8.7

Ozone 6005.3.1 Cabinets, Gas 2703.10.2, 2703.13.1.3, 5003.8.6, 5306.2.3, 6004.2.2.3, 6004.3.4 Candles 105.5.38, 308, 806.3 Canopy, Temporary Stage (see Temporary Stage Canopy) Captions, Emergency Voice/Alarm Communication System 907.5.2.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Systems 202,

5307.4 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System 202 Commercial cooking systems 904.14.3 Permit required 105.6.1 Carbon Dioxide Systems Used in Beverage Dispensing 5307.3 Carbon Monoxide Alarms and Detection

Systems 202, 915, 1103.9 Carnivals and Fairs Permit required 105.5.5 Place of assembly tent 3103.3 Carton 202

Combustible 5106.2.4 Ceiling Limit

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Baled cotton 202 Baled cotton, densely packed 202 Defined 202 General precautions 3703 Permit 105.5.8 Portable fire extinguishers 3703.6 Combustible Gas Detector 202, 3510.2 Combustible Liquid 2306, 3108.4, 3108.13, Chapter 57 Classified locations 5703.1.2

Defined 202 Dispensing, use, mixing and handling 5705.3, 5705.3.8 Heated 5701.5 Indoor storage 5704.3.3 Mixtures 5701.5 Outdoor storage 5704.4 Permit 105.5.18, 105.6.9 Portable fire extinguisher 5706.2.7 Special operations 5706 Tank storage 5704.2 Waste control 5706.3.2

Wholesale and resale use 5704.3.6 Combustible Material Storage 105.5.33, 315, 2003.6 Combustible Waste Material 304, 2505 At Construction Sites 3304.1

Containers 304.3

Storage 304.2 Commercial Cooking Appliances 202, 606 Commercial Cooking Oil Storage Tank Systems 607 Commercial Kitchen Hoods 606

Commercial Motor Vehicle 202, 903.2.10.1, 903.2.9, 903.2.9.1 Commodity Classifications 3203

Defined 202 Common Path of Egress Travel 202, 1006.2.1, 1018.4, 1030.8, Table 1104.18 Common Use Areas 202, 907.5.2.3.1 Compatibility (Hazardous Materials) (see Incompatible Materials) Compressed Gas Chapter 53 Containers, cylinders, tanks 5303.1 Defined 202 Medical gas 5306 Not otherwise regulated 5307 Permit required 105.5.9 Requirements 5303 Storage 5304 Use and handling 5305 Wiring 5303.8 Compressed Gas Container Defined 202

Compressed Gas System 202 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2308 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 5301.1 Conflicting Provisions 102.10 Congregate Care Facility (Occupancy Group I) 203.7.1 Congregate Living Facility (Occupancy Group R) 203.9.4 Constantly Attended Location 202, 903.4.2, 907.2.1.1, 907.2.13, 907.2.18.2, 907.2.6, 907.2.7.1.1, 907.3, 907.3.1, 907.5.1, 907.5.1.1, 907.5.2.2, 907.5.2.2.4, 913.4, 914.7.2.1, 914.7.2.2, 5704.2.8.11

Construction and Demolition Fire Safety (see Fire Safety during Construction and Demolition) Construction Documents 106, 202 Construction Equipment, Motorized (see Motorized Construction) Container

Defined 202 Container and Portable Tank Storage 5704.3, Table 5704.3.6.3(4), Table 5704.4.2 Containment Pallets

Flammable and combustible liquids 5704.4.3

Hazardous materials 5004.2.3 Containment System Defined 202 Continuous Gas Detection System (see Gas Detection System, Continuous) Control Areas 202, 5003.8.3 Cooking Appliances, commercial, defined 202 Commercial, automatic sprinkler systems 903.2.11.5 Commercial, fire-extinguishing systems 904.14 Commercial, hoods 606 Commercial, oil storage tank systems 607 Commercial, portable fire extinguishers 906.4 Devices, open-flame 4104.2 Domestic 904.15

Group I-2 904.15 Mobile food trucks 4106

On balconies 4104.2 Portable fuel-fire cooking appliances 4101, 4104.1 Corridor 202, 1020, 1104.17 Elevation change 1003.5 Headroom 1003.2, 1003.3 Open-ended (see Open-Ended Corridor) Width/capacity 1003.3.3, 1003.6, 1005.3.2, 1005.7, 1020.3, 1020.4 Corrosion Protection Cryogenic fluid containers 5503.1.3.2 Cryogenic fluid piping 5505.1.2.5 General 5703.6.5 Tanks and piping 5704.2.7.9, 5706.7.1 Corrosive 202 Corrosive Materials Chapter 54 Indoor storage 5404.1 Indoor use 5405.1 Outdoor storage 5404.2 Outdoor use 5405.2

Requirements 5403 Cotton, Baled 202, 3705, Table 5003.1.1(1) Defined 202

Cotton, Densely Packed Baled Table 5003.1.1(1) Defined 202

Cotton, Seed 3703.4 Defined 202

Court, Egress (see Yards or Courts) 202, 1029.1 Covered and Open Mall Buildings 202 Automatic sprinkler system 914.2.1 Emergency planning 403.10.1

Emergency voice/alarm communication system 907.2.20, 914.2.3 Permit 105.5 Standpipe system 905.3.3, 914.2.2 Tenant identification 403.10.1.5

Travel distance 1006.2.1, 1006.3,

1017.2

Unoccupied tenant spaces 311.6, 403.10.1.6 Crankcase Oil (see Waste Oil) Critical Areas 202

System coverage 510.4.1 Critical Circuit 202, 1203.3 Crop-ripening and Coloring Processes (see Fruit and Crop Ripening) Crowd Managers 403.11.3, 3107.4.3, 3108.16.2 Cryogenic Container Defined 202 Handling 5505.5 Marking 5503.4 Security 5503.5 Cryogenic Fluids Chapter 55 Containers 5503.1

Defined 202 Filling 5505.4 Flammable 5806 Indoor storage 5504.2 Indoor use 5505.2 Outdoor storage 5504.3 Outdoor use 5505.3

Permit 105.5.11

Requirements 5503 Underground storage tanks 5806.4.5 Cryogenic Vessel Defined 202

Current Taps 603.5.2 Custodial Care (Occupancy Group I) [see Institutional (Group I), Day Care and Residential (Group R)] 202, 203 Cutting and Welding (see Welding and Other Hot Work) Cylinder Defined 202

Damper Defined 202 Danger, Imminent 115.2 Day Box (Magazine, Type 3) 202 Defined 202

Day Care (Group I-4) Table 1004.5,

1006.2.2.4

Dead End 1020.5, 1021.1 Decorations 807

Exit obstruction 1032.6

Decorative Materials 807

Defined 202 Decorative Vegetation Artificial 807.4

Natural 06

Defend-In-Place 202, 1020.3 Defueling Aircraft 2006.5 Hydrogen fuel tanks 2309.6 Delayed Egress Locks 1010.2.12.1, 1032.2.1 Delivered Audio Quality (DAQ) 202 Deluge System 202, 903.4.1, 2805.2 Demolition of Buildings Fire Safety Chapter 33

INDEX-4 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Electrostatic Apparatus 2407 Electrostatic Fluidized Bed 202

Elevator Group 202 Emergency voice/alarm communication system in 907.5.2.2 Elevator Hoistways 704.1, 1103.4 Pressurization 909.21

Water protection 604.5.4 Elevator Keys, Fire Service (see Keys, Fire Service Elevator) Elevator Keys, Nonstandardized Fire Service Key boxes for 506.1.2 Elevator Recall/Emergency Operation 604 Emergency Alarm System 908, 5004.9, 5005.4.4

Defined 202 Emergency Breakaway Devices 2306.7.5.1, 2307.6.3 Emergency Control Station 2703.1 Defined 202 Emergency Escape and Rescue Opening 202, 1031 Maintenance 1032.7 Emergency Evacuation Drill 405 Defined 202 Frequency 405.3, Table 405.3 Emergency Lighting Equipment Inspection and testing 1032.10 Emergency Planning and Preparedness Chapter 4 Emergency Power Systems 202, 1203 Emergency Relief Venting 2306.6.2.5, 5704.2.7.4 Emergency Repairs 105.1.4 Emergency Responder Enhancement Communications Coverage System 202, 510 Active RF-emitting device 202, 510.4.2.1, 510.4.2.4, 510.5.2.1 Existing buildings 1103.2 High-rise buildings 914.3.6 Passive RF-emitting device 202 Permits 105.6.5 RF-emitting device 510.4.2.1, 510.4.2.4, 510.4.2.5, 510.5.2.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve 202, 5003.2.2.1, 5503.4.6, 5505.3.2, 6303.1.2, 6403.1.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve, Automatic 202, 2305.2.4, 2306.7.4, 5003.2.9.1, 5505.3.2, 5803.1.3, 6303.1.2, 6303.1.2.2, 6403.1.1.1 Emergency Shutoff Valve, Manual 202, 2309.5.2, 2309.5.2.1, 5505.3.2, 5803.1.3, 6303.1.2, 6303.1.2.2, 6403.1.1.2 Emergency Venting for Tanks 607.5, 2306.5, 5704.2.7.4, 5704.2.9.6.1.2, 5704.2.9.7.2 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications 907.5.2.2

Atriums 907.2.14

Captions 907.5.2.2.4 Covered mall buildings 907.2.20 Deep underground buildings 907.2.19 Defined 202

Group A 907.2.1.1 High-rise building 907.2.13 Special amusement buildings 907.2.12.3 Employee Training 406 Employee Work Area Defined 202

Detached Building 202 Group H occupancies 5003.8.2 Storage 6204.1.1, Table 6204.1.2, 6304.1.1

Detector, Heat Defined 202 Detonating Cord Defined 202

Detonation

Defined 202

Detonator

Defined 202 Detoxification Facilities (Group I-2) 202, 203.7.2 Dip Tank 202, 2405 Permit 105.6.23 Dipping Operations 2405 Discharge, Exit (see Exit Discharge) Discharge of Hazardous Material (see Release of Hazardous Material) Dispensing Aircraft fueling 2006 Defined 202 Fire extinguishers 2305.5 Location 2303.1 Motor fuel-dispensing operations 2304

Requirements 2305, 5005 Dispensing Device, Overhead-Type Defined 202 Displays Aerosol products 5106 Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic 314.3, 6503.1 Fireworks 5608

Group M 5003.11 Indoor 314

Motor vehicles 314.4, 3108.14 Retail 5001.4, 5106, 5601.2.2 Storage 5003.11.1.1 Distilled Spirits and Wines 4001 Fire protection 4005 Occupancy classification 203.10.3, 203.10.4, 203.5.1, 203.5.2 Precautions against fire 4003 Signage 4006 Storage 4004 Door 1010

Balanced 1010.2.8.4 Configuration 1007 Delayed egress 1010.2.12 Education 1010.2.7

Fire 1023.4

Group I 1010.2.15, 1010.3.3 Hardware 1005.7.1, 1010.2, 1010.2.8 Horizontal sliding 1010.3.3 Landings 1010.1.4, 1010.1.5 Operation 1010.1.3, 1010.2, 1010.2.8 Panic and fire exit hardware 1010.2.8,

1010.4.1

Power operated 1010.3.2, 1010.3.3 Revolving 1010.3.1 Security 1010.2.9, 1010.3.4 Sensor release 1010.2.11 Side swinging 1010.1.2 Stairways 1010.2.6 Thresholds 1003.5, 1010.1.4, 1010.1.6 Vestibule 1010.1.7

Width 1010.1.1, 1010.1.1.1

Door, Dutch 202, 1105.5.4.2.3 Dormitories (see Occupancy Classification, Residential Group R and College and University Buildings, Group R-2) Downlink 202

Draft Curtain

Defined 202

Installation 1019.3, 1103.4.5, 1103.4.6, 1103.4.8, 5106.3.2 Draftstop Defined 202

Maintenance 707.1 Drainage Control 2903.10, 2905.3, 5004.2.2.6, 5705.3.8.1, 5706.2.6, 5706.4.9 Drains Dip-tank bottom 2405.3.2 Exhaust duct sprinkler system 2703.10.4.4.3 HPM liquids 2705.2.3.3 Magazines 5604.6.1 Outdoor cryogenic fluid storage containers 5504.3.1.1.5

Portable containers 5504.3.1.2.3 Draperies 807.2, 1032.6 Drilling, Well 5706.3 Dry Cleaning Chapter 21 Classifications 2103.1

Defined 202

Fire protection 2108 Permit 105.5.13 Requirements, general 2104 Requirements, operating 2105 Solvent or liquid classifications 202 Spotting and pretreating 2106 Systems 2107 Dry Cleaning Plant 202 Dry Cleaning Room 202 Dry-Chemical Extinguishing Agent Defined 202 Drying Apparatus 2404.8.1.2 Drying Ovens (see Industrial Ovens) Drying Rooms 914.10 Duct Smoke Detectors 907.3.1

Dumpsters 304.3 Dust Collection 3703.5, 5906.5.3 Dust Explosion Hazards Chapter 22, 2803 Explosion venting 2803.2.1

Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinkler (ESFR) (see Automatic Sprinklers) Education Occupancy (Group E) 203 Alarms and detection 907.2.3 Means of egress Aisles 1018.2, 1018.5 Corridors 1020.3, 1020.2 Locking 1010.2.12, 1010.2.7 Panic hardware 1010.2.8

Stairways, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1017.2, 1006.3.3,

1006.2.1

Sprinklers 903.2.3 Egress (see Means of Egress) Electrical Equipment 603 Aviation facilities 2006.14 Dust-producing machines 5906.5.5 Signs 603.4.1, 1207.4.8 Work space and clearance 603.4 Workstations in HPM facilities

2703.7.2

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Energy Storage System (ESS) 202, 1207 Cabinets 1207.4.10, 1207.4.8, 1207.6.3 Commissioning, decommissioning, operation and maintenance 202, 1207.2

Fire remediation 1207.1.8 Hazard mitigation analysis 1207.1.6 Large-scale fire test 1207.1.7 Mobile ESS 202, 1207.1, 1207.1.2,

1207.10 Residential (R-3 and R-4) 1207.11 Stationary ESS 202, 1207 Walk-in units 202, 1207.1.7, 1207.4.12, 1207.4.6, 1207.4.8, 1207.4.9, 1207.5.2, 1207.5.2.1, 1207.5.4, 1207.5.5, 1207.5.6, 1207.6.1, 1207.6.3, 1207.9.4 Energy Systems Chapter 12, 1201.1, 1201.2 Electrical energy storage systems 1201.3, 1207 Emergency and standby power systems 1203

Permits 105.5.14, 105.6.10, 105.6.21,

105.6.6 Portable generators 1204, 3309 Solar and photovoltaic systems 1205 Stationary fuel cell power systems 1206 Entry, Right of 104.4 Equipment, Fueled 313 Equipment Platform Defined 202

Guards required 1015.2 Escalator Openings (see Floor Openings and Shafts) Escape Openings 1031 ESFR Sprinklers (see Automatic Sprinklers) Ethylene Gas 2503

Generators 2506

Evacuation 115.2, 405, 2603.3.4, 2603.3.5 Evacuation Diagrams 403.9.1.1, 403.9.2.3 Evacuation Drills 405 Frequency 405.3, Table 405.3 Notification 405.7 Recall and reentry 405.10 Evacuation Plans 404

Excess Flow Control

Defined 202

Excess Flow Valve

Defined 202

Exhausted Enclosure 202, 5003.8.5 Exhibit Gallery Occupancy load Table 1004.5 Exhibition Halls (Occupancy Group A-3)

202

Exhibits and Trade Shows 105.5.15 Existing Defined 202 Existing Buildings Chapter 11 Group I-2 1105 Outdoor occupancies 1106 Exit 1022 Configuration 1007 Defined 202

Enclosure 1023

Horizontal 1026 Number required 1006 Passageways 1024

Ramps, interior and exterior 1023, 1027 Stairways, interior or exterior 1023, 1027 Stories 1004.2.3, 1006.3, 1017.3.1 Exit Access 101, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019 Aisles 1018

Atriums 1006.3.2, 1017.3.2, 1019.3 Balconies 1017.2.1, 1021 Common path 1006.2.1 Corridor 1020

Doors 1005.7, 1006.2, 1007, 1010,

1022.2

Intervening spaces 1016.2 Ramps 1019 Seating at tables 1030.13.1 Single exit 1006.2, 1006.3.3 Stairways 1019 Exit Discharge 202, 1023.12.1, 1023.3, 1024.4, 1028, 1029 Barriers 1023.8

Courts 1029

Horizontal exits 1028.2

Lobbies 1028.2 Public way 1028.5 Termination 1023.3

Vestibule 1028.2 Expanded Plastic Figure 3203.9(1), Figure 3203.9(2) Defined 202 Expanded Vinyl Wall or Ceiling Coverings 803.7, 803.8 Explosion Defined 202 Explosion Control 911, 2204.1, 2803.2, 2803.2.1, 2905.4, 5004.6, 5005.2.1.2, 5005.2.2.2, 5704.2.5, 5705.3.7.5.2, 5705.3.7.6.2, 5808.6, 6204.1.10, 6304.1.1,

6704.1.6 Explosive Material Chapter 56 Buildings under construction or demolition 3308

Defined 202 Explosives and Fireworks Chapter 56 Defined 202 Manufacture, assembly and testing 5605

Permits 105.5.16 Temporary storage of consumer fireworks 5609

Extension Cords 603.6

Exterior Area for Assisted Rescue (see Accessible Means Of Egress) 1009.2, 1009.7 Signage 1009.10, 1009.11, 1009.9 Exterior Wall

Defined 202 Extinguishers (see Fire Extinguishers, Portable) Extra-High-Rack Combustible Storage Approval 3208.5 Defined 202

Fire protection 3208.5.1

Fabrication Area 2705.2

Construction 2703.3.1

Defined 202 Electrical wiring and equipment 2703.7.1

Existing 2701.4 Gas detection 2703.13.1.1

Storage 2704.2 Facility Defined 202 Factory Occupancy (Group F) 203 Alarms and detection 907.2.4 Means of egress Aisles 1018.5

Dead-end corridors 1020.5

Stairways, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1006.2, 1006.3, 1017.2, 1017.2.2 Sprinkler protection 903.2.4 Fail-Safe 5003.2.2.1, 5004.7.2, 5005.1.5.1, 5005.1.11, 6004.2.2.7, 6204.1.11.1 Defined 202

Fairs 105.5.5

Fallout Area

Defined 202

False Alarm

Defined 202

Fees 108 Fill Pipe Connections 5704.2.9.5.2 Film, Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture 306 Projection rooms 306.1 Storage 306.2 Fines (in woodworking operations) (see Violation Penalties) Defined (in woodworking operations) 202 Storage and processing (in woodworking operations) 2808 Finished Products 2909.6 Fire, Recreational (see Recreational Fire) Fire, Reporting of Unwanted 401.3.1, 3310 Fire, Unwanted (see Unwanted Fire) Fire Alarm

Defined 202

Reporting 401.3.2, 3310 Fire Alarm Box (see Manual Fire Alarm Box) Fire Alarm Control Unit

Alarm activation 907.5.1

Defined 202 Emergency alarm interface 908.3 Fire safety function 907.3 Protection of control unit 907.4.1 Sprinkler system supervision 903.4.1 Fire Alarm Signal Defined 202 Fire Alarm System Annunciation 907.6.3.1, 907.6.4.1 Defined 202 Existing buildings 907.9, 1103.7 Maintenance 907.8

Monitoring 907.6.6 Notification appliances 907.5 Out of service 901.7

Permit 105.6.7 Power supply 907.6.2 Presignal feature Telephone dialing devices 907.6.6.1 Testing 907.8 Where required, existing buildings 1103.7 Where required, new buildings 907.2 Zones 907.6.4

INDEX-6 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Commercial cooking 904.14 Fire alarm system interconnection 904.3.5, 907.6 Flammable and combustible liquids 5704.3.7.5.1, 5704.3.8.4 Flammable finishing 2404.6, 2405.4.1, 2406.4, 2407.4 Hazardous materials 5005.1.8

Monitoring 904.3.5 Permit 105.6.1

Required 904.2 Firefighters Air replenishment systems Appendix l Emergency responder enhancement communications systems (ERCES) 510, 1103.2 Hazards to 316

Pitfalls 316.3 Safety 101.3 Fire-Flow Requirements 507.3 Fireplaces, Portable Outdoor (see Portable Outdoor Fireplaces) Fire-Resistance Rating Defined 202

Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 701.2 Fire-Resistant Joint System Defined 202 Fire-Retardant Coatings 803.4 Treatments for natural cut trees

806.1.4

Fireworks (see Explosives and Fireworks) Defined 202

Prohibited 5601.1.3 Retail display and sale 5609.1 Fireworks Display Damage from 5601.2.4.2 Defined 202 Fixed Base Operator (FBO) Defined 202 Fixed Seating 202, 1004.6 Means of egress 1030 Occupant load factor 1004.5 Flame Arrestors 5704.2.7.3.2

Flame Retardant (see Fire-Retardant Coatings) Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures

3104.2

Flame Spread Defined 202

Flame Spread Index Defined 202 Flaming Foods and Beverages 308.1.10 Flammable Cryogenic Fluid Defined 202 Flammable Finishes Chapter 24 Defined 202

Dipping operations 2405 Electrostatic apparatus 2407 Floor surfacing 2410 Powder coating 2406 Protection of operations 2403 Spray finishing 2404 Ventilation 2404.9, 2405.7, 2406.7, 2407.7, 2409.6, 2410.5 Flammable Gas Chapter 58

Fire and Smoke Protection Features

Chapter 7 Fire Apparatus Access Road 202, 503, Appendix D Aerial fire apparatus D105 Fire lane D103.6, 202, 503.3 Gates and barricades D103.5, 503.5,

503.6

Obstructions 503.4 Specifications D103, 503.2 Fire Area 901.4.4

Defined 202

Fire Barrier

Defined 202

Maintenance 704.1 Fire Chief 104.11, 907.6.6.1, 2603.3, 3303.4,

5706.6.2.1

Defined 202

Fire Code Official

Defined 202

Duties and powers 104 Fire Command Center 508

Defined 202 Required features 508.1.6 Separation 508.1.2 Size 508.1.3 Storage prohibited 315.3.3, 508.1.5 Fire Damper Defined 202 Fire Department Communication System

907.2.13.2 Fire Department Connections 903.3.7, 905.2, 912 Fire Department Master Key Defined 202 Fire Department Notification

[see Notification (of fire department)] Fire Department Operations 104.11, 401.4 Fire Detector, Automatic Defined 202 Fire Door Assembly Defined 202 Fire Drill (see Emergency Evacuation Drill) Fire Equipment, Tampering with 901.8 Fire Escape Stairways 1104.16 Fire Exit Hardware 1010.2.8

Defined 202 Fire Extinguishers, Portable 906 Asphalt kettles 303.5 Aviation facilities 2005 Buildings under construction or demolition 3316 Commercial cooking equipment 906.4 Dry cleaning plants 2108.4 Flammable finishes 2404.6.1, 2405.4.2, 2406.4.2 Lumber yards 2804.2, 2808.8 Fire Flow for Buildings 507, 3307, Appendix B Fire Hydrant Distribution Appendix C Location Appendix C Obstruction 507.5.4

Permit 105.5.17, 105.5.43, 105.6.19 Standpipe system 507.5.1.1 Tampering 901.8 Testing 507.5.2, 901.5 Fire Investigations 104.10

Fire Partition

Defined 202

Maintenance 01.2

Fire Point

Defined 202 Fire Protection Equipment 509 Fire Protection Rating Defined 202 Fire Protection System Chapter 9 Hybrid fire-extinguishing system 202, 904.12

Noncompliant conditions Appendix I Nonrequired 901.4.2 Out of service 901.7 Owner’s responsibility during construction or demolition 3303

Permit 105.6.1, 105.6.20, 105.6.24, 105.6.5, 105.6.7, 105.6.8 Fire Pump Rooms 901.4.7, 913.2.1, 1008.3.3 Fire Pumps 105.6.8, 913 Fire Records 104.7.3

Fire Resistance

Defined 202 Fire Safety during Construction and Demolition Chapter 33 Access for firefighting 3307 Automatic sprinkler systems 3306.5 Cooking 3305.7 Daily fire safety inspections 3303.3 Explosive materials 3309.3 Fire reporting 3303.6 Fire watch 3303.5 Flammable gas 3309.2 Ignition source control 3305 Portable fire extinguishers 3305.10.2, 3306.6 Safeguarding roofing operations 3305.10 Site safety plan 3303 Standpipes 3307.5 Temporary heating 3305.1 Fire Safety Functions 907.3 Defined 202 Fire Safety Plans 404, 3404.5 Lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries

403.10.6 Fire Separation Distance 202 Fire Service Elevator Keys (see Keys, Fire Service Elevator) Fire Service Features Chapter 5 Fire Wall

Defined 202

Maintenance 701.2

Fire Watch (see Standby Personnel) 202 Construction/demolition sites 3303.5 During construction 3303.5.1 Fire protection impairments 901.7 Hot work 3504.2

Location and records 3303.5.3,

3303.5.4

Personnel 3303.5.2 Places of assembly 403.11.1 Fireblocking Defined 202

Maintenance 707.1 Fire-Extinguishing Systems, Alternative 904

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Buildings under construction or demolition 3307

Defined 202

Nonodorized 2311.8.9 Prohibited for pipe cleaning 3309.2.1 Requirements 5803 Storage 3309.2, 5804 Use 3309.2, 5805 Flammable Liquids Chapter 57 Alcohol-based hand rub 202, 5705.5 Buildings under construction or demolition 3306

Classified locations 5703.1.1

Defined 202 Dispensing, use, mixing and handling 5705.3, 5705.3.8 In construction and demolition

operations 3306 Indoor storage 5704.3.3 Labeling and signage 5703.5 Motor fuel 2306 Outdoor storage 5704.4 Permit 105.5.18, 105.6.9 Portable fire extinguisher 5706.2.7 Special operations 5706 Tank storage 5704.2 Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures

3108.13

Waste control 5706.3.3

Wholesale and resale use 5704.3.6

Flammable Material

Defined 202 Flammable Solid Chapter 59 Defined 202 Indoor storage 5904.1 Magnesium 5906 Outdoor storage 5906 Requirements 5903 Use 5905

Flammable Vapor Area Alarms 2404.10.1.1

Defined 202

Electrical equipment 2403.2.1 Ignition sources 2403.2 Ventilation 2404.9, 2405.7 Warning signs 2403.2.7 Flammable Vapors or Fumes Defined 202

Flash Point

Defined 202 Fleet Vehicle Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facility Defined 202

Tanks 2306.2.4.2

Flexible Joints 2306.7.9.1.4, 5703.6.9 Float 202

Floor Area, Gross 202, Table 1004.5 Floor Area, Net 202, Table 1004.5 Floor Construction 2404.5.2, 2404.5.3.3, 2404.5.5.1, 5004.12, 6304.1.3 Floor Covering (interior finish) 804.3 Floor Finishing 2410 Permit 105.5.19 Floor Identification Signs 1023.9, 1032.9, 1104.24 Floor Openings and Shafts 704, 1103.4 Flue Spaces 3208.3 Defined 202

Fluidized Bed

Defined 202

Foam Plastics 803.11.1, 803.11.2, 807.5.1.1 Foam-Extinguishing Systems 904.7 Defined 202 Fogging, Insecticidal (see Fumigation and Insecticidal Fogging) Folding and Telescopic Seating (see Bleachers) Foster Care Facilities (Occupancy Group I) Defined 202

Frequency 202 Frequency License Holder(s) 202 Frequency Licensing Authority 202 Fruit and Crop Ripening Chapter 25 Ethylene gas 2503 Heating 2504.5 Permit 105.5.20 Sources of ignition 2504 Warning signs 2507 Fuel Cell Power System, Stationary 202 Fuel Cell Systems 1206 Indoor installations 1206.6

Outdoor installations 1206.8

Permits 105.6.10

Fuel Limit Switch

Defined 202

Fuel Oil

Grade 605.1.3

Storage 605.4 Fuel-Fired Appliances 605 Chimneys 605.3, 605.2.1 Heating 605.5 Installation 605.1 Fumigant Defined 202 Fumigation and Insecticidal Fogging Chapter 26 Breathing apparatus 2603.3.2 Clean up 2603.6 Defined 202 Fire safety requirements 2603 Notification 2603.3

Permit 105.5.21 Sealing of buildings 2603.5 Warning signs 2603.3.1 Watch personnel 2603.3.3 Furnace Class A, B, C, D Defined 202 Furnishings 808, 1032.6 Furniture, Upholstered 805, 903.2.4 Fusible Links 705.2, 904.14.5.3, 910.5.1

Garage (see Repair Garage) Garaging (see Parking and Garaging) Gas Cabinet 2703.10.2, 2703.13.1.3, 5003.8.6, 5303.7.10, 6004.1.1 Defined 202 Gas Detection System 916 Carbon dioxide systems 5307.3.2, 5307.4.3

Defined 202

Emergency power 1203.2.7 Energy storage systems 1207.6.1.2.4 Highly toxic or toxic gases 6004.2.2.10 HPM gases 2703.13 Hydrogen fuel gas rooms 5808.5 Hydrogen vehicles 2311.8.9

LNG 2311.8.9

Ozone gas 6005.3.2 Processing and extraction 3905.1 Stationary fuel cell power systems 1206.6.3

Gas Detector (see Combustible Gas Detector)

Gas Meters 605.8

Gas Room 5003.8.4, 6004.2.2.6 Defined 202

Gas Room, Hydrogen Fuel 202 Gaseous Hydrogen System 5801.1 Defined 202 Gas-Fueled or Liquid-Fueled Vehicles 314.4, 3108.13 Permit 105.5.30 Gates (see Doors) Means of egress 1010.4 Gates, Fire Apparatus Road 503.5, 503.6 Permit 105.6.12 General Requirements Chapter 3 Generators Acetylene 3508 Ethylene 2506 Ozone Gas 6005

Stationary 1203.1.1 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Manufacturing 2409 Storage 2409.4 Ventilation 2409.6 Grade Floor Opening Defined 202

Grade Plane

Defined 202 Grandstand (see Bleachers) Group Home (Occupancy Group R-4) 203 Guards 202, 1104.6 Assembly seating 1030.1.1, 1030.17 Exceptions 1015.2 Glazing 1015.2.1 Height 1015.3 Mechanical equipment 1015.6 Openings 1015.4 Ramps 1012.9 Residential 1015.3

Roof access 1015.7 Screen porches 1015.5 Stairs 1015.2

Windows 1015.8

Gypsum Board Defined 202

Habitable Space Defined 202 Halogenated Extinguishing System Defined 202

Hand Rub, Alcohol-based (see Alcohol-Based Hand Rub) Handrail 202, 1014 Alternating tread devices 1011.14 Assembly aisles 1030.16 Construction 1014.5, 1014.6, 1014.7 Extension 1014.7 Graspability 1014.4 Guards 1015.3 Height 1014.2 Ramps 1012.8 Stairs 1011.11

INDEX-8 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Permit 105.5.25

Hot Work Area

Defined 202 Hot Work Equipment Defined 202

Hot Work Permits

Defined 202

Hot Work Program Defined 202 HPM Facility (see Semiconductor Fabrication Facility)

HPM Room (see Semiconductor Fabrication Facility) Hybrid Fire Extinguishing System (see Fire Protection System) Hydrants (see Fire Hydrant) Hydrogen 5301.1, 5501.1, 5801.1, 5806, 5807, 5808, 5809 Hydrogen fuel gas room 202, 5808 Indoor vehicle display 314.4 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2309 On-demand mobile fueling 202, 5809 Repair garage 2311.8, 2311.8.11, 2311.8.2, 2311.8.8, 2311.8.9 Hyperbaric Facilities 609

Identification Alcohol-blended fuel-dispensing facilities 2306.8.4 Building (address) 505.1 Elevator lobby 1023.10 Exit discharge 1023.8, 1104.21 Fire protection equipment 509.1, 905.7.1

Floor level 1023.9, 1032.9 Hazardous materials 5003.5, 5503.4, 5703.5.4, 6005.4.3 Hot work hazards 3503.6

Streets and roads 505.2 Tenant spaces in covered malls 403.10.1.5

Utilities 509.1.1

Vacant premises 311.5.4 Ignition Sources 305, 3703.7 Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) 202, 608.13.5, 608.14, 916.8, 2703.13.2, 5303.16.10, 6004.2.2.10,

6004.2.2.7.2 Impact Protection, Vehicle 312, 6107.4,

6109.13

Impairment Coordinator 202, 901.7.1, 901.7.4, 901.7.5, 901.7.6 Incinerators 605.7, 1103.4.10 Room egress 1006.2.2.1 Incompatible Materials 202, 2704.3.3, 5003.10.3.6, 5003.9.8, 5004.2.2.2, 5004.4, 5005.1.1, 5303.7.11.1, 5704.2.6, 6404.1.4 Incompatible Surfaces 6306.3.6.2 Indoor Trade Shows Appendix N Covered booths N106 Display and storage of hazardous and combustible materials N107

Interior finish and decorative materials

N104 Means of egress N108 Multiple-level booths N105 Public safety for events N103 Industrial Ovens Chapter 30 Fire protection 3006

Hangars, Aircraft (see Aircraft-Related Occupancies, Fire Protection for) Hangers, Fire Extinguisher 906.7 Hardening Tanks 2405.9 Hardware, Exit Door 1010.2 Hardware, Panic 1010.2.8 Hay Combustible fiber 202, 3703.4 Combustible waste 304.1.2

Storage 3108.2, 3703.4 Hazard Communication 407.5, Appendix H Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement H102, 407.5, 5001.5.2 Hazardous Materials Management Plan H101, 407.6, 5001.5.1 Training 407.4 Hazardous Materials Classifications 202, 203, Appendix E Exemptions 5001.1, Table 5003.1.1(5) Fire-extinguishing systems 5004.5, 5005.1.8 General Chapter 50 Groups M and S 5003.11 Hazard rankings Appendix F Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS) 5001.5.2, Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) 5001.5.1, Appendix H Identification signs 5003.5 Mixtures 5001.2.1

Outdoor control areas 5003.12 Performance-based design alternative 5001.3

Permit 105.5.22, 105.6.13 Personnel training 407.4 Power systems 1203.2.10 Storage 5004 Use, dispensing and handling 5005 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement 407.5, 5001.5.2, Appendix H Hazardous Materials Management Plan 407.6, 5001.5.1, Appendix H Hazardous Production Material (HPM)

202

Permit 105.5.23 Hazards to Firefighters 316 Health Hazard 202, 5001.2.2.2, Table 5003.1.1(2), Table 5003.1.1(4)

Heat Vents (see Smoke and Heat Vents) Heaters, Patio (see Portable Outdoor Gas- Fired Heating Appliances) Heaters, Portable Electric Space 4102.1 Heaters, Portable Unvented 4103.1 Heating Appliances 605.5 Heating Equipment, Temporary, During Construction 3303 Heliport 202, 2007 Permit for rooftop heliport 105.5.48 Helistop 202, 2007 Hi-Boy 202 Construction 303.7 Higher Education Laboratories Existing sprinklered laboratories 3806 General safety provisions 3803 Laboratory suite construction 3804 Nonsprinklered laboratories 3805

e Unvented** 4103.1 Heating Appliances 605.5 Heating Equipment, Temporary, During Construction 3303 Heliport 202, 2007 Permit for rooftop heliport 105.5.48 Helistop 202, 2007 Hi-Boy 202 Construction 303.7 Higher Education Laboratories Existing sprinklered laboratories 3806 General safety provisions 3803 Laboratory suite construction 3804 Nonsprinklered laboratories 3805

Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials 202, Chapter 60 Compressed gases 6004 Indoor storage and use 6003.1 Outdoor storage and use 6003.2 Solids and liquids 6003 High-Piled Combustible Storage 202, Chapter 32 Aisles 3206.9 Automated storage 3209 Automatic sprinklers 3206.4, 3209.2 Classifications, commodities 3203 Fire protection 3206, Table 3206.2 Housekeeping 3205 Pallets 3206.4.1 Plastic pallets 3206.4.1.1 High-Piled Storage Area 202 Designations 3204 Permit 105.5.24 High-Rise Building 202 Automatic sprinkler system 903.2.11.3, 914.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system, floor control valves required 903.3.9 Automatic sprinkler system, secondary water supply required 914.3.2 Emergency voice/alarm communications system 907.2.13, 914.3.5 Fire alarm system 907.2.13, 914.3.3 Fire alarm system zoning 907.6.4.2 Fire command center 508.1, 914.3.7 Fire department communications system 907.2.13.2 Fire safety and evacuation plans 403.10.2 In-building, two-way emergency responder communication 914.3.6 Smokeproof exit stairway enclosures 1023.12 Standby power system 1203.2.11 Standpipe system 905.3.1 High-Voltage Transmission Line 202 Storage under 315.5, 316.6 Historic Buildings 102.6 Defined 202 Hogged Materials 2807, 2808 Defined 202

Hood 202, 606 Horizontal Assembly Defined 202

Horizontal Exit 202, 1026 Accessible means of egress 1009.2, 1009.2.1, 1009.3, 1009.4, 1009.6,

1009.6.2 Horizontal Projections 1003.3.3 Hose 2307.6.2, 2310.3.3 Aircraft fueling 2006 Conductive 2006.5.2.1 Connections for standpipes 905.3.4.1, 905.4, 905.5, 905.6 Dispensing 2006.3.3, 2306.7.5 Protection 2006.7, 5706.6.1.11 Removal of occupant hose lines 901.8.2

System 904.8.4, 904.9.3, 904.10.3 Threads 903.3.6, 912.3 Hot Work (see Welding and Other Hot Work) 202

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Fuel piping 3004 Interlocks 3005

Location 3003 Operation and maintenance 3007 Permit 105.5.27, 105.6.15 Inert Gas 2501.1, 2906.4, Table 5003.1.1(1), Table 5003.1.1(3), 5305.8, 5703.6.3.1,

5705.2.2

Defined 202 Inflatable Amusement Device 202, 3106 Inhabited Building Defined 202 Initiating Device Defined 202

Identification 907.6.3 Insecticidal Fogging (see Fumigation and Insecticidal Fogging) Inspection 104.7.2, 105.2.2, 109, 109.2.1,

901.6 Emergency and standby power system 1203.4 Fire department connections 912.7 Fire hydrant 507.5.2 Fireworks display 5608.5.3, 5608.9 Hose 3509.7

Magazines 5604.9 Masonry chimneys 605.2.1.1 Tents 3103.6 Institutional Occupancies (Group I) 203 Alarm and detection 907.2.10, 907.2.11.2, 907.2.6.1, 907.5.2.3.2 Means of egress Aisles 1018.5

Corridors 1020.2

Doors 1010.2.13, 1010.2.11, 1010.2.9, 1010.2.7, 1010.2.12.1 Lighting 1008.2, 1008.2.4 Stairway, exterior exit 1027.2 Stairways, exit access 1019 Travel distance 1006.3, 1017.2 Sprinkler protection 903.2.6, 903.3.2 Integrated Testing (Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems) 202, 901.6.2 Interconnection Fire-extinguishing systems with cooking appliances 904.14.2 Smoke alarms 907.2.11.5, 1103.8.2 Standpipe risers 905.4.2 Interior Finish Chapter 8 Defined 202

Interior Floor-Wall Base 804.4

Defined 202 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish 803, 804 Defined 202 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish and Trim 803, 804 Intumescent Fire-Resistant Materials 708 Investigations, Fire 104.10 Irritant

Defined 202

Gases 5004.7.1, 5307.1

Iso-Butane (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas)

Jurisdiction

Defined 202

Kettles [see Organic Coating or Asphalt (Tar) Kettles] Key Boxes 202, 506 Maintenance 506.2

Nonstandard fire service elevator keys 506.1.2 Required 506.1 Keys, Fire Service Elevator 604.6

Laboratory Suite 202 Ladders 1104.16.6, 5704.2.8.15 Boiler, incinerator and furnace rooms

1006.2.2.1

Construction 1011.15, 1011.16, 1014.2, 1014.7, 1015.3, 1015.4 Emergency escape window wells 1031.5.2

Group I-3 1011.15, 1011.16 Refrigeration machinery rooms 1006.2.2.2

Ship’s ladders 1011.15 Landing Ramps 1012.6, 1012.10 Stairs and stairways 1010.1.4, 1010.1.5, 1011.6, 1025.2.4 Landscaped Roofs (see also Rooftop Gardens) 317, 504.3, 905.3.7 Dead foliage 317.2.2 Irrigation 317.2.1 Maintenance equipment 317.4 Maintenance plan 317.3 Laundry Carts 318.1 Lead-Acid Battery System, Stationary (see Battery Systems, Stationary Storage) Lead-Acid Battery System, Valve-Regulated (see Battery Systems, Stationary Storage) Leaks Compressed gases 5303.12 Cryogenic fluids 5503.9 Explosive materials 5604.10 Flammable and combustible

liquids 2006.11, 2305.2.3, 2306.7.7.1, 3309.1.5, 5703.6.3.1, 5704.2.7.10, 5706.6.1.1 Highly toxic and toxic materials 6004.2.2.3, 6004.2.2.4,

6004.3.2.2 Level of Exit Discharge (see Exit Discharge, Level of) Liability 104.8 Life Safety Systems 901, 907.8.4 Defined 202 Limited Spraying Space 202, 2404.11, 2404.4

Linen Chutes

K102.5, 903.2.11.2, 1103.4.9 Linen Containers 808.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 202, 2311.6,

5501.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) Chapter 61 Container defined 202

Containers not in service 6110 Cooking devices 4104.2 Cylinder exchange 6109 Defined 202 Dispensing and overfilling 6106

Fire protection 6108 Installation of equipment 6103 Location of containers 6104, Table

6104.3 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities 2307 Parking and garaging of LPG-fueled vehicles 6111 Parking and garaging of tank vehicles 6111

Permit 105.5.30, 105.6.16 Prohibited use 6105 Safety precautions and devices 6107 Storage 6109 Liquid Level Limit Control 5003.2.7, 5005.1.4.1, 5005.1.4.2 Liquid Oxygen in Home Health Care 6306 Ambulatory container, liquid oxygen 202, 6306.3.1, 6306.3.5, 6306.3.6.1 Home care container, liquified oxygen 202, 6306.3 Liquid Storage Room 202, 5704.3.7 Liquid Storage Warehouse 5704.3.8 Defined 202 Liquid-Fueled or Gas-Fueled Vehicles 314.4, 3108.14 Permit 105.5.28

Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries Automatic sprinkler systems 903.2.2.2, 903.2.4, 903.2.7.3, 903.2.9, 903.2.9.1, 903.3.1.1.3 Fire alarm systems 907.2.10.2, 907.2.2.2, 907.2.4.1, 907.2.7.2 Fire safety plan 403.10.6 Powered micromobility devices 322 Storage 320 Loading Racks 5706.3.8, 5706.5.1.12 Lobbies 202 Assembly 1030.4 Elevator 1009.2.1, 1009.4 Exit Discharge 1028.2 Lockdown 202, 404 Plans 404.2.3 Lockers, Combustible 808.3 Locks and Latches 1010.2, 1010.2.8 Delayed egress locks 1010.2.12 Electromagnetically locked 1010.2.10 Fire exit hardware 1010.2.10, 1010.2.8 Group I-2 1010.2.13 Group I-3 1010.2.15 Sensor release 1010.2.11 Lodging House 203 Longitudinal Flue Space (see Flue Spaces) Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) 202 Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) 202 Low-Pressure Tank

Defined 202 LP-Gas (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Lumber Yards, Agro-Industrial, Solid Biomass and Woodworking Facilities Chapter 28 Access plan 2803.7 Emergency plan 2808.10 Fire alarms 2804.2

Fire protection 2804 General 2803

Log storage areas 2806 Open yards 2803.1 Permit 105.5.31

INDEX-10 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Natural Cut Trees 806.1, 806.3 Natural Disasters 104.2.4.2 Nesting Defined 202 Net Explosive Weight (net weight) Defined 202 Nitrocellulose 2908.1, 2909.4 Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP) Defined 202

Notice of Violation 113.3

Notification (of Fire department/Fire code official) 401.3, 2006.11.5, 2304.3.6, 5003.3.1 Notification (of Fumigation) 2603.3 Notification Appliance (see Alarm Notification Appliance) Notification Zone (see Zone, Notification) Nozzles Fuel delivery 2306.7.6 Fuel transfer 2006.3.3

Marine craft 2310.3.3 Nursing Home (see Institutional Occupancies) 202

Obstructions

Fire apparatus access roads 503.4 Fire department connections 912.4 Fire hydrants 507.5.4 Fire protection equipment 509.2, 2310.6.2 Fuel-dispensing view 2304.2.4 Manual fire alarm boxes 907.4.2.6 Means of egress 806.2, 1003.6, 1030.9.6, 1032.2, 1032.3, 1032.3.1,

1032.6 On rooftop 316.4 Portable fire extinguishers 906.6 Spraying operation ventilation 2404.9.4 Sprinkler discharge 315.3.1, 903.3.3 Occupancy, Change of (see Change of Occupancy) Occupancy Classification 203 Occupant Load 202 Calculating Table 1004.5 Posting 1004.3 Occupiable Roof 202, 1004.7, 1006.3,

1009.2.1 Oil, Cooking 607 Oil, Fuel (see Fuel Oil and Combustible Liquid) Oil, Motor (see Combustible Liquid) Oil, Waste (see Waste Oil) Oil-Burning Equipment (see Fuel-Fired Appliances) On-Demand Mobile Fueling Operations 202 Flammable and combustible liquids 5707 Hydrogen 5809 Open Burning 307 Defined 202

Permit 105.5.36, 307.2 Precautions in tire storage areas 3404.1

Open Flames 308, 806.3, 2903.6, 5003.7.2, 5604.7.2, 5706.2.1 Devices 308.1.5

Size of piles 2807.2, 2808.3 Waste removal 2803.3 Luminous Egress Path Markings 1025, 1104.25

Magazine 202, 5604 Magnesium Defined 202

Permit 105.5.32

Storage 5906.2, 5906.3, 5906.4 Use 5906.5

Maintenance 110 Mall (see Covered Mall Building) Manifolds Cylinders 3509.4 Identification 3509.5

Piping 3509 Manual Fire Alarm Box 202, 907.4.2 Manufacture of Organic Coatings Chapter 29 Marinas 202, Chapter 36 Marine Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facility 2310, 3605 Defined 202

Fire protection 2310.6 Fueling 2310.4 General 2310.1

Nozzles 2310.3.3 Marking (see Placards; Placarding) 503.3, 909.14, 5003.5.1 Compressed gas 5303.2 Cryogenic containers 5503.4 Shaftway 316.2 Tank 5706.2.2

Warnings 5003.8.7.4 Mass Notification Systems 917 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (see Safety Data Sheet) Mattresses (in Groups I and R) 805 Maximum Allowable Quantity per Control Area 5003.1.1, Table 5003.1.1(1), Table 5003.1.1(2), Table 5003.1.1(3), Table 5003.1.1(4), 5003.11 Defined 202

Means of Appeals 112 Means of Egress Chapter 10, 1104, 3312 Accessible means of egress 1009 Assembly 1030 Bleachers 1030.1.1 Buildings under construction or demolition 3312

Corridors 1020, 1104.17 Defined 202

Egress court 202, 1029.1 Elevators, escalators and moving walks 1003.7, 1104.2 Emergency escape and rescue 1031 Existing buildings 1104 Exit access 1016 Exit discharge 1028 Exits 1006

Guards 1015, 1104.6 Handrails 1014

Illumination 1008, 1104.3 Locks, latches 1010.2.4 Maintenance of 1032

Membrane structures 3103.11 Monitoring and recording of 1010.2.9 Obscuration of 316.4, 1032.4, 1032.6

Obstructions 1032.3, 1032.3.1 Outdoor assembly events 3107.3 Ramps 1012 Signs 1013 Sizing 1005 Stairways 1023, 1027 Tents 3103.11 Mechanical Refrigeration (see Refrigeration System) Mechanical Stocking Methods 3206.10.1.1 Defined 202 Medical Care (see Institutional Occupancies) 202, 203 Medical Gas Systems 5306.5 Medical Gases 5306 Membrane Structure Chapter 31 Defined 202 Membrane-Penetration Firestop System

202

Merchandise Pad 202, 1018.4 Metal Hydride and Metal Hydride Storage Systems 5807 Defined 202 Metal Hydride Storage System 202 Meters, Gas 605.8 Mezzanine 1004.2.2 Ceiling height 1003.2 Guards 1015.1

Occupant load 1004.2.2 Stairways 1011.14, 1019, 1023.2 Mills

Composite Board 2805 Plywood 2805 Process 2806

Veneer 2805

Mirrors 1010.1, 1032.6 Miscella 202, 3903.4 Mixtures (Hazardous materials) 5001.2.1 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles 4106 Permit 105.5.34 Mobile Fueling 5706.5.4.5 Defined 202 Mobile Fueling, Hydrogen 202 Mobile Fueling Operations [see On-Demand Mobile Fueling Operations Modifications (of code requirements)] 104.2.4 Monitoring (sprinkler and fire alarm systems) 903.4.2, 907.6.6 Hazardous materials 5004.2.2.5

Termination of 907.6.6.3 Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film

306 Film storage 306.2 Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities (see also by type of fuel) 105.5.35, Chapter 23 Motor Vehicle Repair Booths 2311.8.4 Motorized Construction Equipment 3317 Moving Walks 1103.3 MSDS (see Safety Data Sheet) Multiple-Station Alarm Device Defined 202 Multiple-Station Smoke Alarm 907.2.11, 1103.8 Defined 202 Museums (Occupancy Group A-3) Occupant load Table 1004.5

Natural Barricade (see Barricade)

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Group A occupancies 308.3 Permit 105.5.37, 105.5.38, 308.2 Open Mall and Open Mall Building (see Covered Mall Building) 203 Open Parking Garage Defined 202 Open System (hazardous materials) Defined 202 Open-Air Assembly Seating 202, 1030 Open-Ended Corridor 903.3.1.2.2, 1027.6,

1104.22

Defined 202 Opening Protective 202 Operating Building Defined 202 Separation distances 5605.3 Operating Line 202 Operating Pressure Defined 202

Orders and Notices 104.6, 113.3.2 Organic Coatings Chapter 29 Defined 202

Electrical equipment and protection 2904

General 2903

Kettles 2906 Manufacture Chapter 29 Permit 105.5.39

Process structures 2905 Organic Peroxide Chapter 62 Defined 202 Indoor storage 6204.1 Outdoor storage Table 6204.1.2, Table 6204.1.7, 6204.2 Requirements 6203 Spray operations 2408 Use 6205

Outdoor Assembly Event Electrical equipment and wiring 3107.6 Occupancy and means of egress 3107.3

Permit 105.5.40 Public safety 3107.4.1 Outdoor Control Area

Defined 202

Hazardous materials 5003.12 Outdoor Fireplace, Portable (see Portable Outdoor Fireplaces) Outpatient Clinic (Occupancy Group B) Defined 202 Ovens (see Industrial Ovens) Overcrowding Defined 202

Prohibited 110.6

Overfill Prevention and Protection

2006.18, 2306.6.2.3, 5704.2.7.5.8, 5704.2.8.18, 5704.2.9.7.5, 5704.2.11.4, 5706.4.6, 5706.8.3, 5706.8.5, 6106.2

Owner

Defined 202 Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids Chapter 63 Defined 202 Indoor storage 6304.1 Outdoor storage 6304.2 Requirements 6303 Use 6305

Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluid Defined 202 Oxidizing Gas Defined 202 Oxygen in Home Health Care 6306 Ozone-Gas Generator 6005

Automatic shutdown 6005.5

Defined 202

Location 6005.3

Manual shutdown 6005.6

Pallets Containment pallets 5004.2.3 High-piled storage sprinkler protection 3206.4.1 Idle combustible 2505.1, Table 3203.8,

5704.3.3.9 Outdoor pallet storage 315.7, 2810 Plastic 3206.4.1.1

Panic Hardware 202, 1006.2.2.2, 1006.2.2.4, 1010.2.7, 1010.2.8, 1010.4.1 Parking and Garaging Aircraft-fueling vehicles 2006.20, 2006.5.1.3 Automatic sprinkler system 903.2.10 Flammable- and combustible-liquid tank vehicles 5706.6.2, 5706.6.3 LP-gas tank vehicles 6111 LP-gas-fueled vehicles 6111.3 Means of egress 1006.2.2.5, 1006.3, 1019

Mechanical-access enclosed

903.2.10.2

Pass-Through 2703.3.2, 2703.10.3 Defined 202 Patio Heaters (see Portable Outdoor Gas- Fired Heating Appliances) Penthouse 202, 1011.12.2, 1023.7.2 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Defined 202

Permits 105

Annual 105.1.6

Construction 105.6

Defined 202 Hot work program 3503.3 Operational 105.5 Person

Defined 202

Personal Care Service (see Day Care, Educational Occupancy) 202, 203 Pesticide

Defined 202

Photoluminescent 202, 1013.5, 1025, 1025.4, 1104.25 Physical Hazard 5001.2.2.1, Table 5003.1.1(1), Table 5003.1.1(3) Defined 202 Physiological Warning Threshold 202 Pipelines 5703.6.6.1, 5706.4, 5706.4.6 Piping, Valves and Fittings Flammable and combustible liquids 2306.6, 2306.7.9.1.3, 5706.4.7.6 Hazardous materials 5003.2.2 Highly toxic and toxic gases 6004.2.2.5 LP-gas in membrane structures 4101.6 Organic coating manufacturing 2907 Ozone gas 6005

Protection from vehicles 5003.9.3 Placards; Placarding (see also Signs) Cryogenic fluid containers 5503.4.2 Explosives 5604.6.5, 5604.6.5.2 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 5703.5.3, 5704.2.3.2 Vacant buildings 311.5 Plans (see also Construction Documents) Diagrams 403.6.1.1 Evacuation 404.2.1 Facility closure 407.7 Fire safety 404.2.2 Hazardous materials management 5605.2.1

Lockdown 404.2.3

Maintenance of 5605.2.2

Prefire 5608.2

Storage 5704.4.1 Plant Extraction Systems Permit 105.5.42

Plastics Cellulose nitrate Chapter 65 Classifications of 3203.7

Foam 803.8, 804.2, 808.2 Manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced 2409 Pyroxylin 105.5.45, 314.3, 807.5.1.4, 903.2.5.3, Chapter 65, 1103.5.5 Plenum 315.6, 603.9 Defined 202 Plosophoric Material 202, 5605.1 Plywood And Veneer Mills 202 Fire alarm system 907.2.18, 2804.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers (see Fire Extinguishers, Portable) Portable Generators 202, 1204, 3305.8 Portable Outdoor Fireplaces 307.4.3, 307.5 Defined 202 Portable Outdoor Gas-Fired Heating Appliances 4103.1.2 Portable Tanks

Defined 202 Design, construction and capacity 5704.3.1

Empty 5704.3.3.4 Flammable liquids 2306.2.5 Flow rate 6004.2.2.7.5, Table 6004.2.2.7.5 Indoor storage 5704.3.3 Local exhaust 6004.2.2.4, 6004.3.2.3 Outdoor storage 5704.4, Table 5704.4, 6004.3.4

Piles 5704.3.3.10, 5704.3.7.2.3 Posting Evacuation diagrams (Group R-1) 403.9.1.1 Explosives and pyrotechnic amounts 5605.6.9 No smoking signs 310.3 Occupant load 1004.3, 5605.6.9 Permits 105.3.5

Tenant identification 403.10.1.5 Powder Coating 2406 Powered Industrial Trucks 309 Battery charging 309.2 Defined 202 Fire extinguishers 309.5 Refueling 309.6 Repairs 309.7

INDEX-12 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Relocatable Power Taps 202, 603.5.2 Remote Emergency Shutoff Device 202 Use of 5706.5.4.5 Remote Solvent Reservoir 202, 5705.3.6.2.3 Remotely Located, Manually Activated Shutdown Control 202, 2309.5.3,

6403.1.1.1 Repair Garages 2311 Gas detection system 2311.8.9 LP-gas-fueled vehicles 6111.3 Motor vehicle repair booths 2311.8.4 Permit 105.5.47 Sources of ignition 2311.3 Sprinklers required 903.2.9.1 Ventilation 2311.4.3 Repairs 105.1.5 Repairs, Emergency (see Emergency Repairs) Reporting Aviation facilities fire extinguisher use 2005.8

Emergencies 401.1 Fire 3310

Fire alarm 3310

Leak 5704.2.7.10 Record keeping 5603 Research reports 104.2.3.6 Residential Occupancies (Group R)

203

Alarms and detection

907.2.11, 907.2.12, 907.2.8, 907.2.9, 907.5.2.3.2, 907.5.2.3.3 Means of egress Aisles 1018.5

Corridors 1020.2, 1020.3

Doors 1010.1.1 Emergency escape and rescue 1031.2

Exit signs 1013.1, 1013.2 Single exits 1006.3 Travel distance 1006.3.3, 1017.2,

1006.2.1 Sprinkler protection 903.2.8, 903.3.2 Resin Application Area 202, 2403.2.1.2, 2403.2.5, 2404.4, 2409.3, 2409.5, 2409.6 Response Procedures 406 Retail Display Area (for aerosols) Defined 202 Manufacturing facilities 5107.1 Maximum quantities 5106.2, Table 5106.2, Table 5106.4 Revocation of Permits 105.4 Right of Entry 104.4 Roadways, Access for Fire Apparatus (see Fire Apparatus Access Road) Rockets and Rocketry 5601.1.4 Roll Coating 202, 2405.11 Roof, Landscaped (see Rooftop Gardens) Roof Vents 910 Roofing Operations Safeguards 3318 Roofs Safeguarding operations 3318 Stairway access 504.3, 1011.12, 1011.16

Rooftop Gardens and Landscaped Roofs 317, 905.3.7 Rooftop Heliport (see Heliport)

Ventilation 309.4 Powered Micromobility Devices 202, 322 Fire safety plan 403.10.6 Precautions against Fire 301.1, 3305, 3309.1.3, 3404 Premises Identification 505 Prespotting (see Dry Cleaning) Pressure Vessel 202 Primary Containment 202 Primary Tank 202 Private Garage 202, 915.2.5 Process

Piping 2907 Raw materials 2908, 2909 Process Transfer

Defined 202

Operations 5706.5 Processing and Extraction Facilities Chapter 39 Processing and extraction of marijuana 3903 Safety systems 3905 Systems and equipment 3904 Propane (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Propellant (Aerosol) Defined 202

Propellant, Smokeless (see Smokeless Propellant) Propylene (see Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Protruding Objects 1003.3 Proximate Audience

Defined 202 Displays 5608.2.2 Public Assemblages and Events 403.11.2 Public Traffic Route (PTR) 202 Public Use Areas 907.5.2.3.1

Defined 202 Public Way 202, 1028.5 Puzzle Room 202, 914.7 Pyrophoric Defined 202 Indoor storage 6404.1 Materials Chapter 64 Outdoor storage 6404.2 Requirements 6403 Use 6405 Pyrotechnic Article Defined 202 Pyrotechnic Composition Defined 202 Pyrotechnic Special Effect Defined 202 Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material Defined 202

Permit 105.5.44 Pyrotechnics Defined 202 Pyroxylin (Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics Decorative materials 807.5.1.4

Fire protection system 903.2.5.3, 1103.5.5, 6504.2 Permit 105.5.45

Raw material 6504.1

Requirements 6503 Storage and handling 6504

Quantity-Distance (Q-D) 202

Quick-Response (QR) Sprinklers (see Automatic Sprinklers)

Rack Storage 3208, 5104.4.3, 5704.3.3.6 Radio Frequency (RF) 202 Radioactive

Gases 5004.7, 5307.1 Materials 5004.3.1 Railway Defined 202

Ramps 1012 Assembly occupancy 1030.14 Construction 1012.10, 1012.2, 1012.5.3, 1012.7 Exit 1023

Exit access 1019

Exterior 1012.7

Guards 1012.9, 1015 Handrails 1012.8, 1014 Interior 1012.2 Landings 1012.6 Slope 1012.2 Raw Product (Wood products) Defined 202 Storage and processing 2808 Reactive Materials (see Unstable (Reactive) Materials or Water Reactive Materials) Ready Box 5608.5.5 Defined 202

Recall, Fire Protection System Component

901.10 Record Drawings (fire alarm system) 202, 907.7.3 Records/Record Keeping 104.7, 104.7.3, 109.2.1, 110.3, 405.6, 606.3.3.3, 608.7, 608.16, 901.6.3, 3210.1, 3503.5, 5603 Recreational Fire 202, 307.4.2 Recycling Facilities 2808 Reduced Flow Valve 202, 6004.2.2.7.5 Referenced Standards 102.7, Chapter 80 Refinery 202 Petroleum 5706.7 Refrigerant 608.3 A2L refrigerants 608.18 Classification 608.4

Defined 202

Detector 608.9 Discharge 608.15 Records 608.16

Storage 608.12 Type 608.5 Refrigeration Machinery Rooms 608.14, 1006.2.2.2 Refrigeration System 202, 608.10.1 Permit 105.5.46 Refrigeration detection 608.9 Refuge, Area of (see Area of Refuge) Refuge Area Associated with Smoke Barriers and Horizontal Exits 404.2.2 Registered Design Professional 104.2.2, 106.1, 909.9, 909.18.8.3 Defined 202 Reinforced Plastics, Indoor Manufacturing 2409

Release of Hazardous Material

5003.3 Religious Worship, Place of 202 Alarms and detection 907.2.1 Means of egress 1010.2.9, 1030

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Rubbish (Trash) 202, 3304.1 Chutes, automatic sprinkler protection 903.2.11.2

Containers 304.3

Safety Can 202, 5003.9.10 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 202, 5003.4 Aerosols 5101.3

Hazard communication 407.2 Safety Rules (Explosives) 5603.7, 5605.6.6 Scope and General Requirements (of the code) 101 Screen Porches and Decks 1015.5 SDS (see Safety Data Sheet) Seating, Folding and Telescopic 202, 1030.1.1 Secondary Containment Above-ground tanks 2306.5 Defined 202

Hazardous materials 5004.2, 5004.2.2, 5005.1.3, 5005.2.1.4, 5005.2.2.4, 5005.3.5, 5005.3.7 Indoor storage 5004.2.2.3 Outdoor storage 5004.2.2.4 Type II dry cleaning systems 2107.2.3 Underground tanks 5003.2.4.1 Secondary Water Supply (see Water Supply) Security Devices 316.5, 1032.2.1 Self-Luminous 202, 1013.5, 1025.4 Self-Service Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facility 202, 2304 Semiconductor Fabrication Facility 202, Chapter 27 Automatic sprinkler system 2703.10 Emergency alarm system 2703.12 Emergency power 1203.2.17, 2703.15 General safety provisions 2703 HPM room 202, 2703.12.1.3, 2703.13.1.2, 2703.14.1, 2703.3.4, 2703.7.3, 2704.3.1, 2705.3.3 Manual fire alarm system 2703.11 Permit 105.5.23 Quantity limits Table 2704.2.2.1 Storage 2704 Transportation and handling 2705.3 Use and handling 2705 Service Corridor 2703.3.8, 2703.9, 2703.12.1.1, 2705.3.3 Defined 202 Service Personnel, Certification of (see Certification of Service Personnel) Service Utilities 111

Shafts 701.2, 1103.4 Shaftway Markings 316.2 Shelf Storage 3207 Defined 202 Specialty storage 3210 Shock Padding 5003.9.7 Shrouds, Decorative (on chimneys)

605.2.1.3 Signs (see Placards; Placarding) Access roads 5604.6.5.1 Accessible means of egress 1009.11, 1009.8.2, 1009.9, 1013.4 Alarms and warning 904.3.4, 2305.6, 2310.5.5.1, 2507, 2603.3.1, 5703.5.1 Electrical rooms 603.4.1

Electrostatic apparatus 2407.5.2

Emergency 604.4, 608.8 Exit 1013, 1203.2.6, 3103.11.6 Fire alarm boxes 907.4.2.4 Fire department connection 912.5 Fire protection equipment rooms 509.1

Fire-resistance-rated

construction 705.2.2

Foam plastic 808.2 Hazardous identification

5003.11.1.1.10, 5003.5, 5003.6,

5503.4.1

Illumination 1013.5 Marking 503.3 No smoking 310.3, 2305.6, 2308.8.1.2.6, 2403.2.6, 5003.7.1,

5704.2.3.1

Placards 311.5, 5604.6.5 Removal 310.4 Stairway identification 1023.8, 1023.9 Stationary storage battery systems 1207.4.8 Storage tanks 5704.2.3, 5706.3.7 Street or road 505.2 Tampering with 113.3.4 Vacant buildings 311.5 Welding 2403.2.7 Silane Gas 6401.1, 6404.2, 6405.3 Site Safety Plan Components 3303.1.1 Defined 202

Responsibility 501.3.1, 3303.1 Site safety director 3303.2, 3303.2.1, 3303.3, 3303.4, 3305.9, 3306.1,

3306.2 Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems 803.10 Defined 202

Sky Lanterns 308.1.7 Defined 202

Small Arms Ammunition and Small Arms Ammunition Components 202, 5606 Small Arms Primers

Defined 202

Group M 5606.5.1.3 Group R-3 5606.4.3 Storage 5606.5.2.3 Smoke Alarm 907.2.11, 1031.6, 1103.8 Maintenance 901.6, 907.10 Multiple-station smoke alarm 202, 907.2.11, 1103.8 Replacement 907.10 Single-station smoke alarm 202, 907.2.11, 1103.8 Smoke detection system as alternative to 907.2.11.7

Smoke and Heat Vents 910, 3206.8 Smoke Barriers

Construction 909.5

Defined 202

Maintenance 701.3, 704.1 Opening protectives in 705.2, 909.5.3 Pressure differential 909.18.6

Smoke Compartment Defined 202

Smoke Control Systems 909 Permit 105.6.20

Smoke Damper 202, 909.5.3.2, 1105.5.7

Smoke Detector 907.2.11.7, 907.2.13.1.2, 907.3.1, 907.4.1, 907.4.3 Defined 202

Smoke Partitions 701.4

Defined 202

Smoke Removal 910.4

Smoke-Developed Index Defined 202

Smokeless Propellants Defined 202

General 5606 Storage and handling 5604 Smokeproof Enclosure Defined 202 Smoke-Protected Assembly Seating 1030.6.2

Defined 202 Smoking 310, 2003.2, 2006.3.8, 2310.5.5.1, 2403.2.6, 2803.5.3, 2903.7, 3305.2, 3404.3, 5003.7.1, 5704.2.3.1, 5706.6.1.9 Signs 310.3 Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems 1205 Permit 105.6.21 Solid (material state) Defined 202

Solid Biofuel 2809.4

Defined 202

Solid Biomass Feedstock 2809.4

Defined 202 Solid Shelving Defined 202

Fire protection 3208.2.2.1 Racks 3208.2.2

Solvent Distillation Unit 5705.4

Defined 202 Solvent or Liquid Classifications, Dry Cleaning 2103 Defined 202

Space Heaters 4102.1, 3304 Special Amusement Areas Defined 202

Exit access travel distance Table

1017.2 Fire alarm system 907.2.12, 914.7.2 Permit 105.5.3

Sprinklers Table 903.2.11.6, 914.7.1 Special Expert 202 Special Industrial Explosive Device 5601.1 Defined 202 Spill Control Carts and trucks 5003.10.3.4 Dry cleaning 2107.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids 5703.4, 5704.3.7.3, 5704.3.8.2, 5705.3.7.5.3, 5705.3.7.6.3, 5706.2.6,

5706.5.1.5

Hazardous materials 5004.2, 5005.1.3, 5005.2.1.3, 5005.2.2.4, 5005.3.4,

5005.3.6

Lead-acid battery systems Table 1207.6, 1207.6.2 Service stations and repair garages 2305.3 Spills 2004.4, 2006.11, 2310.5.2, 3108.14.5.3,

3309.1.5 Spontaneous Ignition Hazards 304.3.1, 305.2, 3304.2 Spotting (see Dry Cleaning)

INDEX-14 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Mechanical refrigeration rooms 608.12

Mechanical rooms 315.3.3

Nitrocellulose 2909.4 Organic peroxide 2909.5, 6204 Outside 315.4

Oxidizers 6304

Plan 5003.11.1.1.11

Plenums 315.6 Pyrophoric materials 6404 Pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics 6504

Rack 3208

Self-service facilities 903.2.9.4

Semiconductor fabrication facilities

2704 Solid-piled and shelf 3207 Specialty 3210 Tank 2909.2, 5704.2 Tire 3405, 3409 Under floors 315.3.4 Under high-voltage transmission lines 315.5 Unstable (reactive) materials 6604 Upholstered furniture 903.2.9.4 Water-reactive solids and liquids 6704 Wood chips 2807, 2808 Storage Occupancy (Group S) 203 Means of egress 1006.2.1, 1006.3, 1017.2, 1017.2.2, 1018.5, 1019 Sprinklers 903.2.10 Story Defined 202

Story Above Grade Plane Defined 202 Sub-Atmospheric Pressure Gas Systems (SAGS) 2703.16 Subordinate (Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems) 202, 901.6.2 Sumps 5706.3.3 Supervising Station 903.4.2, 905.9 Defined 202 Supervision 903.3.8.4, 903.4.1, 904.11.2, 905.9, 913.4 Supervisory Service Defined 202 Supervisory Signal 202, 903.4.2, 905.9 System (hazardous materials) Defined 202

Tags 901.7.2, 901.7.3, 901.8.1, 904.9.2 Tank Abandonment of 5704.2.13,

5704.2.13.1.4 Above-ground 2306.2.2, 2306.2.3, 2306.2.4, 5003.2.4.2, 5404.2.1, 5704.2.13.2, 5704.2.7.3.5.1, 5704.2.9 Anchoring 5704.2.8.5 Capacity 2305.1.2 Capacity, available 5704.2.9.7.5.2 Compressed gas 5303.1, 5303.4.2 Construction 5704.2.9.6.1 Cooking oil storage 607 Defective 5003.2.6.2

Defined 202 Design and construction 5003.2.1, 5704.2.7, 5704.2.9.6.1

Spray Booth Areas adjacent to 2403.2.1.3 Construction 2404.5.3

Defined 202

Permit 105.5.49, 105.6.23 Ventilation 2403.3.5.2 Spray Finishing 105.5.49, 105.6.23, 2404 Inflatable or portable enclosures 2404.2 Limited finishing workstation 2404.5.4 Membrane enclosures 2404.3 Spray Fire-Resistant Materials 708 Spray Room Construction 2404.5.1

Defined 202

Permit 105.5.49, 105.6.23 Ventilation 2403.3.5.2 Spraying Space Defined 202 Sprinkler Express Riser 202 Sprinkler System (see Automatic Sprinkler System) Stage Canopy, Temporary (see Temporary Stage Canopy) Stages, Fire Protection for 905.3.4, 914.6 Stairway 1011 Accessible means of egress 1009.2, 1009.3, 1009.6 Capacity 1005.3.1 Exit, exterior 1027 Exit, interior 1023, 1024, 1025 Exit access 1019

Identification 1023.8, 1023.9, 1104.21,

1104.24 On flammable and combustible liquid loading racks 5706.5.1.12 On flammable and combustible liquid storage tanks 5704.2.9.4 Roof access 1011.2 Spiral stairways 1011.10 Standby Personnel (see Fire Watch)

3108.16

Standby Power System 202, 1203, 5005.1.5 Accessible means of egress 1009.4.1 Elevators 604.3 Emergency voice/alarm communications systems 907.5.2.2.5 Energy storage systems (ESS) 1207.6.1.2.1 Gas detection systems 916.5, 1207.6.1.2.4

Hazardous materials 5004.7, 5005.1.5 Higher education laboratory 3804.1.1.6

Hoistway pressurization systems 909.21.5 Hydrogen storage rooms 5808.7 In-building emergency responder communications system 510.4.2.3 Organic peroxides 6204.1.11 Platform lifts 1009.5 Smoke control systems 909.11 Pressurized stairways 909.20.5.2 Special purpose doors 1010.3.3 Stairway and ramp ventilation systems 909.20.5.2

Standpipes 905 Buildings under construction/ demolition 3307.5

Classes of 202

Dry 905.8 Existing buildings 1103.6, 1103.6.1 Heliports and helistops 905.3.5, 1103.6.2, 2007.5 Landscaped roofs 905.3.7 Permit 105.6.24 Rooftop gardens 905.3.7 Types 202 Static Piles (wood products) 202 Protection 2808.6

Static Protection 5706.5.1.7 Stationary Storage Battery Systems (see Battery System, Stationary Storage) Stills, Dry Cleaning 2104.2.4, 2107.1 Stop Work Order 114 Storage Aerosol, inside 5104 Ammunition 5606

Attics 315.3.4

Automated 3209

Boiler rooms 315.3.3

Calcium carbide 3507.1

Carousel 3209.3 Combustible fibers, baled 3705 Combustible fibers, detached structure

3704.6 Combustible fibers, loose 3704 Combustible liquids 5704 Combustible materials 105.5.33, 315,

2003.6 Compressed gas 5304 Concealed spaces 315.3.4 Corridors and lobbies in Group E 807.5.2.1

Corrosive materials 5404 Cryogenic fluids 5504 Cylinder and container, welding 3505.2 Distilled spirits and wines 903.2.9.3, 4004

Electrical rooms 315.3.3

Elevator lobbies 604.5.1, 604.5.2,

604.5.3

Explosives 5604 Exterior, finished lumber 2809 Fire command centers 315.3.3, 508.1.6 Flammable gases 5804 Flammable liquids 5704 Flammable solids 5904

Foam 5704.2.9.2.2.1

Fuel oil 605.4

Hazardous materials 5004 Hazardous materials storage defined 202 High-piled combustible Chapter 32 Hogged material 2807, 2808 Indoor 315

Log areas 2806 Loose combustible fibers 3704

LP-gas 6109 Mattresses 903.2.9.4 Means of egress 315.3.2, 807.1, 807.5.2.1, 807.5.5.1, 1032.2, 1032.3

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Diking 5704.2.10.2 Discharge 5704.2.7.5.5.2 Dispensing 5706.2.8, 5706.5.4 Drainage control 2306.5 Empty 5003.2.5, 5704.3.3.4, 5704.4.8 Fill pipe connections 5704.2.9.7.6 Filling operations 2305.1, 5706.6.1.10 Hot work on 3510, 5704.2.7.6 Inside buildings 2306.2.2, 5704.2.9.5 Installation 5003.2.4, 5704.2.7 Lining 5704.2.7.11 Low-pressure 202 Maintenance 2903.9 Manifolding 5704.2.7.3.5 Marking 5706.2.2 Openings 2306.6.2.1, 5704.2.7.5, 5704.2.9.7.8

Out of service

5003.2.6.1, 5704.2.13.1.1 Outside buildings 5704.2.9.6 Overfill protection 5704.2.11.3, 5704.2.7.5.8, 5704.2.9.7.6, 5706.4.6, 5706.6.1.5, 5706.8.3, 5706.8.5,

5806.4.7 Permanent and temporary 5706.2.4 Piping 2306.6.3 Piping, valves and fittings 2306.6.2 Portable 2306.2.5, 5704.3 Preparation for fueling 2310.5.6 Pressure 2409.3, 5704.2.7.2 Primary 202 Protected above-ground (see Above-ground) Removal 5704.2.14

Repair, alteration or reconstruction 5704.2.7.6 Secondary containment 5704.2.9.7.3 Security 2306.3 Solvent storage 2107.3 Stationary 6004.2.2.7.4 Storage 2909.2, 5704, 5706.3.1.1, 5706.3.5

Testing 5704.2.12 Underground 2306.2.1, 5003.2.4.1, 5704.2.11, 5704.2.13.1, 5704.2.7.3.5.2 Vaults 2306.2.4, 5704.2.8 Vehicle 2909.3, 5706.5.1.15, 5706.5.1.16, 5706.6 Venting 5704.2.7.3, 5706.2.4.2 Water 507.2.2, 507.5.3 Tank, Atmospheric Defined 202

Tank, Portable Defined 202 Tank Cars (see Bulk Transfer) 5706.5.1 Loading racks or stations 2909.3, 5706.5.1.12 Use as storage tank 5704.2.2 Tank Vehicle 2904.3.2, 5706.5.1.16.1, 5706.6 Aircraft fuel-servicing 2005.4 Certification 5706.5.1.15

Construction 5003.2.1

Defined 202 Dispensing from 5706.2.8, 5706.5.4 Fire protection 5706.6.4 Garaging 5706.6.3, 6111.3 Loading racks or stations 2909.3 Operation 5706.6.1 Parking 5706.6.3, 6111

Smoking 5706.6.1.9 Stability 5706.5.1.16 Use as storage tank 5704.2.2 Tar Kettle [see Asphalt (Tar) Kettles] Technical Assistance 104.2.2 Telephone Dialing-devices, Automatic 907.6.6.1 Temporary Heating Equipment 3305.1, Chapter 41 Temporary Special Event Structures 3105 Defined 202

Permit 105.6.25 Temporary Structures, Uses, Equipment and Systems 107 Temporary Wiring 603.8, 3305.6 Tenant Identification (see Covered and Open Mall Buildings) Tenant Spaces, Vacant (see Vacant Premises) Tents and Other Membrane

Structures Chapter 31 Access 3103.7.1

Air-inflated structure 3102.1

Air-supported structure 3102.1, 3103.9 Approval 3103.2 Crowd managers 3107.4.3, 3108.16.2 Defined 202 Fire safety requirements 3104.2 Generators 3107.6.2, 3108.15 Heating and cooking equipment 3108.12, 4101.5 Location 3105.7

LP-gas 4101.6 Means of egress 3103.11 Occupant load 3108.11 On buildings 3103.7.4 Operational requirements 3108 Permit 105.5.51, 105.6.25 Portable fire extinguisher 3105.8, 3107.4.4, 3107.5.2, 3107.6.3, 3108.9 Seating 3103.10 Structural stability 3103.8 Umbrella structures 202

Waste 3108.18 Testing, Acceptance (see Acceptance Testing) Theft Resistant 5604.5.1.2

Defined 202 Through-Penetration Firestop System 202

Timber and Lumber Production Facilities

2807

Defined 202 Tire Rebuilding 3403 Permit 105.5.50 Precautions against fire 3404 Tire Storage Chapter 34 Access 3406

Fencing 3407 Indoor 3409

Outdoor 3405

Permit 105.5.50 Precautions against fire 3404 Tires, Bulk Storage of Defined 202 Tool (semiconductor fabrication) Defined 202 Torch-Applied Roof System Defined 202

Torches 308.4

Permit 105.5.37

Toxic

Defined 202 Materials (see Highly Toxic and Toxic Materials) Trade-Offs for Sprinklers 904.2.1 Traffic Calming Devices 503.4.1 Defined 202 Training, Employee Emergency 406 Transient

Defined 202 Transient Aircraft 202, 914.8.3 Transportation Hazardous materials 2705.3, 5003.10 LP-gas 6101.1 Transverse Flue Space (see Flue Spaces) Trash (see Rubbish) Travel Distance, Exit Access 1016 Treatment Systems 608.13.5, 2703.14.3, 6003.1.3, 6003.2.3.2, 6004.2.2.7, 6004.3.4.1 Trees (see Natural Cut Trees) Trouble Signal 903.4.2, 906.2, 916.5, 3905.1.2, 5808.5.2 Defined 202

Tube Trailers 5303.7.11

Defined 202

Turnstiles 1010

Unauthorized Discharge 5003.3.1, 5706.2.8 Defined 202 Underground Buildings 403.10.3, 905.3.4, 907.2.18, 907.2.19, 914.5, Table 1103.1,

1203.2.19

Unlawful Acts 113.1 Unoccupied Tenant Space 311.6 Unsafe Buildings (see Building) Unsafe Heating Appliances 605.2 Unsafe Structures or Equipment 115 Unstable (Reactive) Material Chapter 66 Defined 202 Indoor storage 6604.1 Outdoor storage 6604.2 Requirements 6603 Use 6605.1

Unvented Heaters 4103.1

Unwanted Fire

Defined 202

Ignitions 305.5 Reporting 401.3, 3310 Upholstered Furniture (see Furniture, Upholstered) Use, Change of (see Change of Use) Utility Identification 509.1.1

Vacant Premises 311

Abandoned 311.1.1

Fire protection systems 311.2.2 Placarding 311.5 Removal of hazardous materials 311.4 Safeguarding 311.2 Tenant spaces 311.1.2, 311.6, 403.10.1.6

Waste removal 311.3

Valet Trash Collection 202, 304.1.1, Appendix O Vapor Area, Flammable Defined 202

INDEX-16 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX

Quantities 2705.2.2, Table 2705.2.2,

2705.2.3.4

Ventilation 2703.14.1

Zone

Fire alarm 907.6.4 Notification 202, 907.5.2.1 Smoke control 909.18.7, 909.6, 909.7,

909.8.1 Zoning Indicator Panel 907.6.4.1

Vapor Balance System 2306.7.9.1 Vapor-Processing System 2306.7.9.2, 5706.8

Vapor-Recovery System 2306.7.9, 5706.8 Vegetative Roof 202, 317 Vehicle Impact Protection (see Impact Protection, Vehicle) Vehicles 314.4 Compressed natural gas powered 2308

Gas-fueled 3108.14

Impact protection 312 Indoor display 314.4 Industrial 6103.2.2 Liquid-fueled 3108.14 LP-gas-powered 2307 Overfilling 2307.7 Storage of, in buildings 313.2 Tank 2909.3, 5704.2.2, 5706.5.1.15, 5706.5.1.16, 5706.6 Ventilation

Battery systems 1207.6.1 Defined 202 Dry cleaning 2104.2.1, 2105.2.3, 2106.3.3 Electrostatic equipment 2406.7 Exhaust 2703.14, 2703.15.2 Floor surfacing 2410.5 Hazardous materials 5003.8.4.2, 5003.8.5.2, 5003.8.6.2, 5005.2.1.1,

5005.2.2.1 Indoor dispensing 5005.1.9 Indoor storage areas 5004.3 Industrial ovens 3003.1

Powered industrial trucks 309.4

Process structures 2905.5 Refrigeration machinery room 608.14 Reinforced plastics manufacturing 2409.6

Repair garages 2311.4.3, 2311.8.8 Spray finishing 2404.9, 2404.9.4, 2406.7

Vents, Smoke and Heat (see Smoke and Heat Vents) Violation Penalties 113.4

Violations 113 Visible Alarm Notification Appliance 202,

907.5.2.3

Warehouse

Aerosol 5102.1, 5104.3, Table 5104.3.2, 5104.4 Liquid 5104.6, Table 5704.3.6(2), Table 5704.3.6.3(3), 5704.3.8,

5704.3.8.5 Warning Signs Compressed gas vaults 5303.16.13 Explosives 5604.10.5, 5605.8.2 Fire-extinguishing systems 904.3.4 Flammable and combustible liquid vaults 5704.2.8.15 Flammable finish operations 2403.2.7 Flammable liquids storage 5703.5 Fruit and crop ripening 2507 Fuel dispensing 2305.6 Fumigation and insecticidal fogging 2603.3.1 Hazard communication (haz-mat) 407.3, 5003.5

Oxygen in home health care 6306.6 Shaftways 316.2.1, 316.2.2 Warrants 104.4.1 Waste Materials, Combustible 105.5.53, 304, 3304.1 Waste Oil 605.1.3, 2311.2.2 Wastebaskets and Waste Containers

304.3, 304.3.6, 808.1, 3304.1.3 Watch, Fire (see Fire Watch) Water Mist System (see Automatic Water Mist System) Water Supply Buildings under construction or demolition, standpipes 3314 Fire protection 507, 3313 Required 507.1 Secondary for high-rise 914.3.2 Sprinklers 903.3.5 Standpipes 3314 Test 507.4 Water-Reactive Material Chapter 67 Defined 202 Indoor storage 6704.1 Outdoor storage 6704.2 Requirements 6703 Use 6705

Weather Protection 5004.13, 5005.3.9, 5608.5.2, 5704.4.7, 5705.3.8.4, 5706.5.1.2, 6003.2.5, 6404.2.2, 6405.2 Welding and Other Hot Work Chapter 35 Cutting 3505 Defined 202

Electric arc 3506 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks 3504.1.7, 3510, 5704.2.7.6

Gas 3505

Permit 105.5.12, 105.5.25 Requirements 3503, 3504 Tire storage yards 3404.2 Warning signs in flammable finish operations 2403.2.7 Well Drilling 5706.3 Wet Fueling (see Mobile Fueling) Wet Hosing (see Mobile Fueling) Wet-Chemical Extinguishing Agent 202, 904.5 Wharves

202, 2310.3.1, 2310.5.5, 5706.4.7 Wildfire Risk Area 202, 308.1.5, 308.2 Winder 202, 1011.5.3, 1011.9 Window Wells 1031.5

Windowless Stories or Areas 903.2.11.1 Wireless Protection System 202, 907.6.1 Wiring, Electrical Abandoned in plenums 603.9 Hazards 603

Wood Products 105.5.54, 2807, 2808 Wood Veneers 803.12 Woodworking Facilities (see Lumber Yards and Woodworking Facilities) 903.2.4.1 Workstation (semiconductor manufacturing) 202 Automatic sprinkler system 2703.10.1, 2703.10.4.3

Construction 2705.2.3.1, 2705.2.3.2 Drainage and containment 2705.2.3.3 Electrical 2703.7.2

HPM 2704.2.1, 2705.2.1

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

INDEX-18 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

HISTORY NOTE APPENDIX

California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 9

HISTORY:

For prior code history, see the History Note Appendix to the California Fire Code, 2022 Triennial Edition, effective January 1, 2023.

1. (SFM 06/24)—Adoption by reference of the 2024 International Fire Code with necessary amendments to become the 2025 California Fire Code, and repeal of the 2018 edition of the International Fire Code. Approved by the California Building Standards Commission on February 26, 2025, filed with Secretary of State on March 7, 2025, and effective on January 1, 2026.

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

HIST-2 2025 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

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