Section 1809 — SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS — 2025 California Building Code (Title 24, Part 2)

1809.1 General. ¶

1809.1 General. Shallow foundations shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Sections 1809.2 through 1809.13.

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1809.2 Supporting soils. ¶

1809.2 Supporting soils. Shallow foundations shall be built on undisturbed soil, compacted fill material or controlled low-strength material (CLSM). Compacted fill material shall be placed in accordance with Section 1804.6. CLSM shall be placed in accordance with Section 1804.7.

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1809.3 Stepped footings. ¶

1809.3 Stepped footings. The top surface of footings shall be level. The bottom surface of footings shall be permitted to have a slope not exceeding 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). Footings shall be stepped where it is necessary to change the elevation of the top surface of the footing or where the surface of the ground slopes more than 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10-percent slope). [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Individual steps in continuous footings shall not exceed 18 inches (457 mm) in height and the slope of a series of such steps shall not exceed 1 unit…

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1809.4 Depth and width of footings. ¶

1809.4 Depth and width of footings. The minimum depth of footings below the undisturbed ground surface shall be 12 inches (305 mm). Where applicable, the requirements of Section 1809.5 shall be satisfied. The minimum width of footings shall be 12 inches (305 mm).

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1809.5 Frost protection. ¶

1809.5 Frost protection. Except where otherwise protected from frost, foundations and other permanent supports of buildings and structures shall be protected from frost by one or more of the following methods: 1. Extending below the frost line of the locality. 2. Constructing in accordance with ASCE 32. 3. Erecting on solid rock. Exception: Free-standing buildings meeting all of the following conditions shall not be required to be protected: 1. Assigned to Risk Category I. 2. Area of 600 square feet (56 m [2] ) or less for light-frame construction or 400 square feet (37 m [2] ) or less for…

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1809.6 Location of footings. ¶

1809.6 Location of footings. Footings on granular soil shall be so located that the line drawn between the lower edges of adjacent footings shall not have a slope steeper than 30 degrees (0.52 rad) with the horizontal, unless the material supporting the higher footing is braced or retained or otherwise laterally supported in an approved manner or a greater slope has been properly established by engineering analysis.

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1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame construction. ¶

1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame construction. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Not permitted by OSHPD. Where a specific design is not provided, concrete or masonry-unit footings supporting walls of light-frame construction shall be permitted to be designed in accordance with Table 1809.7. TABLE 1809.7—PRESCRIPTIVE FOOTINGS SUPPORTING WALLS OF LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTIONa, b, c, d, eCol2Col3 --------- NUMBER OF FLOORS SUPPORTED BY THE FOOTINGfWIDTH OF FOOTING (inches)THICKNESS OF FOOTING (inches) 1126 2156 3188g For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.<bra. Depth of footings shall be in…

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1809.8 Plain concrete footings. ¶

1809.8 Plain concrete footings. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Not permitted by OSHPD. The edge thickness of plain concrete footings supporting walls of other than light-frame construction shall be not less than 8 inches (203 mm) where placed on soil or rock. Exception: For plain concrete footings supporting Group R-3 occupancies, the edge thickness is permitted to be 6 inches (152 mm), provided that the footing does not extend beyond a distance greater than the thickness of the footing on either side of the supported wall.

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1809.9 Masonry-unit footings. ¶

1809.9 Masonry-unit footings. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Not permitted by OSHPD. The design, materials and construction of masonry-unit footings shall comply with Sections 1809.9.1 and 1809.9.2, and the provisions of Chapter 21. Exception: Where a specific design is not provided, masonry-unit footings supporting walls of light-frame construction shall be permitted to be designed in accordance with Table 1809.7. 1809.9.1 Dimensions. Masonry-unit footings shall be laid in Type M or S mortar complying with Section 2103.2.1 and the depth shall be not less than twice the projection beyond the wall, pier or…

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1809.10 Pier and curtain wall foundations. ¶

1809.10 Pier and curtain wall foundations. Except in Seismic Design Categories D, E and F, pier and curtain wall foundations shall be permitted to be used to support light-frame construction not more than two stories above grade plane, provided that the following requirements are met: 1. All load-bearing walls shall be placed on continuous concrete footings bonded integrally with the exterior wall footings. 2. The minimum actual thickness of a load-bearing masonry wall shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) nominal or 3 [5] / 8 inches (92 mm) actual thickness, and shall be bonded integrally…

provision permitted lot commission district approval parking minimum height dwelling application requirement review coverage subject setback occupancy development standard accessory yard section structure compliance use provision permitted lot commission district approval parking minimum height dwelling application requirement review coverage subject setback occupancy development standard accessory yard section structure compliance use provision permitted lot commission district approval parking minimum height dwelling application requirement review coverage subject setback occupancy development standard accessory yard section structure compliance use provision permitted lot commission district approval parking minimum height dwelling application requirement review coverage subject setback occupancy development standard accessory yard section structure compliance use provision permitted lot commission district approval parking minimum height dwelling application requirement review coverage subject setback occupancy development standard accessory yard section structure compliance use

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1809.11 Steel grillage footings. ¶

1809.11 Steel grillage footings. Grillage footings of structural steel elements shall be separated with approved steel spacers and be entirely encased in concrete with not less than 6 inches (152 mm) on the bottom and not less than 4 inches (102 mm) at all other points. The spaces between the shapes shall be completely filled with concrete or cement grout.

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1809.12 Timber footings. ¶

1809.12 Timber footings. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Not permitted by OSHPD. Timber footings shall be permitted for buildings of Type V construction and as otherwise approved by the building official. Such footings shall be treated in accordance with AWPA U1 (Commodity Specification A, Use Category 4B). Treated timbers are not required where placed entirely below permanent water level, or where used as capping for wood piles that project above the water level over submerged or marsh lands. The compressive stresses perpendicular to grain in untreated timber footings supported on treated piles shall not…

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1809.13 Footing seismic ties. ¶

1809.13 Footing seismic ties. Where a structure is assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F, individual spread footings founded on soil defined in Chapter 20 of ASCE 7 as Site Class E or F shall be interconnected by ties. Unless it is demonstrated that equivalent restraint is provided by reinforced concrete beams within slabs on grade or reinforced concrete slabs on grade, ties shall be capable of carrying, in tension or compression, a force equal to the lesser of the product of the larger footing design gravity load times the seismic coefficient, S DS, divided by 10 and 25 percent of…

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1809.14 Grade beams. Grade beams shall comply with the provisions of ACI 318. ¶

1809.14 Grade beams. Grade beams shall comply with the provisions of ACI 318. Exception: Grade beams not subject to differential settlement exceeding one-fourth of the thresholds specified in ASCE 7 Table 12.13-3 and designed to resist the seismic load effects including overstrength factor in accordance with Section 2.3.6 or 2.4.5 of ASCE 7 need not comply with ACI 318 Section 18.13.3.1.

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1809.15 Pipes and Trenches. ¶

1809.15 Pipes and Trenches. [OSHPD 1R, 2 & 5] Unless otherwise recommended by the soils report, open or backfilled trenches parallel with a footing shall not be below a plane having a downward slope of 1 unit vertical to 2 units horizontal (50-percent slope) from a line 9 inches (229 mm) above the bottom edge of the footing, and not closer than 18 inches (457 mm) from the face of such footing. Where pipes cross under footings, the footings shall be specially designed. Pipe sleeves shall be provided where pipes cross through footings or footing walls and sleeve clearances shall provide for…

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