CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code

Where does the CWUIC reference the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations (Title 14) and PRC cross‑references?

If your project is in a State Responsibility Area approved after January 1, 1991, or in a Local Responsibility Area mapped as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone after July 1, 2021, the CWUIC (see § 610.1) directs you to comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations found in CCR Title 14 (Div. 1.5, Ch. 7).

Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2-4 sentences

The California Wildland‑Urban Interface Code requires that all residential, commercial and industrial construction in State Responsibility Areas (SRA) (approved after January 1, 1991) and construction within Local Responsibility Area (LRA) Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (as defined by Government Code §51177 and after July 1, 2021) comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations (Title 14, Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2). This requirement is stated in § 610.1 of the CWUIC.

If your project is in an SRA (post‑1991) or in an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (as of the GC definition after 7/1/2021), the CWUIC directs you to follow the Title 14 SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations via § 610.1.


Requirements in detail

Controlling text (plain reference)

  • The controlling CWUIC text is § 610.1: it ties applicability to Public Resources Code (PRC) § 4290 and to the Title 14 SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations (Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2). § 610.1 spells out the two geographic/date triggers (SRA after January 1, 1991; LRA VHFSZ after July 1, 2021).

Decision‑relevant dimensions (quick reference table)

Decision dimension What to check Value / threshold Code Reference
Where (jurisdictional area) Is the site in an SRA? State Responsibility Area § 610.1
Where (jurisdictional area) Is the site in an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone? LRA VHFSZ as defined in GC §51177 § 610.1
When (date of approval) Was the building construction approved after? January 1, 1991 (for SRA) § 610.1
When (LRA trigger date) LRA VHFSZ designation effect July 1, 2021 (applies to LRA VHFSZ as defined by GC §51177) § 610.1
What (scope of work / building types) Which projects are pulled in Residential, commercial, industrial construction § 610.1
Where to find SRA rules Referenced regulatory text Title 14, Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2 (SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations) § 610.1
Subdivision findings Tentative/parcel map compliance & findings GC §66474.02 and Title 14, Div.1.5, Ch.7 Subch.1, Art.1 § 610.2
Subdivision survey authority Board survey of subdivisions at significant fire risk PRC §4290.5 and Title 14, Div.1.5, Ch.7 Subch.1, Art.2 § 611.1

How CWUIC references Title 14 and PRC (locations)

  • § 610.1 — Direct cross‑reference to PRC §4290 and to the Title 14 SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations (Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2); lists the SRA and LRA VHFSZ triggers and approval dates.
  • § 610.2 — Requires subdivision map findings under Government Code §66474.02 and compliance with Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 1 (map/transmittal procedures).
  • § 611.1 — Directs the Board’s subdivision‑risk survey pursuant to PRC §4290.5 and Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 2.
  • Chapter 4 (e.g., § 402.1.1, § 402.1.2) and other Fire Protection Requirements repeat or point to Title 14 (Div.1.5, Ch.7, Subch.2) for access and water supply requirements.

Note about reprints and adoption authority

  • The CWUIC contains reprinted portions of CCR Title 14, Division 1.5 for user convenience. Those Title 14 provisions in the CWUIC are reprints and are identified in the code text; they are not necessarily adopted by the Office of the State Fire Marshal through the CWUIC adoption process. The code explains this reprint practice explicitly.

Exceptions & special cases

  • The CWUIC text itself does not list a blanket exception to § 610.1’s applicability — instead it defines the jurisdictional and date triggers (SRA after 1/1/1991; LRA VHFSZ after 7/1/2021) that determine when Title 14 SRA regulations apply. See § 610.1.
  • Subdivision review is handled separately: before approving a tentative or certain parcel maps in an SRA or an LRA VHFSZ, counties must make findings about compliance and available structural protection and transmit maps to the Board per § 610.2 (citing GC §66474.02 and Title 14 Subchapter 1).
  • The CWUIC reprints Title 14 material but notes that those provisions are not in the “Matrix Adoption Tables” because they are outside the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt—treat the Title 14 text in the CWUIC as a convenience reprint; the authoritative source remains the CCR Title 14.

If you need the exact wording of a particular Title 14 SRA requirement (for example, the text of a specific Title 14 section cited by CWUIC), that text resides in CCR Title 14 (Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2). The CWUIC points to it but does not replace the authoritative CCR source in every administrative context.


Common mistakes

  • Misreading the date triggers: people often assume the rule applies to all SRA construction regardless of approval date. The CWUIC ties SRA applicability to building approvals after January 1, 1991 — check § 610.1.
  • Confusing SRA vs LRA triggers: SRA applicability is tied to PRC §4290; LRA applicability in CWUIC is limited to areas designated as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones per GC §51177 (and effective per the date in § 610.1).
  • Treating CWUIC reprinted Title 14 text as the adopting authority: the CWUIC clearly marks Title 14 reprints and explains they are included for convenience — verify the CCR Title 14 for enforcement/interpretation questions.

Worked example — concrete scenario

Scenario: A developer submits a building permit for a new industrial facility located inside a mapped SRA; the county approved the project on June 15, 2005.

  • Step 1 — Determine geographic trigger: property is in an SRA. (Check local maps and CWUIC Chapter 3).
  • Step 2 — Determine date trigger: approval is after January 1, 1991. Yes — June 15, 2005 > 1/1/1991.
  • Step 3 — Apply the rule in § 610.1: CWUIC directs that this construction must comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations in Title 14, Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2. The applicant must show compliance with the applicable Title 14 SRA provisions as part of permitting.

Alternate scenario: A homeowner files for a new residence in an LRA area that the county designated a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone by ordinance on January 15, 2022. Because the LRA VHFSZ designation is after July 1, 2021, the CWUIC’s cross‑reference would pull in Title 14 SRA requirements for construction in that LRA VHFSZ per § 610.1.


Related provisions (CWUIC sections)

  • § 610.1 — Fire Safe Development Regulations; tie to PRC §4290 and Title 14 SRA regulations.
  • § 610.2 — Subdivision map findings; references GC §66474.02 and Title 14 Subchapter 1 Article 1.
  • § 611.1 — Subdivision identification/survey; cites PRC §4290.5 and Title 14 Subchapter 1 Article 2.
  • § 402.1.1 / § 402.1.2 — Applicability for access and water supply; reference Title 14 Div. 1.5, Ch. 7, Subch. 2 for technical requirements.
  • Chapter 4 (various sections) — Numerous cross‑references to Title 14 for fuel breaks, water supply, access and related measures. See Chapter 4 overview and specific sections.

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CWUIC § 609.2.3 High relevance — show source text

    609.2.3 Location of fuel breaks. Fuel breaks may be required at locations such as, but not limited to: (1) Directly adjacent to defensible space as defined by Title 14 CCR Section 1299.02 to reduce radiant and convective heat expo- sure and ember impacts, or support firefighting tactics. (2) Directly adjacent to roads to manage radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, increase evacuation safety, or support firefighting tactics. (3) Directly adjacent to a hazardous land use to limit the spread of fire from such uses, reduce radiant and convective heat exposure, or support firefighting tactics. (4) Strategically located along ridgelines, in greenbelts, or in other locations to reduce radiant and convective heat exposure and ember impacts, or support community level firefighting tactics.

    [CCR T14 §1276.03(d)]

    609.2.4 Timing. Fuel breaks shall be completed prior to the commencement of any permitted construction. [CCR T14 §1276.03(e)]

    609.2.5 Construction. Fuel breaks shall be constructed using the most ecologically and site appropriate treatment option, such as, but not limited to, prescribed burning, manual treatment, mechanical treatment, prescribed herbivory, and targeted ground applica- tion of herbicides. [CCR T14 §1276.03(f)]

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    FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

    609.2.6 Maintenance of fuel breaks. Where a local jurisdiction requires fuel breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time.

    The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the fuel break is established, shall ensure adequate main- tenance levels, and may include: written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners’ association; or other funding mechanisms. [CCR T14 §1276.03(g) and (h)]

    609.2.7 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. Where a greenbelt, greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area or portion thereof is intended to serve as a fuel break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1276.03. [CCR T14 §1276.04]

    SECTION 610—FIRE SAFE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS

    610.1 General. Pursuant to Public Resources Code, Section 4290, all residential, commercial and industrial building construction within state responsibility areas approved after January 1, 1991, and within lands classified and designated as an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177 of the Government Code after July 1, 2021, shall comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations as specified in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2.

  • CWUIC § 609.2.6 High relevance — show source text

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    FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

    609.2.6 Maintenance of fuel breaks. Where a local jurisdiction requires fuel breaks, maintenance mechanisms shall be established to ensure the fire behavior objectives and thresholds are maintained over time.

    The mechanisms required shall be binding upon the property for which the fuel break is established, shall ensure adequate main- tenance levels, and may include: written legal agreements; permanent fees, taxes, or assessments; assessments through a homeowners’ association; or other funding mechanisms. [CCR T14 §1276.03(g) and (h)]

    609.2.7 Greenbelts, greenways, open spaces and parks. Where a greenbelt, greenway, open space, park, landscaped or natural area or portion thereof is intended to serve as a fuel break, the space or relevant portion thereof shall conform with the requirements in California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 1276.03. [CCR T14 §1276.04]

    SECTION 610—FIRE SAFE DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS

    610.1 General. Pursuant to Public Resources Code, Section 4290, all residential, commercial and industrial building construction within state responsibility areas approved after January 1, 1991, and within lands classified and designated as an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as defined in subdivision (i) of Section 51177 of the Government Code after July 1, 2021, shall comply with the SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations as specified in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2.

    610.2 Subdivision map findings. Pursuant to Government Code (GC), Section 66474.02, before approving a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, for an area located in an SRA or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as both are defined in GC Section 51177, a legislative body of a county, except as provided in GC Section 66474.02(c), shall make findings regarding compliance with the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the availability of structural fire protection and suppression services. These findings and accompanying map shall be transmitted to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and comply with the requirements in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 1.

    SECTION 611—SUBDIVISION REVIEW SURVEY

    611.1 Subdivision identification. Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 4290.5 and Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 2, the Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal, shall survey local governments to identify existing subdivi- sions, as defined in Article 2, located in an SRA area or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone without a secondary egress route that is at significant fire risk.

    611.2 Fire safety recommendations. The Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal and the local government that identified the subdivision, shall develop recommendations to improve the subdivision’s fire safety. The Board shall provide the final recommendations to the local government that identified the subdivision and to the residents of the subdivision.

  • CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text


    Division 1.5
    Section|Title 19,
    Division 1
    Section|Gov Code
    Section|PRC
    Section|HSC
    Section| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |Section|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title|Title| |Chapter 4|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements| |403.2.5|Address installation,
    location, and visibility|Y||||1274.04(a)
    1274.04(b)
    1274.04(c)
    1274.04(d)
    1274.04(e)
    1274.04(f)||||| |404|Water supply|Y||||1275.02||||| |404.1|General|Y|||507|1275.02(b)||||| |404.2|Required water supply|Y||||1275.02(c)||||| |404.3|Draft sites|Y||||||||| |404.3.1|Access|Y|||507.5.4|||||| |404.3.2|Pumper access points|Y|404.3.2|||||||| |404.4|Hydrants|Y|||507.5|||||| |404.5|Adequate water
    supply|Y|||507.3|1275.02(b)||||| |404.6|Reserved|N||||||||| |404.7|Obstructions|Y|||507.5.4|||||| |404.8|Identification|Y||||1275.04(a)||||| |404.9|Testing and
    maintenance|Y|||507.5.2|||||| |404.10|Reliability|Y|||507.5.2|||||| |404.10.1|Objective|Y|404.10.1|||||||| |404.10.2|Clearance of fuel|Y|||4907.1|||||| |404.10.3|Standby power|Y|||507.5.2|||||| |Chapter 5|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations|Special building construction regulations| |501|General|Y||701A||||||| |501.1|Scope|Y||701A.3||||||| |501.2|Objective|Y||701A.2||||||| |501.3|Fire-resistance-rated
    construction|Y||703.2.1.5||||||| |501.4|Noncombustibility
    tests|Y||703.3||||||| |501.4.1|Noncombustible
    materials|Y||703.3.

  • CWUIC § 610.2 Medium relevance — show source text

    610.2 Subdivision map findings. Pursuant to Government Code (GC), Section 66474.02, before approving a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not required, for an area located in an SRA or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as both are defined in GC Section 51177, a legislative body of a county, except as provided in GC Section 66474.02(c), shall make findings regarding compliance with the SRA Fire Safe Regulations and the availability of structural fire protection and suppression services. These findings and accompanying map shall be transmitted to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and comply with the requirements in Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 1.

    SECTION 611—SUBDIVISION REVIEW SURVEY

    611.1 Subdivision identification. Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 4290.5 and Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 1, Article 2, the Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal, shall survey local governments to identify existing subdivi- sions, as defined in Article 2, located in an SRA area or an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone without a secondary egress route that is at significant fire risk.

    611.2 Fire safety recommendations. The Board, in consultation with the Office of the State Fire Marshal and the local government that identified the subdivision, shall develop recommendations to improve the subdivision’s fire safety. The Board shall provide the final recommendations to the local government that identified the subdivision and to the residents of the subdivision.

    611.3 Implementation. The Board shall maintain a list of the subdivisions identified and the status of the implementation of the recom- mendations provided.

    611.4 Re-survey. Beginning July 1, 2021, the Board shall conduct this survey every 5 years.

    SECTION 612—GENERAL PLAN SAFETY ELEMENT

    612.1 General. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302(g)(3), the safety element of a city or county’s General Plan shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to address the risk of fire for land classified as SRA, as defined in Section 4102 of the Public Resources Code, and land classified as an LRA Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, as defined in Section 51177.

    612.2 Submission to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and local fire agencies. Pursuant to Government Code Section 65302.5(b)(1), the draft element of, or draft amendment to, the safety element of a county or a city’s general plan shall be submitted to the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and to every local agency that provides fire protection to territory in the city or county at least 90 days prior to either of the following: the adoption or amendment to the safety element of its general plan for each county that contains state responsibility areas; or the adoption or amendment to the safety element of its general plan for each city or county that contains a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone as defined pursuant to subdivision (i) of Section 51177.

  • CWUIC § 1.9.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    Building Code), Chapter 1, Section 1.9.1 regulated by the Division of the State Architect Access Compliance shall comply with Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 11A or 11B, as applicable under authority cited by CA Government Code Section 4450 and in reference cited by CA Government Code Sections 4450 through 4461, 12955.1(c), and CA Health and Safety Code Sections 18949.1, 19952 through 19959.

    1.9.1.1 Adopting agency identification. Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance amendments in this code appear preceded with the acronym [DSA-AC].

    1.9.2 Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety.

    1.9.2.1 DSA-SS Division of the State Architect-Structural Safety.

    Application— Public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential services buildings.

    Enforcing agency— The Division of the State Architect—Structural Safety [DSA-SS] has been delegated the responsibility and authority by the Department of General Services to review and approve the design and observe the construction of public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential services buildings.

    Authority cited— Education Code Section 17310 and 81142 and Health and Safety Code Section 16022.

    Reference— Education Code Sections 17280 through 17317, and 81130 through 81147 and Health and Safety Code Sections 16000 through 16023.

    1.9.2.1.1 Applicable administrative standards.

    1. Title 24, Part 1, California Code of Regulations: 1.1. Sections 4-301 through 4-355, Group 1, and Sections 4-401 through 4-435, Group 2, Chapter 4, for public elementary and secondary schools and community colleges. 1.2. Sections 4-201 through 4-249, Chapter 4, for state-owned or state-leased essential services buildings. 2. Title 24, Part 2, California Code of Regulations: [applies to public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential services building(s)]: 2.1. Sections 1.1 and 1.9.2.1 of Chapter 1, Division I. 2.2. Sections 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4, 102.5, 106.1, 107.2.5 and 110.3.6 of Chapter 1, Division II. 3 . Title 24, Part 10, California Code of Regulations: [applies to public elementary and secondary schools, community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential services building(s)]: 3.1. Sections 1.1 and 1.9.2.1 of Chapter 1, Division I. 3.2. Sections 101.7, 106.2.5 and 109.3.6 of Chapter 1, Division II.

  • CWUIC § 1607.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    STRUCTURAL DESIGN

    SECTION 1607—LIVE LOADS

    1607.1 General. Buildings, structures, and parts thereof shall be designed to resist the effects of live loads.

    TABLE 1607.1—MINIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LIVE LOADS, L, AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATED LIVE LOADS
    0
    Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6
    OCCUPANCY OR USE OCCUPANCY OR USE OCCUPANCY OR USE UNIFORM
    (psf)
    CONCENTRATE
    D (pounds)
    ALSO SEE
    SECTION
    1. Apartments (see residential) Apartments (see residential)
    2. Access floor systems Office use 50 2,000
    2. Access floor systems Computer use 100 2,000
    3. Armories and drill rooms Armories and drill rooms 150a
    4. Assembly areas Fixed seats (fastened to floor) 60a
    4. Assembly areas Lobbies 100a
    4. Assembly areas Movable seats 100a
    4. Assembly areas Stage floors 150a
    4. Assembly areas Platforms (assembly) 100a
    4. Assembly areas Bleachers, folding and telescopic seat-
    ing and grandstands
    100a (See Section 1607.18)
    4. Assembly areas Stadiums and arenas with fixed seats
    (fastened to the floor)
    60a (See Section 1607.18)
    4. Assembly areas Other assembly areas 100a
    5. Balconies and decks Balconies and decks 1.5 times the live load for the area
    served, not required to exceed 100
    6. Catwalks for maintenance and service access Catwalks for maintenance and service access 40 300
    7. Cornices Cornices 60
    8. Corridors First floor 100
    8. Corridors Other floors Same as occupancy
    served except as indicated
    Same as occupancy
    served except as indicated
    Same as occupancy
    served except as indicated
    9. Dining rooms and restaurants Dining rooms and restaurants 100a
    10. Dwellings (see residential) Dwellings (see residential)
    11. Elevator machine room and control room grating
    (on area of 2 inches by 2 inches)
    Elevator machine room and control room grating
    (on area of 2 inches by 2 inches)
    300
    12. Finish light floor plate construction (on area of 1 inch by 1 inch) Finish light floor plate construction (on area of 1 inch by 1 inch) 200
    13. Fire escapes Fire escapes 100
    13. On single-family dwellings only 40 40 40
    14. Fixed ladders Fixed ladders See Section 1607.10 See Section 1607.10
    15.
  • CWUIC § 1011.5.5.1 Medium relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1011.5.5.1 Nosing projection size. The nosings shall project not more than 1 [1] / 4 inches (32 mm) beyond the tread below.

    Exception: When solid risers are not required, the nosing projection is permitted to exceed the maximum projection.

    [BE] 1011.5.5.2 Nosing projection uniformity. Nosing projections shall be of uniform size, including the projections of the nosings of the floor or landing at the top of a flight.

    [BE] 1011.5.5.3 Solid risers. Risers shall be solid.

    Exceptions:

    1. Solid risers are not required for stairways that are not required to comply with Section 1009.3, provided that the opening between treads does not permit the passage of a sphere with a diameter of 4 inches (102 mm).
    2. Solid risers are not required for occupancies in Group I-3 or in Group F, H and S occupancies other than areas accessible to the public. The size of the opening in the riser is not restricted.
    3. Solid risers are not required for spiral stairways constructed in accordance with Section 1011.10.

    [BE] 1011.6 Stairway landings. There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings, measured perpendicularly to the direction of travel, shall be not less than the width of stairways served. Every landing shall have a minimum depth, measured parallel to the direction of travel, equal to the width of the stairway or 48 inches (1219 mm), whichever is less. Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half the required width. When fully open, the door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into the required width of a landing. Where wheelchair spaces are required on the stairway landing in accordance with Section 1009.6.3, the wheelchair space shall not be located in the required width of the landing and doors shall not swing over the wheelchair spaces.

    Exceptions:

    1. Where stairways connect stepped aisles to cross aisles or concourses, stairway landings are not required at the transition between stairways and stepped aisles constructed in accordance with Section 1030.
    2. Where curved stairways of constant radius have intermediate landings, the landing depth shall be measured horizontally between the intersection of the walkline of the lower flight at the landing nosing and the intersection of the walkline of the upper flight at the nosing of the lowest tread of the upper flight.
    3. Where a landing turns 90 degrees (1.57 rad) or more, the minimum landing depth in accordance with this section shall not be required where the landing provided is not less than that described by an arc with a radius equal to the width of the flight served. 4. In Group R-3 occupancies, a floor or landing is not required at the top of an interior flight of stairs, including stairs in an enclosed garage, provided a door does not swing over the stairs.

    [BE] 1011.7 Stairway construction. Stairways shall be built of materials consistent with the types permitted for the type of construction of the building.

    Exceptions:

    1. Wood handrails shall be permitted in all types of construction.
    2. Interior exit stairway in accordance with Section 510.2 of the California Building Code .
  • CWUIC § 4-1 Medium relevance — show source text

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    4 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA REQUIREMENTS

    User notes:

    About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements that apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:

    1. Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.

    2. Premises identification.

    3. Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.

    4. Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.

    5. Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.

    SECTION 401—GENERAL

    401.1 Scope. Wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with emergency vehicle access and water supply in accordance with this chapter.

    401.2 Objective. The objective of this chapter is to establish the minimum requirements for emergency vehicle access and water supply for buildings and structures located in the wildland-urban interface areas.

    401.3 General safety precautions. General safety precautions shall be in accordance with this chapter. See also Appendix A.

    SECTION 402—APPLICABILITY

    402.1 Subdivisions. Subdivisions shall comply with Sections 402.1.1 and 402.1.2.

    402.1.1 Access. New subdivisions, as determined by this jurisdiction, shall be provided with fire apparatus access roads in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 2; and access requirements in accordance with Section 403.

    402.1.2 Water supply. New subdivisions as determined by this jurisdiction shall be provided with water supply in accordance with Section 507 of the California Fire Code; California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; and Section 404.

    402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval. Water supply requirements shall apply in the tentative and parcel map process when new parcels are approved by the local jurisdiction.

    402.2 Individual structures. Individual structures shall comply with Sections 402.2.1 and 402.2.2.

    402.2.1 Access. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire apparatus access in accordance with the California Fire Code; the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Subsection 1273; and Section 403 .

    402.2.2 Water supply. Individual structures hereafter constructed or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with a conforming water supply in accordance with the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Article 4; California Fire Code Section 507; and Section 404.

  • CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text

    The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.

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    1 ADMINISTRATION

    DIVISION I

    CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION

    SECTION 1.1—GENERAL

    1.1.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code, may be cited as such, and will be referred to herein as “this code.” The California Wildland-Urban Interface Code is Part 7 of thirteen parts of the official compilation and publica- tion of the adoptions, amendment, and repeal of building regulations to the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, also referred to as the California Building Standards Code. This part incorporates by adoption of the 2024 International Wildland-Urban Interface Code of the International Code Council (ICC) with necessary California amendments.

    1.1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to establish minimum requirements to reduce the likelihood of life and property loss due to a wildfire through the use of performance and prescriptive requirements for construction and development in all Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas (SRA), and Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) designated as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, and increase the ability of buildings located in any Fire Hazard Severity Zone within State Responsibility Areas (SRA), or Wildland-Urban Inter- face (WUI) Areas, to resist the intrusion of flames or burning embers projected by a vegetation fire and contributes to a systematic reduction in conflagration losses and reduce the likelihood of life and property loss due to a wildfire.

    1.1.3 Scope. The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, enlargement, replacement, repair, equip- ment, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such building structures throughout the State of California.

    This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to buildings, structures, processes, premises, and a reasonable degree of life and property safeguards regarding: 1. The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling, or use of structures, materials, or devices. 2. Conditions hazardous to life, property, or public welfare in the use or occupancy of buildings, structures, or premises. 3. Fire hazards in the buildings, structures, orp on-premises from use of, occupancy of, or operation. 4. Matters related to the construction, extension, repair, alteration, or removal of fire suppression or alarm systems. 5. Conditions affecting the safety of firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.

  • CWUIC § 1-2 Medium relevance — show source text
    CHAPTER TOPICS Col2
    CHAPTER SUBJECT
    1-2 Administration and Definitions
    3-4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designation and Requirements
    5 Building Construction Regulations
    6 Fire Protection Requirements
    7 Referenced Standards
    Appendices A-I Adoptable and Informational Appendices

    Chapter 1 Scope and Administration.

    Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.

    Chapter 2 Definitions.

    Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of the code. The user of the code should be familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.

    Chapter 3 Wildland-Urban Interface Areas.

    Chapter 3 provides for the fundamental aspect of applying the code—the legal declaration and establishment of wildland-urban interface areas within the adopting jurisdiction, mapping of the area, periodic review and updates.

    Chapter 4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Requirements.

    The requirements of Chapter 4 apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:

    1. Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.

    2. Premises identification.

    3. Key boxes to provide ready access to properties secured by gated roadways or other impediments to rapid fire service access.

    4. Fire protection water supplies, including adequate water sources, pumper apparatus drafting sites, fire hydrant systems and system reliability.

    5. Fire department access to equipment such as fire suppression equipment and fire hydrants.

    Chapter 5 Special Building Construction Regulations.

    The regulations in Chapter 5 establish minimum standards for the location, design and construction of buildings and structures based on construction within a Fire Hazard Severity Zone or a Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Area.

    The construction provisions of Chapter 5 are intended to supplement the requirements of the California Building Code and Califor- nia Residential Code and address mitigation of the unique hazards posed to buildings by wildfire and to reduce the hazards of building fires spreading to wildland fuels. This is accomplished by requiring ignition-resistant construction materials.

    Chapter 6 Fire Protection Requirements.

    Chapter 6 contains additional requirements for development and construction in Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) designated as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones and areas designated by the State Fire Marshal as State Responsibility Areas (SRA). While many of these provisions are found in Title 14 and Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations, they are replicated here for the code user. The local jurisdiction has the authority to apply the same regulations to LRA when the regulations are adopted by local ordinance.

    The requirements in this chapter reference the process for adoption of Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the LRA; criteria for evaluating existing subdivisions that are at significant fire risk and are without an adequate secondary egress; and criteria for fire safety provisions required in the Safety Element of a city or county General Plan.

    2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE xi

    on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  • CWUIC § 503.7 Medium relevance — show source text

    (4) Section E 503.7, “Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables.” [ASHRAE 90.1:6.2.1]

    E 503.2.2 Additional Requirements. Mechanical equipment and systems shall comply with one of the following:

    (1) Section E 503.3, “Simplified Approach Building Compliance Path for HVAC Systems”

    Exception: When compliance is shown using Section E 503.2.2(1), compliance with Section E 503.4 is not required.

    (2) Section E 503.5, “Prescriptive Compliance Path”

    Exception: HVAC systems only serving the heating, cooling, or ventilating needs of a computer room with IT equipment load greater than 10 kW (34 000 Btu/h) shall be permitted to comply with Section E 503.4, “Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements” and Section E

    503.8, “Alternative Compliance Path, Computer Room Systems.” [ASHRAE 90.1:6.2.2] E 503.3 Simplified Approach Building Compliance Path for HVAC Systems. The simplified approach shall be an optional path for compliance where the following conditions are met:

    (1) The building is not more than two stories in height. (2) Gross floor area is less than 25 000 square feet (2322.6 m [2] ).

    (3) The HVAC system in the building is in accordance with the requirements listed in Section E 503.3.1. [ASHRAE 90.1:6.3.1] E 503.3.1 Criteria. The HVAC system shall comply with all of the following criteria:

    (1) The system serves a single HVAC zone.

    (2) The equipment shall comply with the variable flow requirements of Section E 503.5.6.2.

    (3) Cooling (where any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split-system air conditioner that is either air-cooled or evaporatively cooled, with efficiency that is in accordance with the requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(1) for air conditioners, Table E 503.7.1(2) for heat pumps, or Table E 503.7.1(4) for packaged terminal and room air conditioners and heat pumps for the applicable equipment category.

    (4) The system shall have an air economizer in accordance with Section E 503.5 and Section E 503.4.6.13.

    (5) Heating (where any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split-system heat pump that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(2) for heat pumps or Table E 503.7.1(4) for packaged terminal and room air conditioners and heat pumps, a fuel-fired furnace that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(5) for furnaces, duct furnaces, and unit heaters, an electric resistance heater, or a baseboard system connected to a boiler that is in accordance with the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table E 503.7.1(6) for boilers.

    (6) The system shall comply with the exhaust air energy recovery requirements in accordance with Section E 503.5.10.1.2.

    (7) The system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.

  • CWUIC § 1011.11 Medium relevance — show source text

    [BE] 1011.11 Handrails. Flights of stairways shall have handrails on each side and shall comply with Section 1014. Where glass is used to provide the handrail, the handrail shall comply with Section 2407 of the California Building Code .

    [DSA-AC] For applications listed in Section 1.9.1 regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, see Chapter 11B, of the California Building Code.

    Exceptions:

    1. Flights of stairways within dwelling units, and flights of spiral stairways are permitted to have a handrail on one side only.

    2. Decks, patios and walkways that have a single change in elevation where the landing depth on each side of the change of elevation is greater than what is required for a landing do not require handrails.

    3. [SFM] In Group R-3 occupancies, a continuous run of treads or flight of stairs with less than four risers does not require handrails.

    4. Changes in room elevations of three or fewer risers within dwelling units and sleeping units in Group R-2 and R-3 do not require handrails.

    5. Where a platform lift is in a stationary position and the floor of the platform lift serves as the upper landing of a stairway, handrails shall not be required on the stairway, provided that all of the following criteria are met: 5.1. The stairway contains not more than two risers. 5.2. A handhold, positioned horizontally or vertically, is located on one side of the stairway adjacent to the top landing. 5.3. The handhold is located not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 42 inches (1067 mm) above the bottom landing of the stairway. 5.4. The handhold gripping surface complies with Section 1014.4 and is not less than 4.5 inches (114 mm) in length.

    [BE] 1011.12 Stairway to roof. In buildings four or more stories above grade plane, one stairway shall extend to the roof surface, unless the roof has a slope steeper than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope).

    Exception: Other than where required by Section 1011.12.1, in buildings without an occupiable roof, access to the roof from the top story shall be permitted to be by an alternating tread device, a ship’s ladder or a permanent ladder.

    [BE] 1011.12.1 Stairway to elevator equipment. Roofs and penthouses containing elevator equipment that must be accessed for maintenance are required to be accessed by a stairway.

    [BE] 1011.12.2 Roof access. Where a stairway is provided to a roof, access to the roof shall be provided through a penthouse complying with Section 1511.2 of the California Building Code .

    Exception: In buildings without an occupiable roof, access to the roof shall be permitted to be a roof hatch or trap door not less than 16 square feet (1.5 m [2] ) in area and having a minimum dimension of 2 feet (610 mm).

Frequently asked questions

Does § 610.1 itself contain the Title 14 SRA rules?

No. § 610.1 references the Title 14 SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations and tells you when they apply; the substantive SRA rules are in CCR Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2. The CWUIC includes reprinted Title 14 provisions for convenience, but Title 14 is the source of the SRA rules.

If my parcel is in an LRA VHFSZ designated before July 1, 2021, do the Title 14 rules apply?

Per § 610.1, the specific LRA trigger in the CWUIC calls out LRA VHFSZ as defined in GC §51177 and effective after July 1, 2021; verify the effective designation date and the CWUIC language to determine applicability.

Where does the CWUIC tell me to make subdivision findings about SRA/Title 14 compliance?

See § 610.2—before approving a tentative map (or certain parcel maps) in an SRA or LRA VHFSZ, a county legislative body must make findings about compliance and transmit maps to the Board per GC §66474.02 and Title 14 Subchapter 1.

Are the Title 14 sections in CWUIC authoritative law?

The CWUIC includes reprinted Title 14 provisions for user convenience and marks them with bracketed Title 14 references. The authoritative regulatory text for SRA Fire Safe Development Regulations is CCR Title 14; CWUIC indicates these reprints are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables because the State Fire Marshal does not adopt them via CWUIC.

I need the exact text of a specific Title 14 section cited in CWUIC. Where should I look?

Consult the CCR (California Code of Regulations), Title 14, Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter and Article referenced by § 610.1 (and by the bracketed citations in the CWUIC). The CWUIC reproduces some Title 14 text for convenience but use the CCR Title 14 for authoritative language.

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