CWUIC · California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
What are the code official's general powers, authority to grant modifications and accept alternatives
Summary: The code official enforces the CWUIC, issues permits, and may approve alternative materials or methods only if they meet specific equivalency criteria (quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, non‑fire safety and fire safety) and are backed by appropriate tests and reports; modifications are allowed only for individual cases where strict compliance is impractical and safety is preserved (see **§ 104.2.2**, **§ 104.2.3**, **§ 104.3**) .
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The code official has the authority to enforce the CWUIC, receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect, and enforce compliance (§ 104.3). The code official also decides whether a proposed alternative material, design or method is acceptable (§ 104.2.2) and may grant modifications for individual cases where strict compliance is impractical, provided the modification meets the code’s intent and does not lessen health, life or fire safety (§ 104.2.3) .
The code official may approve alternatives or grant case‑by‑case modifications, but only when the proposed solution meets the code’s intent and is shown to be equivalent in the specific dimensions the code lists (quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety and fire safety). — CWUIC plain‑English restatement (see § 104.2.2 and § 104.2.3)
Requirements in detail
1) Scope of the code official’s core powers (what they may do)
- Enforce the code and determine compliance; adopt interpretations, policies and procedures to clarify application (but those cannot waive explicit code requirements) — § 104.1 / § 104.2 .
- Receive applications, review construction documents, issue permits, inspect permitted premises, and enforce compliance — § 104.3 .
- Issue notices and orders to secure compliance — § 104.6 .
2) Approval of alternative materials, designs or methods — what the code requires
- An alternative must be submitted in writing when required; the code official must find it satisfactory and that it complies with the listed requirements in § 104.2.2 (approval authority, application, intent, equivalency criteria, tests, reports, peer review) .
- The code identifies the equivalency dimensions that the alternative must match or exceed: quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety (other than fire safety), and fire safety — § 104.2.2.4 .
- Tests to demonstrate equivalency must be of sufficient scale to predict the end‑use performance; fire tests must likewise be scaled to predict end‑use fire performance — § 104.2.2.5 / 104.2.2.5.1 .
- Supporting documentation: evaluation reports from approved agencies or other technical reports prepared by qualified engineers/specialists are required; the code official may require submittals to be prepared and stamped by a registered design professional — § 104.2.2.6 / 104.2.2.6.2 / 104.2.2.6.1 .
- The code official may require a peer review prepared by a peer reviewer approved by the code official — § 104.2.2.7 .
3) Granting modifications — the limited, case‑by‑case authority
- Modifications are available only where practical difficulties make strict compliance impractical; the code official must find special individual reasons for the case, that the modification conforms to the code’s intent/purpose, and that it does not lessen health, life or fire safety — § 104.2.3. Requests and the official action must be recorded in the enforcement agency files .
Decision‑relevant dimensions (at a glance)
| Decision dimension | Typical values / what the official looks for | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Approval authority (who decides) | Code official must find proposed alternative satisfactory | § 104.2.2.1 |
| Written application | Request submitted in writing when required; written denial must state reasons | § 104.2.2.2 |
| Compliance with intent | Alternative must meet the intent/purpose of the provision | § 104.2.2.3 |
| Equivalency criteria (6 items) | Quality, Strength, Effectiveness, Durability, Safety (non‑fire), Fire safety | § 104.2.2.4 |
| Tests required | Scaled tests sufficient to predict end‑use performance; fire tests scaled for end‑use | § 104.2.2.5 / 104.2.2.5.1 |
| Reports & evaluation | Either an evaluation report from an approved agency or a qualified‑engineer report; code official may require stamp of registered design professional | § 104.2.2.6 / 104.2.2.6.1 / 104.2.2.6.2 |
| Peer review | Code official may require peer review prepared by an approved peer reviewer | § 104.2.2.7 |
| Modification trigger | Practical difficulties; special individual reasons; must not lessen safety | § 104.2.3 |
| Permitting, inspection, enforcement | Code official issues permits, inspects, and enforces the code | § 104.3 |
4) Practical sub‑requirements and limits
- The code official’s interpretive policies must be consistent with the code’s intent and cannot waive requirements that are explicitly stated in the code — § 104.2 .
- Where the alternative is not approved the code official must respond in writing, stating reasons — § 104.2.2.2 .
- The code official can require tests, reports, stamped design submittals, and peer reviews as a condition of approval — § 104.2.1 / § 104.2.2.5 / § 104.2.2.6 / § 104.2.2.7 .
Exceptions & special cases
- The retrieved CWUIC text requires alternatives to meet the equivalency and documentation criteria but the CWUIC excerpts returned do not show a CWUIC‑specific, explicit performance‑based exception (for example, an express reference to the ICC Performance Code) in § 104.2.2. If a jurisdiction or another California code references a performance‑based pathway, that comes from those other codes, not the CWUIC text located here — see § 104.2.2 for CWUIC requirements and note the absence of an explicit CWUIC performance exception in the retrieved material .
- The code official’s authority to require peer review, registered professional stamps, and tests is broad — those requirements are discretionary and may be applied on a case‑by‑case basis (see § 104.2.2.6, § 104.2.2.7) .
- Modifications are explicitly case‑specific (individual cases only) and must be recorded — they are not blanket waivers for entire classes of buildings or repetitive projects (§ 104.2.3) .
Common mistakes
- Assuming the code official can waive mandatory code provisions. The code official may interpret and adopt policies, but those interpretations "shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code" (§ 104.2) .
- Treating a modification as a substitute for proper documentation. A modification requires findings showing practicality and preservation of safety and must be recorded — it’s not a paperwork shortcut (§ 104.2.3) .
- Submitting inadequate proof of equivalency. The code requires equivalency across six dimensions (quality, strength, effectiveness, durability, safety other than fire, and fire safety) and scaled tests/reports; incomplete test scale or missing peer review can be a reason for denial (§ 104.2.2.4 – .7) .
- Confusing documentation types: an evaluation report must be from an approved agency; "other reports" must describe criteria and be prepared by qualified parties acceptable to the code official — don’t substitute one for the other without approval (§ 104.2.2.6 / 104.2.2.6.1 / 104.2.2.6.2) .
Worked example — concrete scenario with numbers (non‑structural rooftop product)
Situation: A homeowner in a WUI area wants to replace an existing wood shake roof with a new proprietary composite roofing system not explicitly listed in the CWUIC.
Steps the applicant should expect (numbers callouts reference code items/requirements):
Submit a written request to the code official for approval of the alternative material, design or method (required by § 104.2.2.2). Include at least:
- An evaluation report from an approved agency OR a technical report prepared and stamped by a registered design professional (1 report of either type) — § 104.2.2.6 / 104.2.2.6.1 / .6.2 .
- Scaled fire test evidence sufficient to predict end‑use performance (1 or more test reports; tests performed by a party acceptable to the code official) — § 104.2.2.5.1 .
- Data demonstrating equivalency across the 6 equivalency criteria (address each: quality; strength; effectiveness; durability; safety other than fire; fire safety) — § 104.2.2.4 .
Anticipate the code official may require:
- A peer review by an approved peer reviewer (1 peer review) — § 104.2.2.7 .
- That the submittal be prepared and stamped by a registered design professional (1 stamp) — § 104.2.2.6.2 .
Possible outcomes:
- Approval in writing (permit issued under § 104.3) if the code official finds the product satisfactory and equivalent on all six criteria — § 104.2.2.1 / § 104.3 .
- Denial in writing stating reasons if evidence is insufficient (§ 104.2.2.2) — § 104.2.2.2 .
- If strict compliance is impractical (e.g., historic building constraints) the homeowner could alternatively request a modification for that individual case, but the code official must find special individual reasons and that safety will not be reduced; the request and the action must be recorded — § 104.2.3 .
Note: The example uses "1" to show the minimal number of distinct required documents (evaluation report OR technical report; possibly peer review). The code does not specify a fixed number of tests or pages — it requires that tests/reports be sufficient in scale, scope and prepared by acceptable parties (see § 104.2.2.5 – .7) .
Related provisions
- § 104.1 — Powers and duties of the code official (general enforcement authority) .
- § 104.2 — Determination of compliance; interpretive authority and limits (policies cannot waive explicit requirements) .
- § 104.2.1 — Technical assistance and ability to require technical opinions/reports; preparer qualifications (registered design professional) .
- § 104.2.2.4 – .7 — Equivalency criteria; tests; reports; peer review (detailed documentation requirements for alternatives) .
- § 104.3 — Applications and permits; inspection and enforcement authority of the code official .
- § 104.4 — Right of entry for inspections (if enforcement or inspection is needed) .
- § 104.6 — Notices and orders for compliance enforcement .
- Chapter 112 — Appeals procedures (if applicant disagrees with the code official’s decision; see Appendix I for board of appeals rules) .
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Wildland-Urban Interface Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CWUIC § 5.2 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] I101.5.2 Quorum. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum.
[A] I101.5.3 Postponed hearing. When five members are not present to hear an appeal, either the appellant or the appellant’s representative shall have the right to request a postponement of the hearing.
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APPENDIX I—BOARD OF APPEALS
[A] I101.6 Legal counsel. The jurisdiction shall furnish legal counsel to the board to provide members with general legal advice concerning matters before them for consideration. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the jurisdiction’s expense in all matters arising from service within the scope of their duties.
[A] I101.7 Board decision. The board shall only modify or reverse the decision of the code official by a concurring vote of three or more members.
[A] I101.7.1 Resolution. The decision of the board shall be by resolution. Every decision shall be promptly filed in writing in the office of the code official within three days and shall be open to the public for inspection. A certified copy shall be furnished to the appellant or the appellant’s representative and to the code official.
[A] I101.7.2 Administration. The code official shall take immediate action in accordance with the decision of the board.
[A] I101.8 Court review. Any person, whether or not a previous party of the appeal, shall have the right to apply to the appropriate court for a writ of certiorari to correct errors of law. Application for review shall be made in the manner and time required by law following the filing of the decision in the office of the chief administrative officer.
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Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7
Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1
Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures
Defined 202
Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5
Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2
Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104
Building 202 Building Official 202
Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4
Temporary occupancy 111.3
Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106
Amended 106.10
CWUIC § 1-4 Medium relevance — show source text
1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.12 Board of Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official . . . . . . . . . 1-17
105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21
108 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
109 Inspection and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
110 Certificate of Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
111 Service Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
112 Means of Appeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
113 Stop Work Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
202 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
CHAPTER 3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS . . . . 3-3
CWUIC § 403.2 Medium relevance — show source text
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Access Applicability 402 Driveways 403.2 Fire apparatus access roads 403.3 Grade 403.7
Individual structures 402.2 Marking of roads 402.3, 403.4 Restricted 403.1
Subdivisions 402.1 Accessory Buildings and Miscellaneous Structures
Defined 202
Detached 504.11 Exempt from permit 105.3 Additions or Alterations 101.5
Address Markers 402.3 Agriculture 202 Alternative Materials or Methods 104.2.2
Appeals 112 Appendices 101.2.1 Applicable Building 202 Applicability 102 Approved 202 Approved Agency 104.2.2.6.1, 202 Authority of Code Official 104
Building 202 Building Official 202
Certificate of Completion 111 Certificate of occupancy 111.2 Revocation 111.4
Temporary occupancy 111.3
Code Official 202 Code Official, Authority 104 Community Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Hazard Evaluation Framework Appendix C Compliance Alternatives 105 Construction Documents 106
Amended 106.10
Examination of 106.9 Information on plans and specifications 106.2 Phased 106.12
Previous approval 106.11 Retention of 106.8 Site plan 106.3 Vegetation management plans 106.4 Control of Storage Appendix A, A105 Critical Fire Weather 202
Dead-end Road 202 Defensible Space 403, 601.3 Vegetation Plan 603 Definitions 202 Designation of Wildland-Urban Interface Area 302.1
Director 202 Driveway 202 Dumping Appendix A, A106 Dwelling 202
Exterior Covering 202
INDEX
Fees 109 Findings of Fact Appendix E Fire Chief 202 Fire Danger Rating System Appendix D Fire Flow Calculation Area Application 404.5 Defined 202 Fire Hazard Severity Zones 1.1.2, 202, 302.1, 302.2, Appendix D, Appendix H Fire Protection Plans 602
Fire Weather 202
Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 501.3 Fire-Resistive Vegetation Appendix F Fire-Retardant-Treated Lumber or
Wood 503.2, 504.5, 504.7, 504.11 Flame Spread Index 202 Flashing 504.2.1, 504.5.1 Fuel Break 202, 609 Fuel Models Appendix D Fuel Modification 202
Fuel Modification Distance 603.2
Fuel Mosaic 202 Fuel-Loading 202
General Requirements Appendix A Green Belt 202
Greenways 202
CWUIC § 1-3 Medium relevance — show source text
Appendix G Voluntary Home-Hardening Recommendations.
Appendix G is an informational appendix that provides discussion of some elements of the proposed self-defense mechanisms and their role in enhancing the protection of exposed structures in the wildland-urban interface. The items provided in this appendix provide owners with suggestions for increasing the survivability of their structure. These items are not mandatory but can be considered by owners to increase the safety of structures.
Appendix H Referenced California Documents.
Appendix H contains portions of California statutes and regulations located in other documents. They are reprinted in Appendix H to aid the user in understanding the requirements applicable to wildland-urban interface areas and to provide a background for the provi- sions. Much of the text in the CWUIC is based on the requirements found in these other documents.
Appendix I Board of Appeals.
Appendix I contains the provisions for appeal and the establishment of a board of appeals. The provisions include the application for an appeal, the makeup of the board of appeals and the conduct of the appeal process.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
DIVISION I CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATION
1.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.11 Office of the State Fire Marshal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.12 Board of Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
PART 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
101 Scope and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
102 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
103 Code Compliance Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official . . . . . . . . . 1-17
105 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
106 Construction Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
107 Temporary Uses, Equipment and Systems . . . . . . 1-21
CWUIC § 1-2 Medium relevance — show source text
Population growth and the expanding urban development into traditionally nonurban areas have increasingly brought humans into contact with wildfires. According to the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA), every year, wildfires burn across the United States and a growing number of people are living where wildfires are a real risk. In 2018 more than 58,000 fires burned nearly 9 million acres across the US. More than 25,000 structures were destroyed, including 18,137 residences and 229 commercial structures. California accounted for the highest number of structures lost in one state due to the number of significant fires, including the Mendocino Complex, Carr, Camp and Woolsey fires.
The IWUIC is a model code that is intended to be adopted and used supplemental to the adopted building and fire codes of a jurisdiction. The unrestricted use of property in wildland-urban interface areas is a potential threat to life and property from fire and resulting erosion. The IWUIC has as its objective the establishment of minimum special regulations for the safeguarding of life and
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property from the intrusion of fire from wildland fire exposures and fire exposures from adjacent structures and to prevent structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels, even in the absence of fire department intervention.
Safeguards to prevent the occurrence of fires and to provide adequate fire protection facilities to control the spread of fire in wildland-urban interface areas are provided in a tiered manner commensurate with the relative level of hazard present.
ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT OF THE 2025 CWUIC
The format of the CWUIC allows each chapter to be devoted to a particular subject. The following table shows how the CWUIC is divided. The chapter synopses detail the scope and intent of the provisions of the CWUIC.
CHAPTER TOPICS Col2 CHAPTER SUBJECT 1-2 Administration and Definitions 3-4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Designation and Requirements 5 Building Construction Regulations 6 Fire Protection Requirements 7 Referenced Standards Appendices A-I Adoptable and Informational Appendices Chapter 1 Scope and Administration.
Chapter 1 establishes the limits of applicability of the code and describes how the code is to be applied and enforced. The provisions of Chapter 1 establish the authority and duties of the code official appointed by the authority having jurisdiction and also establish the rights and privileges of the design professional, contractor and property owner.
Chapter 2 Definitions.
Chapter 2 is the repository of the definitions of terms used in the body of the code. The user of the code should be familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and because the user may not be aware that a term is defined.
Chapter 3 Wildland-Urban Interface Areas.
Chapter 3 provides for the fundamental aspect of applying the code—the legal declaration and establishment of wildland-urban interface areas within the adopting jurisdiction, mapping of the area, periodic review and updates.
Chapter 4 Wildland-Urban Interface Area Requirements.
The requirements of Chapter 4 apply to all occupancies in the wildland-urban interface and pertain to all of the following:
Fire service access to the property that is to be protected, including fire apparatus access roads and off-road driveways.
Premises identification.
CWUIC § 302.1 Medium relevance — show source text
SECTION 302—WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS
302.1 Mapping . The State Fire Marshal shall classify lands into Fire Hazard Severity Zones in accordance with California Public Resources Code, Sections 4201 through 4204 for State Responsibility Areas and in accordance with Government Code, Sections 51175 through 51189 for Local Responsibility Areas. The State Fire Marshal shall designate areas in the state as fire hazard severity zones and assign each zone based on the severity of fire hazard that is expected to prevail in those areas. Each fire hazard severity zone shall embrace relatively homogeneous lands, and the classification shall be based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather and other relevant factors including areas where winds have been identified by the Office of the State Fire Marshal as a major cause of wildfire spread and other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires.
302.2 Review of wildland-urban interface areas. The code official shall reevaluate and recommend modification to the wildlandurban interface areas in accordance with Section 302.1 on a 5-year basis or more frequently as deemed necessary by the legislative body. The State Fire Marshal shall periodically review the areas in the state identified as fire hazard severity zones and, as necessary, shall make recommendations relative to fire hazard severity zones. This review shall coincide with the review of state responsibility area lands every five years and, when possible, fall within the time frames for the county’s general plan update.
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CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 4 – WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA REQUIREMENTS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
CWUIC § 1.11. Medium relevance — show source text
- The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.
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A GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
User notes:
About this appendix: Appendix A, while not part of the code, can become part of the code when specifically included in the adopting ordinance. Its purpose is to provide fire protection measures supplemental to those found in Chapter 6 to reduce the threat of wildfire in a wildland-urban interface area and improve the capability for controlling such fires. This appendix includes detailed requirements for vegetation control; the code official’s authority to close wildland-interface areas in times of high fire danger; control of fires, fireworks usage and other sources of ignition; storage of hazardous materials and combustibles; bans on the dumping of waste materials and ashes and coals in wildland-urban interface areas; protection of pumps and water supplies; and limits on temporary uses within the wildland-urban interface area.
SECTION A101—GENERAL
A101.1 Scope. The provisions of this appendix establish general requirements applicable to new and existing properties located within wildland-urban interface areas .
A101.2 Objective. The objective of this appendix is to provide necessary fire protection measures to reduce the threat of wildfire in a wildland-urban interface area and improve the capability of controlling such fires.
SECTION A102—VEGETATION CONTROL
A102.1 General. Vegetation control shall comply with Sections A102.2 through A102.4.
A102.2 Clearance of brush or vegetative growth from roadways. The code official is authorized to require areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) on each side of portions of fire apparatus access roads and driveways to be cleared of nonfire-smart vegetation growth.
Exception: Single specimens of trees, ornamental vegetative fuels or cultivated ground cover, such as green grass, ivy, succulents or similar plants used as ground cover, provided they do not form a means of readily transmitting fire.
CWUIC § 1.5 Medium relevance — show source text
The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.
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3 WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREAS
User notes:
About this chapter: Chapter 3 provides for the fundamental aspect of applying the code—the legal declaration and establishment of wildlandurban interface areas within the adopting jurisdiction, mapping of the area, periodic review and updates.
SECTION 301—GENERAL
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter provide methodology to establish and record wildland-urban interface areas in accor- dance with California Public Resources Code (PRC) and California Government Code (GC).
301.2 Purpose . The purpose of this chapter is to classify lands in the state in accordance with the level of fire hazard present for the purpose of identifying measures that will retard the rate of spread and reduce the potential intensity of uncontrolled fires that threaten to destroy resources, life or property, and to require that those measures be taken.
SECTION 302—WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE AREA DESIGNATIONS
302.1 Mapping . The State Fire Marshal shall classify lands into Fire Hazard Severity Zones in accordance with California Public Resources Code, Sections 4201 through 4204 for State Responsibility Areas and in accordance with Government Code, Sections 51175 through 51189 for Local Responsibility Areas. The State Fire Marshal shall designate areas in the state as fire hazard severity zones and assign each zone based on the severity of fire hazard that is expected to prevail in those areas. Each fire hazard severity zone shall embrace relatively homogeneous lands, and the classification shall be based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather and other relevant factors including areas where winds have been identified by the Office of the State Fire Marshal as a major cause of wildfire spread and other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires.
302.2 Review of wildland-urban interface areas. The code official shall reevaluate and recommend modification to the wildlandurban interface areas in accordance with Section 302.1 on a 5-year basis or more frequently as deemed necessary by the legislative body. The State Fire Marshal shall periodically review the areas in the state identified as fire hazard severity zones and, as necessary, shall make recommendations relative to fire hazard severity zones. This review shall coincide with the review of state responsibility area lands every five years and, when possible, fall within the time frames for the county’s general plan update.
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CWUIC § 1.1 Medium relevance — show source text
Title 19,
Division 1]||||X||||||||||||||||||||| |Chapter/Section|||||||S|A|M|P|L|E||||||||||||| |Division 1||||||||||||||||||||||||| |1.1.1 - 1.11.2.1.1||X||||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §1.11]||||X||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §1.12]||||X||||||||||||||||||||| |1.11.2.1.2 - 1.11.2.2||X||||||||||||||||||||||| |[T-19 §1.08]||||X|||||||||||||||||||||*The C alifornia Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division 1 remains the same.
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MARGINAL MARKINGS
Symbols in the margin indicate the status of code changes as follows:
This symbol indicates that a change has been made to a California amendment.
�
This symbol indicates deletion of California amendment language.
This symbol indicates that a change has been made to International Code Council model language.
This symbol indicates deletion of International Code Council model language.
ABOUT THE I-CODES
The 2024 I-Codes, published by the ICC, are 15 fully compatible titles intended to establish provisions that adequately protect public health, safety and welfare; that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; that do not restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
The I-Codes are updated on a 3-year cycle to allow for new construction methods and technologies to be incorporated into the codes. Alternative materials, designs and methods not specifically addressed in the I-Code can be approved by the building official where the proposed materials, designs or methods comply with the intent of the provisions of the code.
The I-Codes are used as the basis of laws and regulations in communities across the US and in other countries. They are also used in a variety of nonregulatory settings, including:
Voluntary compliance programs.
The insurance industry.
Certification and credentialing for building design, construction and safety professionals.
Certification of building and construction-related products.
Facilities management.
“Best practices” benchmarks for designers and builders.
College, university and professional school textbooks and curricula.
Reference works related to building design and construction.
Code Development Process
The code development process regularly provides an international forum for building professionals to discuss requirements for building design, construction methods, safety, performance, technological advances and new products. Proposed changes to the I-Codes, submitted by code enforcement officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties are deliberated through an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.
CWUIC § 1.11. Medium relevance — show source text
APPENDIX F – CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE-SMART VEGETATION
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGT-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Adopt Entire Chapter Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)X Adopt only those sections that
are listed below[California Code of Regulations,
Title 19, Division 1]Chapter / Section F101.1 X - The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 19, Division 1 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 19, Division 1 text for the code user’s convenience only. The scope, applicability and appeals procedures of CCR, Title 19, Division I remain the same. The state agency does not adopt sections identified by the following symbol: The Office of the State Fire Marshal’s adoption of this chapter or individual sections is applicable to structures regulated by other state agencies pursuant to Section 1.11.
The California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, Division 1.5 provisions that are found in the California Wildland-Urban Interface Code are not listed in the Matrix Adoption Tables as they are not within the State Fire Marshal’s authority to adopt. These provisions are a reprint from the current CCR, Title 14, Division 1.5 text for the code user’s convenience only and are identified in the body of the code by square brackets containing references to applicable Title 14 sections.
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APPENDIX F-2 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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F CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE-SMART VEGETATION
This appendix is for informational purposes and is not intended for adoption.
User notes:
CWUIC § 302.1 Medium relevance — show source text
2|Purpose|Y|||||||51176|4201| |302|Wildland-Urban
Interface Area
Designations|Y||||||||| |302.1|Mapping|Y|||4904.2||||51178|4202
4203(a)
4204| |302.2|Review of wildland-
urban interface areas|Y|||||||51181|4204| |Chapter 4|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements|Wildland-urban interface area requirements| |401|General|Y||||||||| |401.1|Scope|Y||||||||| |401.2|Objective|Y||||1273.00||||| |401.3|General safety
precautions|Y||||||||| |402|Applicability|Y|||||||||APPENDIX H-26 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
Yes/NoIWUIC
SectionCBC
SectionCFC
SectionTitle 14,
Division 1.5
SectionTitle 19,
Division 1
SectionGov Code
SectionPRC
SectionHSC
SectionSection Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Chapter 4 Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements Wildland-urban interface area requirements 402.1 Subdivisions Y 402.1.1 Access Y 503 402.1.2 Water supply Y 507 402.1.2.1 Parcel map approval Y 1275.01 402.2 Individual structures Y 503
507402.2.1 Access Y 503 402.2.2 Water supply Y 507 402.3 Existing conditions N 505.1 403 Access Y 1273 403.1 General Y 1273.00 403.1.1 Section 403 definitions Y 1270.01(f) 403.1.2 Width Y 1273.01(a)
1273.CWUIC § 104.2.2.6.2 High relevance — show source text
[A] 104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1 shall describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
[A] 104.2.2.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code official.
[A] 104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases, provided that the code official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, that the modification is in conformance with the intent and purpose of this code, and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of the written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered into the files of the code enforcement
agency.
[A] 104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
[A] 104.4 Right of entry. Where it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or where the code official has reasonable cause to believe that there exists in a structure or on any premises a condition that is contrary to or in violation of this code that makes the structure or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the code official is authorized to enter the structure or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed by this code. If such structure or premises is occupied, the code official shall present proper credentials to the occupant and request entry. If such structure or premises is unoccupied, the code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or other person having charge or control of the structure or premises and request entry. If such entry is refused, then the code official shall have recourse to every remedy provided by law to secure entry.
[A] 104.4.1 Warrant. Where the code official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner, the owner’s authorized agent, occupant or person having charge, care or control of the structure or premises shall not fail or neglect, after a proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the code official for the purposes of inspection and examination pursuant to this code.
[A] 104.5 Identification. The code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures or premises in the performance of duties under this code.
[A] 104.6 Notices and orders. The code official shall issue all necessary notices or orders to ensure compliance with this code. Notices of violations shall be in accordance with Section 110.2.
CWUIC § 104.2.2.5 High relevance — show source text
Effectiveness.
Durability.
Safety, other than fire safety.
Fire safety.
[A] 104.2.2.5 Tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalency in support of an alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
[A] 104.2.2.5.1 Fire tests. Tests conducted to demonstrate equivalent fire safety in support of an alternative material, design or method of construction application shall be of a scale that is sufficient to predict fire safety performance of the end use configuration. Tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 104.2.2.6 Reports. Supporting data, where necessary to assist in the approval of materials or assemblies not specifically provided for in this code, shall comply with Sections 104.2.2.6.1 and 104.2.2.6.2.
[A] 104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports. Evaluation reports shall be issued by an approved agency and use of the evaluation report shall require approval by the code official for the installation. The alternate material, design or method of construction and product evaluated shall be within the scope of the code official’s recognition of the approved agency. Criteria used for the evaluation shall be identified within the report and, where required, provided to the code official.
[A] 104.2.2.6.2 Other reports. Reports not complying with Section 104.2.2.6.1 shall describe criteria, including but not limited to any referenced testing or analysis, used to determine compliance with code intent and justify code equivalence. The report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
[A] 104.2.2.7 Peer review. The code official is authorized to require submittal of a peer review report in conjunction with a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction, prepared by a peer reviewer that is approved by the code official.
[A] 104.2.3 Modifications. Where there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases, provided that the code official shall first find that one or more special individual reasons make the strict letter of this code impractical, that the modification is in conformance with the intent and purpose of this code, and that such modification does not lessen health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of the written request and action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered into the files of the code enforcement
agency.
[A] 104.3 Applications and permits. The code official is authorized to receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for operations regulated by this code, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code.
**[A] 104.4 Right of entry.
CWUIC § 104.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE CODE OFFICIAL
[A] 104.1 Powers and duties of the code official. The code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code.
[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
- Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
- Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the person in possession or control of the building or premises to provide a technical opinion and report.
[A] 104.2.1.1 Costs. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
[A] 104.2.1.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
[A] 104.2.1.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises, the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon and fuel management to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
[A] 104.2.1.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
[A] 104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.
[A] 104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method shall be approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections 104.2.2.2 through 104.2.2.7, as applicable.
[A] 104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to the code official for approval. Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official shall respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved.
[A] 104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
[A] 104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall, for the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code with respect to all of the following, as applicable:
Quality.
Strength.
Effectiveness.
Durability.
Safety, other than fire safety.
Fire safety.
CWUIC § 104.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF CODE OFFICIAL
[A] 104.1 General. The code official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.
[A] 104.2 Determination of compliance. The code official shall have the authority to determine compliance with this code, to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of this code’s provisions. Such interpretations, policies, and procedures:
- Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
- Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
[A] 104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the code official.
[A] 104.2.2 Technical assistance. To determine compliance with this code, the code official is authorized to require the owner or owner’s authorized agent to provide a technical opinion and report.
[A] 104.2.2.1 Cost. A technical opinion and report shall be provided without charge to the jurisdiction.
[A] 104.2.2.2 Preparer qualifications. The technical opinion and report shall be prepared by a qualified engineer, specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the code official. The code official is authorized to require design submittals to be prepared by, and bear the stamp of, a registered design professional.
[A] 104.2.2.3 Content. The technical opinion and report shall analyze the properties of the design, operation or use of the building or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon to identify and propose necessary recommendations.
[A] 104.2.2.4 Tests. Where there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this code, the code official shall have the authority to require tests as evidence of compliance. Test methods shall be as specified in this code or by other recognized test standards. In the absence of recognized test standards, the code official shall approve the testing procedures. Such tests shall be performed by a party acceptable to the code official.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 104.2.3 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction, and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative is not specifically prohibited by this code and has been approved.
Exception: Performance-based alternative materials, designs or methods of construction and equipment complying with the ICC Performance Code. This exception shall not apply to alternative structural materials or to alternative structural designs.
[A] 104.2.3.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where the code official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections 104.2.3.2 through 104.2.3.7, as applicable.
CWUIC § 2.1.3 Medium relevance — show source text
2.1.3|Content|N||||||||| |104.2.1.4|Tests|N||||||||| |104.2.2|Alternative
materials, design and
methods|Y||1.11.2.4
1.11.2.5||||||| |104.2.2.1|Approval authority|N||||||||| |104.2.2.2|Application and
disposition|N||1.11.2.4
1.11.2.5||||||| |104.2.2.3|Compliance with
code intent|N||||||||| |104.2.2.4|Equivalency criteria|N||||||||| |104.2.2.5|Tests|N||||||||| |104.2.2.6|Reports|N||||||||| |104.2.2.6.1|Evaluation reports|N||||||||| |104.2.2.6.2|Other reports|N||||||||| |104.2.2.7|Peer review|N||||||||| |104.2.3|Modifications|N||||||||| |104.3|Applications and
permits|Y||||||||| |104.4|Right of entry|N||||||||| |104.4.1|Warrant|N||||||||| |104.5|Identification|N||||||||| |104.6|Notices and orders|Y||||||||| |104.7|Official records|N||||||||| |104.7.1|Approvals|N||||||||| |104.7.2|Inspections|N||||||||| |104.7.3|Code alternatives
and modifications|N||||||||| |104.7.4|Tests|N||||||||| |104.7.5|Fees|N||||||||| |104.8|Liability|Y||||||||| |104.8.1|Legal defense|Y||||||||| |104.9|Approved materials
and equipment|N||||||||| |104.9.1|Material and
equipment reuse|N||||||||| |104.10|Other agencies|N||||||||| |105|Permits|Y||||||||| |105.1|General|Y||||||||| |105.2|Permits required|Y||||||||| |105.3|Work exempt from
permit|Y||||||||| |105.4|Permit application|Y||||||||| |105.4.1|Preliminary
inspection|N||||||||| |105.4.2|Time limitation of
application|N||||||||| |105.5|Permit approval|N||||||||| |105.6|Permit issuance|N||||||||| |105.6.1|Refusal to issue a
permit|N||||||||| |105.7|Validity of permit|N||||||||| |105.8|Expiration|Y||105.5.1||||||| |105.9|Retention of permits|N|||||||||APPENDIX H-22 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
|2025 CWUIC—continued|Col2|Adopted
Yes/No|IWUIC
Section|CBC
Section|CFC
Section|Title 14,
Division 1.5
Section|Title 19,CWUIC § 104.2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
2|Determination of
compliance|N||||||||| |104.2.1|Technical assistance|N||||||||| |104.2.1.1|Cost|N|||||||||2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE APPENDIX H-21
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APPENDIX H—REFERENCED CALIFORNIA DOCUMENTS
2025 CWUIC—continued Col2 Adopted
Yes/NoIWUIC
SectionCBC
SectionCFC
SectionTitle 14,
Division 1.5
SectionTitle 19,
Division 1
SectionGov Code
SectionPRC
SectionHSC
SectionSection Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Title Chapter 1 _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration _Division II—_Scope and Administration 104.2.1.2 Preparer
qualificationsN 104.2.1.3 Content N 104.2.1.4 Tests N 104.2.2 Alternative
materials, design and
methodsY 1.11.2.4
1.11.2.5104.2.2.1 Approval authority N 104.2.2.2 Application and
dispositionN 1.11.2.4
1.11.2.5104.2.2.3 Compliance with
code intentN 104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria N 104.2.2.5 Tests N 104.2.2.6 Reports N 104.2.2.6.1 Evaluation reports N 104.2.2.6.2 Other reports N 104.2.2.7 Peer review N 104.2.3 Modifications N 104.3 Applications and
permitsY 104.4 Right of entry N 104.4.1 Warrant N 104.5 Identification N 104.6 Notices and orders Y 104.7 Official records N 104.7.1 Approvals N 104.7.2 Inspections N 104.7.3 Code alternatives
and modificationsN 104.7.4 Tests N 104.7. CWUIC § 105.6.1 Medium relevance — show source text
[A] 105.6.1 Refusal to issue a permit. Where the application or construction documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the code official shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefor.
[A] 105.7 Validity of permit. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans, specifications and computations shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to violate or conceal the provisions of this code or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.
[A] 105.8 Expiration. On or after January 1, 2019, every permit issued shall become invalid unless the work on the site authorized by such permit is commenced within 12 months after its issuance or if the work authorized on the site by such permit is suspended or aban- doned for a period of 12 months after the time the work is commenced. The building official is authorized to grant, in writing, one or more extensions of time for periods not more than 180 days each. The extension shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause demon- strated. (See Health and Safety Code Section 18938.5 and 18938.6.)
[A] 105.9 Retention of permits. Permits shall at all times be kept on the premises designated therein and shall at all times be subject to inspection by the code official or other authorized representative.
[A] 105.10 Revocation of permits. Permits issued under this code can be suspended or revoked where it is determined by the code official that:
- It is used by a person other than the person to whom the permit was issued.
- It is used for a location other than that for which the permit was issued.
- Any of the conditions or limitations set forth in the permit have been violated.
- The permittee fails, refuses or neglects to comply with any order or notice duly served on him or her under the provisions of this code within the time provided therein.
- There has been any false statement or misrepresentation as to material fact in the application or plans on which the permit or application was made.
- The permit is issued in error or in violation of any other ordinance, regulations or provisions of this code.
The code official is allowed to, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this code whenever the permit is issued in error or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
SECTION 106—CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
[A] 106.1 General. Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams and other data shall be submitted in not fewer than two sets, or in a digital format where allowed by the code official, with each application for a permit. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require additional documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: Submission of plans, calculations, construction inspection requirements and other data, if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such that reviewing of plans is not necessary to obtain compliance with this code.
CWUIC § 2.1 Medium relevance — show source text
R102.7 Wildland-Urban Interface. The provisions of Part 7, California Wildland-Urban Interface Code shall apply to buildings and struc- tures built in the wildland-urban interface (WUI).
PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SECTION R103—CODE COMPLIANCE AGENCY
R103.1 Creation of agency. The [ INSERT NAME OF DEPARTMENT ] is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the building official. The function of the agency shall be the implementation, administration and enforcement of the provisions of this code.
R103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction.
R103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the building official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy building official, other related technical officers, inspectors and other employees. Such employees shall have powers as delegated by the building official.
SECTION R104—DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BUILDING OFFICIAL
R104.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this code.
R104.2 Determination of compliance. The building official shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code and to adopt policies and procedures in order to clarify the application of this code’s provisions. Such interpretations, policies and procedures:
- Shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code.
- Shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.
R104.2.1 Listed compliance. Where this code or a referenced standard requires equipment, materials, products or services to be listed and a listing standard is specified, the listing shall be based on the specified standard. Where a listing standard is not specified, the listing shall be based on an approved listing criteria. Listings shall be germane to the provision requiring the listing. Installation shall be in accordance with the listing and the manufacturer’s instructions, and where required to verify compliance, the listing standard and manufacturer’s instructions shall be made available to the building official.
R104.2.2 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment. The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved.
R104.2.2.1 Approval authority. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where the building official finds that the proposed alternative is satisfactory and complies with Sections R104.2.2 through R104.2.2.6.2, as applicable.
R104.2.2.2 Application and disposition. Where required, a request to use an alternative material, design or method of construction shall be submitted in writing to the building official for approval. Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the building official shall respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved.
R104.2.2.3 Compliance with code intent. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall comply with the intent of the provisions of this code.
R104.2.2.4 Equivalency criteria. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall, for the purpose intended, be not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code with respect to all the following, as applicable:
- Quality.
- Strength.
CWUIC § 6.6.1.4 Medium relevance — show source text
6.6.1.4 The number of fire appurtenances between sectional control valves is allowed to be modified by the authority having jurisdiction.
Revise Section 10.4.3.1.1 as follows:
10.4.3.1.1 Pipe joints shall not be located under foundation footings. The pipe under the building or building foundation shall not contain mechanical joints.
Exceptions:
1. Where allowed in accordance with 10.4.3.2.
2. Alternate designs may be utilized where designed by a registered professional engineer and approved by the enforcing agency.
Revise Section 10.9.1 as follows:
10.9.1 Backfill shall be well tamped in layers or puddle under and around pipes to prevent settlement or lateral movement. Backfill shall consist of clean fill sand or pea gravel to a minimum 6″ below and to a minimum of 12″ above the pipe and shall contain no ashes, cinders, refuse, organic matter or other corrosive materials. Other backfill materials and methods are permitted where designed by a registered professional engineer and approved by the enforcing agency.
25—13CA: California NFPA 25 Edition (Based on the 2011 Edition) Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-based Fire Protection Systems Chapter 31F, 3108F
30—24: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
607.1, 5001.1, 5701.2, 5703.6.2, 5703.6.2.1, 5704.2.7, 5704.2.7.1, 5704.2.7.2, 5704.2.7.3.2, 5704.2.7.4, 5704.2.7.6, 5704.2.7.7, 5704.2.7.8, 5704.2.7.9, 5704.2.9.3, 5704.2.9.4, 5704.2.9.6.1.1, 5704.2.9.6.1.2, 5704.2.9.6.1.3, 5704.2.9.6.1.4, 5704.2.9.6.1.5, 5704.2.9.6.2, 5704.2.9.7.3, 5704.2.10.2, 5704.2.11.3, 5704.2.11.4.2, 5704.2.12.1, 5704.3.1, 5704.3.6, Table 5704.3.6.3(1), Table 5704.3.6.3(2), Table 5704.3.6.3(3), 5704.3.7.2.3, 5704.3.8.4, 5706.8.3
30A—24: Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages
2301.4, 2301.5, 2301.6, 2306.6.3, 2310.1
Frequently asked questions
Can the code official approve a product that is less fire‑resistant than the code prescribes?
No. Any alternative must be equivalent with respect to fire safety among other criteria. The code official can approve an alternative only if it meets the equivalency criteria in § 104.2.2.4 and the tests/reports demonstrating fire performance are acceptable — § 104.2.2.4 / 104.2.2.5.1 .
If the code official denies an alternative, must they explain why?
Yes. Where the alternative is not approved the code official must respond in writing, stating the reasons the alternative was not approved (§ 104.2.2.2) .
Are modifications broad waivers that apply to future projects?
No. Modifications are for individual cases only; the official must find special individual reasons, preserve safety, and record the request and action (§ 104.2.3) .
Can the code official demand peer review or stamped plans?
Yes. The code official is authorized to require a peer review and to require submittals prepared and stamped by a registered design professional where appropriate (§ 104.2.2.7 / 104.2.2.6.2) .
If I disagree with the code official’s decision, is there an appeal?
Yes — appeals procedures and a board of appeals exist; a reversed or modified decision requires a concurring vote by the board and the code official must act in accordance with the board’s decision (see Appendix I and Chapter 112) .
More in California Wildland-Urban Interface Code
- Administration and Definitions
- Board of Appeals, Administration & Enforcement (permits, code official duties, appeals process)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Designation & Mapping
- Fire Service Access & Water Supply (fire apparatus roads, driveways, hydrants, draft sites, standby power)
- Wildland‑Urban Interface Area Requirements (access, water, premises identification, key boxes)
- Referenced Standards & Test Methods
- Special Building Construction Regulations (ignition‑resistant construction, roof/vent/assembly requirements)
- Appendices and Model Ordinances (vegetation plans, severity‑zone adoption, home‑hardening guidance)
- Fire Protection Requirements (fire protection plans, systems, safety element provisions)
- Referenced California Documents & Matrix (CCR/Title 14 & 19 cross‑references, statutory references)
- Vegetation Management & Defensible Space (vegetation plans, maintenance, fire‑smart characteristics)
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