CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code
Cables, connectors and hinge requirements
This article explains that under the CRSC you may only use cables where normal actuation force is strictly less than one‑tenth of the cable’s rated working tension, attachments must be mechanically tight and nonslip, and hinges must function smoothly and resist rust; follow manufacturer ratings and document terminations to show compliance.
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The California Referenced Standards Code requires that cables used to connect actuators to latches transmit only less than one‑tenth (1/10) of the cable or connector manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression in normal operation (§ 12-3-4.6.1) and that the method of attachment yield a tight, reliable, nonslip connection to latches, release mechanisms and actuators (§ 12-3-4.6.3) — both provisions are in the CRSC. Hinges must operate smoothly and reliably and not be susceptible to rust or corrosion (§ 12-3-4.7.1).
Use cables only where the normal operating force is less than one‑tenth (1/10) of the cable’s rated working tension/compression, and make sure connections are mechanically nonslip and hinges are corrosion‑resistant.
Requirements in detail
Key defined terms (first use)
- Cables — flexible members linking actuators to latches/release mechanisms (bolded as a defined term here). § 12-3-4.6.1.
- Manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression — the cable/connector rating supplied by the manufacturer and used to calculate the allowable transmitted force. § 12-3-4.6.1.
- Nonslip connection — a mechanical attachment method that prevents the cable or connector from slipping at the attachment point. § 12-3-4.6.3.
- Hinges — pivoting hardware for bar/door assemblies that must remain functional and corrosion‑resistant. § 12-3-4.7.1.
Decision‑relevant summary table
| Issue / decision point | Required value / test | Practical implication | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum force transmitted through cable during normal operation | Less than one‑tenth (1/10) of the manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression | If expected actuation force ≥ 1/10 × rated tension, do not use a cable (choose alternate mechanism or higher‑rated cable) | § 12-3-4.6.1 |
| Condition of cable/connector after installation | Must not be damaged or have frayed strands during normal installation or use (see related text in code) | Inspect for strand breakage, nicks, or chafing during install and in service | § 12-3-4.6.2 (related) |
| Attachment method to latches/actuators | Must provide a tight, reliable nonslip connection | Use crimp/swage/specified terminals, set screws or mechanical terminations per manufacturer; verify no slip under expected load | § 12-3-4.6.3 |
| Hinge performance | Hinges must operate smoothly and reliably and not be susceptible to rust or corrosion | Select corrosion‑resistant materials or coatings (stainless, plated, or corrosion‑inhibiting finishes) and lubricate per manufacturer | § 12-3-4.7.1 |
What the code requires you to check on a project
- Verify the cable’s manufacturer published rated working tension/compression and calculate 1/10 of that rating. § 12-3-4.6.1.
- Confirm the expected normal operating force (pull or push) at the actuator and ensure it is strictly less than the 1/10 threshold. § 12-3-4.6.1.
- Inspect termination details so the attachment method resists slip under the design load; document the mechanical termination method in the installation instructions. § 12-3-4.6.3.
- Select hinges rated or finished for the environment (outdoor / marine / wet) to prevent rust/corrosion and ensure smooth operation over the life of the product. § 12-3-4.7.1.
Exceptions & special cases
- The CRSC text for the controlling sections does not list specific exceptions for these rules. If a situation seems to require a different approach (for example, the needed actuation force exceeds the 1/10 threshold), the code language indicates that a cable is not an acceptable means in that application — you must use a different connection method or increase the rated working tension of the cable. § 12-3-4.6.1.
- The code does not provide numeric torque values or prescribed termination hardware types for the nonslip connection; the requirement is performance‑based: the connection must be tight, reliable, nonslip. Therefore follow manufacturer instructions, accepted industry practices, and product listings to demonstrate compliance. § 12-3-4.6.3.
- For corrosion resistance of hinges, the code is prescriptive about the outcome (not susceptible to rust/corrosion) but does not mandate specific materials or finishes; choose materials or coatings rated for the service environment and document them. § 12-3-4.7.1.
Common mistakes
- Assuming any cable is acceptable without checking the manufacturer’s rated working tension; failing to do the 1/10 calculation, then using the cable where normal force exceeds the allowed fraction. § 12-3-4.6.1.
- Using terminals or crimps that rely on friction only and are not demonstrated to be nonslip under expected loads — the code requires a tight, reliable nonslip connection. § 12-3-4.6.3.
- Installing cables with frayed strands, kinks, or contact against sharp edges (these conditions are addressed elsewhere in the code and the related provisions) — damaged cables can fail prematurely. § 12-3-4.6.2 (related).
- Selecting hinge hardware that will corrode in the service environment (e.g., plain steel in an outdoor coastal installation) instead of a corrosion‑resistant material or finish. § 12-3-4.7.1.
Worked example — concrete scenario
Scenario: A releasing actuator in a dwelling is measured and requires 40 lbf of pull force during normal operation at the cable termination.
Read the cable manufacturer’s rated working tension. Suppose Manufacturer A rates the cable at 300 lbf.
- Code check: allowable transmitted force = less than 1/10 × 300 lbf = 30 lbf. Since the required 40 lbf ≥ 30 lbf, this cable is NOT permitted by § 12-3-4.6.1.
Option A — select a higher‑rated cable: find a cable with rated working tension R such that 1/10 × R > 40 lbf.
- Solve R > 400 lbf. Choose a cable rated 450 lbf; allowable = 45 lbf, so 40 lbf < 45 lbf and the condition in § 12-3-4.6.1 is met.
Termination: choose a mechanical termination method (crimp/swage or bolted terminal) that the manufacturer lists as acceptable and that is demonstrably nonslip at 40 lbf. Document the termination type and manufacturer instruction as proof of compliance with § 12-3-4.6.3.
Hinges: select hinges of a stainless or suitably plated material rated for the dwelling environment to meet § 12-3-4.7.1 (smooth operation, not susceptible to rust/corrosion). Lubrication and maintenance instructions should be provided.
Note: the CRSC does not provide numerical torque or specific termination hardware; rely on manufacturer specifications and test evidence to demonstrate the attachment is nonslip. § 12-3-4.6.3.
Related provisions (CRSC)
- § 12-3-4.6.2 — Cables and connectors shall not be damaged or have wire strands frayed during installation or use.
- § 12-3-4.5.1 – 12-3-4.5.4 — Releasing system manual actuators and actuation motions (finger, hand, foot) and release behavior; relevant when selecting actuator type connected to cables.
- § 12-3-5.1 — Test setup and sample preparation (useful for test demonstration of nonslip connections and hinge durability).
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRSC § 12-3 High relevance — show source text
RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS
12-3-4.5 Manual actuators.
12-3-4.5.1 Security bar releasing assembly mechanisms shall include a manual actuation mechanism that is capable of unlatching the security bars so that they can be opened by the occupants. The actuating force shall be applied in one of the following
manners:
Finger actuated: Pushing with the index finger or pulling a loop with the index finger in a curled position.
Hand actuated: Pulling, pushing, twisting, rotating or turning a lever, knob, handle, rod or similar actuator with the hand or multiple fingers.
Foot actuated: Kicking, depressing or stepping on an actuating pedal, lever, stirrup or similar actuator.
12-3-4.5.2 On foot-actuated systems, only a single foot motion shall be used to disengage the bar assembly from the latch. On finger- and hand-actuated systems, one or two distinct hand or finger motions shall be used to disengage the bar assembly from the latch.
12-3-4.5.3 Releasing the actuator after the latch has been disengaged from the bar assembly shall not reengage the bar assembly.
12-3-4.5.4 No features or methods shall be provided or referenced in the instruction manual to inhibit the operation of the releasing mechanism.
12-3-4.6 Cables and connectors.
12-3-4.6.1 Cables connecting actuators to latches and release mechanisms shall only be used in applications where the force transmitted by them during normal operation is less than [ 1] / 10 the manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression.
12-3-4.6.2 Cables and connectors shall not be damaged, or have wire strands frayed during normal installation or use, and shall not contact sharp objects when installed as intended.
12-3-4.6.3 The means used to secure cables or connectors to latches, release mechanisms and actuators shall provide a tight, reliable nonslip connection.
12-3-4.7 Hinges.
12-3-4.7.1 Hinges shall operate smoothly and reliably, and shall not be susceptible to rust or corrosion.
PERFORMANCE
SECTION 12-3-5—TEST SETUP AND SAMPLE PREPARATION
12-3-5.1 Sample selection.
12-3-5.1.1 Representative samples of the releasing system shall be assembled to a test fixture as described in the installation instructions, unless otherwise noted in specific tests. The assembly shall include the mounting, hardware, releasing mechanisms and fasteners recommended in the instructions.
12-3-5.1.2 Samples to be tested shall include each type and sizes of releasing system shown in the installation instructions. Each type of releasing mechanism shall be subjected to the complete test program, unless it can be shown that tests on one type of mechanism are representative of the worst case testing on another mechanism. The sample shall be tested with mounting hardware and security bars that represent the worst case conditions of use. This shall be considered to be the security bars with the heaviest weight, greatest dimensions, and systems that create the greatest torque, moment and frictional forces on the hinges and releasing mechanism.
12-3-5.1.3 The test report shall document the systems tested, along with the basis for sample selection.
12-3-5.2 Test fixture.
California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text
|100 psf|1 hr
23 min|||7|1, 2|11/3| |F/C-4-RC-9|4″|4″ deep (4370 psi);1/4″ reinforcement bars
at 6″ pitch with3/4″ cover;1/4″ main rein-
forcement bars at 4″ pitch perpendicular
with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-10|4″|4″ thick (5140 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
ment bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
restrained.|140 psf|1 hr
16 min|||7|1, 5|11/4| |F/C-4-RC-11|4″|4″ thick (4000 psi) concrete deck;
3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
reinforcement 1″ from bottom of slab; 6′6″
span restrained.|150 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-12|4″|4″ deep (2380 psi) concrete deck;
3″ × 11/2″ × 4 lbs R.S.J.; 2′6″ C.R.S.; flush
with top surface; 4″ × 6″ x 13 SWG mesh
reinforcement 1″ from bottom surface;
6′6″ span restrained.|150 psf|1 hr
3 min|||7|1, 2|1| |F/C-4-RC-13|41/2″|41/2″ thick (5200 psi) deck;1/4″ reinforce-
ment bars at 71/4″ pitch with7/8″ cover;3/8″
main reinforcement bars at 33/4″ pitch
perpendicular with1/2″ cover; 13′1″ span
restrained.|140 psf|2 hrs|||7|1, 3|2| |F/C-4-RC-14|41/2″|41/2″ deep (2525 psi) concrete deck;1/4″
reinforcement bars at 71/2″ pitch with7/8″
cover;3/8″ main reinforcement bars at
33/8″ pitch perpendicular with1/2″ cover;
13′1″ span restrained.|150 psf|42 min|||7|1, 5|2/3| |F/C-4-RC-15|41/2″|41/2″ deep (4830 psi) concrete deck;
11/2″ × No.CRSC § 03-25 Medium relevance — show source text
Rev. #07: 03-25-22 015251 Page 11 of 39
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Straight Connectors Compression-Type (copper-to-copper)(continued)
Notes
For material and finish information refer to “Specifications for Straight Compression Type Connectors for Insulated Copper Conductors”.
Connectors shown in Figure 5 on Page 11 are to be used to connect cables of up to 35 kV rating or lower, and can be used on bare cables where such cables will not be subjected to tension.
An indentor type compression die (clacker) should not be used on #4 or #2 AWG size connectors because itexcessively distorts the connector.
Round the sector cable with rounder tool.
015251 Page 12 of 39 Rev. #07: 03-25-22
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Straight Connectors Solder-Type (copper-to-copper)
12 ° � 1 °
Radius = 50 mils or Wall Thickness, Figure 6 C Whichever Is Less
D
Table 7 Straight Connectors − Split Tinned-Type − Copper-to-Copper, All Voltages (Figure 6)
Cable Size
AWG or Kcmil
(round or compact
sector)Nominal Dimensions − Inches Col3 Col4 Col5 Col6 Standard
PackageBurndy
Part
NumberRichards Code Cable Size
AWG or Kcmil
(round or compact
sector)A
IDB
ODC
(wall thickness)D
(slot width)E
(length)E
(length)E
(length)E
(length)E
(length)8 5/32 3/16 1/32 1/32 1-1/2 200 SS8C8C RSS2 305041 6 3/16 1/4 1/32 1/32 1-1/2 200 SS6C6C RSS3 305042 4 7/32 5/16 1/32 1/32 2 100 SS4C4C RSS5 305043 2 9/32 3/8 1/32 1/32 2 100 SS2C2C RSS7 305044 1/0 3/8 1/2 1/16 1/16 2 100 SS2525 RSS9 305045 2/0 1 CRSC § 06-29 Medium relevance — show source text
Revision 06 has the following changes:
- Updated Table 2 on Page 2.
Rev. #06: 06-29-12 013109 Page 3 of 3
UG-1: Connectors Greenbook
Prepared by: MZGD
Purpose and Scope
This document provides application and ordering information for cable connectors and terminals for use in underground distribution systems.
General:
This document applies to connectors for copper-to-copper, copper-to-aluminum, and aluminum-to-aluminum conductors. The use of aluminum conductors and the necessity of splicing aluminum-to-copper presents some specific problems as follows.
All connectors shall meet the requirements of ANSI C119 Class A .
Oxide Film
Unlike copper, aluminum is normally covered with a thin, hard film of invisible aluminum oxide. This film is a good insulator and forms immediately whenever aluminum is exposed to air. Therefore, aluminum connectors must meet the following requirements.
A. Connectors should exert sufficient pressure on the cable to break through the oxide film.
B. Connectors should exert approximately equal pressures on all strands.
- Thermal Expansion and Plastic Flow
The difference in the thermal expansion of copper and aluminum must be addressed. Aluminum expands and contracts approximately 38% more than copper with the same temperature change. Copper connectors and copper cables expand together as do aluminum connectors and aluminum cables.
If copper connectors are used on aluminum cables, the aluminum cable expands more than the copper connector. As the temperature rises this causes the aluminum to extrude out of the connector. When the joint cools, the copper connector cannot shrink to fit the reduced diameter of the aluminum conductor. This cycle, repeated over time, results in loose connections and high resistance joints. Therefore, it is important to use connectors that have the same coefficient of expansion as the cable. For example, copper connectors with copper cable and aluminum connectors with aluminum cable.
Aluminum-to-copper connections must be made with special aluminum connectors designed to run cooler than the copper comductor and compensates for the difference in the coefficient of expansion. These connectors have a larger mass than standard aluminum connectors.
- Corrosion
A. Electrolysis : The third characteristic of aluminum that affects connectors is not peculiar to aluminum alone but is common to all metals. Aluminum in contact with another metal in the presence of moisture will have an electrolysis action.
This problem exists in the connection of aluminum-to-copper, and the electrolysis action causes corrosion of the anode material (aluminum), leaving the cathodic material (copper) undamaged.
B. Chemical: Moisture in the absence of air reacts with aluminum forming aluminum hydroxide, which, in a very short time, will seriously corrode the aluminum material.
It is of extreme importance that aluminum conductors and connectors installed underground be free of moisture. Special care must be used to prevent moisture from entering into underground splices by using an inhibitor, and carefully and correctly taping or sealing splices.
Rev. #07: 03-25-22 015251 Page 1 of 39
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- General Rules for Battery Presses.
A. A 6-ton in-line or pistol grip battery-powered press is equivalent to the older mechanical hand tools used for pressing connectors - for example, the Burndy MD6-8 tool.
CRSC § 5.62 Medium relevance — show source text
91|5.62|0.25|0.65|303730|303730| |4/05|4/05|1.52|1.17|6.20|0.30|0.91|303729|−
U28ART
U28ART 8| |250|250|1.90|1.62|6.6|0.38|1.0|301283|−
U249ART
U249ART 8| |3505|3505|2.25|1.62|6.84|0.38|1.12|303728|−
U31ART
U31ART 8| |700/7502, 5|700/7502, 5|2.65|1.62|8.22|0.62|1.62|303839|−
−
P39ART| |1,000/1,1002, 5|1,000/1,1002, 5|2.97|1.62|8.88|0.62|1.84|303840|−
−
P44ART|1 These dimensions may vary slightly among the various suppliers. 2 These connectors shall be designed to fit side by side on a standard NEMA spade terminal (see Figure 24 on Page 29). 3 To order 4-hole terminals larger than 1,000 kcmil, select the Burndy or Homac terminal for the proper cable size and substitute 4 for 2 in the catalog number. Example: YA45A-4NTN or Homac AL-750-4NTN. See Figure 17 on Page 22. 4 If it is necessary to stack copper conductors, use aluminum stacking connectors. 5 These connectors shall be capable of being stacked on any straight terminal of equal or larger size (up to and including 1,000 kcmil). 6 These Die require a 60-ton press tool. 7 Within this column, the first entry corresponds to a 6-ton press tool, the second entry corresponds to a 12-ton press tool, and the third entry corresponds to a 15-ton press tool. 8 A U−die adapter must be used when utilizing U−dies in a 15−Ton press.
Rev. #07: 03-25-22 015251 Page 23 of 39
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Terminal Connectors Compression-Type (aluminum cable-to-flat bar for transformer spade terminals)(continued)
Table 27 Terminal Connectors (aluminum cable-to-flat bar)(continued)
CRSC § 0.56 Medium relevance — show source text
13|0.56|YSP26T|OCC10|PC-2/0|DPCP 13|DPCP 13|3051671| |4/0|2.39|0.69|YS28T|CC12|C-4/0|DPC 21-T|W28RT
U28RT
U28RT3|305285| |250|3.38|0.75|YSP29T|OCC13|PC-250|DPCP 25|−
U29RT
U29RT3|3054291| |250|3.38|0.75|YS29|CC13|C-250|DPC 25|DPC 25|305202| |500|4.62|1.06|YSP34T|OCC18|PC-500|DPCP 50|−
U34RT
U34RT3|3054281| |500|4.63|1.06|YS34|CC18|C-500|DPC 50|DPC 50|305203| |750|4.23|1.3|Y39T|CC23|TC-750|DPC 75-T|−
U39RT
U39RT3|305488| |1,000|6.13|1.50|YS44|CC28|C-1000|DPC 100|−
−
P44RT|305480| |1,500|6.5|1.84|YS46|CC30|C-1500|DPC 150|−
−
P46RT|305511|1 These connectors have oil stops. These are more costly connectors and should only be used for splicing P&L cable to rubber or polyethylene insulated cables. 2 For #2 Solid, use Burndy 162 die index. Refer to Table 20 on Page 19 for Die ordering information. 3 A U-die adapter must be used when utilizing u-dies with 15-Ton press. 4 Within this column, the first entry corresponds to a 6-ton press tool, the second entry corresponds to a 12-ton press tool, and the third entry corresponds to a 15-ton press tool.
Rev. #07: 03-25-22 015251 Page 11 of 39
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Straight Connectors Compression-Type (copper-to-copper)(continued)
Notes
For material and finish information refer to “Specifications for Straight Compression Type Connectors for Insulated Copper Conductors”.
Connectors shown in Figure 5 on Page 11 are to be used to connect cables of up to 35 kV rating or lower, and can be used on bare cables where such cables will not be subjected to tension.
An indentor type compression die (clacker) should not be used on #4 or #2 AWG size connectors because itexcessively distorts the connector.
Round the sector cable with rounder tool.
015251 Page 12 of 39 Rev. #07: 03-25-22
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Straight Connectors Solder-Type (copper-to-copper)
12 ° � 1 °
CRSC § 03-25 Medium relevance — show source text
� A Kearney 303 connector shows “HYD O DIE”. This means a 12-ton tool with a U-O die (with 1 compression) is required. An O die in a 6-ton tool is not sufficient.
� A Kearney 308 connector shows “HYD D OR D3 DIE”. This means a 12-ton tool with a U-D or U-D3 die (with 1 compression) is required.
D. If the connector is stamped with a die designation of HAND or MEC, it means a 6-ton tool can be used with a W die. Example:
� A Kearney 302 connector shows “HYD B – MEC K”. This means a 6-ton tool with a W-KK die (with 3 compressions) can be used or a 12-ton tool with a U-B die (with 1 compression) can be used. The 6-ton tool is much lighter than the 12-ton tool and is preferred for ergonomics.
6. For information on multi-tap splices for 600V insulated cable refer to Document 036640
All information for field drilling connectors has been removed in this revision (16). Use range taking connectors (shearbolt) when dealing with non-standard cable sizes.
Ground terminal connector has been replaced with a more robust design. See Table 10 on page 14.
Application
There are four general types of connectors: solder sweated, bolted, compression, and shear-bolt. The advantages, disadvantages, and normal application of these four types of connectors are described in Table 1.
Compression tap connectors, Pages 15 through 18, are the preferred connectors for residential and light commercial installations.
Table 1 UG Connector Comparison
Connector Type Application Advantages Disadvantages Solder Sweated
Split Tinned
Copper1For Copper-to-Copper Straight
Connections (Page 13)Inexpensive
Excellent Electrical
ConnectionSpecial Tool Required
Must Be Sweated on
(increasing time and labor)
Limited to Copper CablesBolted Terminals and Tap Connections
Rated Less Than 600 V
(Pages 14, 28, 30,
32, and 36 - 37)Fast and Easy Install
Wide Range of Sizes
No Special Tools
Required
Low CostMore Difficult to Seal Compression
(preferred)Straight and Tap Connections for
Copper and Aluminum Cables
(Pages 8 - 12, 17 - 27,
33 - 35, and 38)Preferred Electrical
Connection
Ease of InstallationRequires Specific Tools and Dies Shearbolt Straight and Y & H
Cold-Shrink SplicesRange Taking
Excellent Electrical
Connection
Ease of Installation
No Special Tool
RequiredMore Expensive - Use only with paper-insulated lead-covered (PILC) Cable.
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References Location Document
CRSC § 03-25 Medium relevance — show source text
Table 12 Aluminum Compression Connectors for Secondary Connections to Streetlight Conductors
Conductor Size (AWG) Col2 Tap Col4 Conductor Size (AWG) Conductor Size (AWG) #10 Sol. #8 Sol. Run #2 Str. Code 305842 Code 305842 Run 1/0 Str. 1/0 Str. 1/0 Str. Run 2/0 Str. 2/0 Str. 2/0 Str. Run 3/0 Str. Code 305843 Code 305843 Run 4/0 Str. 4/0 Str. 4/0 Str. Rev. #07: 03-25-22 015251 Page 15 of 39
UG-1: Connectors Greenbook Connectors for Insulated Cables Underground Distribution Systems
Tap Connectors Compression-Type (#6 through 400 kcmil aluminum-to-aluminum or aluminum-to-copper) (continued)
Note
The material for these connectors is aluminum alloy.
Application These connectors are used for straight splice or tap, residential and light commercial.
Table 13 Aluminum H-Type Compression Connectors Col2 Col3 Col4 Col5 Tools and Dies Data Tools and Dies Data Tools and Dies Data Tools and Dies Data Tools and Dies Data Connector Code
16-Ton Tool 6-Ton Tool 12-Ton Tool 12-Ton Tool Connector Code
1Die Required # of
CompressionsDie Required # of
Compressions305507 W-O 4 U-O 2 305509 305509 5 1 5 1 5 1 305510 W-D 5 1 U-D 2 305519 305519 305519 305519 305519 305520 305520 305520 305520 305520 305830 305830 7 7 3 305831 305831 305831 305831 305831 305832 − − U-N 2 305833 305833 305833 305833 305833 305834 305834 305834 305834 3 Connectors for Connection to Secondary Streetlight Conductors Connectors for Connection to Secondary Streetlight Conductors Connectors for Connection to Secondary Streetlight Conductors Connectors for Connection to Secondary Streetlight Conductors Connectors for Connection to Secondary Streetlight Conductors 305842 W-O 4 U-O 2 305843 W-D 4 − − 1 These connectors are the same tap connectors shown in Document 041010.
Note
Do not use the N Die with UT-15 tools
Use U-die adapter with U-dies when a 15-ton press tool is utilized.
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CRSC § 2.34 Medium relevance — show source text
1 These connectors are overhead-type insulated service sleeves (see Document 028852). The insulation on these sleeves will not provide an adequate seal for underground application. These sleeves must be insulated and sealed as shown in Document 051034 as if they were bare. 2 For Burndy & Richards, Dimension L = 2.34”, B = 1.09”. 3 A U-die adapter must be used when utilizing u-dies with 15-Ton press. 4 Within this column, the first entry corresponds to a 6-ton press tool, the second entry corresponds to a 12-ton press tool, and the third entry corresponds to a 15-ton press tool
Notes
Connectors shall be pre-filled with an oxide inhibitor.
Connectors shown in Table 5 above are not suitable substitutes for the compression connectors supplied in the 3M pre-molded splice kits. The connector ODs supplied in the splice kits are larger than normal to provide a heat sink and facilitate sliding the pre-molded housing back and forth.
These connectors are aluminum unplated finished and must be used only with aluminum cables.
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Straight Connectors Compression-Type (copper-to-copper)
Table 6 Straight Connectors − Compression-Type − Copper-to-Copper (Figure 4)
Conductor Size
AWG or kcmilDimensions
(inches)Col3 Manufacturer and Catalog Number Col5 Col6 Col7 6-Ton Tool Die # 4
12-Ton Tool Die #
15-Ton Toot Die #Code Conductor Size
AWG or kcmilLength
(L)OD Burndy Richards Homac Dossert Dossert Dossert 4 2.38 0.34 YSP4CT OCC5 PC-4 DPCP 4 W4CRT
U4CRT
U4CRT33051641 2 2 2.62 0.42 YSP2CT OCC7 PC-2 DPCP 6 W2CRT
U2CRT
UWCRT33051651 2/0 2.21 0.56 YS26T CC10 TC-2/0 DPC 13-T W26RT
U26RT
U26RT3305283 2/0 3.13 0.56 YSP26T OCC10 PC-2/0 DPCP 13 DPCP 13 3051671 4/0 2.39 0.69 YS28T CC12 C-4/0 DPC 21-T W28RT
U28RT
U28RT3305285 250 3.38 0. CRSC § 06-29 Medium relevance — show source text
See Detail C
Table 3 Sectional-Type Ground Rods
Detail B Sectional Ground Rod
Table 4 Threaded Bronze Coupling for 5/8” Diameter Sectional-Type Ground Rods
Threaded
Coupling SizeCode Application Mfr. Catalog
Number5/8” 187022 For Connecting
Ground Rods
(see Table 3)Calpico C158 5/8” 187022 For Connecting
Ground Rods
(see Table 3)Eritech CR-58 5/8” 187022 For Connecting
Ground Rods
(see Table 3)Galvan 60−C Figure 4 Typical Assembly
Revision Notes
Table 5 Driving Head for 5/8” Diameter Sectional-Type Ground Rods
Detail D Driving Head
Driving Head Col2 Col3 Col4 Catalog Driving Head
SizeCode Application Mfr. Catalog
Number5/8” 187023 For Driving Ground
Rods (see Table 3)Calpico D358 5/8” 187023 For Driving Ground
Rods (see Table 3)Eritech DS58 5/8” 187023 For Driving Ground
Rods (see Table 3)Galvan 60−DS Revision 06 has the following changes:
- Updated Table 2 on Page 2.
Rev. #06: 06-29-12 013109 Page 3 of 3
UG-1: Connectors Greenbook
Prepared by: MZGD
Purpose and Scope
This document provides application and ordering information for cable connectors and terminals for use in underground distribution systems.
General:
This document applies to connectors for copper-to-copper, copper-to-aluminum, and aluminum-to-aluminum conductors. The use of aluminum conductors and the necessity of splicing aluminum-to-copper presents some specific problems as follows.
All connectors shall meet the requirements of ANSI C119 Class A .
Oxide Film
Unlike copper, aluminum is normally covered with a thin, hard film of invisible aluminum oxide. This film is a good insulator and forms immediately whenever aluminum is exposed to air. Therefore, aluminum connectors must meet the following requirements.
A. Connectors should exert sufficient pressure on the cable to break through the oxide film.
B. Connectors should exert approximately equal pressures on all strands.
- Thermal Expansion and Plastic Flow
The difference in the thermal expansion of copper and aluminum must be addressed. Aluminum expands and contracts approximately 38% more than copper with the same temperature change. Copper connectors and copper cables expand together as do aluminum connectors and aluminum cables.
CRSC § 1-3 Medium relevance — show source text
Col1 Col2 8” Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 1-3/4” 2” 2” 2” Col1 Col2 801−1,200 Amps Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 10”10”10”10”10”10”1-3/4” 2” 2” 2” 2” 5 Landings, 2,000 Amps
4 Landings, 1,600 Amps
Col1 Col2 14” Col4 Col5 Col6 Col7 Col8 Col9 Col10 1-3/4” 2” 2” 2” 2” 2” 2” 7 Landings, 2,500 Amps
Figure 9-16 Detail of Aluminum, Termination Bus Stubs
2022 – 2023 9-16
Section 9, Electric Metering: Components and Cable Terminating Facilities
9.11. Approved Service-Terminal Conductor Connectors
Applicants must observe the following requirements when they plan to install approved, service-terminal conductor connectors.
A. Applicants must furnish and install PG&E-approved, range taking connectors,suitable for aluminum conductors, for enclosures rated at 0 through 225 amps.
B. PG&E must furnish and install approved, cable-to-flat-bar connectors on the termination bus stub, as specified in Table 9-5, “Approved, Compression-Type Service-Terminal Connectors,” on Page 9-18, for enclosures rated above 225 amps. For a Class 320-amp panel, cable-to - flat-bar connectors on the termination bus stub are preferred; however, 320-amp-rated meter panels with hex lug terminations are acceptable also.
C. Applicants may use one-bolt, bus attachment connectors for 0- through 225-amp services if the connectors are anchored to prevent the connector assembly from twisting.
Applicants must not use pin termination connectors to install cables larger than those intended for the range-taking connectors in their service panel or service enclosure.
N OTE : Do not peel stranded cables to fit conductors into termination connectors.
See PG&E Numbered Document 015251, “Connectors for Insulated Cables Underground Distribution Systems,” Table 28, “Specifications for Terminal Connectors−Aluminum Cable-to-Flat-Bar,” Page 26, for more information. This document is included in Appendix C.
Two Holes for 1/2” Bolt
1-3/4”
Max.
Figure 9-17 Service-Terminal Conductor Connector
CRSC § 1.56 Medium relevance — show source text
56|1.56|4.00|0.91|YR26A2CCAG1|ALCR 10-7|SAC2/0 R2|W249
U249
U2494|305571| |2/0|2/0|2/0|2/0|2/0|2/0|YS26UG2|ALC 10|SAC2/0|SAC2/0|305581| |2/0|3/0|3/0|3/0|3/0|3/0|YR27A26CAG1|ALCR
11-10|SAC3/0
R2/0|SAC3/0
R2/0|305582| |2/0|4/0|4/0|4/0|4/0|4/0|YR28A26CAG1|ALCR
12-10|SAC4/0
R2/0|SAC4/0
R2/0|305585|1 Maximum copper conductor size. 2 These dimensions may vary slightly among the various suppliers. 3 These connectors are overhead-type insulated service sleeves. The insulation on these sleeves does not provide an adequate seal for underground application. These sleeves must be insulated and sealed as shown in Document 051034 as if they were bare. 4 A U-die adapter must be used when utilizing U-dies in a 15-Ton press. 5 Within this column, the first entry corresponds to a 6-ton press tool, the second entry corresponds to a 12-ton press tool, and the third entry corresponds to a 15-ton press tool.
015251 Page 8 of 39 Rev. #07: 03-25-22
UG-1: Connectors Greenbook Connectors for Insulated Cables Underground Distribution Systems
Straight Connectors Compression-Type (predrilled) Copper-to-Aluminum (continued)
Table 4 Compression-Type Connectors − Predrilled
Conductor
Size − AWG or
kcmilCol2 Dimensions (inches) Col4 Col5 Col6 Manufacturer and Catalog Numbers Col8 Col9 6-Ton Tool-Die # 4
12-Ton Tool Die #
15-Ton Tool Die #Connect-
or
CodeA 1
(Cu or
Al)B
(Al)AA BB L 2 OD Burndy Richards Homac Homac Homac 250 250 1.86 1.86 4.62 1.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use a cable if the expected force equals exactly 1/10 of rated tension?
No. § 12-3-4.6.1 requires the transmitted force to be less than one‑tenth (1/10) of the manufacturer’s rated working tension or compression, so an exact equality does not meet the requirement.
The code doesn't give torque values for terminations — how do I prove the connection is “nonslip”?
The code is performance‑based for terminations (§ 12-3-4.6.3). Use the manufacturer’s recommended termination hardware and installation procedure, and retain test records or manufacturer data showing the termination resists slip at the design loads.
Are there prescribed materials for hinges to satisfy corrosion resistance?
§ 12-3-4.7.1 requires hinges not be susceptible to rust or corrosion but does not prescribe materials. Use materials/coatings (stainless, plated, or corrosion‑inhibiting finishes) appropriate to the environment and document your selection.
If the actuator force varies, which value do I use for the 1/10 check?
Use the normal operation force (typical operating force during expected use) as called out in § 12-3-4.6.1. If forces vary, design for the worst‑case normal operating force, not occasional overloads.
The cable will rub against an edge — is that allowed?
No — cable damage and frayed strands during normal installation or use are not allowed (see related provision § 12-3-4.6.2). Protect against sharp edges, chafing, and inspect after installation.
More in California Referenced Standards Code
- Administration and scope — CRSC Chapter 12 overview
- Air filter standards (Chapter 12‑71)
- Building and facility access / accessibility standards (Chapters 12‑11A, 12‑11B)
- Engineering regulations — quality and design of construction materials (12‑16 series)
- Exits and means of egress (Chapters 12‑10 series)
- Protective signaling systems and detectors (Chapters 12‑72‑1, ‑2, ‑3)
- Radiation shielding standards (Chapter 12‑31C)
- Referenced standards index / cross‑reference table (Part 12 listing of referenced standards)
- Releasing systems for security bars (egress-release standards)
- Standards for insulating materials (Chapter 12‑13)
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