CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code
What test-report and instruction requirements apply to mechanically operated devices?
Manufacturers submitting mechanically operated single‑ or multiple‑station fire alarms must provide a test report with engineering data, a design comparison to the standard, test results, operating manuals and photographs, and must furnish installation/operating instructions and drawings (which may be draft) with the sample; the State Fire Marshal can require extra tests or refuse approval for unusual designs (CRSC **§ 12‑72‑201** and **§ 12‑72‑204**).
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The controlling rule is § 12-72-201: manufacturers submitting mechanically operated single‑ and multiple‑station fire alarm devices must provide a Test Report that includes engineering data, an analysis comparing the design to the standard, operating manuals and photographs, and a clear set of installation/operation drawings to accompany the sample submitted for investigation. Installation and operating instructions must also be furnished with the sample and need not be in final printed form. § 12-72-201 (Test Reports) and the instructions requirements of § 12-72-204 are the primary authorities.
The most important rule: provide a complete test report (engineering data, design comparison, test results) plus installation/operating drawings with the sample — these are required for the State Fire Marshal’s investigation. § 12-72-201.
Requirements in detail
What the Test Report must contain (high‑level)
- Test Report: must include engineering data, an analysis comparing the design to the standard (compare to Sections 12‑72‑201(b) through 12‑72‑202(g)), operating manuals, photographs, and a listing of tests performed with results. § 12-72-201(a).
What to submit with the sample
- Instructions and drawings: a copy of the installation and operating instructions and any related drawings must be furnished with the sample submitted for investigation; they need not be in final printed form. § 12-72-201(b).
What the instructions must include
- Each device must be provided with installation, operating and maintenance instructions that include:
- a typical installation layout,
- a description of operation, testing (if provided) and maintenance procedures,
- household emergency evacuation guidance, and
- a note that the local fire authority must be notified of the installation. § 12-72-204(a).
Rejection / differing constructions / exclusions
- The State Fire Marshal may refuse approval for cause; compliance with the text does not guarantee listing if other features impair intended results. Unusual constructions may require additional performance tests. § 12-72-201(c).
- Differing constructions may be evaluated for equivalence and recognized if substantially equivalent; consult the State Fire Marshal. § 12-72-201(f).
- This standard does not cover electrically operated single‑ or multiple‑station fire alarm devices actuated by heat, smoke, or combustion products. § 12-72-201(d).
Decision‑relevant table
| Deliverable / item | Required content / decision point | When required / notes | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Test report (single document) | Engineering data, analysis vs. standard, list of tests performed and results, operating manuals, photographs | Required with submission for investigation | § 12‑72‑201(a). |
| Instructions & drawings (copy) | Installation layout, operation, testing, maintenance, evacuation guidance, notice to local fire authority | Furnished with the sample; may be draft form | § 12‑72‑201(b); § 12‑72‑204(a). |
| Rejection / extra tests | N/A — State Fire Marshal may require additional tests or refuse approval for cause | Applies to unusual constructions or features | § 12‑72‑201(c). |
| Exclusion of electrically operated devices | Electrically operated single/multiple‑station devices are not covered | Use other standards for electrically operated devices | § 12‑72‑201(d). |
| Temperature classification (for temp-sensitive elements) | Ordinary: 135–174°F; Intermediate: 175–225°F; Max rating 225°F (107°C) | Important when reporting temperature element ratings | § 12‑72‑201(e). |
(If you need a checklist file or template for these deliverables, say so and I’ll provide one tied to the exact subsections above.)
Exceptions & special cases
- Draft instructions are acceptable: the instructions/drawings furnished with the sample “need not be in final printed form.” § 12‑72‑201(b).
- Electrically operated devices are explicitly excluded from this mechanically‑operated-device standard and must be evaluated under the applicable electrically‑operated device standard. § 12‑72‑201(d).
- Unusual constructions (nonstandard materials, forms, or novel mechanisms) may trigger additional tests beyond those listed; the State Fire Marshal may require these or refuse approval. § 12‑72‑201(c) and § 12‑72‑201(f).
If you plan to submit a device with novel features, budget time for additional test cycles and consultation with the State Fire Marshal as directed by the code. § 12‑72‑201(f).
Common mistakes
- Omitting photographic evidence or operating manuals from the test report — these are explicitly required. § 12‑72‑201(a).
- Providing only final printed instructions but not including the required copy of installation/operation drawings with the sample — remember the instructions/drawings must accompany the sample and may be draft form. § 12‑72‑201(b).
- Assuming component listing alone removes the need to report: while some listed components may not need retesting, the test report must identify listed components and include listing agency and test report references (see related test‑report rules for other device types). See § 12‑72‑101(b) and § 12‑72‑301(b) for how listed components are handled in related standards.
- Treating electrically‑operated devices as covered by this mechanically‑operated device standard — they are excluded. § 12‑72‑201(d).
Worked example — submission checklist for a gas‑operated single‑station device
Scenario: You manufacture a gas‑operated single‑station fire alarm whose eutectic element activates at 180°F.
- Confirm device classification: gas‑operated single‑station device under § 12‑72‑2 scope (single‑ and multiple‑station mechanically operated devices).
- Prepare the Test Report required by § 12‑72‑201(a): include engineering drawings, materials list, and an explicit analysis comparing your design to the standard’s provisions (compare to § 12‑72‑201(b) through § 12‑72‑202(g) as required). State the eutectic activation temperature and show how it fits the temperature classification. Example: 180°F is within the Intermediate class (175–225°F). Cite § 12‑72‑201(e) when you document the temperature class.
- Include operating manuals and photographs of the sample and of critical components (valve/cylinder, eutectic element, sounding device) as part of the Report. § 12‑72‑201(a).
- Furnish installation/operating instructions and drawings with the sample, even if they are draft or production proofs (they need not be final printed form). Ensure instructions contain the layout, operation/testing/maintenance steps, evacuation guidance, and a notice to the local fire authority as required by § 12‑72‑204(a).
- Anticipate SFM review: if your device has unusual design features, the State Fire Marshal may request additional performance tests or refuse approval for cause. § 12‑72‑201(c), (f).
Related provisions
- § 12‑72‑201 — Test reports (controlling section for mechanically operated devices).
- § 12‑72‑204 — Instructions (installation/operation/maintenance and required content).
- § 12‑72‑200 — Scope and definitions for single‑ and multiple‑station mechanically operated devices.
- § 12‑72‑101 — Test report requirements for protective signaling systems (related test‑report format rules and listed‑component guidance).
- § 12‑72‑301 — Test report requirements for combustion product detectors (example of how listed components and test reports are handled in related standards).
- § 12‑72‑202 — (Referenced by § 12‑72‑201(a) as part of the design comparison scope). Note: the full text of § 12‑72‑202 was not found in the provided files; consult the CRSC or SFM for the specific subsections 12‑72‑202(a–g) before final submission. (Text not retrieved in the supplied files.)
If you want, I can extract the exact subsections in 12‑72‑202 (the code asks you to compare against it) and produce a submission checklist that maps each required test to the exact subsection — tell me and I’ll pull those sections next.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
Fire alarm device, multiple station. Two or more gas-operated single station units interconnected by metal tubing to one or more remote alarm-sounding devices.
Fire alarm device, single station. A self-contained fire alarm system comprising a heat detector, an alarm- sounding device and a stored energy source incorporated in one integral package. The basic types are gas- operated units and springwound units.
Gas-operated type. A device having a temperature-sensitive eutectic element; compressed gas, usually in a liquid state in a cylinder; and a sounding means, such as a horn or whistle. When the eutectic element melts, the compressed gas is released in a gaseous state through the alarm-sounding device.
Spring-wound type. A device having a temperature-sensitive bimetal or eutectic element and a spring-wound type mechanism with clapper mounted within a bell housing. The snap action of the bimetal or melting of the eutectic element releases the spring mechanism resulting in a bell-type sound.
TEST REPORTS
Sec. 12-72-201.
(a) Test Report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Sections 1272-201(b) through 12-72-202(g); it shall include operating manuals and photographs. The report shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with this standard and the results thereof.
(b) Instructions and drawings. A copy of the operating and installation instructions and any related drawings is to be furnished with the sample submitted for investigation to be used as a guide in the examination and test of the unit and for this purpose they need not be in final printed form.
The instructions and drawings shall include such directions and information as deemed by the manufacturer to be adequate for attaining proper and safe installation, operation and maintenance.
(c) Rejection for cause. Compliance with these standards will not necessarily mean approval and listing, if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which may impair the result intended by these regulations. Unusual constructions may require application of additional performance tests. The State Fire Marshal may refuse to approve any item for cause. (See the Cali- fornia Electrical Code. )
(d) Devices covered. This standard does not cover electrically operated single- or multiple-station fire alarm devices actuated by heat, smoke or combustion products.
(e) Temperature classification. The temperature sensitive elements of single- and multiple-station fire alarm devices are to be identified as to their temperature of operation as follows:
TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION RATING RANGE,
°F (°C)MAXIMUM CEILING TEMPERATURE,
°F (°C)Ordinary 135-174 (57-79) 100 (38) Intermediate 175-225 (79-107) 150 (66) The maximum rating of a fire alarm device is to be not more than 225°F (107°C).
(f) Differing constructions. A control unit having materials or forms of construction differing from this standard may be investigated and tested according to the intent of this standard, and if found to be substantially equivalent may be given recognition for approval and listing. The office of the State Fire Marshal shall be consulted for general requirements and performance standards.
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CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
purposes.
(c) Control unit. A control unit covered by this standard consists of a unit assembly of electrical parts having provisions for the connection of power-supply circuits routed through the control unit equipment by a prescribed scheme of circuitry; signal initiating circuits extended to separate devices by which the operating parts of the control unit are actuated for signals, and to incorporated or separate devices by which the signals are transmitted or indicated to form a coordinated combination system for definite signaling service.
TEST REPORTS
Sec. 12-72-101.
(a) Test report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Section 12-72102 (a) through (u); it shall include wiring, diagrams, operating manuals and photographs as set forth in Section 12-72-102 (a), Items 5 and 6; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with Sections 12-72-103 (a) through (g) and the results thereof; and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating required by Section 12-72-107.
(b) Listed devices. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.
The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking, the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices when installed in combination with other devices in a control unit or in a circuit extended from such control unit shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.
(c) Listed control units. Control units which by their design are intended to fully comply with the Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary, Remote Station and Local Protective Association may be investigated and tested in accordance with the Standards for Safety established by Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc., U.L. 864, provided such investigation, test and report incorporates the provisions of the California Electrical Code.
(d) Rejection for cause. Compliance with these standards will not necessarily mean approval and listing, if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which may impair the result intended by these regulations. Unusual constructions may require application of additional performance tests. The State Fire Marshal may refuse to approve any item for cause.
(e) Systems only. The standard applies to protective signaling systems as defined in the California Electrical Code, and systems or systems components for which application for approval and listing has been filed under the provisions of the California Electrical Code.
This standard does not cover manual stations, automatic detectors, automatic transmitters or other actuating devices; nor does it cover separately listed bells, registers or other indicating devices which are not provided as a part of the control unit or matched against the output of sound-reproducing equipment.
(f) Differing constructions. A control unit having materials or forms of construction differing from this standard may be investigated and tested according to the intent of this standard, and if found to be substantially equivalent may be given recognition for approval and listing. The office of the State Fire Marshal shall be consulted for general requirements and performance standards.
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PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
GENERAL
Sec. 12-72-102.
(a) **Investigation—Report.
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
TABLE 12-72-1D—ENDURANCE TEST Col2 Col3 NORMAL SIGNALING PERFORMANCE OF DEVICE TOTAL NUMBER OF
CYCLES DEVICE TO BE
TESTEDCYCLES PER
MINUTEContinuous noncode signal for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 6,000 6 A number of coded or noncode impulses for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 40,000 60 Preliminary coded or noncode signal impulses followed by continuous signal impulses after
each operation of alarm signal initiating device40,000
resetting of device after
each group of 40 impulses—
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12-72-2 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-STATION FIRE ALARM DEVICES MECHANICALLY OPERATED TYPE
STANDARD 12-72-2
STATE FIRE MARSHAL
SCOPE
Sec. 12-72-200.
(a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of single- and multiple-station fire alarm devices intended for indoor installation, and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.
(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
Fire alarm device, multiple station. Two or more gas-operated single station units interconnected by metal tubing to one or more remote alarm-sounding devices.
Fire alarm device, single station. A self-contained fire alarm system comprising a heat detector, an alarm- sounding device and a stored energy source incorporated in one integral package. The basic types are gas- operated units and springwound units.
Gas-operated type. A device having a temperature-sensitive eutectic element; compressed gas, usually in a liquid state in a cylinder; and a sounding means, such as a horn or whistle. When the eutectic element melts, the compressed gas is released in a gaseous state through the alarm-sounding device.
Spring-wound type. A device having a temperature-sensitive bimetal or eutectic element and a spring-wound type mechanism with clapper mounted within a bell housing. The snap action of the bimetal or melting of the eutectic element releases the spring mechanism resulting in a bell-type sound.
TEST REPORTS
Sec. 12-72-201.
(a) Test Report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Sections 1272-201(b) through 12-72-202(g); it shall include operating manuals and photographs. The report shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with this standard and the results thereof.
(b) Instructions and drawings. A copy of the operating and installation instructions and any related drawings is to be furnished with the sample submitted for investigation to be used as a guide in the examination and test of the unit and for this purpose they need not be in final printed form.
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
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12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES
STANDARD 12-72-1
STATE FIRE MARSHAL
SCOPE
Sec. 12-72-100.
(a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of the protective signaling systems to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal as set forth in the California Electrical Code, and when applicable shall be reported on in their entirety by the approved testing laboratory.
(b) Systems. This standard covers electrically operated devices and control units designed to transmit and sound alarms, supervisory and trouble signals to be employed in ordinary indoor locations in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary and Local Protective Signaling Systems, Remote Station, Nos. 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D, and the California Electrical Code. This includes combination protective signaling systems employing nonsupervised sounding circuits; combination fire alarm-communication, -program and -clock systems (hereinafter referred to as combination signaling systems); and audible devices used for both alarm and program or communication
purposes.
(c) Control unit. A control unit covered by this standard consists of a unit assembly of electrical parts having provisions for the connection of power-supply circuits routed through the control unit equipment by a prescribed scheme of circuitry; signal initiating circuits extended to separate devices by which the operating parts of the control unit are actuated for signals, and to incorporated or separate devices by which the signals are transmitted or indicated to form a coordinated combination system for definite signaling service.
TEST REPORTS
Sec. 12-72-101.
(a) Test report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Section 12-72102 (a) through (u); it shall include wiring, diagrams, operating manuals and photographs as set forth in Section 12-72-102 (a), Items 5 and 6; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with Sections 12-72-103 (a) through (g) and the results thereof; and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating required by Section 12-72-107.
(b) Listed devices. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.
The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking, the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices when installed in combination with other devices in a control unit or in a circuit extended from such control unit shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.
CRSC § 0.5 High relevance — show source text
is referenced, a copy of the specification is to be provided for review. A failure rate of 0.5 failure per million hours for nonsupervised components would be acceptable. 4. The data required in the preceding paragraph shall include the following: A. Component fault analysis. Effect of failure, open and short, particularly of capacitors, on operation of a detector. B. A description of any component screening and burn-in test, if available. C. Amount of derating of components under normal standby and alarm conditions. A derating of 50 percent or more is acceptable for all components except for electrolytic capacitors. See also Table 12-72-3F. D. Component failure rate data at rated values and derated values. This may be in the form of a reference to a MilSpec. handbook or equivalent. E. Maximum ratings for components. F. Any other data, not included above, which will provide an equivalent reliability analysis.
DETECTOR RATED VOLTAGE, NAMEPLATE TEST VOLTAGE 110 to 120 120 220 to 240 240 Other Marked Rating - Unless specifically specified otherwise, the test voltage for each test of a detector shall be as follows at rated frequency:
- The following samples are used to perform the tests of this standard: A. At least 20 assembled detectors fully representative of production units. B. One additional unassembled detector fully representative of production units. C. Five additional samples of detectors employing a radioactive source. These may be partial assemblies illustrating the radioactive source installation.
D. Three control units and/or power supplies if the detectors are intended specifically to be employed with a specific unit or power supply. E. The monitoring instrument or reference to a commonly available meter intended to monitor sensitivity of a detector.
(b) Normal operation.
A detector shall be capable of operating for all conditions of its intended performance at all sensitivity settings when employed in conjunction with any related power supply or control unit with which it is intended to be employed and indicating devices to form the system combination covered by the installation wiring diagram and any supplementary information provided.
The test voltage shall be in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and the combustion products detector shall be in the normal circuit supervisory standby condition and prepared for normal signaling operation when it is connected to related devices and circuits.
The introduction of combustion products into the detector chamber such as produced by a smoldering cotton lamp wick, rope or equivalent, shall result in the operation of the detector in its intended manner. Section 12-72-303 (p), Item 2.
(c) Power input and output. The input or output current of each circuit of a combustion products detector shall not exceed the marked rating by more than 10 percent when the detector is operated under the conditions of normal use and with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.
(d) Electrical supervision.
- All nonreliable components such as electronic tube heaters, blower motors, capacitors, functional heating elements, etc., the failure of which may result in an open or shorted condition shall be electrically supervised. See Sections 12-72-302 (e); 12-72-303 (a), Item 3; 12-72-303 (e) and 12-72-303 (s).
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
(b) Normal operation.
A detector shall be capable of operating for all conditions of its intended performance at all sensitivity settings when employed in conjunction with any related power supply or control unit with which it is intended to be employed and indicating devices to form the system combination covered by the installation wiring diagram and any supplementary information provided.
The test voltage shall be in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and the combustion products detector shall be in the normal circuit supervisory standby condition and prepared for normal signaling operation when it is connected to related devices and circuits.
The introduction of combustion products into the detector chamber such as produced by a smoldering cotton lamp wick, rope or equivalent, shall result in the operation of the detector in its intended manner. Section 12-72-303 (p), Item 2.
(c) Power input and output. The input or output current of each circuit of a combustion products detector shall not exceed the marked rating by more than 10 percent when the detector is operated under the conditions of normal use and with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.
(d) Electrical supervision.
All nonreliable components such as electronic tube heaters, blower motors, capacitors, functional heating elements, etc., the failure of which may result in an open or shorted condition shall be electrically supervised. See Sections 12-72-302 (e); 12-72-303 (a), Item 3; 12-72-303 (e) and 12-72-303 (s).
All electrical circuits formed by conductors extending from the installation wiring connections for interconnecting to a power supply or system control units the failure of which may result in an open or ground fault shall be electrically supervised either at the detector or at the control unit to which a detector would be connected. See Section 12-72-302 (e).
The requirements of Sections 12-72-392 (d), Items 1 and 2, do not apply to the following: A. Trouble indicating circuits. B. The circuits of a detector employed only for releasing device service if the fault results in the same operation of the unit as that obtained by detection of combustion products.
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PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
C. A circuit for a supplementary signal annunciator, signal sounding appliance, motor controller or similar appliance provided that a break or a ground fault in no way affects the normal operation of the unit except for omission of the supplementary feature.
(e) Electrical supervision test.
- The electrical circuits formed by conductors extending from the installation wiring connections of a detector for interconnection to a power supply source or system control unit initiating device circuit shall be electrically supervised so that the detector trouble signal or circuit is energized under any of the following fault conditions if the fault prevents normal operation of the detector for fire alarm signals. A. Single open or single ground fault of the connecting field wiring. B. Failure of a nonreliable component. See Sections 12-72-303 (d), Item 1; 12-72-303 (a), Item 3; and 12-72-303 (s).
- A motor included in a detector, such as a blower motor which is required to operate continuously during normal operation, shall be supervised to indicate stalling or burnout.
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
but are to be samples that have been subjected to the complete production soldering process. The test potential is to be obtained from a suitable transformer, the output voltage of which can be regulated. The potential is to be increased gradually from zero, at the rate, of approximate 75 volts per second, until dielectric breakdown occurs. Three different locations on each sample, with different spacings between conductors, if possible, are to be tested. The locations selected are to be the same for all samples. The average dielectric breakdown potentials for each group of six samples for each location is to be determined. The average value for each location for the samples that have been conditioned is to be not less than 80 percent of the average value for the corresponding location for the samples that have not been conditioned.
RELAYS FOR PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SERVICE
Sec. 12-72-105.
(a) Test conditions. Relays which have not been qualified as approved for use with protective signaling systems by investigation and report from an approved listing agency shall have its suitability for use in a protective signaling system evidenced by an investigation and report by an approved testing laboratory which shall include certification that the relay conforms to the minimum requirements of the California Electrical Code. The test report shall include, but is not limited to:
Over- and under-voltage operation per the California Electrical Code.
The insulation of coil windings of relays shall be such as to resist the absorption of moisture.
Temperature readings on the coil and insulation under normal operation at a constant temperature (temperature may be considered constant when three succeeding readings at not less than 5 minute intervals indicate no change in temperature).
Overload test consisting of 50 operations at 115 percent of rated voltage with a test load being that which the relay is to handle.
Endurance test consisting of 40,000 cycles of coded or noncoded signal impulses at rated load and voltage.
Dielectric strength test without breakdown by application of 60 cycle a.c. at twice rated voltage plus 1,000 volts for a period not less than 1 minute.
(b) Acceptance criteria. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure, nor any undue pitting, burning or welding of contact during any test.
SEMICONDUCTOR TESTS
Sec. 12-72-106.
(a) General. Semiconductors shall be investigated to determine their suitability for application under all the environmental conditions to which they will be exposed in service.
The performance tests of the complete device are intended to show the effects of these conditions. The prescribed tests may be supplemented where conditions exceeding those represented by the tests indicated herein may be encountered.
(b) Test procedure.
- Temperature. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test and operated in an oven at 85°C. It is then to be operated in a refrigerator at 0°C. After temperature equilibrium has been maintained in both cases, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
- Humidity. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test, and placed in a humidity cabinet maintained at 85 percent humidity, 32°C, for a period of 48 hours. At the end of this time, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
- Transient voltage. The system combination shall be subjected to the transient voltages caused by the collapse of the field of a 2-kilovolt-ampere transformer switched on and off on a random basis for 500 cycles.
- **Acceptance criteria.
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
- Endurance test consisting of 40,000 cycles of coded or noncoded signal impulses at rated load and voltage.
- Dielectric strength test without breakdown by application of 60 cycle a.c. at twice rated voltage plus 1,000 volts for a period not less than 1 minute.
(b) Acceptance criteria. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure, nor any undue pitting, burning or welding of contact during any test.
SEMICONDUCTOR TESTS
Sec. 12-72-106.
(a) General. Semiconductors shall be investigated to determine their suitability for application under all the environmental conditions to which they will be exposed in service.
The performance tests of the complete device are intended to show the effects of these conditions. The prescribed tests may be supplemented where conditions exceeding those represented by the tests indicated herein may be encountered.
(b) Test procedure.
- Temperature. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test and operated in an oven at 85°C. It is then to be operated in a refrigerator at 0°C. After temperature equilibrium has been maintained in both cases, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
- Humidity. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test, and placed in a humidity cabinet maintained at 85 percent humidity, 32°C, for a period of 48 hours. At the end of this time, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
- Transient voltage. The system combination shall be subjected to the transient voltages caused by the collapse of the field of a 2-kilovolt-ampere transformer switched on and off on a random basis for 500 cycles.
- Acceptance criteria. There shall be no adverse effects on the system combination and the unit shall operate as intended.
(c) Temperature. A semiconductor shall be operated so as to obtain not more than 75 percent of its rated operating temperature during the normal supervisory condition indicated in Section 12-72-103 (b), Item 5. The rated operating temperature of a semiconductor shall not be exceeded under any condition of operation of the complete unit which produces the maximum temperature dissipation of its components, including the over-voltage test described in Section 12-72-103 (k), Items 1 and 2, and the variable ambient temperature test described in Section 12-72-106 (b), Item 1.
ELECTRICAL RATING
Sec. 12-72-107. The electrical rating of a control unit or combination signaling system shall be marked as provided in Section 12-72102 (b). The following ratings shall be marked on the nameplate or may be marked on supplemental labels at the terminal strips:
(a) Each power supply circuit—the voltage, frequency and maximum input in amperes or watts.
(b) Each alarm initiating circuit—maximum current output and maximum open-circuit voltage if different than the power supply circuit.
(c) Each control unit audible alarm or indicating circuit—maximum current output and the maximum open-circuit voltage if different than the power supply circuit.
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(d) Each combination signaling system sound reproducing control audible alarm circuit-output rating in watts.
(e) Supplementary—device circuit—maximum current load that may be connected, and the voltage and frequency of supply power other than that of the control unit.
CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
12-72-3 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
SMOKE DETECTORS, COMBUSTION PRODUCTS TYPE
STANDARD 12-72-3
STATE FIRE MARSHAL
SCOPE
Sec. 12-72-300.
(a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of combustion products detectors of other than the photoelectric type to be employed in ordinary indoor locations and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.
(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
Alarm signal. A signal intended to indicate an emergency fire condition.
Annunciator. Integrally mounted or remotely connected visual indicating device intended to indicate an alarm or trouble condition.
Ionization type detector. A device in which the presence of small combustion practices, often invisible to the eye, interfere with the normal ionization current resulting from radiation produced by a radioactive source in the detection chamber. A second chamber, employing a similar ionization source, may also be used to compensate for normal environmental ambient changes.
Ionization-resistance bridge type detector. Employs both ionization and resistance bridge principles in one unit. Additive response from both detector elements is required for detector operation.
Resistance-bridge type detector. Responds to an abnormal rate of increase of combustion products which change the impedance of second similar plate may be employed to compensate for normal ambient changes.
Sensitivity. Relative degree of response of a detector. A high sensitivity denotes response to a lower concentration of combustion than a low sensitivity under identical fire test conditions.
Trouble signal. A visual or audible signal intended to indicate a fault or trouble condition, such as an open or ground fault, occurring in the device or connected wiring.
Voltage classification. A. Low voltage. A circuit classified as low voltage is one involving a potential of not more than 30 volts alternating current (42.4 peak) or direct current, and supplied from a circuit whose power is limited to a maximum of 100 volt
amperes. B. High voltage. A circuit classified as high voltage is one having circuit characteristics in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit.
TEST REPORTS
Sec. 12-72-301.
(a) The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Sections 12-72-302 (a) through 12-72302 (t); it shall include wiring diagrams, operating manuals and photographs; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with this standard and the results thereof and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating.
(b) Listed components. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.
The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking; the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.
(c) Listed detectors. Detectors which have been tested to any other acceptable test standard may be evaluated provided such test incorporates all features of this standard.
CRSC § 12-72303 High relevance — show source text
The applied potential is to be increased gradually from zero until the required test value is reached and is to be held at that value for 1 minute.
(p) Abnormal operation.
A detector shall be capable of operating continuously under abnormal conditions without resulting in a fire hazard.
To determine if a detector complies with the requirement of Item 1, it is to be operated under the most severe abnormal conditions liable to be encountered in service while connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72303 (a), Item 5. Emission of flame or molten metal, or any other manifestation of a fire hazard, is considered to be a failure.
In determining if a detector complies with the requirement with respect to circuit-fault conditions, the fault condition is to be maintained continuously until constant temperatures are attained, or until burnout occurs, if the fault does not result in the operation of an overload protective device. Shorting of electrolytic capacitors would represent a typical fault.
(q) Transient tests.
- Two detectors shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected to 500 externally induced and 500 internally induced transients while energized from a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and connected to the devices normally used with the unit.
- The primary of a 120/240 volt, 60 Hz, 2 kilovolt-amperes (kVA) isolating power transformer, with the secondary open circuited, is to be connected to the same branch circuit as the detector. The input to the transformer is to be de-energized for approximately 1 second by an automatic switching device at a rate of not more than 6 cycles per minute for 500 cycles. During the test the detector is to be operated for normal signaling performance to determine whether transients, generated by the random collapse of the magnetic field of the transformer, resulted in a component failure or other adverse effect.
148 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
- The electrical characteristics of the testing transformer are as follows:
Col1 VOLTAGE FREQUENCY INDUCTANCE (L)
MILLIHENRIESQUALITY
FACTOR QDC RESISTANCE (R)
OHMS (23°C)Primary winding 120 1,000 21.2 11.50 0.244 Secondary winding 240 1,000 109.3 4.65 0.371 - Two detectors are to be energized in the normal standby condition while connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, which is to be interrupted for approximately 1 second at a rate of not more than 6 cycles per minute for a total of 500 cycles. Following the test the detector is operated for normal signaling performance.
California Referenced Standards Code High relevance — show source text
20|21/2| |W-12-M-21|12″|Core: clay or shale structural tile; see
Notes 3, 6, 16, 18; no facings.|80 psi|5 hrs||1||1, 20|5| |W-12-M-22|12″|Core: clay or shale structural tile; see
Notes 3, 6, 16, 19; no facings.|80 psi|3 hrs||1||1, 20|3| |W-12-M-23|12″|Core: 8″, 70% solid clay or shale struc-
tural tile; 4″ brick facings on one side.|80 psi|10 hrs||1||1, 20|10| |W-12-M-24|12″|Core: 8″, 70% solid clay or shale struc-
tural tile; 4″ brick facings on one side.|N/A|11 hrs||1||1|11| |W-12-M-25|12″|Core: 8″, 40% solid clay or shale struc-
tural tile; 4″ brick facings on one side.|80 psi|6 hrs||1||1, 20|6| |W-12-M-26|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 1, 9,
15, 16, 20; no facings.|80 psi|2 hrs||1||1, 20|2| |W-12-M-27|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 2,
18, 26, 34, 41; no facings.|80 psi|5 hrs||1||1, 20|5| |W-12-M-28|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 2,
19, 26, 31, 41; no facings.|80 psi|1 hr
30 min||1||1, 20|11/2| |W-12-M-29|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 2,
18, 26, 31, 41; no facings.|80 psi|4 hrs||1||1, 20|4| |W-12-M-30|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 3,
19, 27, 31, 43; no facings.|80 psi|2 hrs||1||1, 20|2| |W-12-M-31|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 3,
18, 27, 31, 43; no facings.|80 psi|5 hrs||1||1, 20|5| |W-12-M-32|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 2,
19, 26, 32, 43; no facings.|80 psi|25 min||1||1, 20|1/3| |W-12-M-33|12″|Cored concrete masonry; see Notes 2,
18, 26, 32, 43; no facings.|80 psi|25 min||1||1, 20|1/3| |W-12-M-34|121/2″|Core: solid clay or shale brick;1/2″ of 1:3
sanded gypsum plaster facings on one
side.|160 psi|10 hrs||1||1,CRSC § 0-150 High relevance — show source text
In no case is the wire
to be smaller than No. 14 AWG.
2. At fixed parts of rigidly clamped special assemblies of live parts and insulating separators (such as contact springs on relays or cam switches) that are wired at the factory, the
spacings may be less than those indicated, but not less than1/16 inch for 0-150 volts, and not less than3/32 inch for 151-300 volts, through air and over surface, except as noted
in the following footnotes.
3. Nor less than 3/64 inch through air and over surface for 250 volts or less if the equipment which the component part controls does not consume more than 375 volt-amperes or
more than 5 amperes.
4. Not less than1/32 inch through air and over surface for a circuit involving a potential or not more than 30 volts and supplied by a primary battery or by a standard Class 2 trans-
former or by a suitable combination of transformer and fixed impedance having output characteristics in compliance with what is required for a Class 2 transformer.
5. The spacing through air at installation-wiring terminals may be less than1/4 inch but not less than 1/8 inch if the terminals are recessed in insulating material or have insulating
barriers so as to confine loose strands of conductors sufficiently to make it unlikely that the terminals will be grounded or short-circuited.|2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 121
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
TABLE 12-72-1D—ENDURANCE TEST Col2 Col3 NORMAL SIGNALING PERFORMANCE OF DEVICE TOTAL NUMBER OF
CYCLES DEVICE TO BE
TESTEDCYCLES PER
MINUTEContinuous noncode signal for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 6,000 6 A number of coded or noncode impulses for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 40,000 60 Preliminary coded or noncode signal impulses followed by continuous signal impulses after
each operation of alarm signal initiating device40,000
resetting of device after
each group of 40 impulses—
60Relays 40,000 60 122 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE
on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.
12-72-2 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-STATION FIRE ALARM DEVICES MECHANICALLY OPERATED TYPE
STANDARD 12-72-2
STATE FIRE MARSHAL
SCOPE
Sec. 12-72-200.
(a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of single- and multiple-station fire alarm devices intended for indoor installation, and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.
Frequently asked questions
What exactly must be attached to the sample I send to the lab?
You must furnish a copy of the operating and installation instructions and any related drawings with the sample; they need not be final printed form. The test report must include engineering data, an analysis comparing the design to the standard, operating manuals, photographs, and the tests performed and results. § 12‑72‑201(a–b).
Are draft instructions acceptable or must they be the final manual?
Draft instructions are acceptable — the instructions/drawings “need not be in final printed form” when furnished with the sample. § 12‑72‑201(b).
Does this standard apply to electrically operated single‑station alarms?
No. Electrically operated single‑ or multiple‑station fire alarm devices actuated by heat, smoke or combustion products are not covered by this mechanically‑operated device standard. § 12‑72‑201(d).
What happens if my device uses an unusual material or mechanism?
The State Fire Marshal may require additional performance tests and may refuse approval for cause if the device has features that impair the intended result. Consult SFM early for novel designs. § 12‑72‑201(c), (f).
Do listed components mean I can skip tests?
Listed components previously tested by an approved listing agency need not be retested individually, but the test report must identify such components (catalog number, listing agency, test report number/date) and the assembled device must still be evaluated for performance as a combination. See § 12‑72‑101(b) and § 12‑72‑301(b) for how listed components are handled in related standards.
More in California Referenced Standards Code
- Administration and scope — CRSC Chapter 12 overview
- Air filter standards (Chapter 12‑71)
- Building and facility access / accessibility standards (Chapters 12‑11A, 12‑11B)
- Engineering regulations — quality and design of construction materials (12‑16 series)
- Exits and means of egress (Chapters 12‑10 series)
- Protective signaling systems and detectors (Chapters 12‑72‑1, ‑2, ‑3)
- Radiation shielding standards (Chapter 12‑31C)
- Referenced standards index / cross‑reference table (Part 12 listing of referenced standards)
- Releasing systems for security bars (egress-release standards)
- Standards for insulating materials (Chapter 12‑13)
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California Referenced Standards Code