Test method, timing, and smoke-density measurement

Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

• CRSC § 12-71 High relevance — show source text

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  DESCRIPTION OF TEST APPARATUS, METHOD AND CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR FILTERS

  Sec. 12-71-100.

  (a) Test apparatus.

  1. The test duct, made of M.S. gage galvanized sheet metal reinforced with angle irons, is 21 inches square (13 548 mm [2] ) and 13 [1] / 2 feet (4114 mm) long.
  2. One end of the duct is tapered to the discharge of a variable-speed blower and the other end is open to discharge. A metal filter frame is provided near the middle of the length of the duct to receive one 20 by 20 inches (508 mm by 508 mm) (nominal) filter unit. Two tightfitting doors, located to permit access to the filter frame, are each provided with a mica window to permit observation of both faces of the filter and conditions in the duct downstream from the filter.
  3. Two 1-inch (25 mm) pipe elbows, about 18 inches (457 mm) from the base of the test filter, form gas burner outlets adjusted to provide yellow, wavering flames. The burners consume approximately 4 cubic feet (approximately 1,000 Btu/cubic feet) of gas per minute.
  4. With the filter in place the air velocity is adjusted to approximately 200 linear feet per minute as measured at the discharge end of the duct by an Alnor Velometer Anemometer.

  (b) Test method.

  1. Filters are tested clean, that is, unused. The flames are applied for 3 minutes during which time observations are made of both faces of the filter as to the downstream travel of flame or sparks and the density, duration and character of the products of combustion.

  2. Smoke density is measured as the drop in light intensity on a microammeter by means of photoelectric cell mounted a few inches below and about 12 inches (305 mm) inside the discharge end of the duct. The light source, stabilized for light intensity, is mounted 1 inch (25 mm) above the duct directly above the photoelectric cell. The microammeter readings are recorded every 5 seconds for the first minute and every 10 seconds for the next 2 minutes.

  3. The differences between these readings and the readings taken before the test are plotted against time (the scale being 40 μA and 40 seconds to the inch) with the resulting area under the curve being measured by use of a planimeter or calculated mathematically. This area is a measure of the smoke density produced during the test.

  (c) Classification. As a result of the tests, air filter units are classified as Class 1 or 2 as indicated below:

  1. Class 1 air filter units are those which, when clean, do not produce flames or sparks when attacked by flame and which develop areas under the smoke density curves that are less than 1.5 square inches (967 mm [2] ).
  2. Class 2 air filter units are those which, when clean, burn moderately when attacked by flame or emit moderate amounts of smoke or both. These units, although they may be consumed to some extent, do not project flames or extensive sparks that would ignite adjacent combustible materials beyond the discharge end of the duct during the test and do not develop areas under the smoke density curves that are more than 6.0 square inches (3871 mm [2] ).

  (d) Adhesive coatings. Liquid-adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point of 325°F (163°C) Cleveland open cup tester, or higher.

• CRSC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text

  The wick end is to be cut square and smoldering initiated by momentarily placing the wick end over a horizontally mounted resistive heater element energized to a dull red color. Smoldering may be promoted by passing a slow current of air over the wick end. The smoldering end is to be cut away approximately [1] / 4 inch (6 mm) above the charred section prior to conducting a succeeding trial. The smoldering rate of the wick is to be such that the visible smoke obscuration increases at an approximate uniform rate of 1.5 ± 0.2 percent per foot (0.0329 0.001 optical density per foot).

  (g) Test equipment and methods.

  1. The visible smoke obscuration (optical density) in the test compartment is to be measured by means of a direct current (DC) type microammeter having a maximum internal resistance of 100 ohms used with a barrier type selenium photovoltaic cell, enclosed in a hermetically sealed case. The meter and cell are used in conjunction with the light produced by a tungsten filament automotive type lamp rated 6 volts and energized from a regulated supply to provide a light beam of uniform flux density. The photoelectric cell and lamp are to be spaced 5 feet (1524 mm) apart. The following equations are to be used: A. At any distance, the percent obscuration per foot will be: O u = [1 – ( T s /T c ) [1] [/d] ] 100

  where:

  O u = Percent obscuration per foot.

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke.

  1. Figure in parentheses denotes optical density per foot.
  2. A meter suitable for this purpose is Weston Instrument Model 622 in conjunction with a Model 594 RR Photronic Cell.

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  PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clear air.

  d = Distance in feet (m × 3.33). B. The percent obscuration of light for the full length beam at any distance will be:

  O d = [1 – ( T s /T c )] 100

  where:

  O d = Percent obscuration at distance d .

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke.

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clean air. C. When the percent obscuration per foot is known, the percent obscuration for the full length of any longer beam can be determined by the following: O d = [1 – [1 – ( O u /100)] [d] ] 100

  where:

  O d = Percent obscuration at distance d . O u = Percent obscuration per foot.

  d = Distance in feet (m × 3.33).

  D. At any distance, the total optical density will be:

  OD t = Logo 10 ( T c /T s )

  where:

  OD t = Optical density.

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clear air.

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke. E. At any distance, the optical density per foot will be:

• CRSC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text

  2. Smoke density is measured as the drop in light intensity on a microammeter by means of photoelectric cell mounted a few inches below and about 12 inches (305 mm) inside the discharge end of the duct. The light source, stabilized for light intensity, is mounted 1 inch (25 mm) above the duct directly above the photoelectric cell. The microammeter readings are recorded every 5 seconds for the first minute and every 10 seconds for the next 2 minutes.
  3. The differences between these readings and the readings taken before the test are plotted against time (the scale being 40 μA and 40 seconds to the inch) with the resulting area under the curve being measured by use of a planimeter or calculated mathematically. This area is a measure of the smoke density produced during the test.

  (c) Classification. As a result of the tests, air filter units are classified as Class 1 or 2 as indicated below:

  1. Class 1 air filter units are those which, when clean, do not produce flames or sparks when attacked by flame and which develop areas under the smoke density curves that are less than 1.5 square inches (967 mm [2] ).
  2. Class 2 air filter units are those which, when clean, burn moderately when attacked by flame or emit moderate amounts of smoke or both. These units, although they may be consumed to some extent, do not project flames or extensive sparks that would ignite adjacent combustible materials beyond the discharge end of the duct during the test and do not develop areas under the smoke density curves that are more than 6.0 square inches (3871 mm [2] ).

  (d) Adhesive coatings. Liquid-adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point of 325°F (163°C) Cleveland open cup tester, or higher.

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  12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

  STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES

  STANDARD 12-72-1

  STATE FIRE MARSHAL

  SCOPE

  Sec. 12-72-100.

  (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of the protective signaling systems to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal as set forth in the California Electrical Code, and when applicable shall be reported on in their entirety by the approved testing laboratory.

  (b) Systems. This standard covers electrically operated devices and control units designed to transmit and sound alarms, supervisory and trouble signals to be employed in ordinary indoor locations in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary and Local Protective Signaling Systems, Remote Station, Nos. 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D, and the California Electrical Code. This includes combination protective signaling systems employing nonsupervised sounding circuits; combination fire alarm-communication, -program and -clock systems (hereinafter referred to as combination signaling systems); and audible devices used for both alarm and program or communication

  purposes.

• CRSC § 2-0 Medium relevance — show source text

  The spontaneous ignition of this newspaper will provide a visual indication of flashover. It determines both the extent to which the wall and ceiling materials or assemblies may contribute to fire growth in a compartment and the potential for fire spread beyond the compartment under the particular conditions simulated. It does not measure the contribution of the furnishing materials.

  (b) Fire measurements. The potential for the spread of fire to other objects in the enclosure interior, remote from the ignition source, is evaluated by measurements of:

  1. The total heat flux incident at the center of the floor.

  2. A characteristic upper level gas temperature in the test compartment.

  (c) Fire spread potential. The potential for the spread of fire to objects outside the compartment of origin is evaluated by the measurement of the total rate of heat release of the fire.

  (d) Smoke measurements. Measurements of the rate of production of carbon monoxide and visible smoke are taken.

  (e) Photographic record. The overall performance of the test specimen is to be visually documented by full color photographic records. Videotaping of the complete fire test may be done as an alternate to the continuous photographic record. Such records may show when each area of the test specimen becomes involved in the fire.

  (f) Photographic Specification. Photographic equipment shall be used to continuously record the fire spread in the room and the fire projection from the door of the room. The location of the camera must avoid interference with the air inflow.

  Note: A window, cut 2-0 above the floor wall facing the gas burner, fitted with heat-resistant, impact-resistant glazing provides useful photographic access. Flood lights should not raise the ambient temperature in the room above that specified in Section 128-110. The interior wall surfaces of the test room, adjacent to the corner in which the burner is located, shall be clearly marked with a 12-inch (305 mm) grid. A clock shall appear in all photographic records, giving the time to the nearest second (or 0.01

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  FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS FOR FIRE PROTECTION

  minute) from the start of the test. This clock shall be accurately synchronized with all other measurements, or other provisions shall be made to correlate the photographic record with time. Color slides shall also be taken at 15-second intervals for the first 3 minutes of the test and at a minimum of 30-second intervals thereafter for the duration of the test.

  REPORT

  Sec. 12-8-103. The report shall include the following items:

  1. Material description. The name, thickness, density and size of the material shall be listed, along with other identifying characteristics or labels.

  2. Materials mounting and conditioning.

  3. Layout of specimens and attachments in test room.

  4. Relative humidity and temperature of the room and the test building prior to and during the test.

  5. The fuel gas flow to the ignition burner and its calculated rate of gross heat output.

  6. The total incident heat flux at the center of the floor shall be reported for each heat flux gage as a function of time starting 1 minute prior to the test.

  7. The temperature of gases in the room, the doorway, and in the exhaust duct shall be reported for each thermocouple as a function of time starting 1 minute prior to the test. The temperature recorded by the thermocouple in the duct will be used in the required calculation.
• CRSC § 410-66. Medium relevance — show source text

  Insulation boards exclusive of facings and membranes shall not exceed the following values:

  Flame spread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Smoke developed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (i) Mineral fiber in loose fill form.

  1. Composition. Mineral fiber insulation shall be made from mineral substances such as rock, slag or glass processed from a molten state into fibrous form. The insulation shall be mechanically processed to produce a mineral fiber suitable for pneumatic or poured application.

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  2. Thermal performance. Determination of the thermal performance shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C177-76, ANSI/ASTM C236-66 or ANSI/ASTM C518-76 at the manufacturer’s option.
  3. Density. The density shall be determined according to installed design density. All tests shall be conducted at the installed design density.
  4. Resistance to combustion. Loose fill insulation shall comply with the United States General Services Administration insulation standard HH-I-1030B dated August 12, 1980, for flammability and smoldering combustion testing.
  5. Corrosiveness. Corrosiveness shall be determined according to Test Description Number 2. The steel plate in contact with the insulation shall show no greater corrosion than a steel plate in contact with sterile cotton.
  6. Resistance to fungi. Resistance to fungi shall be determined according to Method 508 of the March 10, 1975, edition of the Military Standard for Environmental Test Methods known as MIL-STD-810C, except the spore suspensions shall be prepared using distilled water. The core of gypsum wall board shall be used as the control. After the test exposure, the test samples shall show no more fungal growth than the control material when examined at 40 times magnification.
  7. Odor emission. Odor emission shall be determined according to Test Description Number 1. A detectable odor of objectionable nature observed by two or more of the panel members shall be cause for rejection.
  8. Identification. Each insulation container shall be marked with the type (pouring or pneumatic), the net weight and the manufacturer’s recommendations for installation including minimum thickness, maximum coverage and installed design density to provide the levels of thermal performance shown. Manufacturer’s installation recommendations shall include precautions according to the California Electrical Code Section 410-66. Products which may be used for pressure fill retrofit wall application shall be marked with the recommended wall density to prevent settling and separately marked with the tested thermal performance for such applications.

  (j) Perlite in loose fill form.

  1. Composition. Expanded perlite loose fill insulation shall be produced by the expanding of natural perlite or by heating.
  2. Thermal performance. Determination of the thermal performance shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C177-76, ANSI/ASTM C236-66 or ANSI/ASTM C518-76 at the manufacturer’s option.
  3. Density. Density shall be determined according to installed design density. All tests except the ANSI/ASTM E84-79 test shall be conducted at the installed design density.
  4. **Resistance to combustion.
• CRSC § 12-72 Medium relevance — show source text

  6. The operation of any manual switching part of a detector unit to other than its normal position while the detector unit is in the normal standby condition shall be indicated by a trouble signal, if the off-normal position of the switch interferes with normal operation of the detector unit.
  7. To determine if a detector unit complies with the requirements for electrical supervision, see Section 12-72-303 (d). The detector is to be tested with the representative system combination in its normal supervisory condition, and the type of fault to be detected is then to be introduced. Each fault shall be applied separately, the results noted and the fault removed. The system combination is then to be restored to its normal supervisory condition prior to establishing the next fault.

  (f) Sensitivity test.

  1. A combustion products detector shall operate within the limits specified below when subjected to a smoldering smoke condition using the combustion products and test equipment described in the following paragraphs. If the detector employs a variable sensitivity setting, test measurements are to be made at maximum, minimum and nominal settings.

  A. Visible Smoke Obscuration Limits—

  0.0 percent per foot maximum (0.013) [1]

  0.2 percent per foot minimum (0.001) [1]

  B. Relative Combustion Products Measurement Limits—

  9.0 volts maximum

  1.0 volt minimum

  C. Monitoring Means— Within 25 percent of the operating limits of the detector rating. 2. Combustion products. A mercerized cotton lamp wick, nominally [7] / 8 inch (22 mm) wide by [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) in cross section and secured by an alligator type clip 3 inches (76 mm) below a removable cover assembly is to be employed as the source of combustion products. The wick end is to be cut square and smoldering initiated by momentarily placing the wick end over a horizontally mounted resistive heater element energized to a dull red color. Smoldering may be promoted by passing a slow current of air over the wick end. The smoldering end is to be cut away approximately [1] / 4 inch (6 mm) above the charred section prior to conducting a succeeding trial. The smoldering rate of the wick is to be such that the visible smoke obscuration increases at an approximate uniform rate of 1.5 ± 0.2 percent per foot (0.0329 0.001 optical density per foot).

  (g) Test equipment and methods.

  1. The visible smoke obscuration (optical density) in the test compartment is to be measured by means of a direct current (DC) type microammeter having a maximum internal resistance of 100 ohms used with a barrier type selenium photovoltaic cell, enclosed in a hermetically sealed case. The meter and cell are used in conjunction with the light produced by a tungsten filament automotive type lamp rated 6 volts and energized from a regulated supply to provide a light beam of uniform flux density. The photoelectric cell and lamp are to be spaced 5 feet (1524 mm) apart. The following equations are to be used: A. At any distance, the percent obscuration per foot will be: O u = [1 – ( T s /T c ) [1] [/d] ] 100

  where:

  O u = Percent obscuration per foot.

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke.

• CRSC § 12.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  TABLE BL106.2—THERMAL RESISTANCE OF HEMP-LIMEa	Col2
  DENSITY (pounds per cubic foot)	R-VALUE (ft2× °F × h/Btu per inch of thickness)
  12.5	R-2.10
  15	R-1.86
  20	R-1.54
  25	R-1.20
  For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 1.6 kg/m3. a. Linear interpolation is permitted. Extrapolation is not permitted.	For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 1.6 kg/m3. a. Linear interpolation is permitted. Extrapolation is not permitted.

  BL106.3 Density measurement. Hemp-lime density shall be measured based on approved test samples as follows:

  1. Three samples of the proposed hemp-lime mix shall be placed moist to completely fill a 6-inch by 6-inch by 12-inch (152 mm × 152 mm × 305 mm) form, a 6-inch (152 mm) diameter by 12-inch (305 mm) length form or other approved form, following the application method and procedure that will be used during construction.
  2. Samples shall be removed from the forms within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
  3. Samples shall be cured/dried for a minimum of 14 days in indoor ambient conditions before density determination.

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  APPENDIX BL — HEMP-LIME (HEMPCRETE) CONSTRUCTION

  4. Density shall be determined by Equation BL-2.

  Equation BL-2 ρ = w/V

  where:

  ρ = Density of hemp-lime infill (pounds per cubic foot).

  w = Weight of hemp-lime infill sample (pounds).

  V = Volume of hemp-lime sample (cubic feet).

  BL106.4 Compliance with Section R302.10.1. Hemp-lime infill shall meet the requirements for insulation materials in Section R302.10.1 for flame spread index and smoke-developed index as tested in accordance with ASTM E84.

  SECTION BL107—MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE

  BL107.1 Hemp-lime infill integrity. The integrity of hemp-lime infill and its ability to hold a plaster finish shall be demonstrated with a minimum compressive strength of 29 psi (0.2 MPa). Test results from a specific hemp-lime mix shall be permit-ted to be used for multiple projects.

  BL107.1.1 Demonstration of compressive strength. The compressive strength of the hemp-lime mix shall be demonstrated to the building official before the placement of hemp-lime infill, with compressive strength tests and an associated report by an approved laboratory tested as follows:

  1. Three samples of the proposed hemp-lime mix shall be placed moist to completely fill a 6-inch by 6-inch by 12-inch (152 mm × 152 mm × 305 mm) form, a 6-inch (152mm) diameter by 12-inch (305 mm) length form, or other approved form, following the application method and procedure that will be used during construction.
  2. Samples shall be removed from the forms within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
• California Referenced Standards Code Medium relevance — show source text

  7. Odor emission. Odor emission shall be determined according to Test Description Number 1. A detectable odor of objectionable nature observed by two or more of the panel members shall be cause for rejection. (h) Mineral fiber in board form.
  8. Composition. The basic material shall be made from mineral substances such as rock, slag or glass processed from a molten state into a fibrous form. Insulation shall be composed of mineral fibers with water resistant binder added and formed into flat, rectangular units. Insulation boards shall be uniform in quality, free from defects, such as broken edges, splits or loose materials which would impair its intended use. Roof insulation boards shall have either integral waterproofing treatment or a waterproof coating on one surface. The coating shall be flush with the edges of the sides and may be flush with or extend over both ends.
  9. Thermal performance. Determination of the thermal performance shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C177-76, ANSI/ASTM C236-66 or ANSI/ASTM C518-76 at the manufacturer’s option.
  10. Resistance to combustion. Surface-burning characteristics of materials with facings and membranes intended for exposed applications shall be determined according to ANSI/ASTM E84-79 and shall not exceed the following values:

  Flame spread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Smoke developed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Facings and membranes of materials intended for exposed applications shall be exposed to the flame during the ANSI/ASTM E84-79 test.

  Insulation boards exclusive of facings and membranes shall not exceed the following values:

  Flame spread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Smoke developed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (i) Mineral fiber in loose fill form.

  1. Composition. Mineral fiber insulation shall be made from mineral substances such as rock, slag or glass processed from a molten state into fibrous form. The insulation shall be mechanically processed to produce a mineral fiber suitable for pneumatic or poured application.

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  2. Thermal performance. Determination of the thermal performance shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C177-76, ANSI/ASTM C236-66 or ANSI/ASTM C518-76 at the manufacturer’s option.
  3. Density. The density shall be determined according to installed design density. All tests shall be conducted at the installed design density.
  4. Resistance to combustion. Loose fill insulation shall comply with the United States General Services Administration insulation standard HH-I-1030B dated August 12, 1980, for flammability and smoldering combustion testing.
  5. Corrosiveness. Corrosiveness shall be determined according to Test Description Number 2. The steel plate in contact with the insulation shall show no greater corrosion than a steel plate in contact with sterile cotton.
  6. **Resistance to fungi.
• CRSC § 2.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  BL105.2 Clearance to fireplaces and chimneys. Hemp-lime surfaces adjacent to fireplaces or chimneys shall be finished with not less than ⅜ inch (10 mm) thick plaster of any type permitted by this appendix. Clearance from the face of such plaster to fireplaces and chimneys shall be maintained as required from fireplaces and chimneys to combustibles in Chapter 10, or as required by manufacturer’s instructions, whichever is more restrictive.

  SECTION BL106—THERMAL PERFORMANCE

  BL106.1 Mass walls. Walls with hemp-lime infill shall be classified as mass walls in accordance with Section N1102.2.5 (R402.2.5) and shall meet the R-value requirements for mass walls in Table N1102.1.3 (R402.1.3), when their heat capacity ( C ) is greater than or equal to 6 Btu/ft [2] × °F (123 kJ/m [2] × K) in Equation BL-1.

  Equation BL-1 C = ρ × t × 0.299 Btu/lb × °F

  where:

  C = Heat capacity (Btu/ft [2] × °F).

  ρ = Density of hemp-lime infill (pounds per cubic foot).

  t = Thickness of hemp-lime infill (feet).

  BL106.2 Thermal resistance. Hemp-lime has the unit thermal resistance values in accordance with Table BL106.2. Alternatively, the unit R-value of hemp-lime shall be determined with one of the following tests by an approved laboratory: ASTM C177 ASTM C518, ASTM C1114 or ASTM C1363. Test results from a specific hemp-lime mix shall be permitted to be used for multiple projects.

  TABLE BL106.2—THERMAL RESISTANCE OF HEMP-LIMEa	Col2
  DENSITY (pounds per cubic foot)	R-VALUE (ft2× °F × h/Btu per inch of thickness)
  12.5	R-2.10
  15	R-1.86
  20	R-1.54
  25	R-1.20
  For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 1.6 kg/m3. a. Linear interpolation is permitted. Extrapolation is not permitted.	For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 1.6 kg/m3. a. Linear interpolation is permitted. Extrapolation is not permitted.

  BL106.3 Density measurement. Hemp-lime density shall be measured based on approved test samples as follows:

  1. Three samples of the proposed hemp-lime mix shall be placed moist to completely fill a 6-inch by 6-inch by 12-inch (152 mm × 152 mm × 305 mm) form, a 6-inch (152 mm) diameter by 12-inch (305 mm) length form or other approved form, following the application method and procedure that will be used during construction.
  2. Samples shall be removed from the forms within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
  3. Samples shall be cured/dried for a minimum of 14 days in indoor ambient conditions before density determination.

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  APPENDIX BL — HEMP-LIME (HEMPCRETE) CONSTRUCTION

• CRSC § 12-8 Medium relevance — show source text

  6. The ignition burner shall be shut off at 15 minutes after initiation of the test and the test terminated at that time unless safety considerations dictate an earlier termination.
  7. Photograph and verbally describe the damage after the test.

  FLASHOVER AND SMOKE

  Sec. 12-8-115.

  (a) Flashover. The criterion for acceptable performance shall be that the compartment never reaches flashover at any time during the 15-minute period of ignition source burner operation. Flashover shall be considered to have occurred if one or more of the following conditions occur during the test:

  1. The average ceiling gas temperature, as determined by averaging the temperature at the center and quarter point thermocouples, reaches or exceeds 1112°F (600°C).

  2. The total heat flux at the floor, as determined by either of the total heat flux meters mounted in the geometric center of the floor, reaches or exceeds a value of 1.761 Btu/ft. [2] /sec.

  3. Visible flaming extends from the doorway of the test compartment.

  (b) Smoke. Materials meeting the acceptance criteria of this standard shall have a smoke density rating no greater than 75 when tested in the thickness intended for use by UBC Standard 26-5, or when tested in accordance with UBC Standard 8-1.

  MARKINGS

  Sec. 12-8-116. All materials shall be provided with a manufacturer’s label or other permanent marking clearly identifying the manufacturer label or other permanent marking clearly identifying the manufacturer, the product and model numbers (or brand name). Materials approved and listed by the State Fire Marshal shall be marked as required by Section 1.58, Title 19, C.A.C.

  TABLE 12-8-1A—IGNITION SOURCE RATE OF HEAT RELEASE PROGRAM FOR TESTS OF SAFETY CELL PADDING MATERIALS	Col2
  ELAPSED TEST TIME (Min)	BURNER GROSS RATE OF HEAT RELEASE (KW)
  0	44
  1	88
  2	132
  3	132
  4	88
  5-15	44

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  FIGURE 12-8-1—TIME—MINUTES

  FIGURE 12-8-2—LOCATION OF HEAT FLUX METERS

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  FIGURE 12-8-3—ROOM THERMOCOUPLE LOCATIONS

  Note: Two 0.20 mil. Type K thermocouples at each location.

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  FIGURE 12-8-5—PLAN VIEW OF CANOPY HOOD

• CRSC § 3.33 Medium relevance — show source text

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  PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clear air.

  d = Distance in feet (m × 3.33). B. The percent obscuration of light for the full length beam at any distance will be:

  O d = [1 – ( T s /T c )] 100

  where:

  O d = Percent obscuration at distance d .

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke.

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clean air. C. When the percent obscuration per foot is known, the percent obscuration for the full length of any longer beam can be determined by the following: O d = [1 – [1 – ( O u /100)] [d] ] 100

  where:

  O d = Percent obscuration at distance d . O u = Percent obscuration per foot.

  d = Distance in feet (m × 3.33).

  D. At any distance, the total optical density will be:

  OD t = Logo 10 ( T c /T s )

  where:

  OD t = Optical density.

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clear air.

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke. E. At any distance, the optical density per foot will be:

  OD f = [Logo 10 ( T c /T s )]/ d

  where:

  OD f = Optical density per foot.

  T c = Smoke density meter reading with clear air.

  T s = Smoke density meter reading with smoke.

  d = Distance in feet (m × 3.33). 2. A meter [3] calibrated in volts is to be used to measure the relative buildup of primarily invisible products of combustion. The meter, used with an ionization detecting monitoring head without an alarm indicating circuit, has Americium 241 as the radioactive element. The monitoring head is to be located in the test chamber adjacent to the sample under test 3. Test chamber. The following items refer to Figure 12-72-3-1. A. Cabinet. Plywood, [ 3] / 4 inch (19 mm) thick, except for [1] / 4 inch (6 mm) thick clear plastic front panel. Overall dimensions approximately 69 [1] / 2 inches (1765 mm) long, 18 inches (457 mm) high, 11 inches (279 mm) deep. A center divider forms two equal 8 inches (203 mm) high by 10 inches (254 mm) deep interior compartments. Inside of lower left side of plastic front panel, as well as all interior surfaces of the cabinet are to be painted flat black. Plastic front assembled with rubber gasket. B. Combustible. Cotton wick. See Section 12-72-303 (f), Item 2. Secured by alligator type clip to removable cap which covers a 3 [1] / 4 -inch (82 mm) diameter hole in top of compartment. Cap measures approximately 4 inches square (2580 mm [2] ).

• CRSC § 9.5 Medium relevance — show source text

  2. The specimen shall be suspended vertically with its lower edge 2 inches (51 mm) above the top of a [3] / 8 inch (9.5 mm) diameter Bunsen Burner. The test shall be performed in a draft-free area.

  3. The flames from the burner shall be 4 inches (101 mm) long and shall be adjusted with sufficient air supply to eliminate any yellow flame tips but without any distinct inner blue cone.

  4. The specimen shall be exposed to the flame at each corner and at not less than one other point along the lower edge. Each exposure shall be of sufficient duration to determine if the material will ignite and continue to burn, but shall be not less than 20 seconds.

  5. The criteria for acceptance shall be as follows: (A) There shall be not more than intermittent flaming appreciably beyond the area exposed to the test flame. (B) Flame shall not reach the top of the specimen. (C) On removing the test flame there shall be not more than 1 second of after flaming except there may be nonprogressive flaming of short duration in areas of accumulated char which were directly exposed to the test flame.

  Section 12-7-502

  (a) Framed rigid combustible decorative material. Rigid combustible decorative material and assemblies of materials not more than [1] / 4 inch (6 mm) in thickness used for folding doors, room dividers, decorative screens and similar applications, and which are installed with all edges protected, shall conform to the following:

  1. All exposed edges shall be protected with frames of metal or other noncombustible material, or solid wood of minimum [1] / 4 inch (6 mm) dimension.

  2. The total square foot area of the material shall not exceed ten percent of that of the floor area of the room in which the material is installed.

  3. When tested as follows, flames shall not reach the top edge of the specimen. The test shall be conducted in a draft free area, on a specimen of the material 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) suspended at a 45-degree angle from the horizontal with the upper and lower edges in a horizontal plane. The test flame shall be 3 inches (76 mm) long from a Bunsen burner of approximately [1] / 2 -inch (13 mm) inside diameter with the air supply completely shut off. The burner shall be positioned so that its top is 1 inch (25 mm) vertically below a point on the lower surface of the test specimen, 1 inch (25 mm) up from its lower horizontal edge and midway between the inclined edges. The exposure to the test flame and the duration of test shall be for a period of 2 minutes.

  2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE 35

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  36 2025 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE

  on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

  12-7A MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

  FOR EXTERIOR WILDFIRE EXPOSURE

  EXTERIOR WALL SIDING AND SHEATHING

  SFM STANDARD 12-7A-1

  12-7A-1.1 Application. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein for exterior wall siding and sheathing are those deemed necessary to establish conformance to the provisions of these regulations. Materials and assemblies that meet the performance criteria of this standard are acceptable for use as defined in California Building Standards Code.