CRSC · California Referenced Standards Code

Protective signaling systems and detector test procedures (12‑72 series)

These CRSC standards set minimum construction, testing and reporting rules for fire alarm control units and smoke detectors — including exact test voltages, endurance cycles, humidity/temperature exposures and supervision requirements — and require a detailed test report showing compliance with the listed § tests (see the Standards at **§ 12‑72‑100/101**, **§ 12‑72‑200** and **§ 12‑72‑300** for the full procedures) filefile.

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Last reviewed: July 6, 2026

What the code requires — 2–4 sentences

The 12‑72 series sets the minimum construction, performance and test‑reporting requirements for protective signaling control units and detectors used in indoor fire‑alarm applications. The State Fire Marshal’s Standard 12‑72‑1 (scope and test report requirements) establishes the overall test/report framework — see § 12‑72‑100 and § 12‑72‑101 . Standard 12‑72‑2 covers mechanically operated single‑ and multiple‑station devices (see § 12‑72‑200 et seq.) and Standard 12‑72‑3 governs combustion products (smoke) detectors including sensitivity, endurance, environmental and electrical tests (see § 12‑72‑300 et seq.) file.

The single most important rule: submit full test reports that demonstrate a product meets the specific construction, performance and environmental tests listed in the applicable Standard (see § 12‑72‑101 and § 12‑72‑301 for reporting and required test lists) file.

Requirements in detail

1) Scope & test‑report basics (Standard 12‑72‑1)

  • What it covers: electrically operated control units and devices that transmit alarm, supervisory and trouble signals for indoor protective signaling systems; combination systems are included (see § 12‑72‑100 ) .
  • Test report contents: engineering data, wiring diagrams, operating manuals, photographs, tests performed (referencing the specific test items in the standard) and verification of electrical ratings (see § 12‑72‑101 ) .
  • Listed components: devices already listed by an approved agency need not be retested individually, but the combined unit must still pass performance tests in the standard (see § 12‑72‑101(b) ) .

2) Mechanically operated single‑ and multiple‑station devices (Standard 12‑72‑2)

  • Scope & definitions: single‑station = self‑contained unit (heat detector + sounding device + energy source); multiple‑station = interconnected gas‑operated single units and remote sounding devices (see § 12‑72‑200 ) .
  • Temperature classification and fire‑test layout: performance and time‑temperature curves and oven tests are specified (see table and figures in § 12‑72‑2) .
  • Test report & instructions: operating and installation instructions must accompany submitted samples (see § 12‑72‑201 ) .

3) Combustion‑products (smoke) detectors — construction & tests (Standard 12‑72‑3)

  • Defined terms: Alarm signal, Annunciator, Ionization type detector, Sensitivity, Low voltage and High voltage are explicitly defined (see § 12‑72‑300 ) — bolded terms are defined terms in the standard .
  • Normal operation & sensitivity: detectors must operate for all intended sensitivity settings when connected to specified power supplies; sensitivity is measured using a smoldering wick test and limits are specified (see § 12‑72‑302(b–c) and the sensitivity limits in § 12‑72‑303(f) ) file.
  • Electrical supervision: field wiring and non‑reliable components that could cause open/short faults must be electrically supervised so a trouble signal will appear if normal detector operation would be prevented (see § 12‑72‑302(d–e) ) .
  • Environmental tests: specific humidity, temperature, corrosion, dust and jarring tests are required and numerical pass/fail tolerances are given (see § 12‑72‑302(l–x) ) filefile.
  • Electrical performance tests: dielectric/withstand voltages, over/under voltage operation tolerances, transient immunity and endurance are specified numerically (see § 12‑72‑303(o, k, n) ) file.

Decision‑relevant dimensions & common numeric values

Decision dimension Typical value / limit Code Reference
Endurance cycles (detectors) 6,000 cycles at ≤ 10 cycles/min § 12‑72‑3‑(n)
Endurance cycles (control/relays) 40,000 cycles (relays/coded impulses) Table 12‑72‑1D / § 12‑72‑1
Test voltage for 110–120 V detectors 120 V (test voltage) Detector test table § 12‑72‑303(a)
Over/under voltage test levels 115% (overload for cycle tests); 110% continuous; 85% reduced operation § 12‑72‑3 (m) and § 12‑72‑3 (k) file
Dielectric withstand (high‑voltage) 1,000 V RMS + 2× rated voltage, 1 minute § 12‑72‑3 (o)
Humidity exposure 85% ±5% RH at 30°C for 24 hours § 12‑72‑3 (r)
Variable ambient temperatures 0°C and 49°C (32°F and 120°F) test points; sensitivity within 50% § 12‑72‑3 (l)
Sensitivity limits (smoldering test) Visible smoke obscuration 0.0%/ft max, 0.2%/ft min; relative measurement 1.0–9.0 V § 12‑72‑2 (f) (sensitivity)
Dust exposure ~2 oz cement dust in 3 ft³, 15 min; sensitivity change ≤ +50% toward more sensitive § 12‑72‑3 (t)

(Each numeric entry above is taken from the test procedures and tables in the Standard; see the referenced §§ for full test setups and acceptance criteria.) filefile

Exceptions & special cases

  • Previously listed components: parts already listed by an approved agency need not be retested individually, but their use in a combined control unit must still be validated by the performance tests in the standard (see § 12‑72‑101(b) ) .
  • Detectors excluded: the Standard 12‑72‑3 does not cover duct detectors, flue/stack monitors or photoelectric detectors (photoelectric detectors have separate coverage) — see § 12‑72‑3 (e) .
  • Different constructions: products with differing construction may be tested for “substantial equivalence” at the State Fire Marshal’s discretion (see § 12‑72‑1 (f) and § 12‑72‑3 (f) ) file.
  • Nonreliable components: components whose failure could cause open/short conditions must be electrically supervised or replaced with reliable alternatives (see § 12‑72‑3 (s) ) .

Common mistakes

  • Treating a listed component as automatically clearing the whole control‑unit test matrix — listed parts still require combination testing per § 12‑72‑101(b) .
  • Failing to electrically supervise field wiring or nonreliable components (trouble annunciation required) — see § 12‑72‑302(d–e) .
  • Using incorrect test voltages or failing to perform over/under voltage tests (85%, 110%/115% levels are explicitly required) — see § 12‑72‑3 (k, m) file.
  • Omitting environmental tests (humidity, dust, corrosion, jarring) or not documenting acceptance criteria in the test report — see § 12‑72‑302(r–x) file.
  • Misreading endurance requirements for relays and coded signals — refer to Table 12‑72‑1D for cycles (e.g., 40,000 for relays/coded impulses) .

Worked example — manufacturer test plan for a 120 V ionization detector

Scenario: you must produce a test report showing a 120 V ionization detector (intended for open‑area protection) meets the 12‑72‑3 standard.

Step‑by‑step summary:

  1. Identify the test voltage: for 110–120 V rated detectors use 120 V as the test voltage (see detector test table in § 12‑72‑303(a) ) .
  2. Normal operation/sensitivity: condition and energize samples, run the smoldering wick test, and record response. Sensitivity must fall within the specified limits (visible obscuration and relative volt readings as in § 12‑72‑303(f) ) .
  3. Over/under voltage: energize samples at 110% (continuous for some tests) and verify operation; separately test operation at 85% of nameplate voltage and record sensitivity changes (sensitivity may change but must be within the acceptance criteria in § 12‑72‑3 (k) ) .
  4. Endurance & overload: subject detectors to 6,000 cycles of alarm operation at ≤10 cycles/min and perform the 50‑cycle overload test at 115% of rated nameplate voltage (see § 12‑72‑3 (n, m) ) file.
  5. Dielectric & transient tests: apply the dielectric withstand: 1 minute at 1,000 V RMS + 2× rated voltage between high‑voltage live parts and dead metal; perform transient tests per the transformer collapse procedure in § 12‑72‑3 (o) and related transient specifications (see § 12‑72‑303(o) ) file.
  6. Environmental exposures: humidity 85% RH at 30°C for 24 hours, temperature extremes at 0°C and 49°C, dust exposure and corrosion sequences as specified; after each exposure, re‑measure sensitivity to ensure readings stay within allowed tolerances (see § 12‑72‑3 (l, r, t, x) ) file.
  7. Prepare the test report with wiring diagrams, procedure steps, instruments used, photographs and numerical results mapped to each referenced § (see reporting requirements in § 12‑72‑101 and § 12‑72‑301 ) file.

Related provisions (selected)

  • § 12‑72‑100 — Scope for Standard 12‑72‑1 (protective signaling systems)
  • § 12‑72‑101 — Test report contents and listed devices exemption (Standard 12‑72‑1)
  • § 12‑72‑102 — General investigation and performance test procedures (Standard 12‑72‑1)
  • § 12‑72‑200 — Scope and definitions for Standard 12‑72‑2 (single/multiple station devices)
  • § 12‑72‑201 — Test report contents for mechanically operated devices (Standard 12‑72‑2)
  • § 12‑72‑300 — Scope and definitions for Standard 12‑72‑3 (smoke detectors)
  • § 12‑72‑301 — Detector test report and listed component guidance (Standard 12‑72‑3)
  • Table 12‑72‑1D — Endurance test cycles and rates (Standard 12‑72‑1)

If you want, I can: (a) extract the exact test procedure checklist for a specific detector type (ionization or resistance bridge) from the standard text, or (b) draft the outline of a compliant test report showing where each required item maps to the §§ above. Would you like one of those?

Code references

Grounded in the retrieved California Referenced Standards Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:

  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

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    12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES

    STANDARD 12-72-1

    STATE FIRE MARSHAL

    SCOPE

    Sec. 12-72-100.

    (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of the protective signaling systems to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal as set forth in the California Electrical Code, and when applicable shall be reported on in their entirety by the approved testing laboratory.

    (b) Systems. This standard covers electrically operated devices and control units designed to transmit and sound alarms, supervisory and trouble signals to be employed in ordinary indoor locations in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary and Local Protective Signaling Systems, Remote Station, Nos. 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D, and the California Electrical Code. This includes combination protective signaling systems employing nonsupervised sounding circuits; combination fire alarm-communication, -program and -clock systems (hereinafter referred to as combination signaling systems); and audible devices used for both alarm and program or communication

    purposes.

    (c) Control unit. A control unit covered by this standard consists of a unit assembly of electrical parts having provisions for the connection of power-supply circuits routed through the control unit equipment by a prescribed scheme of circuitry; signal initiating circuits extended to separate devices by which the operating parts of the control unit are actuated for signals, and to incorporated or separate devices by which the signals are transmitted or indicated to form a coordinated combination system for definite signaling service.

    TEST REPORTS

    Sec. 12-72-101.

    (a) Test report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Section 12-72102 (a) through (u); it shall include wiring, diagrams, operating manuals and photographs as set forth in Section 12-72-102 (a), Items 5 and 6; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with Sections 12-72-103 (a) through (g) and the results thereof; and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating required by Section 12-72-107.

    (b) Listed devices. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.

    The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking, the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices when installed in combination with other devices in a control unit or in a circuit extended from such control unit shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.

  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

    but are to be samples that have been subjected to the complete production soldering process. The test potential is to be obtained from a suitable transformer, the output voltage of which can be regulated. The potential is to be increased gradually from zero, at the rate, of approximate 75 volts per second, until dielectric breakdown occurs. Three different locations on each sample, with different spacings between conductors, if possible, are to be tested. The locations selected are to be the same for all samples. The average dielectric breakdown potentials for each group of six samples for each location is to be determined. The average value for each location for the samples that have been conditioned is to be not less than 80 percent of the average value for the corresponding location for the samples that have not been conditioned.

    RELAYS FOR PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SERVICE

    Sec. 12-72-105.

    (a) Test conditions. Relays which have not been qualified as approved for use with protective signaling systems by investigation and report from an approved listing agency shall have its suitability for use in a protective signaling system evidenced by an investigation and report by an approved testing laboratory which shall include certification that the relay conforms to the minimum requirements of the California Electrical Code. The test report shall include, but is not limited to:

    1. Over- and under-voltage operation per the California Electrical Code.

    2. The insulation of coil windings of relays shall be such as to resist the absorption of moisture.

    3. Temperature readings on the coil and insulation under normal operation at a constant temperature (temperature may be considered constant when three succeeding readings at not less than 5 minute intervals indicate no change in temperature).

    4. Overload test consisting of 50 operations at 115 percent of rated voltage with a test load being that which the relay is to handle.

    5. Endurance test consisting of 40,000 cycles of coded or noncoded signal impulses at rated load and voltage.

    6. Dielectric strength test without breakdown by application of 60 cycle a.c. at twice rated voltage plus 1,000 volts for a period not less than 1 minute.

    (b) Acceptance criteria. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure, nor any undue pitting, burning or welding of contact during any test.

    SEMICONDUCTOR TESTS

    Sec. 12-72-106.

    (a) General. Semiconductors shall be investigated to determine their suitability for application under all the environmental conditions to which they will be exposed in service.

    The performance tests of the complete device are intended to show the effects of these conditions. The prescribed tests may be supplemented where conditions exceeding those represented by the tests indicated herein may be encountered.

    (b) Test procedure.

    1. Temperature. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test and operated in an oven at 85°C. It is then to be operated in a refrigerator at 0°C. After temperature equilibrium has been maintained in both cases, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
    2. Humidity. The system combination is to be connected as in the normal operation test, and placed in a humidity cabinet maintained at 85 percent humidity, 32°C, for a period of 48 hours. At the end of this time, the unit shall operate as in the normal operation test.
    3. Transient voltage. The system combination shall be subjected to the transient voltages caused by the collapse of the field of a 2-kilovolt-ampere transformer switched on and off on a random basis for 500 cycles.
    4. **Acceptance criteria.
  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

    PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    TABLE 12-72-1D—ENDURANCE TEST Col2 Col3
    NORMAL SIGNALING PERFORMANCE OF DEVICE TOTAL NUMBER OF
    CYCLES DEVICE TO BE
    TESTED    		 CYCLES PER
    MINUTE
    Continuous noncode signal for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 6,000 6
    A number of coded or noncode impulses for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 40,000 60
    Preliminary coded or noncode signal impulses followed by continuous signal impulses after
    each operation of alarm signal initiating device    		 40,000
    resetting of device after
    each group of 40 impulses    		 —
    60
    Relays 40,000 60

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    12-72-2 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-STATION FIRE ALARM DEVICES MECHANICALLY OPERATED TYPE

    STANDARD 12-72-2

    STATE FIRE MARSHAL

    SCOPE

    Sec. 12-72-200.

    (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of single- and multiple-station fire alarm devices intended for indoor installation, and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.

    (b) Definitions. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:

    1. Fire alarm device, multiple station. Two or more gas-operated single station units interconnected by metal tubing to one or more remote alarm-sounding devices.

    2. Fire alarm device, single station. A self-contained fire alarm system comprising a heat detector, an alarm- sounding device and a stored energy source incorporated in one integral package. The basic types are gas- operated units and springwound units.

    3. Gas-operated type. A device having a temperature-sensitive eutectic element; compressed gas, usually in a liquid state in a cylinder; and a sounding means, such as a horn or whistle. When the eutectic element melts, the compressed gas is released in a gaseous state through the alarm-sounding device.

    4. Spring-wound type. A device having a temperature-sensitive bimetal or eutectic element and a spring-wound type mechanism with clapper mounted within a bell housing. The snap action of the bimetal or melting of the eutectic element releases the spring mechanism resulting in a bell-type sound.

    TEST REPORTS

    Sec. 12-72-201.

    (a) Test Report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Sections 1272-201(b) through 12-72-202(g); it shall include operating manuals and photographs. The report shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with this standard and the results thereof.

    (b) Instructions and drawings. A copy of the operating and installation instructions and any related drawings is to be furnished with the sample submitted for investigation to be used as a guide in the examination and test of the unit and for this purpose they need not be in final printed form.

  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text
    1. Two detectors are to be maintained at each ambient temperature for a sufficient length of time to ensure that thermal equilibrium has been reached. The units are then to be tested for sensitivity while connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.
    2. Sensitivity measurements shall be recorded before and during exposure to each ambient temperature in accordance with the sensitivity test.
    3. Each unit shall operate normally in each ambient. The sensitivity readings measured with the units in each ambient temperature shall be within 50 percent of the value recorded in the normal ambient condition.

    (m) Overload.

    1. A detector shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected to 50 cycles of alarm signal operation at a rate of not more than 6 cycles per minute with the supply circuit to the detector at 115 percent of rated nameplate voltage. Each cycle shall consist of starting with the detector energized in the normal standby condition, initiation of an alarm by smoke or electrical means, and restoration of the detector to normal standby condition.
    2. Rated test loads are to be connected to those output circuits of the detector which are energized from the detector power supply, such as remote indicators, relays, etc. The test loads shall be those devices, or the equivalent, normally intended for connection. If an equivalent load is employed for a device consisting of an inductive load, a power factor of 60 percent is to

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    PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    be employed. The rated loads are established initially with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, following which the voltage is increased to 115 percent of rating. 3. For direct current signaling circuits an equivalent inductive test load is to have the required direct current resistance for the test current and the inductance (calibrated) to obtain a power factor of 60 percent when connected to a 60 Hertz (Hz) alternating current potential equal to the rated direct current test voltage. When the inductive load has both the required direct current resistance and the required inductance, the current measured with the load connected to an alternating current circuit will be equal to 0.6 times the current measured with the load connected to a direct current circuit when the voltage of each circuit is the same.

    1. Separately energized circuits of a detector such as dry contacts shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected for 50 cycles of signal operation at a rate of not more than 6 cycles per minute while connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, with 150 percent rated loads at 60 percent power factor applied to output circuits which do not receive energy from the detector. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure of the switching circuit.
    2. The test loads shall be set at 150 percent of rated current while connected to a separate power source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.

    (n) Endurance.

    1. A detector shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected to 6,000 cycles of alarm signal operation at a rate of not more than 10 cycles per minute with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and with related devices or equivalent loads connected to the output circuits.
  • CRSC § 1.5 High relevance — show source text
    1. Smoke density is measured as the drop in light intensity on a microammeter by means of photoelectric cell mounted a few inches below and about 12 inches (305 mm) inside the discharge end of the duct. The light source, stabilized for light intensity, is mounted 1 inch (25 mm) above the duct directly above the photoelectric cell. The microammeter readings are recorded every 5 seconds for the first minute and every 10 seconds for the next 2 minutes.
    2. The differences between these readings and the readings taken before the test are plotted against time (the scale being 40 μA and 40 seconds to the inch) with the resulting area under the curve being measured by use of a planimeter or calculated mathematically. This area is a measure of the smoke density produced during the test.

    (c) Classification. As a result of the tests, air filter units are classified as Class 1 or 2 as indicated below:

    1. Class 1 air filter units are those which, when clean, do not produce flames or sparks when attacked by flame and which develop areas under the smoke density curves that are less than 1.5 square inches (967 mm [2] ).
    2. Class 2 air filter units are those which, when clean, burn moderately when attacked by flame or emit moderate amounts of smoke or both. These units, although they may be consumed to some extent, do not project flames or extensive sparks that would ignite adjacent combustible materials beyond the discharge end of the duct during the test and do not develop areas under the smoke density curves that are more than 6.0 square inches (3871 mm [2] ).

    (d) Adhesive coatings. Liquid-adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point of 325°F (163°C) Cleveland open cup tester, or higher.

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    12-72-1 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    STANDARD TEST PROCEDURES

    STANDARD 12-72-1

    STATE FIRE MARSHAL

    SCOPE

    Sec. 12-72-100.

    (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of the protective signaling systems to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal as set forth in the California Electrical Code, and when applicable shall be reported on in their entirety by the approved testing laboratory.

    (b) Systems. This standard covers electrically operated devices and control units designed to transmit and sound alarms, supervisory and trouble signals to be employed in ordinary indoor locations in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary and Local Protective Signaling Systems, Remote Station, Nos. 72A, 72B, 72C and 72D, and the California Electrical Code. This includes combination protective signaling systems employing nonsupervised sounding circuits; combination fire alarm-communication, -program and -clock systems (hereinafter referred to as combination signaling systems); and audible devices used for both alarm and program or communication

    purposes.

  • CRSC § 0.5 High relevance — show source text

    is referenced, a copy of the specification is to be provided for review. A failure rate of 0.5 failure per million hours for nonsupervised components would be acceptable. 4. The data required in the preceding paragraph shall include the following: A. Component fault analysis. Effect of failure, open and short, particularly of capacitors, on operation of a detector. B. A description of any component screening and burn-in test, if available. C. Amount of derating of components under normal standby and alarm conditions. A derating of 50 percent or more is acceptable for all components except for electrolytic capacitors. See also Table 12-72-3F. D. Component failure rate data at rated values and derated values. This may be in the form of a reference to a MilSpec. handbook or equivalent. E. Maximum ratings for components. F. Any other data, not included above, which will provide an equivalent reliability analysis.

    DETECTOR RATED VOLTAGE, NAMEPLATE TEST VOLTAGE
    110 to 120 120
    220 to 240 240
    Other Marked Rating
    1. Unless specifically specified otherwise, the test voltage for each test of a detector shall be as follows at rated frequency:
    2. The following samples are used to perform the tests of this standard: A. At least 20 assembled detectors fully representative of production units. B. One additional unassembled detector fully representative of production units. C. Five additional samples of detectors employing a radioactive source. These may be partial assemblies illustrating the radioactive source installation.

    D. Three control units and/or power supplies if the detectors are intended specifically to be employed with a specific unit or power supply. E. The monitoring instrument or reference to a commonly available meter intended to monitor sensitivity of a detector.

    (b) Normal operation.

    1. A detector shall be capable of operating for all conditions of its intended performance at all sensitivity settings when employed in conjunction with any related power supply or control unit with which it is intended to be employed and indicating devices to form the system combination covered by the installation wiring diagram and any supplementary information provided.

    2. The test voltage shall be in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and the combustion products detector shall be in the normal circuit supervisory standby condition and prepared for normal signaling operation when it is connected to related devices and circuits.

    3. The introduction of combustion products into the detector chamber such as produced by a smoldering cotton lamp wick, rope or equivalent, shall result in the operation of the detector in its intended manner. Section 12-72-303 (p), Item 2.

    (c) Power input and output. The input or output current of each circuit of a combustion products detector shall not exceed the marked rating by more than 10 percent when the detector is operated under the conditions of normal use and with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.

    (d) Electrical supervision.

    1. All nonreliable components such as electronic tube heaters, blower motors, capacitors, functional heating elements, etc., the failure of which may result in an open or shorted condition shall be electrically supervised. See Sections 12-72-302 (e); 12-72-303 (a), Item 3; 12-72-303 (e) and 12-72-303 (s).
  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

    purposes.

    (c) Control unit. A control unit covered by this standard consists of a unit assembly of electrical parts having provisions for the connection of power-supply circuits routed through the control unit equipment by a prescribed scheme of circuitry; signal initiating circuits extended to separate devices by which the operating parts of the control unit are actuated for signals, and to incorporated or separate devices by which the signals are transmitted or indicated to form a coordinated combination system for definite signaling service.

    TEST REPORTS

    Sec. 12-72-101.

    (a) Test report contents. The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Section 12-72102 (a) through (u); it shall include wiring, diagrams, operating manuals and photographs as set forth in Section 12-72-102 (a), Items 5 and 6; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with Sections 12-72-103 (a) through (g) and the results thereof; and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating required by Section 12-72-107.

    (b) Listed devices. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.

    The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking, the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices when installed in combination with other devices in a control unit or in a circuit extended from such control unit shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.

    (c) Listed control units. Control units which by their design are intended to fully comply with the Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Proprietary, Auxiliary, Remote Station and Local Protective Association may be investigated and tested in accordance with the Standards for Safety established by Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc., U.L. 864, provided such investigation, test and report incorporates the provisions of the California Electrical Code.

    (d) Rejection for cause. Compliance with these standards will not necessarily mean approval and listing, if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which may impair the result intended by these regulations. Unusual constructions may require application of additional performance tests. The State Fire Marshal may refuse to approve any item for cause.

    (e) Systems only. The standard applies to protective signaling systems as defined in the California Electrical Code, and systems or systems components for which application for approval and listing has been filed under the provisions of the California Electrical Code.

    This standard does not cover manual stations, automatic detectors, automatic transmitters or other actuating devices; nor does it cover separately listed bells, registers or other indicating devices which are not provided as a part of the control unit or matched against the output of sound-reproducing equipment.

    (f) Differing constructions. A control unit having materials or forms of construction differing from this standard may be investigated and tested according to the intent of this standard, and if found to be substantially equivalent may be given recognition for approval and listing. The office of the State Fire Marshal shall be consulted for general requirements and performance standards.

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    PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    GENERAL

    Sec. 12-72-102.

    (a) **Investigation—Report.

  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

    12-72-3 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    SMOKE DETECTORS, COMBUSTION PRODUCTS TYPE

    STANDARD 12-72-3

    STATE FIRE MARSHAL

    SCOPE

    Sec. 12-72-300.

    (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of combustion products detectors of other than the photoelectric type to be employed in ordinary indoor locations and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.

    (b) Definitions. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:

    1. Alarm signal. A signal intended to indicate an emergency fire condition.

    2. Annunciator. Integrally mounted or remotely connected visual indicating device intended to indicate an alarm or trouble condition.

    3. Ionization type detector. A device in which the presence of small combustion practices, often invisible to the eye, interfere with the normal ionization current resulting from radiation produced by a radioactive source in the detection chamber. A second chamber, employing a similar ionization source, may also be used to compensate for normal environmental ambient changes.

    4. Ionization-resistance bridge type detector. Employs both ionization and resistance bridge principles in one unit. Additive response from both detector elements is required for detector operation.

    5. Resistance-bridge type detector. Responds to an abnormal rate of increase of combustion products which change the impedance of second similar plate may be employed to compensate for normal ambient changes.

    6. Sensitivity. Relative degree of response of a detector. A high sensitivity denotes response to a lower concentration of combustion than a low sensitivity under identical fire test conditions.

    7. Trouble signal. A visual or audible signal intended to indicate a fault or trouble condition, such as an open or ground fault, occurring in the device or connected wiring.

    8. Voltage classification. A. Low voltage. A circuit classified as low voltage is one involving a potential of not more than 30 volts alternating current (42.4 peak) or direct current, and supplied from a circuit whose power is limited to a maximum of 100 volt

    amperes. B. High voltage. A circuit classified as high voltage is one having circuit characteristics in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit.

    TEST REPORTS

    Sec. 12-72-301.

    (a) The report shall include engineering data, and an analysis comparing the design against Sections 12-72-302 (a) through 12-72302 (t); it shall include wiring diagrams, operating manuals and photographs; it shall set forth the tests performed in accordance with this standard and the results thereof and shall verify the correctness of the electrical rating.

    (b) Listed components. Electrical wiring, material, devices, combination of devices, fittings, appliances and equipment which have been tested and listed by an approved listing agency for the intended purpose and use need not be individually retested.

    The report shall include the catalog number or other readily identifiable marking; the name of the approved listing agency, the laboratory test report number and date. Such individually tested and listed component parts and devices shall be subjected to the performance standard tests to determine its suitability for use in combination with other component parts, devices, circuits or equipment.

    (c) Listed detectors. Detectors which have been tested to any other acceptable test standard may be evaluated provided such test incorporates all features of this standard.

  • CRSC § 0.6 High relevance — show source text

    1. For direct current signaling circuits an equivalent inductive test load is to have the required direct current resistance for the test current and the inductance (calibrated) to obtain a power factor of 60 percent when connected to a 60 Hertz (Hz) alternating current potential equal to the rated direct current test voltage. When the inductive load has both the required direct current resistance and the required inductance, the current measured with the load connected to an alternating current circuit will be equal to 0.6 times the current measured with the load connected to a direct current circuit when the voltage of each circuit is the same.

    2. Separately energized circuits of a detector such as dry contacts shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected for 50 cycles of signal operation at a rate of not more than 6 cycles per minute while connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, with 150 percent rated loads at 60 percent power factor applied to output circuits which do not receive energy from the detector. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure of the switching circuit.

    3. The test loads shall be set at 150 percent of rated current while connected to a separate power source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5.

    (n) Endurance.

    1. A detector shall be capable of operating in a normal manner after being subjected to 6,000 cycles of alarm signal operation at a rate of not more than 10 cycles per minute with the detector connected to a source of supply in accordance with Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5, and with related devices or equivalent loads connected to the output circuits. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure or evidence of failure of the detector components. The same detector shall be tested that had been subjected previously to the overload test.
    2. Separately energized circuits of a detector shall be capable of performing acceptably when operated for 6,000 cycles at a rate of not more than 10 cycles per minute. When an electrical load is involved, the contacts of the device shall be caused to make and break the normal current at the voltage specified by Section 12-72-303 (a), Item 5. The load shall represent that which the device is intended to control. The endurance tests of the separately energized circuits may be conducted in conjunction with the endurance test of the detector. There shall be no electrical or mechanical failure of the detector nor undue pitting, burning or welding of any relay contacts.

    (o) Dielectric tests.

    1. A detector shall be capable of withstanding, without breakdown for a period of 1 minute, the application of a 60 Hz alternating potential between high-voltage, live parts and dead-metal parts, and between live parts of high- and low-voltage circuits, except as noted in Item 2. The test potential shall be: A. 1,000 volts RMS plus twice rated voltage for high-voltage circuits.
    2. A detector employing a low-voltage circuit shall be capable of withstanding, for 1 minute without breakdown, a 60 Hz alternating potential of 500 volts RMS applied between low-voltage live parts and dead-metal parts.
    3. Any reference grounds shall be disconnected prior to the test applications.
    4. A transformer, the output voltage of which is essentially sinusoidal, can be varied and can maintain the specified high potential voltage at the equipment during the duration of the test and is to be used to determine compliance with the foregoing.
  • CRSC § 0-150 High relevance — show source text

    In no case is the wire
    to be smaller than No. 14 AWG.
    2. At fixed parts of rigidly clamped special assemblies of live parts and insulating separators (such as contact springs on relays or cam switches) that are wired at the factory, the
    spacings may be less than those indicated, but not less than1/16 inch for 0-150 volts, and not less than3/32 inch for 151-300 volts, through air and over surface, except as noted
    in the following footnotes.
    3. Nor less than 3/64 inch through air and over surface for 250 volts or less if the equipment which the component part controls does not consume more than 375 volt-amperes or
    more than 5 amperes.
    4. Not less than1/32 inch through air and over surface for a circuit involving a potential or not more than 30 volts and supplied by a primary battery or by a standard Class 2 trans-
    former or by a suitable combination of transformer and fixed impedance having output characteristics in compliance with what is required for a Class 2 transformer.
    5. The spacing through air at installation-wiring terminals may be less than1/4 inch but not less than 1/8 inch if the terminals are recessed in insulating material or have insulating
    barriers so as to confine loose strands of conductors sufficiently to make it unlikely that the terminals will be grounded or short-circuited.|

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    PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    TABLE 12-72-1D—ENDURANCE TEST Col2 Col3
    NORMAL SIGNALING PERFORMANCE OF DEVICE TOTAL NUMBER OF
    CYCLES DEVICE TO BE
    TESTED    		 CYCLES PER
    MINUTE
    Continuous noncode signal for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 6,000 6
    A number of coded or noncode impulses for each operation of alarm signal initiating device 40,000 60
    Preliminary coded or noncode signal impulses followed by continuous signal impulses after
    each operation of alarm signal initiating device    		 40,000
    resetting of device after
    each group of 40 impulses    		 —
    60
    Relays 40,000 60

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    12-72-2 PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-STATION FIRE ALARM DEVICES MECHANICALLY OPERATED TYPE

    STANDARD 12-72-2

    STATE FIRE MARSHAL

    SCOPE

    Sec. 12-72-200.

    (a) Basic. This standard represents the minimum basic requirements for the construction and performance of single- and multiple-station fire alarm devices intended for indoor installation, and to be listed under this classification. The minimum design, construction and performance standards set forth herein are those deemed as minimum necessary to establish conformance to the regulations of the State Fire Marshal.

  • CRSC § 12-72 High relevance — show source text

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    PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS

    C. A circuit for a supplementary signal annunciator, signal sounding appliance, motor controller or similar appliance provided that a break or a ground fault in no way affects the normal operation of the unit except for omission of the supplementary feature.

    (e) Electrical supervision test.

    1. The electrical circuits formed by conductors extending from the installation wiring connections of a detector for interconnection to a power supply source or system control unit initiating device circuit shall be electrically supervised so that the detector trouble signal or circuit is energized under any of the following fault conditions if the fault prevents normal operation of the detector for fire alarm signals. A. Single open or single ground fault of the connecting field wiring. B. Failure of a nonreliable component. See Sections 12-72-303 (d), Item 1; 12-72-303 (a), Item 3; and 12-72-303 (s).
    2. A motor included in a detector, such as a blower motor which is required to operate continuously during normal operation, shall be supervised to indicate stalling or burnout.
    3. The heaters of all electronic tubes or other functional heating elements employed in a detector shall be electrically supervised to indicate an open circuit fault by an audible trouble signal if the fault prevents normal operation of the unit.
    4. Internal shorts between any two elements of an electronic tube shall be indicated by either a trouble signal or an alarm signal if such failure prevents normal operation of the unit. Such a failure shall not result in a fire hazard.
    5. Interruption and restoration of any source of electrical power connected to a detector unit shall not cause an alarm signal.
    6. The operation of any manual switching part of a detector unit to other than its normal position while the detector unit is in the normal standby condition shall be indicated by a trouble signal, if the off-normal position of the switch interferes with normal operation of the detector unit.
    7. To determine if a detector unit complies with the requirements for electrical supervision, see Section 12-72-303 (d). The detector is to be tested with the representative system combination in its normal supervisory condition, and the type of fault to be detected is then to be introduced. Each fault shall be applied separately, the results noted and the fault removed. The system combination is then to be restored to its normal supervisory condition prior to establishing the next fault.

    (f) Sensitivity test.

    1. A combustion products detector shall operate within the limits specified below when subjected to a smoldering smoke condition using the combustion products and test equipment described in the following paragraphs. If the detector employs a variable sensitivity setting, test measurements are to be made at maximum, minimum and nominal settings.

    A. Visible Smoke Obscuration Limits—

    0.0 percent per foot maximum (0.013) [1]

    0.2 percent per foot minimum (0.001) [1]

    B. Relative Combustion Products Measurement Limits—

    9.0 volts maximum

    1.0 volt minimum

    C. Monitoring Means— Within 25 percent of the operating limits of the detector rating. 2. Combustion products. A mercerized cotton lamp wick, nominally [7] / 8 inch (22 mm) wide by [1] / 8 inch (3 mm) in cross section and secured by an alligator type clip 3 inches (76 mm) below a removable cover assembly is to be employed as the source of combustion products.

  • CRSC § 1009.12 High relevance — show source text

    Emergency exit and panic hardware.
    |SFM|Part 9, Section 1009.12| |Chapter 12-11A,
    12-11B|Detectable warning products and directional
    surfaces|DSA|Part 2, Sections 1112A.9, 1116A.5, 11B-247,
    11B-406.5.12, 11B-705, 11B-810.5.2| |Chapter 12-12|Reserved||| |Chapter 12-13|Standards for insulating material|CA/SFM|Part 2.5, Section R302.10.1
    Part 6, Section 110.8
    Part 9, Section 720, Table 721.1(1)
    Part 11, Section A5.504.4.8| |Chapter 12-16-1|California standard for earthquake-actuated
    automatic gas shutoff systems|DSA|Part 2, Chapters 16 and 16A
    Part 5, Section 1211.8| |Chapter 12-16-2|California standard for residential excess flow
    actuated automatic gas shutoff valves|DSA|Part 5, Section 1209.1| |Chapter 12-31C|Radiation shielding|DPH|Part 2, Section 3102C| |Chapter 12-71|Air filters|SFM|Part 4, Sections 401.2, 509.2.3, 509.2.3.4
    Part 6, Section 120.1| |Chapter 12-72-1|Protective signaling systems.
    Standard test procedures.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-2|Protective signaling systems. Single-and
    multiple-station fire alarm devices
    mechanically operated type.|SFM|| |Chapter 12-72-3|Protective signaling systems. Smoke detectors,
    combustion products type.|SFM||

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    12-1 ADMINISTRATION

    RESERVED

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    12-3 RELEASING SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY BARS IN DWELLINGS

    (This standard includes provisions of Underwriters Laboratories Subject 2326, Appendix B, dated December 17, 1999, reprinted with their permission.)

    INTRODUCTION

    SECTION 12-3-1—SCOPE

    12-3-1.1 These requirements cover releasing systems for bars, grilles, mesh, glazing or other items intended to provide security at doors and windows required for emergency escape from dwelling units. When actuated by the occupant, the system allows the obstructions over the door or window to be moved so occupants can escape in the event of an emergency.

Frequently asked questions

What sections of the CRSC contain the test requirements for protective signaling systems?

Primary requirements are in the three Standards: Standard 12‑72‑1 (see § 12‑72‑100 and § 12‑72‑101) for control units and test reports; Standard 12‑72‑2 (see § 12‑72‑200 et seq.) for mechanically operated single/multi station devices; Standard 12‑72‑3 (see § 12‑72‑300 et seq.) for combustion‑products detectors filefile.

Are factory‑listed components exempt from all testing?

No. Individually listed components need not be retested for their individual listing, but the assembled control unit or system combination must still be subjected to the performance tests required by the applicable standard (see § 12‑72‑101(b) ) .

How many cycles must a detector survive in the endurance test?

A detector is required to operate normally after 6,000 cycles of alarm operation at the specified rate (see § 12‑72‑3 (n) ) .

What humidity and temperature extremes must detectors survive?

Detectors must function after exposure to 85% ±5% relative humidity at 30°C for 24 hours, and be tested at ambient extremes of 0°C and 49°C with sensitivity within allowed limits (see § 12‑72‑3 (r, l) ) file.

Where do I find the exact dielectric test voltage to apply?

Dielectric/withstand voltages are specified in the detector standard; for high‑voltage circuits the test is 1,000 V RMS plus twice rated voltage for one minute (see § 12‑72‑3 (o) ) .

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Releasing systems for security bars and emergency‑escape requirements

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California Referenced Standards Code