CMC · California Mechanical Code
How are violations, stop-work orders, and unsafe structures handled?
If mechanical work violates the code or creates danger, the code official can issue a written Notice of Violation or a Stop Work Order and require abatement; in emergencies work can be halted immediately and the official can seek legal action or fines if the order is ignored (see **§ 106.2–106.6**).
Last reviewed: July 6, 2026
What the code requires — 2-4 sentences
The 2025 California Mechanical Code places the enforcement rules for violations, stop‑work orders, and unsafe structures/equipment in § 106.1–106.6 (Violations and Penalties; Stop Orders; Authority to Disconnect/Condemn). § 106.2 authorizes the code official to serve a Notice of Violation requiring discontinuance and abatement, and § 106.4 authorizes written Stop Orders that require work to cease immediately. The code also empowers legal action and penalties for non‑compliance and gives the code official emergency authority to disconnect utilities or condemn equipment where necessary (see § 106.3–§ 106.6).
The single most important rule: the code official may order illegal or dangerous mechanical work stopped and must be obeyed immediately; failure to comply can lead to fines and legal proceedings. § 106.2 and § 106.4 are the primary authorities.
Requirements in detail
Who may act and what actions are authorized
- The code official is the enforcement authority for Notices, Stop Orders, abatement and referral to legal counsel. § 106.1 establishes the general enforcement authority.
- If a Notice of Violation is ignored, the code official may request the jurisdiction’s legal counsel to start proceedings in law or equity to restrain, correct or abate the violation. § 106.3.
Written notice and Stop Orders
- A Notice of Violation (written) must be served on the person responsible and must direct discontinuance/abatement. § 106.2.
- A Stop Work Order must be in writing, given to the owner/agent/worker, state the reason, and state conditions under which work can resume. On issuance, the cited work must immediately cease. § 106.4.
- In an emergency, the code official may stop work immediately without prior written notice. § 106.4 (emergency provision).
Unsafe structures and equipment
- Items or structures that become unsafe — e.g., due to inadequate egress, fire hazard, or insanitary/deficient conditions — are subject to abatement, repair or demolition as deemed necessary by the code official. The code grants authority to require removal or to make safe. § 106.6 describes authority to condemn/declare unsafe (and related emergency powers are located in the same enforcement chapter).
Penalties and follow-up
- Penalties for violating code provisions or for failing to obey notices/orders are imposed “as prescribed by law”; the code authorizes fines and legal action but does not specify statewide dollar amounts in the Mechanical Code enforcement text. § 106.3.
Decision table (quick reference)
| Decision / situation | Required action by code official | Immediate effect | Code Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Work done contrary to code | Serve Notice of Violation directing discontinuance and abatement | Work must stop or be corrected per notice | § 106.2 |
| Hazardous or dangerous work observed | Issue Stop Work Order (written) stating reasons and resume conditions | Work must immediately cease | § 106.4 |
| Emergency dangerous condition | Stop work immediately (may be without prior written notice) | Immediate cessation; emergency abatement actions allowed | § 106.4 |
| Notice not complied with | Refer to legal counsel; prosecute or seek equitable relief; fines may apply | Possible injunctions, abatement, removal of unlawful occupancy, fines | § 106.3 |
| Structure/equipment deemed unsafe | Serve written notice requiring repairs, improvements, or demolition; record unsafe condition | Owner must accept/reject terms and abate or the jurisdiction may proceed | § 106.6 and related unsafe/emergency provisions |
| Continuing work after stop order | Fine per authority having jurisdiction; possible further legal action | Continued violation = subject to fines and prosecution | § 106.4 and § 106.3 |
Procedural notes
- Service of notices typically follows local rules; the Mechanical Code authorizes Notices and Stop Orders and the referral to counsel but leaves service methods and fine amounts to local jurisdictional law (see the code’s enforcement chapter). § 106.2–106.4.
Exceptions & special cases
- Emergency stoppage: where an imminent or present danger exists, the code official need not give prior written notice before stopping work — immediate action is allowed. § 106.4.
- The Mechanical Code gives the code official authority to disconnect utilities or condemn equipment in emergencies; these are special powers used only when necessary for public safety. § 106.5–§ 106.6.
- The code does not set statewide dollar penalties in the CMC enforcement chapter; penalties are implemented “as prescribed by law,” so local ordinance or state statutes supply exact fine amounts and criminal/administrative categories. § 106.3.
Common mistakes
- Assuming the stop-work order is optional: a Stop Work Order issued under § 106.4 must be obeyed immediately; continuing work risks fines.
- Expecting uniform penalty amounts: the CMC delegates penalty amounts to local law — don’t assume a fixed dollar figure in the State Mechanical Code. § 106.3.
- Failing to use legal counsel: if a Notice is not promptly complied with, the code official is authorized to request legal action — enforcement does not stop at the notice stage. § 106.3.
- Misunderstanding “unsafe”: not all non‑conforming work equals an unsafe structure. Unsafe conditions are those that are a danger to life, egress, health, fire safety or public welfare; the code official assesses and declares unsafe conditions. § 106.6.
Worked example — a concrete scenario with numbers (illustrative)
Scenario: A contractor installs a large mechanical exhaust fan and venting without the required permit and the installation blocks an egress path, creating a documented hazard.
- Code official inspects and issues a Notice of Violation under § 106.2 telling the contractor/owner to discontinue the illegal work and to abate the egress obstruction.
- The Notice does not fix a numeric fine in the CMC; suppose the local ordinance sets a $200 per day administrative fine for continuing a violation (this dollar figure is hypothetical and set by the jurisdiction, not the CMC). If the owner ignores the Notice and continues work for 10 days, the owner would accrue $2,000 in fines (10 × $200/day). This math is an illustration — the CMC requires enforcement but defers actual fine amounts to local law. § 106.3.
- If the hazard is immediate and blocking means of egress, the code official may issue a Stop Work Order under § 106.4 (and in an emergency may stop work without prior written notice). Work must cease immediately; the owner must abate the condition before resuming.
- If the owner still refuses to comply, the code official can refer the matter to legal counsel to obtain injunctive relief or other remedies as authorized in § 106.3.
(Important: the CMC text authorizes the enforcement steps above; exact timelines, fine amounts and service methods are established by local ordinance or other law and should be checked with the local authority having jurisdiction.)
Related provisions (CMC)
- § 104.1 — Permits required (start point: when mechanical work needs a permit).
- § 104.4 — Permit issuance (procedures that can affect enforcement when permits are revoked or refused).
- § 105.0 — Inspections and testing (inspection findings commonly trigger Notices/Stop Orders).
- § 106.1 — General enforcement authority (gateway for Notices/Stop Orders).
- § 106.2 — Notices of Correction or Violation (serving notices; discontinuance/abatement).
- § 106.3 — Penalties and prosecution (referral to legal counsel; remedies).
- § 106.4 — Stop Orders (authority and requirements).
- § 106.5 — Authority to disconnect utilities in emergencies (emergency abatement tool).
- § 106.6 — Authority to condemn / unsafe structures and equipment (abatement, demolition, or repair).
Note: Other I‑Codes (Building, Fire, Existing Building) use sections numbered 113–116 for similar topics; those texts parallel these enforcement concepts in their chapters (see Building/Fire/Existing Building Code chapters for comparable language). For CMC enforcement, see the Mechanical Code enforcement chapter referenced above.
Code references
Grounded in the retrieved California Mechanical Code — click a citation to read the verbatim passage:
CMC § 113.3 High relevance — show source text
[A] 113.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
[A] 113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who repairs or alters or changes the occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the code official or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION 114—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 114.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 115—UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
[A] 115.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or that involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe as the code official deems necessary and as provided for in this code. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
[A] 115.2 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
[A] 115.3 Notice. If an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve on the owner of the structure or the owner’s authorized agent a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe condition, or that requires the unsafe building to be demolished within a stipulated time. Such notice shall require the person thus notified to declare immediately to the code official acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
CMC § 112.2 High relevance — show source text
[A] 112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
[A] 112.4 Administration. The code official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION 113—VIOLATIONS
[A] 113.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to repair, alter, extend, add, move, remove, demolish or change the occupancy of any building or equipment regulated by this code or cause same to be done in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
[A] 113.2 Notice of violation. The code official is authorized to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the repair, alteration, extension, addition, moving, removal, demolition or change in the occupancy of a building in violation of the provisions of this code or in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation.
[A] 113.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
[A] 113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who repairs or alters or changes the occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the code official or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION 114—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 114.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
CMC § 113.4 High relevance — show source text
[A] 113.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a [ SPECIFY OFFENSE ], punishable by a fine of not more than [ AMOUNT ] dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding [ NUMBER OF DAYS ], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate offense.
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DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
[A] 113.4.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the fire code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
SECTION 114—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 114.1 Authority. Where the fire code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code, or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the fire code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the fire code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 115—UNSAFE STRUCTURES OR EQUIPMENT
[A] 115.1 General. If during the inspection of a premises, a structure, or any building system, in whole or in part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, the fire code official shall issue such notice or orders to remove or remedy the conditions as shall be deemed necessary in accordance with this section, and shall refer the building to the building official for any repairs, alterations, remodeling, removing or demolition required.
[A] 115.1.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe, as the fire code official deems necessary and as provided for in this section. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
CMC § 114.2 High relevance — show source text
[A] 114.2 Notice of violation. The building official is authorized to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the erection, construction, alteration, extension, repair, moving, removal, demolition or occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code, or in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation.
[A] 114.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the building official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
[A] 114.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION 115—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 115.1 Authority. Where the building official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 115.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 115.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the building official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 115.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 116—UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
[A] 116.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or that involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe, as the building official deems necessary and as provided for in this section. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
[A] 116.2 Record. The building official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
CMC § 113.1 High relevance — show source text
[A] 113.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the building official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the applicable governing authority and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the building official.
[A] 113.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code.
[A] 113.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and who are not employees of the jurisdiction.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 113.4 Administration. The building official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION 114—VIOLATIONS
[A] 114.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, extend, repair, move, remove, demolish or occupy any building, structure or equipment regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
[A] 114.2 Notice of violation. The building official is authorized to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the erection, construction, alteration, extension, repair, moving, removal, demolition or occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code, or in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation.
[A] 114.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the building official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
[A] 114.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION 115—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 115.1 Authority. Where the building official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
CMC § 1-25 High relevance — show source text
2025 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE 1-25
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DIVISION II SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
R112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
R112.4 Administration. The building official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION R113—VIOLATIONS
R113.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, extend, repair, move, remove, demolish or occupy any building, structure or equipment regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code.
R113.2 Notice of violation. The building official is authorized to serve a notice of violation or order on the person responsible for the erection, construction, alteration, extension, repair, moving, removal, demolition or occupancy of a building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code, or in violation of a detail statement or a plan approved thereunder, or in violation of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code. Such order shall direct the discontinuance of the illegal action or condition and the abatement of the violation.
R113.3 Prosecution of violation. If the notice of violation is not complied with in the time prescribed by such notice, the building official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation, or to require the removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the building or structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant thereto.
R113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION R114—STOP WORK ORDER
R114.1 Authority. Where the building official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
R114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
R114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the building official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
R114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
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CMC § 112.1 High relevance — show source text
The code official shall notify the serving utility and, where possible, the owner or the owner’s authorized agent and the occupant of the building, structure or service system of the decision to disconnect prior to taking such action. If not notified prior to disconnection, the owner, the owner’s authorized agent or the occupant of the building, structure or service system shall be notified in writing as soon as practical thereafter.
SECTION 112—MEANS OF APPEALS
[A] 112.1 General. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals shall be appointed by the applicable governing authority and shall hold office at its pleasure. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant, with a duplicate copy to the code official.
[A] 112.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on a claim that the true intent of this code or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted, the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of construction is proposed. The board shall not have authority to waive requirements of this code.
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ADMINISTRATION
[A] 112.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who are qualified by experience and training on matters pertaining to the provisions of this code and are not employees of the jurisdiction.
[A] 112.4 Administration. The code official shall take action without delay in accordance with the decision of the board.
SECTION 113—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 113.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 113.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 113.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 113.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
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CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
CMC § 113.1 High relevance — show source text
SECTION 113—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 113.1 Authority. Where the code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
[A] 113.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 113.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 113.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE 1-25
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1-26 2025 CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE
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CALIFORNIA WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM Col5 HCD Col7 Col8 DSA Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC Adopting Agency BSC BSC-
CGT-24 T-19* 1 2 1/AC AC SS 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Adopt Entire Chapter Adopt Entire Chapter as
amended (amended sections
listed below)X Adopt only those sections that
are listed below[California Code of Regulations,
Title 19, Division 1]Chapter / Section 201.3 X Applicable Building X Defensible Space X _Exterior Wall CMC § 114.3 High relevance — show source text
[A] 114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the fire code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 115—UNSAFE STRUCTURES OR EQUIPMENT
[A] 115.1 General. If during the inspection of a premises, a structure, or any building system, in whole or in part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, the fire code official shall issue such notice or orders to remove or remedy the conditions as shall be deemed necessary in accordance with this section, and shall refer the building to the building official for any repairs, alterations, remodeling, removing or demolition required.
[A] 115.1.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe, as the fire code official deems necessary and as provided for in this section. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
[A] 115.1.2 Structural hazards. Where an apparent structural hazard is caused by the faulty installation, operation or malfunction of any of the items or devices governed by this code, the fire code official shall immediately notify the building code official in accordance with Section 115.1.
[A] 115.2 Evacuation. The fire code official or the fire department official in charge of an incident shall be authorized to order the immediate evacuation of any occupied structure deemed unsafe where such structure has hazardous conditions that pose an imminent danger to structure occupants. Persons so notified shall immediately leave the structure or premises and shall not enter or reenter until authorized to do so by the fire code official or the fire department official in charge of the incident.
[A] 115.3 Record. The fire code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
[A] 115.4 Notice. If an unsafe condition is found, the fire code official shall serve on the owner of the structure or the owner’s authorized agent a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe condition, or requires the unsafe structure to be demolished within a stipulated time. Such notice shall require the person thus notified to declare immediately to the fire code official acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
[A] 115.5 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served where a copy thereof is served in accordance with one of the following methods:
- A copy is delivered to the owner personally.
- A copy is sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner at the last known address with return receipt requested.
- A copy is delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
CMC § 115.2 High relevance — show source text
[A] 115.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
[A] 115.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the building official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 115.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 116—UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
[A] 116.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or that involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe, as the building official deems necessary and as provided for in this section. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
[A] 116.2 Record. The building official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
[A] 116.3 Notice. If an unsafe condition is found, the building official shall serve on the owner of the structure, or the owner’s authorized agent, a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe condition, or that requires the unsafe structure to be demolished within a stipulated time. Such notice shall require the person thus notified to declare immediately to the building official acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
[A] 116.4 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served where a copy thereof is served in accordance with one of the following methods:
- A copy is delivered to the owner personally.
- A copy is sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner at the last known address with the return receipt requested.
- A copy is delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
If the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was not delivered, a copy thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about the structure affected by such notice. Service of such notice in the foregoing manner on the owner’s authorized agent shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
[A] 116.5 Restoration or abatement. Where the structure or equipment determined to be unsafe by the building official is restored to a safe condition, the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator or occupant of a structure, premises or equipment deemed unsafe by the building official shall abate or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action. To the extent that repairs, alterations or additions are made or a change of occupancy occurs during the restoration of the structure, such repairs, alterations, additions and change of occupancy shall comply with the requirements of the California Existing Building Code .
1-34 2025 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE
CMC § 1-26 High relevance — show source text
R113.4 Violation penalties. Any person who violates a provision of this code or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who erects, constructs, alters or repairs a building or structure in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the building official, or of a permit or certificate issued under the provisions of this code, shall be subject to penalties as prescribed by law.
SECTION R114—STOP WORK ORDER
R114.1 Authority. Where the building official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
R114.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner’s authorized agent or the person performing the work. Upon issuance of a stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state the reason for the order and the conditions under which the cited work is authorized to resume.
R114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the building official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
R114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
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CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLE
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
(Matrix Adoption Tables are nonregulatory, intended only as an aid to the code user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)
Adopting agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM HCD Col6 Col7 DSA Col9 Col10 OSHPD Col12 Col13 Col14 Col15 Col16 BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC Adopting agency BSC BSC-
CGSFM 1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 1R 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Adopt entire chapter Adopt entire chapter as
amended (amended
sections listed below)X X X Adopt only those sections
that are listed belowChapter / Section R201.3 X X R201.4 X ACCESS (TO) X _ACCESSORY DWELLING CMC § 1502.3.1 High relevance — show source text
Standpipe systems are in service and continuous to the highest work floor, as specified in Section 1509.
Portable fire extinguishers are available in locations required by Section 1507 and for roofing operations in accordance with the California Fire Code .
Where a fire watch is required, fire watch records complying with the California Fire Code are up-to-date.
[F] 1502.3.1 Violations. Failure to properly conduct, document and maintain documentation required by this section shall constitute an unlawful act in accordance with Section 113.1 and shall result in the issuance of a notice of violation to the site safety director in accordance with Section 113.2. Upon the third offense, the code official is authorized to issue a stop work order in accordance with Section 114, and work shall not resume until satisfactory assurances of future compliance have been presented to and approved by the code official.
SECTION 1503—SANITARY
[BG] 1503.1 Facilities required. Sanitary facilities shall be provided during construction or demolition activities in accordance with the California Plumbing Code .
SECTION 1504—PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS
[BS] 1504.1 Protection of pedestrians. Pedestrians shall be protected during construction and demolition activities as required by Sections 1504.1.1 through 1504.1.7 and Table 1504.1. Signs shall be provided to direct pedestrian traffic.
TABLE 1504.1—PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS Col2 Col3 HEIGHT OF
CONSTRUCTIONDISTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION TO LOT LINE TYPE OF PROTECTION REQUIRED 8 feet or less Less than 5 feet Construction railings 8 feet or less 5 feet or more None More than 8 feet Less than 5 feet Barrier and covered walkway More than 8 feet 5 feet or more, but not more than one-fourth the height of construction Barrier and covered walkway More than 8 feet 5 feet or more, but between one-fourth and one-half the height of construction Barrier More than 8 feet 5 feet or more, but exceeding one-half the height of construction None For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm. [BS] 1504.1.1 Walkways. A walkway shall be provided for pedestrian travel in front of every construction and demolition site unless the applicable governing authority authorizes the sidewalk to be fenced or closed. A walkway shall be provided for pedestrian travel that leads from a building entrance or exit of an occupied structure to a public way. Walkways shall be of sufficient width to accommodate the pedestrian traffic, but shall be not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Walkways shall be provided with a durable walking surface and shall be accessible in accordance with Chapter 11 A of the California Building Code . Walkways shall be designed to support all imposed loads and the design live load shall be not less than 150 pounds per square foot (psf) (7.2 kN/m [2] ).
CMC § 114.3 High relevance — show source text
[A] 114.3 Emergencies. Where an emergency exists, the code official shall not be required to give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
[A] 114.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the authority having jurisdiction.
SECTION 115—UNSAFE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
[A] 115.1 Unsafe conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or that involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe as the code official deems necessary and as provided for in this code. A vacant structure that is not secured against unauthorized entry shall be deemed unsafe.
[A] 115.2 Record. The code official shall cause a report to be filed on an unsafe condition. The report shall state the occupancy of the structure and the nature of the unsafe condition.
[A] 115.3 Notice. If an unsafe condition is found, the code official shall serve on the owner of the structure or the owner’s authorized agent a written notice that describes the condition deemed unsafe and specifies the required repairs or improvements to be made to abate the unsafe condition, or that requires the unsafe building to be demolished within a stipulated time. Such notice shall require the person thus notified to declare immediately to the code official acceptance or rejection of the terms of the order.
[A] 115.4 Method of service. Such notice shall be deemed properly served where a copy thereof is served in accordance with one of the following methods:
- A copy is delivered to the owner or the owner’s authorized agent personally.
- A copy is sent by certified or registered mail addressed to the owner at the last known address with the return receipt requested.
- A copy is delivered in any other manner as prescribed by local law.
If the certified or registered letter is returned showing that the letter was not delivered, a copy thereof shall be posted in a conspicuous place in or about the structure affected by such notice. Service of such notice in the foregoing manner on the owner’s authorized agent shall constitute service of notice on the owner.
[A] 115.5 Restoration or abatement. The structure or equipment determined to be unsafe by the code official is permitted to be restored to a safe condition. The owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator or occupant of a structure, premises or equipment deemed unsafe by the code official shall abate or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action. To the extent that repairs, alterations or additions are made, or a change of
2025 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE 1-31
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ADMINISTRATION
occupancy occurs during the restoration of the structure, such repairs, alterations, additions or change of occupancy shall comply with the requirements of this code.
SECTION 116—EMERGENCY MEASURES
**[A] 116.1 Imminent danger.
CMC § 113.3.1 High relevance — show source text
[A] 113.3.1 Service. A notice of violation issued pursuant to this code shall be served on the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation, either by personal service, mail or by delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person of responsibility on the premises. For unattended or abandoned locations, a copy of such notice of violation shall be posted on the premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the notice of violation shall be mailed by certified mail with return receipt requested or a certificate of mailing, to the last known address of the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, or occupant.
[A] 113.3.2 Compliance with orders and notices. A notice of violation issued or served as provided by this code shall be complied with by the owner, the owner’s authorized agent, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the notice of violation pertains.
[A] 113.3.3 Prosecution of violations. If the notice of violation is not complied with promptly, the fire code official is authorized to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the appropriate legal proceedings at law or in equity to restrain, correct or abate such violation or to require removal or termination of the unlawful occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction made pursuant hereto.
[A] 113.3.4 Unauthorized tampering. Signs, tags or seals posted or affixed by the fire code official shall not be mutilated, destroyed or tampered with, or removed, without authorization from the fire code official.
[A] 113.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a [ SPECIFY OFFENSE ], punishable by a fine of not more than [ AMOUNT ] dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding [ NUMBER OF DAYS ], or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate offense.
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DIVISION II—SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION
[A] 113.4.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the fire code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.
SECTION 114—STOP WORK ORDER
[A] 114.1 Authority. Where the fire code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code, or in a dangerous or unsafe manner, the fire code official is authorized to issue a stop work order.
CMC § 103.2 High relevance — show source text
103.2 Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
103.3 Applications and Permits . . . . . . . . 22
103.4 Right of Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
104.0 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
104.1 Permits Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
104.2 Exempt Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
104.3 Application for Permit . . . . . . . . . . . 22
104.4 Permit Issuance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
104.5 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
105.0 Inspections and Testing . . . . . . . . . 24
105.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
105.2 Required Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . 24
105.3 Testing of Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
105.4 Connection to Service Utilities . . . . 25
106.0 Violations and Penalties . . . . . . . . . 25
106.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
106.2 Notices of Correction or Violation . . 25
106.3 Penalties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
106.4 Stop Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
106.5 Authority to Disconnect Utilities in Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
106.6 Authority to Condemn. . . . . . . . . . . 26
107.0 Board of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
107.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
107.2 Limitations of Authority . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 104.5 Mechanical Permit Fees . . . . . . . . . 27
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
201.0 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
201.1 Applicability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
202.0 Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
202.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
xxviii
CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS. . . . . . 49
301.0 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CMC § 1010.2.3 High relevance — show source text
Hardware 1010.2.3 Toilet facilities for public pools Chapter 29
Technical Production Areas 410.2.2, 410.5.3 Telephone Exchanges 304 Telescopic Seating (see Bleachers) Temporary Structures 3103 Certificate of occupancy 108.3, 111.3 Conformance 108.2, 3103.1.2 Construction documents 3103.2 Encroachment, public rights-ofway 3202.3 Flood provisions G113 Means of egress 3103.4 Permit 108.1, 3103.1.3 Power, temporary 108.3, 112.2 Structural 3103.6 Termination of approval 108.4 Tenant Separation Covered and open mall building 402.4.2.1, 708.1 Tents (see Temporary Structures) Termites, Protection From 2304.12 Terra Cotta 1404.10, 1411
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INDEX
Unlimited Area Buildings 507 Unsafe Structures and Equipment (see Structures, Unsafe) 116 Appeals 113, Appendix B Revocation of permit 105.6 Stop work orders 115 Utilities disconnection 112.3
Unstable Materials 307.3, Table 414.2.5.1, Table 414.5.1, Table 415.6.5, 415.7.1, 415.9 Unusable Space 711.2.6 Use and Occupancy Chapter 3 Accessory 508.2 Classification 302.1
Detailed requirements based on occupancy and use Chapter 4 Incidental uses 509, Table 509.1 Mixed 508.3, 508.4 Use designation 302.2 Utilities 112
Service connection 112.1
Service disconnection 112.3
Temporary connection 112.2 Utility and Miscellaneous Occupancy (Group U) 312 Accessibility Chapters 11A and 11B Agricultural buildings Appendix C Area 503, 505, 506, 507, 508 Flood provisions Appendix G Height 503, 504, 508 Incidental uses 509
Live loads Table 1607.1 Means of egress Exit signs 1013.1 Stairway, exit access 1019 Mixed occupancies 508.3, 508.4 Special provisions Private garages and carports 406.3 Residential aircraft hangars 412.4 Sprinkler protection 903.2.11 Travel distance 1006.2.1, 1006.3,
1017.1 UV Germicidal Irradiation Systems
1211
Frequently asked questions
Who must stop work when a Stop Work Order is issued?
Anyone performing the cited work — the owner, the owner’s agent, or the person performing the work — must stop immediately when a written Stop Work Order is served. § 106.4.
Can the code official stop work without a written notice?
Yes — when an emergency exists, the code official need not give prior written notice before stopping work. § 106.4.
What happens if a Notice of Violation is ignored?
If the notice is not complied with promptly, the code official may request the jurisdiction’s legal counsel to institute proceedings to restrain, correct or abate the violation or to remove unlawful occupancy. § 106.3.
Does the Mechanical Code set dollar amounts for fines?
No. The Mechanical Code authorizes penalties “as prescribed by law” but does not set fixed statewide fine amounts; local ordinance or other law determines exact penalties. § 106.3.
If a building or equipment is unsafe, what does the code official do?
The code official files a report, serves written notice describing the unsafe condition and requires repair, abatement or demolition as necessary; the owner must accept or reject the terms and abate the unsafe condition. § 106.6.
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